Relevant bibliographies by topics / Origin and destination survey

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Origin and destination survey'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Origin and destination survey"

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Kuwahara, Masao, and Edward C. Sullivan. "Estimating origin-destination matrices from roadside survey data." Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 21, no. 3 (1987): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-2615(87)90006-3.

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Jou, Yow-Jen, Hsun-Jung Cho, Pei-Wei Lin, and Chih-Yin Wang. "Incomplete Information Analysis for the Origin-Destination Survey Table." Journal of Urban Planning and Development 132, no. 4 (2006): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9488(2006)132:4(193).

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Nurbaeti, Nurbaeti, Janianton Damanik, Muhammad Baiquni, and Nopirin Nopirin. "DAYA SAING TEKNOLOGI DESTINASI PARIWISATA DKI JAKARTA BERDASARKAN PERSEPSI WISATAWAN." Kepariwisataan: Jurnal Ilmiah 9, no. 03 (2015): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47256/kepariwisataan.v9i03.137.

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This study aims to examine and analyze the use of technology in improving the competitiveness of the tourism destination based on tourists’ perception, and also to see the difference level of technology competitiveness. This research has been conducted specifically to analyse the technology competitiveness at the three main tourist destinations mentioned above based on the visitors’s perception, and why the perception could be different. This study is a survey research which explains social phenomena and causal relationship among the variables of socio-economic characteristics (group of origin, level of education, and and income level) towards the competitiveness of technology parameter in the three tourist destination through hypothesis testing. Information was collected from 300 respondents using the questionnaire, and for each tourist destination, for the-100 respondent, the unit analyzed are individuals (tourists). Sample are tourists to the three main destinations in Jakarta during May, August, and September 2014. The selected samples are those who have visited the three different tourist destination within the last three years whose age are 15 years or more. The collected data were then analyzed using Kruskall-Walls statistical test, i.e. nonparametric analysis instrument to see whether there are any difference between two conditions. Based on group of origin, level of education, and income level of the respondents, the results showed have no differences in perception to technology competitiveness of the three tourist destinations.
 Keywords: tourist destination, tourists’ perception, tourism destination competitiveness
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Egu, Oscar, and Patrick Bonnel. "How comparable are origin-destination matrices estimated from automatic fare collection, origin-destination surveys and household travel survey? An empirical investigation in Lyon." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 138 (August 2020): 267–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2020.05.021.

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Chapleau, Robert, Martin Trέpanier, Pierre Lavigueur, and Bruno Allard. "Origin-Destination Survey Data Dissemination in Metropolitan Context: A Multimedia Experience." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1551, no. 1 (1996): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196155100104.

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Since the early 1970s, the Montreal Urban Community Transit Commission has held a series of six major origin-destination surveys in the greater Montreal area. These studies, which include approximately 50,000 households per survey, benefit from a totally disaggregate approach. This framework permits the spatialization of each trip end at the x-y coordinate level and associates multiple variables to every recorded trip. The dissemination of such a vast quantity of data requires different levels of resolution with respect to processing methods and software, zonal aggregation, itineraries, and sociodemographic variables. In this context, two tools have been created for public use: MADEOD (Origin-Destination Survey Data Disaggregate Analysis Model) and MADGEN (Trip Generator Disaggregate Analysis Model). Because of the recent and rapid evolution of multimedia technology, these tools have been developed in an interactive Microsoft Excel worksheet format and in hypertext markup language for the Groupe MADITUC's World Wide Web site on the Internet. Stand-alone multimedia presentations and a Windows help file have also been developed for tutorial use.
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Sánchez-Martínez, Gabriel E. "Inference of Public Transportation Trip Destinations by Using Fare Transaction and Vehicle Location Data." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2652, no. 1 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2652-01.

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Origin–destination matrices provide vital information for service planning, operations planning, and performance measurement of public transportation systems. In recent years, methodological advances have been made in the estimation of origin–destination matrices from disaggregate fare transaction and vehicle location data. Unlike manual origin–destination surveys, these methods provide nearly complete spatial and temporal coverage at minimal marginal cost. Early models inferred destinations on the basis of the proximity of possible destinations to the next origin and disregarded the effect of waiting time, in-vehicle time, and the number of transfers on path choice. The research reported here formulated a dynamic programming model that inferred destinations of public transportation trips on the basis of a generalized disutility minimization objective. The model inferred paths and transfers on multileg journeys and worked on systems that served a mix of gated stations and ungated stops. The model is being used to infer destinations of public transportation trips in Boston, Massachusetts, and is producing better results than could be obtained with earlier models.
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Harrison, Robert. "Using Brokers to Determine North American Free Trade Agreement Truck Origins and Destinations at Texas-Mexico Border." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1719, no. 1 (2000): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1719-17.

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U.S.-Mexico trade continues to grow, much of it crossing into Texas, where bridges over the Rio Grande carry the vehicular and rail traffic. Currently, more than 70 percent of North American Free Trade Agreement U.S.-Mexico trade is by truck, and substantial delays and other social costs are a feature of border port-of-entry systems. New bridge locations are being proposed, and each site must be carefully evaluated to ensure that it is economically feasible. As part of this evaluation process, origin and destination surveys are used to determine bridge location and demand. Many of the truck trailers are moved by drayage companies or by drivers who have not brought the load from its origin or who will deliver it to the final destination. It is argued that surveys of these drivers are flawed and give limited data. A report is made on a method with which to interview and survey customs brokers to derive truck origin and destination data; this report was successfully employed at the Anzalduas International Bridge site near McAllen, Texas. Because many ports of entry in Texas are similar to McAllen, the survey method can be applied across the whole border.
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Gómez-Déniz, Emilio, Jorge V. Pérez-Rodríguez, and José Boza-Chirino. "Modelling tourist expenditure at origin and destination." Tourism Economics 26, no. 3 (2019): 437–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354816619840845.

