Academic literature on the topic 'Origami for kids'

AbstractThe design of three-dimensional (3D) microstructures is an interesting, fascinating and highly challenging research topic. One of the very promising approaches for 3D microstructuring, inspired by the Japanese art of paper folding – origami, is based on self-folding films. Such films consist of two kinds of materials with different volume expansion properties and are able to form different structures ranging from simple tubes to highly complex 3D shapes. In this review, our recent progress in the design of polymer bilayers and understanding of their folding is summarized.

In the process of new personal consciousness formation it is very important to understand the necessity of development of new public conception of the environment as of a common sphere for society and nature, which means understanding significance of sustainable development of nature and society. Extracurricular environmental education implemented in the “Vodlozersky” National park helps to promote environmental knowledge of native region and fosters development of knowledge and skills for living and working in the environment. The content of educational programmes was divided into separate topics: “Avifauna of Vedlozero islands”, “Predators on the swamp”, “Vodlozero lichens”, “Mushroom hunting”, “Green pharmacy” and others. As an example we suggest one of the lessons devoted to “Avifauna of Velikostrov Island” from the topic “Avifauna of Vedlozero islands”. It took much time for schoolchildren to get the skills in birds’ identification. Teachers and schoolchildren analyzed everything they saw and heard, made conclusions, wrote down their observations. As a result of fieldwork the expedition participants have managed to learn to recognize different kinds of birds in the nature of the National park. Schoolchildren expressed special interest while getting to know the life of invertebrates of the water reservoir: “Microcosmos in a drop of water”. The integrative approach lied in combination of methods of Japanese paper art of Origami used to represent generalized image of a bird. With the help of natural materials such as dry grass, flowers, branches, soil, moss, stones, etc. schoolchildren constructed the models of biocenosis. They created a meadow and semi-aquatic lake world. In biocenosis models birds and plants made of paper were settled in their natural habitats. In painting the images of nature schoolchildren were offered to use natural materials: pollen from plants, flower petals, sand and stones. Students also showed interest to such lessons as “Epics of Vedlozero” and “Ethnography and Toponymy of Vedlozero”. On the territory of the National park there are special “marks” of the ancient ethnic group of population – vodlozery. These are commemorative trees – Karsikko. Students got to know about their origin and significance for vedlozery from conversation with the teacher on ecological trail. Knowledge acquired on these lessons allowed schoolchildren to express their creativity in making dolls – spirits of the wood and lake. To generalize knowledge about nature students of expedition camp made a trip along the ecological trail with the length of 1420 meters. The trail lied on the landscape consisting of different biocenosis: meadows, a sector of old forest, swamp. Walking along the trail they got acquainted with new representatives of flora and fauna – forest ants, poisonous and medical plants of swamp and forest. On one of the swamp sectors there was found carnivorous plant - (Drosera rotundifolia L). Having caught small dipterous insects students managed to feed this plant and observe the process of food capturing. Experience of ecological expedition camps organization allowed teachers and scientists for the first time to realize the work with children with special needs in the wild nature. As children had vision problems of different severity the teachers developed special educational programmes for them which included maximum use of their hearing, smell and touching. It was important to teach the children to identify the sounds of nature: voice of birds, insects, rustle of grass and reeds. But they also had the trips to the world of nature. They learnt to identify different kinds of plants – to feel them (touching the plants with their hands and face, palming), to recognize and remember the smell of spicy plants. For kids with mild form of visual pathology teachers tried to use all senses in working in nature but for a short period of time. Analysis of comments left by children by the end of expedition shows that they prefer communication with each other to communication with nature. In accordance with the goals set by the specialists of the National park it is necessary to implement practical lessons in nature involving schoolchildren into them in more active forms. Integration of scientific, artistic, aesthetic and humanitarian knowledge into coherent whole for cognition of nature will allow develop sustainable motivation for nature protection among children in the future. Primary educational experience of National park specialists in working with disabled children showed that such children may have unlimited possibilities to communicate with nature.

This paper presents a research of women clothing style, pattern design, and fabric by developing origami culture and double faced jacquard weaving. Four kinds of clothing styles are researched by folding fabric according some origami concept. Based on the developed folded garment structures, some positioned patterns are studied for modern advanced fashion design purposes. In the technology aspect, jacquard technology is used in this study. Jacquard technology uses double stitching structure which face and back patterns are not the same. The face fabric is colorful with pure silk while the back fabric is composite of twill and eight weft satin pattern with silk and cashmere yarn. The final example presents a combination creation of garment and fabric. The method and design of this type of creation requires a high integration of aesthetic and technical aspects, therefore a high added value would be achieved.