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This article proposes a model of foreign tourist expenditure, based on expenditure in the country of origin (i.e. reservation of accommodation and transport) and on goods and services at the destination. The study focuses on two measures reflecting the two types of expenditure: the tourist budget share and the difference in growth rates between expenditure at origin and at destination. The random nature of each of these variables is taken into account. The tourist budget share is determined using a fractional response model, based on the beta distribution. This approach allows us to accommodate certain aspects of the empirical budget share distribution, such as skewness, and to represent the results as bounded between 0 and 1, but also to include covariates. The empirical analysis was conducted using data obtained by the Canary Islands Tourist Expenditure Survey, focusing on German and British tourists in particular. The results obtained show that the fractional regression model proposed represents the behaviour of the relevant variables reasonably well and surpasses the performance of the linear regression model.
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Blum, Jeremy J., Anoop Sridhar, and Tom V. Mathew. "Origin–Destination Matrix Generation from Boarding–Alighting and Household Survey Data." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2183, no. 1 (2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2183-01.

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Bhat, Suhail Ahmad, and Mushtaq Ahmad Darzi. "Antecedents of tourist loyalty to tourist destinations: a mediated-moderation study." International Journal of Tourism Cities 4, no. 2 (2018): 261–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijtc-12-2017-0079.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of destination image on satisfaction level and tourist loyalty toward the various tourist destinations in Jammu and Kashmir. The study, also, attempted to investigate the mediating role of satisfaction and moderating role of gender, past experience and tourist origin in the proposed model.Design/methodology/approachThe study was carried out in the state of Jammu and Kashmir spread over three divisions, i.e., Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh. The study employs questionnaire survey method for data collection. Purposive sampling was adopted for data collection and data analysis was carried out through exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling techniques.FindingsThe study has found that cognitive image, affective image and unique image are the significant dimensions of destination image, which in turn has a positive effect on satisfaction level and tourist loyalty. It was also found that destination image has both direct and indirect effect on tourist loyalty.Research limitations/implicationsThe state of Jammu and Kashmir has been badly affected by ongoing political instability, which has caused huge losses to the tourism industry. The results of the study will be helpful to policymakers in designing various strategies and programs for maximizing tourist inflow and growth of tourism industry in the state of Jammu and Kashmir.Practical implicationsFurther, finding of the study will assist destination managers in understanding consumer behavior for promoting destination shopping activities. This will enhance tourist expenditure at destinations and thus provides direct benefits to the local economy.Originality/valueVery little research has been conducted on moderating role of gender, past experience and tourist origin in the destination image and its association with satisfaction and tourist loyalty in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Managing destination image and quality of tourist experience are critical to induce favorable expectations of destination in the tourist’s mind.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Origin and destination survey"

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Gan, Liping. "Optimal traffic counting location for origin-destination matrix estimation /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2002. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202002%20GAN.

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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2002.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-106). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Wang, Qian. "Smartphone-based Household Travel Survey - a Literature Review, an App, and a Pilot Survey." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700116/.

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High precision data from household travel survey (HTS) is extremely important for the transportation research, traffic models and policy formulation. Traditional methods of data collection were imprecise because they relied on people’s memories of trip information, such as date and location, and the remainder data had to be obtained by certain supplemental tools. The traditional methods suffered from intensive labor, large time consumption, and unsatisfactory data precision. Recent research trends to employ smartphone apps to collect HTS data. In this study, there are two goals to be addressed. First, a smartphone app is developed to realize a smartphone-based method only for data collection. Second, the researcher evaluates whether this method can supply or replace the traditional tools of HTS. Based on this premise, the smartphone app, TravelSurvey, is specially developed and used for this study. TravelSurvey is currently compatible with iPhone 4 or higher and iPhone Operating System (iOS) 6 or higher, except iPhone 6 or iPhone 6 plus and iOS 8. To evaluate the feasibility, eight individuals are recruited to participate in a pilot HTS. Afterwards, seven of them are involved in a semi-structured interview. The interview is designed to collect interviewees’ feedback directly, so the interview mainly concerns the users’ experience of TravelSurvey. Generally, the feedback is positive. In this study, the pilot HTS data is successfully uploaded to the server by the participants, and the interviewees prefer this smartphone-based method. Therefore, as a new tool, the smartphone-based method feasibly supports a typical HTS for data collection.
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Rama-Murthy, Krishna. "Modeling of United States Airline Fares -- Using the Official Airline Guide (OAG) and Airline Origin and Destination Survey (DB1B)." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35533.

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Prediction of airline fares within the United States including Alaska & Hawaii is required for transportation mode choice modeling in impact analysis of new modes such as NASA's Small Airplane Transportation System (SATS). Developing an aggregate cost model i.e. a 'generic fare model' of the disaggregated airline fares is required to measure the cost of air travel. In this thesis, the ratio of average fare to distance i.e. fare per mile and average fare is used as a measure of this cost model. The thesis initially determines the Fare Class categories to be used for Coach and Business class for the analysis .The thesis then develops a series of 'generic fare models' using round trip distance traveled as an independent variable. The thesis also develops a set of models to estimate average fare for any origin and destination pair in the US. The factors considered by these models are: the round trip distance traveled between the origin (o) and destination (d), the type of fare class chosen by the traveler (first, business class and unrestricted coach class and restricted coach class), the type of airport (large hub, medium hub, small hub, or non hub), whether or not the route is served by a low cost airline and the airline market concentration between the o-d pair. The models suggest that competition at the destination airport is more critical than the competition at origin airport for coach class fares and vice a versa for business class fares. Models suggested in this thesis predict air fares with R-square values of 0.3 to 0.75.<br>Master of Science
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Lu, Dawei. "Route Level Bus Transit Passenger Origin-Destination Flow Estimation Using Apc Data: Numerical And Empirical Investigations." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1228268640.

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Arora, Namita. "Dynamic estimation of origin-destination trip-tables from real-time traffic volumes using parameter optimization methods." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11102009-020100/.

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Unnikrishnan, Avinash. "Equilibrium models accounting for uncertainty and information provision in transportation networks." [Austin, Tex. : University of Texas Libraries, 2008. http://www.lib.utexas.edu/etd/d/2008/unnikrishnana67041/unnikrishnana67041.pdf#page=3.

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Gericke, Kevin Louis. "Multiple destination trips and the economic valuation of outdoor recreation sites." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29320.

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This study examines multiple destination recreation trips and the economic valuation of recreation sites using the travel cost method. One common assumption of the travel cost method is that all travel costs incurred by a visitor are exclusively for a trip to a single site. However, this assumption is often invalid, particularly in the eastern United States where there are numerous recreation areas close to large urban populations. Few researchers have attempted to overcome the difficulty of incorporating multiple destination trips into the travel cost method. Those researchers that have proposed methods have not provided a definitive guideline for how to account for multiple destination trips in the travel cost method, and have not compared their methods. This study proposes a simple model to assist in understanding the varying suggestions by researchers who have attempted to incorporate multiple destination trips into travel cost analyses. The difficulty of defining a recreation good or service, the identification of recreation substitutes, and possible decision processes used by individuals to identify recreation trip destinations are also discussed. Data collected at Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, are used in a zonal travel cost model to estimate the consumers' surplus associated with on-site recreation use at the Park, and to compare proposed methods for handling multiple destination trips. The results of this study show that the travel cost method is sensitive to assumptions about multiple destination visitors, as well as which visitors are included in travel cost analyses. Consumers' surplus estimates ranged from $38 to $8249 per visitor, depending on the assumptions about multiple destination trips, and which visitors were included in the analyses. The results of this study suggest that the travel cost method can be used as an information system, rather than as a method to determine a single estimate of recreation value in monetary terms. The travel cost method is capable of providing a manager with information about relative magnitudes of willingness to pay for a resource by a variety of visitor groups. By varying the assumptions about visitors to the site, a manager can determine a range of consumers' surplus estimates, which may be more useful than a single estimate, to better assist in management decisions regarding the mixture of resources desired by individuals.<br>Ph. D.
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Ribeiro, Marcelle Dorneles. "Tecnologia GPS em pesquisa de origem e destino." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/101182.

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As pesquisas de origem e destino (Pesquisas O/D) são tradicionalmente realizadas a partir do relato dos participantes de todas as viagens ocorridas nos últimos dias. No entanto, uma série de estudos realizados recentemente aponta que existem equívocos nos relatos dos participantes nas pesquisas O/D tradicionais, principalmente em relação à distância e ao tempo dos percursos relatados. Esses estudos apontam a utilização da tecnologia GPS (Global Positioning System) como uma forma confiável para a obtenção de informações sobre cada etapa de viagem. A tecnologia GPS, apesar de suas limitações, está disponível popularmente nos últimos anos e apresenta resultados significativos de registros em tempo real, inclusive de viagens curtas. Dessa forma, foram levantadas as experiências internacionais de estudos de pesquisas O/D segmentadas por etapa de viagem, utilizando a tecnologia GPS. Com base nisso, foi aplicada uma pesquisa de origem e destino na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre com GPS e com Entrevistas posteriores. Os estudos estrangeiros apontam que essa é a melhor forma para obtenção dos dados e minimização dos erros. Os dados coletados na pesquisa O/D foram tabulados em um banco de dados e as informações registradas foram tratadas em softwares gráficos gratuítos. Sendo assim, foi possível cruzar os dados relatados pelos participantes na entrevista com os dados registrados pelo aparelho GPS. As análises apontam que todos os indivíduos apresentaram discrepâncias no relato da duração e da distância, em comparação aos dados efetivamente registrados. Essas discrepâncias foram tanto positivas quanto negativas. As implicações dessas diferenças entre os dados relatados e registrados no GPS para fins de modelagem foram vistas nos modelos de escolha modal Logit Multinomial elaborados. O modelo elaborado a partir de dados registrados pelo GPS aponta ajustes apropriados e resultado significativo de variáveis. O modelo elaborado com base nos dados relatados não se comporta como o esperado, conforme as hipóteses previamente estabelecidas, e apresenta variáveis não significativas.<br>Origin and destination surveys are traditionally made from the participants' reports of all trips occurring in the last days, known as Diary Trip. However, a number of recent studies show that there are mistakes in the accounts of participants in traditional origin and destinations surveys, especially in relation to distance and time. These studies point the use of GPS (Global Positioning System) technology as a reliable way to obtain information about each trip leg. GPS technology, despite its limitations, is popularly available in recent years and presents significant results of real-time records, including short trips. Therefore, we surveyed the experiences of international origin and destination studies segmented by leg trip, using GPS technology. Based on this, a origin and destination survey was applied in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre with GPS and Diary Trip. Foreign studies indicate that this is the best way to obtain the data and minimizing errors. The data collected in the origin and destination survey were tabulated in a database and the information recorded was treated in free graphics software. Therefore, it was possible to cross the data reported by the participants in the Diary Trips with the data recorded by the GPS. The analyzes suggest that all subjects had discrepancies in reporting the duration and distance, compared to the data actually reported. These discrepancies have been both positive and negative. The implications of these differences, between reported and recorded on the GPS data, for modeling, can be seeing in the modal choice model Multinomial Logit elaborate. The model developed from data recorded by the GPS indicates appropriate adjustments and significant outcome variables. The model developed based on reported data does not behave as expected, as previously established hypotheses, and presents no significant variables.
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Svab, Haydée. "Evolução dos padrões de deslocamento na região metropolitana de São Paulo: a necessidade de uma análise de gênero." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-30092016-142308/.