Usually, polyhedra are viewed as the underlying constructive cells of packing or tiling in many disciplines, including crystallography, protein folding, viruses structure, building architecture, etc. Here, inspired by the flexible origami polyhedra (commonly called origami flexiballs), we initially probe into their intrinsic metamaterial properties and robotized methods from fabrication to actuation. Firstly, the topology, geometries and elastic energies of shape shifting are analyzed for the three kinds of origami flexiballs with extruded outward rhombic faces. Provably, they meet the definitions of reconfigurable and transformable metamaterials with switchable stiffness and multiple degrees of freedom. Secondly, a new type of soft actuator with rhombic deformations is successfully put forward, different from soft bionic deformations like elongating, contracting, bending, twisting, spiraling, etc. Further, we redesign and fabricate the three-dimensional (3D) printable structures of origami flexiballs considering their 3D printability and foldability, and magnetically actuated them through the attachment of magnetoactive elastomer. Lastly, a fully soft in-pipe robot prototype is presented using the origami flexiball as an applicable attempt. Experimental work clearly suggests that the presented origami flexiball robot has good adaptability to various pipe sizes, and also can be easily expanded to different scales, or reconfigured into more complex metastructures by assembly. In conclusion, this research provides a newly interesting and illuminating member for the emerging families of mechanical metamaterials, soft actuators and soft robots.

Procedure text is the text that has to be mastered by senior high school. The purpose of the text is to give a clue how to do something through some steps. The students should experience the lesson in order to help them to know that activity is on their daily life and to apply the worldly education "learning to do" and to make class more lively and communicative. Experiencing the objective above, there are many kinds of media that can be used to motivate the students to learn procedure text orally. One of them is using "origami" (it's the art or process, originating in Japan, of folding paper into shapes representing objects such as flowers, animal and furniture etc.). This study is conducted using a descriptive qualitative research with non-participant researcher. The subject is the students of senior high school in Mojokerto. In doing the observation, the data are collected by observing the activity during the class, the result of observation checklist and the result of questionnaire. Using "origami" as an alternative media to teach procedure text in speaking class is expected to attract the students' interest; it can give the students' opportunities to feel a variety in teaching learning process. "Origami" helps the students increase motivation, enthusiasm, and become easy to practice their language orally. In carrying out "origami", the teacher selects "origami" for beginner because the models can be found in around their house or school. They enable the students to instruct orally. "Origami" is a good media in learning procedure text orally because it can give fun and relaxation and break up the routine class activity. Furthermore, the students experience and understand what they learn.Keywords: Origami, An alternative media, Procedure text, Speaking class

Motivated by the problem arising out of DNA origami, we give a general counting framework and enumeration formulas for various cellular embeddings of bouquets and dipoles under different kinds of symmetries. Our algebraic framework can be used constructively to generate desired symmetry classes, and we use Burnside’s lemma with various symmetry groups to derive the enumeration formulas. Our results assimilate several existing formulas into this unified framework. Furthermore, we provide new formulas for bouquets with colored edges (and thus for bouquets in nonorientable surfaces) as well as for directed embeddings of directed bouquets. We also enumerate vertex-labeled dipole embeddings. Since dipole embeddings may be represented by permutations, the formulas also apply to certain equivalence classes of permutations and permutation matrices. The resulting bouquet and dipole symmetry formulas enumerate structures relevant to a wide variety of areas in addition to DNA origami, including RNA secondary structures, Feynman diagrams, and topological graph theory. For uncolored objects, we catalog 58 distinct sequences, of which 43 have not, as far as we know, been described previously.

"We can find many seeds of crystallography in Japanese culture. Most of the family crests have symmetry elements such as rotation axes and mirror symmetry elements. Sekka-zue, a picture book of 86 kinds of crystals of snow, was made by Toshitura Doi, who is a feudal lord in Edo-period and he observed snow using a microscope in nineteenth century. In recent years, people enjoy to make crystal structures, polyhedrons, carbon nanotube, quasicrystal etc. by origami, the art of folding paper [1]. In the field of science, the Japanese crystallography has contributed to explore culture and art. An excellent example is unveiling the original color of Japanese painting "Red and White Plum Blossoms" by Korin Ogata [2]. Prof. Izumi Nakai (Tokyo University of Science) developed an X-ray fluorescence analyzer and an X-ray powder diffractometer designated to the investigation of cultural and art works and had succeeded in reproducing the silver-colored waves through computer graphics after X-ray analyses of crystals on the painting. The scientific approach by Prof. Nakai et al. unveiled the mystery of cultural heritage of ancient near east, ancient Egypt etc. and is being to contribute to insight into the history of human culture. [1] An event to enjoy making crystals by origami is under contemplation. [2] The symposium ""Crystallography which revives heritages"" was held on February 16, 2014 at Atami in Japan."