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O presente trabalho aborda questões relativas a análises de comportamento da demanda por transportes jogando luz sobre as questões de gênero. A revisão de literatura explora os conceitos de gênero, mobilidade e acessibilidade, bem como busca apresentar resultados de estudos que analisaram o que ocorre nas intersecções destes conceitos. Para investigar a sobreposição dessas áreas na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo foram utilizados os dados das Pesquisas Origem Destino de 1977, 1987, 1997 e 2007 da Cia. do Metropolitano de São Paulo. Esta dissertação 1 estuda longitudinalmente os padrões de mobilidade e investiga a hipótese de que existem diferenças entre os padrões de mobilidade feminino e masculino. Foi construído um banco de dados unificado, base necessária para a elaboração de estatísticas descritivas, análises de conglomerados e regressões logísticas que pretenderam identificar grupos de comportamentos semelhantes, traçar os perfis dos grupos formados e elencar variáveis dependentes e explicativas relevantes para concepção de modelos de análise desagregada de demanda de transportes. Os grupos formados na análise de conglomerados majoritariamente coincidiram com os anos das pesquisas, comprovando a necessidade de se fazer análises longitudinais. Por fim, foi realizada outra segmentação articulando as variáveis sexo e situação familiar, buscando melhor caracterizar o gênero como categoria de análise. Para esta última segmentação, foram realizadas regressões quasi-poisson considerando as variáveis relevantes indicadas nas etapas anteriores. A partir desse conjunto de regressões, assim como algumas estatísticas descritivas já davam pistas, foram encontradas diferenças no número total de viagens de homens e mulheres condicionados a diferentes papeis familiares. A compreensão de que grupos de diferentes perfis sócio-econômicos têm diferentes mobilidades e acessibilidades pode beneficiar a área de planejamento de transportes a desenvolver políticas voltadas a algum segmento de interesse e, assim, fazer uso mais eficientes dos recursos públicos. Palavras-chaves: O presente trabalho aborda questões relativas a análises de comportamento da demanda por transportes jogando luz sobre as questões de gênero. A revisão de literatura explora os conceitos de gênero, mobilidade e acessibilidade, bem como busca apresentar resultados de estudos que analisaram o que ocorre nas intersecções destes conceitos. Para investigar a sobreposição dessas áreas na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo foram utilizados os dados das Pesquisas Origem Destino de 1977, 1987, 1997 e 2007 da Cia. do Metropolitano de São Paulo. Esta dissertação 1 estuda longitudinalmente os padrões de mobilidade e investiga a hipótese de que existem diferenças entre os padrões de mobilidade feminino e masculino. Foi construído um banco de dados unificado, base necessária para a elaboração de estatísticas descritivas, análises de conglomerados e regressões logísticas que pretenderam identificar grupos de comportamentos semelhantes, traçar os perfis dos grupos formados e elencar variáveis dependentes e explicativas relevantes para concepção de modelos de análise desagregada de demanda de transportes. Os grupos formados na análise de conglomerados majoritariamente coincidiram com os anos das pesquisas, comprovando a necessidade de se fazer análises longitudinais. Por fim, foi realizada outra segmentação articulando as variáveis sexo e situação familiar, buscando melhor caracterizar o gênero como categoria de análise. Para esta última segmentação, foram realizadas regressões quasi-poisson considerando as variáveis relevantes indicadas nas etapas anteriores. A partir desse conjunto de regressões, assim como algumas estatísticas descritivas já davam pistas, foram encontradas diferenças no número total de viagens de homens e mulheres condicionados a diferentes papeis familiares. A compreensão de que grupos de diferentes perfis sócio-econômicos têm diferentes mobilidades e acessibilidades pode beneficiar a área de planejamento de transportes a desenvolver políticas voltadas a algum segmento de interesse e, assim, fazer uso mais eficientes dos recursos públicos.<br>The study focus on the analysis of travel behavior from the perspective of gender. The literature review explores the concepts of gender, mobility and acessibility, searching for results in the intersection of these concepts. The study uses data from the Origin- Destination surveys for the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo, conducted in 1997, 1987, 1997 and 2007. Longitudinal analyses using different approaches explore the hypothesis that there are systematic differences in travel and activity patterns between genders. A unified database was constructed, allowing the longitudinal analysis of descriptive statistics, to perform cluster analysis and to estimate logistic regressions. The results allowed the identification of groups of similar behavior, to look at their composition and to select relevant dependent and explanatory variables for disaggregate modelling of travel demand. Groups resulting from cluster analysis have coincided with each of the four data collection periods, confirming the need to conduct longitudinal analyses. To better represent the concept of gender, a combination of the variables sex and position in family structure were used to define segments for analysis with quasi-poisson regression, using variables selected from previous stages of analysis. The results indicate significant differences in the daily number of trips between men and women, conditioned by their family roles. The understanding of these differences can improve transportation planning and policy making.
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Egu-Festas, Oscar. "Apports des données passives à la compréhension des comportements de mobilité ? : Enjeux pour la planification et l'organisation des transports en commun." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE2055.

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Les réseaux de transport en commun sont des systèmes critiques pour le bon fonctionnement des villes. Ces systèmes doivent être planifiées et organisés avec rigueur en s'appuyant sur un dispositif de collecte et d'analyse des données.L'ambition de cette thèse est de s'interroger sur la pertinence de ce dispositif et sur l'apport des nouvelles sources de données passives. Quatre axes de recherches sont explorés : la mesure de la fraude, l'estimation de la demande sous forme de matrices origine-destination, l'étude de la variabilité des comportements de déplacements et la prédiction moyen-terme de la fréquentation. Ces travaux montrent que les données passives offrent des opportunités intéressantes pour améliorer la planification des réseaux de transport en commun<br>Public transit networks are critical systems for the proper functioning of cities.These systems must be rigorously planned and organized based on data collection and data analysis. The ambition of this thesis is to question the relevance of this mechanism and the contribution of new passive data sources. Four research axes are explored : the measurement of fare evasion, the estimation of demand in the form of origin-destination matrices, the study of the variability of travel behavior and the prediction of medium-term ridership. This work shows that passive data offer interesting opportunities to improve the planning of public transit networks
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Books on the topic "Origin and destination survey"

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Majeed, Abdul. Road traffic origin destination survey, 1990. Govt. of Pakistan, Planning Commission, National Transport Centre, 1992.

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Borland, D. J. An Origin-destination survey method for small town bypasses. An Foras Forbartha, 1985.

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Ochoa, Don. 1991 statewide travel survey: Summary of findings. The Department, 1992.

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Bradshaw, Catherine. Origin and destination studies literature search results. Washington State Dept. of Transportation, 1999.

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Arribasplata, Malena. Analysis of origin/destination survey highway 401 & highway 7A in Durham region. Ontario Ministry of Transportation, Transportation Demand Research Office, 1989.

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California. Dept. of Transportation. California statewide household travel survey, 2000-2001: Final report. NuStats, 2002.

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Statistics, United States Bureau of Transportation. The 1995 American travel survey: Microdata file, ASCII. U.S. Bureau of Transportation Statistics, 1997.

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Ochoa, Don L. 1991 statewide travel survey: Final report. California, Dept. of Transportation, Office of Traffic Improvement, 1993.

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Africa, Statistics South. National Household Travel Survey, 2013: Technical report. Statistics South Africa, 2014.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on Business, Trade, and Tourism. Travel and tourism statistics: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Business, Trade, and Tourism of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session ... October 1, 1986. U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Origin and destination survey"

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Jin, Jangwon. "Estimating a Transit Passenger Trip Origin–Destination Matrix Using Simplified Survey Method." In Wireless Communications, Networking and Applications. Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2580-5_10.

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Ribeiro, João, André Zúquete, and Susana Sargento. "Survey of Passengers’ Origin-Destination in Public Transportation Networks Using Wi-Fi." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26633-2_18.

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Melikov, Pierre, Jeremy A. Kho, Vincent Fighiera, et al. "Characterizing Urban Mobility Patterns: A Case Study of Mexico City." In Urban Informatics. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8983-6_11.

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AbstractSeamless access to destinations of value such as workplaces, schools, parks or hospitals, influences the quality of life of people all over the world. The first step to planning and improving proximity to services is to estimate the number of trips being made from different parts of a city. A challenge has been representative data available for that purpose. Relying on expensive and infrequently collected travel surveys for modeling trip distributions to facilities has slowed down the decision-making process. The growing abundance of data already collected, if analyzed with the right methods, can help us with planning and understanding cities. In this chapter, we examine human mobility patterns extracted from data passively collected. We present results on the use of points of interest (POIs) registered on Google Places to approximate trip attraction in a city. We compare the result of trip distribution models that utilize only POIs with those utilizing conventional data sets, based on surveys. We show that an extended radiation model provides very good estimates when compared with the official origin–destination matrices from the latest census in Mexico City.
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Hickman, M. "Transit Origin-Destination Estimation." In Public Transport Planning with Smart Card Data. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315370408-4.

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Li, T., and S. Chen. "Origin–Destination Flow Measurement." In SpringerBriefs in Computer Science. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4851-8_4.

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Liu, Shudong, Liaoyuan Zhang, and Xu Chen. "Travel Destination Prediction Based on Origin-Destination Data." In Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50454-0_30.

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Einstein, David M., and Lee K. Jones. "Uniformly Generating Origin Destination Tables." In Information Theory, Combinatorics, and Search Theory. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36899-8_8.

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Assunção, Renato Martins, and Danilo Lourenço Lopes. "Testing association between origin-destination spatial locations." In Advances in Geoinformatics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73414-7_19.

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Kumo, Kazuhiro. "Interregional Migration: Analysis of Origin-to-Destination Matrix." In Demography of Russia. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51850-7_8.