Phenolic acids and phenylpropanoids have an important biological activity and are therapeutic agents of crude drugs. Development of validated analysis techniques of these phytotherapeutic agents (fingerprinting and assay procedures) is an important practice for efficacy, safety, and quality control of herbal drug preparations. The aim of the present work was to study analytical capabilities of the evaluation of selected phenolic acids and phenylpropanoids: caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, cinnamic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, protocatechuic (3,4-dihydroxybenzoic) acid, rosmarinic acid, vanillic acid, and vanillin. Optimization and validation procedures of rapid and simple method of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography were carried out. The mobile phase of the optimized chromatographic method consisted of methanol and 0.5% acetic acid solvent in water. For the application of method, two kinds of raw materials were chosen: propolis and the Herba Origani. Coumaric acid is the dominating phenolic acid of propolis (2785 mg/g). Results of analysis of Herba Origani demonstrated high quantities (6376 mg/g) of rosmarinic and protocatechuic (1485 mg/g) acids in the samples.

The paper wrapping is one of traditional cultures in Japan, like the paper folding Origami. The technical interest is related to how to decorate goods beautifully along the shapes, and also the requests from daily-life usage are to resolve how to protect goods from external shocks, to carry out materials/goods safely, and so on. Thus, the paper wrapping is intelligent and creative work. This paper addresses a method which can design the target-oriented wrapping procedure successfully and support users’ wrapping works effectively. In order to attain this objective, the authors introduce the knowledge usable in the paper wrapping process and then construct a stage tree to represent various kinds of wrapping means systematically under this knowledge. The authors propose a framework which makes up the paper wrapping process so as to be appropriate to individual target-objects and describe an approach to support the wrapping process visually.

RESUMO
 No presente artigo, expomos, brevemente, o desenvolvimento e resultado de uma pesquisa que relacionou o preconceito linguístico à educação. Postulamos que o preconceito linguístico é social, mas que somente por meio da escola é possível realizar algo efetivo que o combata. Trabalhamos com a Teoria Sociolinguística e com a pedagogia freireana (FREIRE, 1980) realizando discussões com professores e alunos da educação básica sobre conceitos da variação e preconceito linguístico. Como resultado, pudemos perceber uma mudança na postura e reconhecimento dos professores e alunos com relação à existência e malefícios do preconceito linguístico e a relevância do desenvolvimento de atividades que proponham a conscientização a respeito do tema.
 
 PALAVRAS-CHAVE: preconceito linguístico; sociedade; escola.
 ABSTRACT
 In this article, we briefly explain the development and the results of a study interrelating linguistic prejudice with education. We assume that linguistic prejudice is a social phenomena, which can only be effectively confronted in school. This work is grounded in Sociolinguistics theory and Freire's pedagogy (Freire, 1980) by holding discussions about the concepts of variation and linguistic prejudice among teachers and students of basic education. As a result, we could see a change in teachers’ and students’ attitudes as well as their understanding regarding the existence and dangers of linguistic prejudice. Also, the relevance of the development of these kinds of activities which foster awareness on this issue proved to be of utmost importance.
 
 KEYWORDS: linguistic prejudice; society; school.
 
 
 RESUMEN
 En el presente artículo, exponemos, brevemente, el desarrollo y resultado de una investigación que relacionó la discriminación lingüística a la educación. Postulamos que la discriminación lingüística es social, pero que solamente a través de la escuela es posible realizar algo efectivo que lo combata. Trabajamos con la Teoría Sociolingüística y con la pedagogía freireana (FREIRE, 1980) realizando discusiones con los maestros y alumnos de la educación básica sobre conceptos da variación y la discriminación lingüística. Como resultado, notamos un cambio en la na postura y reconocimiento de los maestros y alumnos con relación a la existencia y maleficios de la discriminación lingüística y la relevancia del desenvolvimiento de actividades que propongan la concientización a respecto del tema.
 
 PALABRAS CLAVES: discriminación lingüistica; sociedad; escuela.