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Cura, Rodrigo René, Romina Stickar, Claudio Delrieux, Fernando Tohmé, Leo Ordinez, and Damián Barry. "Modeling the Origin-Destination Matrix with Incomplete Information." In Ubiquitous Computing and Ambient Intelligence. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67585-5_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Origin and destination survey"

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Tao Li and Baik Hojong. "Inferring complete demand and actual capacity information from the airline origin and destination survey." In 2013 Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnsurv.2013.6548577.

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Li, Tao, and Hojong Baik. "Inferring complete demand and actual capacity information from the airline origin and destination survey." In 2013 Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnsurv.2013.6548673.

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Putriani, Okkie, and Sigit Priyanto. "Optimization Big Data Real-time Analytics Using Mobile Phone Data in Origin Destination National Transportation (ATTN) Survey." In Proceedings of the 11th Asia Pacific Transportation and the Environment Conference (APTE 2018). Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/apte-18.2019.39.

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Thomaz, Guilherme, Denis Mauá, and Leliane Barros. "A Contact Network-Based Approach for Online Planning of Containment Measures for COVID-19." In Encontro Nacional de Inteligência Artificial e Computacional. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/eniac.2020.12132.

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We use data from the 2017 Origin-Destination survey to build a representative contact network for the city of São Paulo, where individuals are connected by different social relations (school, work, neighborhood, household). The network is used to devise a discrete time and state compartmental model for the spread of the COVID-19. We employed the model to compare different mitigation strategies. The results show that even simple Monte Carlo planners greatly improve the performance over reactive strategies in terms of balancing the economical and the health impacts of non-pharmaceutical interventions.
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Sulaimanova, Burulcha, and Daniyar Jasoolov. "International Migration in Kyrgyzstan: Dynamics and Determinants." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01831.

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After disintegration of Soviet Union, mass labor migration has been seen in newly independent states. This migration mostly caused by ethnic reasons, while after mid of 1990's the migration predominantly reasoned by economic issues, such as differences in economic growth, wage levels, social conditions and welfare in countries of destination and origin. Due to labor migration in Kyrgyzstan, which is count around the 10 % percent of active population of the country, and high remittance inflow, which is more than 30 % of Gross Domestic Product of Kyrgyzstan, it is important to investigate the factors causing this migration outflow. This paper aims to empirically present the determinants of international migration outflow from Kyrgyzstan, by using nationally representative "Life in Kyrgyzstan 2011" survey.
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Sarsam, Saad I. "Implementation of Surveying Techniques in the Route Selection for Baghdad Metro Tube." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARCHITECTURAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING 2020. Cihan University-Erbil, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/aces2020/paper.176.

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Transportation systems play a central role in a sustainable society by providing mobility for people, goods, and services. Significant sustainability benefits are being derived through the improvements in transportation network efficiency, use of alternative modes and multimodality, integration of sustainable design, better integration of land use and transportation systems. Sustainable transportation system usually refers to any means of transportation which has low impact on the environment, affordable to users and can balance the current and future needs. This work covers the implementation of surveying techniques in the route selection for Baghdad Metro Tube. The travel demand has been assessed through an extensive travel potential survey. The public bus terminals were considered as a major source of data. The number of passengers using the present public transportation system from each bus terminal and for each route to various destinations has been recorded. The passenger supply points have been indicated by latitude and longitude that define the bus stop and the proposed metro route using global positioning system GPS. A passenger counting data was collected concerning the present use of public transport. A line indicates travel from one area to another and a grid was constructed. The present bus routes were identified, and the 28 major and minor public transportation terminals, which represent the passenger trip origin and destination nodes, were detected using GPS. The bus terminals were also positioned by the GPS and affixed. The recent land use of Baghdad urban area and the existing transportation network as obtained from Google earth were utilized in the geographic information system GIS environment. Travel corridors are identified and analyzed according to their existing right-of-way conditions, transit services, land use, and demographics.The positive and negative attributes of each corridor with regards to their potential for supporting transitoriented development TOD and higher capacity transit services have been determined through optimization process in the GIS. Finally, five corridors of the highest trip potential have been selected and proposed.
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Lu, Alex, Thomas Marchwinski, Robert Culhane, and Xiaojing Wei. "Estimation of Pre-COVID19 Daily Ridership Patterns From Paper and Electronic Ticket Sales Data With Origin-Destination, Time-Of-Day, and Train-Start Detail on a Commuter Railroad: Quick-Response Big Data Analytics in a World Steeped With Tradition." In 2021 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2021-59109.

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Abstract Our niche method independently estimates hourly commuter rail station-to-station origin-destination (OD) matrix data each day from ticket sales and activation data from four sales channels (paper/mobile tickets, mail order, and onboard sales) by extending well-established transportation modelling methodologies. This algorithm’s features include: (1) handles multi-pack pay-per-ride fare instruments not requiring electronic validation, like ten-trip paper tickets “punched” onboard by railroad conductors; (2) correctly infers directionality for direction-agnostic ticket-types; (3) estimates unlimited ride ticket utilization patterns sufficiently precisely to inform vehicle assignment/scheduling; (4) provides integer outputs without allowing rounding to affect control totals nor introduce artifacts; (5) deals gracefully with cliff-edge changes in demand, like the COVID19 related lockdown; and (6) allocates hourly traffic to each train-start based on passenger choice. Our core idea is that the time of ticket usage is ultimately a function of the time of sale and ticket type, and mutual transformation is made via probability density functions (“patterns”) given sufficient distribution data. We generated pre-COVID daily OD matrices and will eventually extend this work to post-COVID inputs. Results were provided to operations planners using visual and tabular interfaces. These matrices represent data never previously available by any method; prior OD surveys required 100,000 respondents, and even then could neither provide daily nor hourly levels of detail, and could not monitor special event ridership nor specific seasonal travel such as summer Friday afternoons.
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Losada Rojas, Lisa Lorena, Konstantina “Nadia” Gkritza, and V. Dimitra Pyrialakou. "Assessing the First and Last Mile Problem for Intercity Passenger Rail Service." In 2018 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2018-6172.

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The first and last mile of a trip has been used to describe passenger travel with regards to getting to and from transit stops/stations. Solving the first and last mile (FMLM) problem extends the access to transportation systems and enlarges the number of passengers from a remote community, such as rural areas. The FMLM problem has been addressed in different public transit contexts, mainly within urban areas. However, it is also an important part of the journey in an intercity trip; yet, limited research efforts have been undertaken to examine the FMLM problem that intercity passenger train riders face. This paper fills in this gap and further, aims to identify the best strategies that could serve as a FMLM solution for short distance intercity passenger rail service (i.e., corridors that are less than 750 miles long according to the Passenger Rail Improvement and Investment Act, 2008). The Hoosier State Train (HST) service, a short-distance intercity passenger rail that connects Chicago and Indianapolis four days a week, was chosen as a case of study. The HST has four intermediate stops located in Indiana. For some of those intermediate stops HST is the only intercity public transit service offered to reach either Chicago or Indianapolis. In order to explore opportunities to enhance the HST ridership, an on-board survey was conducted in November and December 2016. The findings of this survey suggested that there are riders who travel from counties further away from a county with a station to reach and complete their journey on the train. Moreover, it was found that most of the respondents drove or rented a car, or were dropped off to reach a train station in Indiana. Unlike the results from the Chicago station, the majority of riders boarding the train from one of the Indiana stations did not use ridesharing services or public transportation. These findings suggest that there is a possible gap into the FMLM travel options for intercity rail riders and alternative options to fill this gap should be considered. This paper discusses the case study results of an accessibility analysis aiming to identify the areas in need of first/last mile service where there are no public transportation services and/or it is costly to reach a station from a desired origin. To that end, a cost surface for the different modes available in the area of study was created to determine the average travel cost to the nearest station. The analysis was carried out in ArcGIS using origin-destination data from the on-board survey, transportation network information from the U.S. Bureau Transportation Statistics, and general transit feed specification (GTFS) data. Subsequently, some of the best strategies identified were modeled around the station (e.g., shuttle buses to/from the station) in order to examine how the accessibility would increase after a strategy implementation. The results of this study may have far-reaching implications for planning strategies that can enhance access to the train stations. Finally, the FMLM strategies could assist intercity passenger rail service providers attract a larger number of passengers.
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Boozarjomehri, Elham, and Gordon R. Lovegrove. "Freight Demand Forecast for a Proposed Railway in Canada With New Approach to Freight Rail Assignment." In 2010 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2010-36270.

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This research examined the freight demand forecast for a new short railway linking the Okanagan Valley in southern British Columbia to American railways in the South (Orville), and to Canadian railways in the North (Kamloops). An Origin-Destination (O-D) table including local, domestic and international demands for the Okanagan freight rail was developed based on available surveys and observed truck freight data. In the absence of data to derive utility functions, the current mode share for each commodity in the base year as well as current elasticities between truck and rail was used to forecast the mode share in the future year. Rail assignment techniques are among the forgotten problems of freight demand forecasting due to their complexities, including: 1) written and unwritten practices of the rail industry, and 2) cost functions that are classically employed in truck or auto assignments. In this study, a comprehensive review was conducted on the rail freight demand assignment techniques. A new assignment procedure was introduced by combining the available mathematical choice models and new initiatives of the Canadian government toward rail industry. Finally, the predicted share of freight rail was assigned to the rail network using three methods, which provided three independent freight demand forecasts. The mid-range forecast was selected as the freight demand for the Okanagan Valley while two others (low/high) were used for sensitivity analysis.
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Yang, Huan, Yu Wang, and Danwei Wang. "Dynamic Origin-Destination Estimation without Historical Origin-Destination Matrices for Microscopic Simulation Platform in Urban Network." In 2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2018.8569241.

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Reports on the topic "Origin and destination survey"

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Fricker, Jon, and Maria Martchouk. Origin-Destination Tools for District Offices. Purdue University, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314329.

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Lakhina, Anukool, Konstantina Papagiannaki, Mark Crovella, Christophe Diot, Eric D. Kolaczyk, and Nina Taft. Analysis of Origin Destination Flows (Raw Data). Defense Technical Information Center, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada466318.

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Guy, Bryan, and Jon Fricker. Guidelines for Data Collection Techniques and Methods for Roadside Station Origin-Destination Studies. Purdue University, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313368.

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Hwang, Ho-Ling, Daniel W. Wilson, Tim Reuscher, Shih-Miao Chin, and Rob D. Taylor. A Pilot Study to Explore Origin-Destination Passenger Travel Flow Patterns at Sub-county Level. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1148864.

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Kim, Joseph J., Samuel Dominguez, and Luis Diaz. Freight Demand Model for Southern California Freeways with Owner–Operator Truck Drivers. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1931.

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This study evaluates the demand for truck-only toll lanes on Southern California freeways with owner–operator truck drivers. The study implemented the stated preference survey method to estimate the value placed by drivers on time, reliability, and safety measures using various scenarios geared towards assessing those values. The project team met face-to-face with owner- operator truck drivers near the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach to understand the drivers’ perspectives regarding truck-only toll lanes on Southern California freeways. A data set containing 31 survey responses is obtained and used for statistical data analysis using analysis of variable (ANOVA) and two sample t-tests. The analysis results showed that 75.27% of the owner– operator truck drivers responded are willing to pay toll fees when they choose routes. The tolerated average toll fees are $13.77/ hr and $12.82/hr for weekdays and weekends, respectively. The analysis results also showed that owner–operator truck drivers will take truck-only toll lanes when they take the routes used in four comparisons out of six comparisons according to the three measures such as values of time, reliability, and safety, despite sharing a common origin and destination. The highest toll fee per mile on any day that drivers are willing to pay when the main factor being compared is value of time is $0.31/mile or $18.35/hr. The toll fees associated with reliability and safety measures are $0.30/mile or $8.94/hr and $0.22/mile or $11.01/hr, respectively. These results are meaningful for legislators and transportation agencies as the behaviors and route choice characteristics of owner–operator truck drivers help them better understand the utility and demand for truck-only toll lanes.
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Scott, J. S. Terrain Sciences Division, Geological Survey of Canada its origin and history from 1972 to 1987. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/223899.

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Ayala-García, Jhorland, Sandy Dall'erba, and William C. Ridley. Externalities of extreme natural disasters on local tax capacity. Banco de la República de Colombia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/dtseru.299.

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This paper studies the impact of extreme weather events on the local tax revenue across Colombian municipalities. We follow a two-step approach to evaluate to what extent a municipality’s tax revenue depends on natural disasters taking place both locally and in its trade partners. In the first step, we estimate a gravity model of bilateral trade and construct a trade flow matrix allowing us to measure the strength of the economic relationships between cities. To do so, we build a novel dataset describing the inter-city trade flows for road transported goods in Colombia for the period 2015–2019. In the second step, we use spatial models to estimate the externalities of extreme weather events. Our results reveal that natural disasters in the destination cities increase the tax revenue in the origin city. We provide evidence of the capacity of trade to mitigate the negative effects of natural disasters.
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Beck, Aaron. RiverOceanPlastic: Land-ocean transfer of plastic debris in the North Atlantic, Cruise No. AL534/2, 05 March – 26 March 2020, Malaga (Spain) – Kiel (Germany). GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/cr_al534-2.

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Cruise AL534/2 is part of a multi-disciplinary research initiative as part of the JPI Oceans project HOTMIC and sought to investigate the origin, transport and fate of plastic debris from estuaries to the oceanic garbage patches. The main focus of the cruise was on the horizontal transfer of plastic debris from major European rivers into shelf regions and on the processes that mediate this transport. Stations were originally chosen to target the outflows of major European rivers along the western Europe coast between Malaga (Spain) and Kiel (Germany), although some modifications were made in response to inclement weather. In total, 16 stations were sampled along the cruise track. The sampling scheme was similar for most stations, and included: 1) a CTD cast to collect water column salinity and temperature profiles, and discrete samples between surface and seafloor, 2) sediment sampling with Van Veen grab and mini-multi corer (mini-MUC), 3) suspended particle and plankton sampling using a towed Bongo net and vertical WP3 net, and 4) surface neusten sampling using a catamaran trawl. At a subset of stations with deep water, suspended particles were collected using in situ pumps deployed on a cable. During transit between stations, surface water samples were collected from the ship’s underway seawater supply, and during calm weather, floating litter was counted by visual survey teams. The samples and data collected on cruise AL534/2 will be used to determine the: (1) abundance of plastic debris in surface waters, as well as the composition of polymer types, originating in major European estuaries and transported through coastal waters, (2) abundance and composition of microplastics (MP) in the water column at different depths from the sea surface to the seafloor including the sediment, (3) abundance and composition of plastic debris in pelagic and benthic organisms (invertebrates), (4) abundance and identity of biofoulers (bacteria, protozoans and metazoans) on the surface of plastic debris from different water depths, (5) identification of chemical compounds (“additives”) in the plastic debris and in water samples.
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Romania. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nrro.2020.12.

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This report describes a particular situation of young population in Romania: the population of NEETs, with a focus on rural NEETs.Based on a complex methodology which uses data from different national sources (INS) and international sources (Eurostat, EU Labour Force Survey-EU-LFS, OECD),this report gives an overview of the evolution and particularities of NEETs in Romania during the previous deca-de, namely 2009-2019.Within the last ten years, the population of NEETs in Romania has grown rapidly, placing Ro-mania in first place in the EU-28 in terms of the share of this population among the young population. Thus, in 2009 Romania with a NEET rate of 13.9%, occupied first places in the EU, along with Bulgaria (19.5%), Italy (17.5%), Latvia (17.5%) (Eurostat, 2020). A decade later, in Bulgaria and Latvia, the NEET rate decreased significantly to 13.7% and 7.9%, respectively, but in Romania and Italy it increased by more than 1pp: 14.7% in Romania and 18.1% in Italy. (Eurostat, 2020). The causes for this are both individual (way of life, socio-familial origin, expectations and aspirations) and socio-economic (accessibility of the education system, development of lifelong learning, correspondence between education and labour market demand, particu-larities of the Romanian labour market, socio-economic policies supported by central and local authorities, etc.)
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Payment Systems Report - June of 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2020.

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With its annual Payment Systems Report, Banco de la República offers a complete overview of the infrastructure of Colombia’s financial market. Each edition of the report has four objectives: 1) to publicize a consolidated account of how the figures for payment infrastructures have evolved with respect to both financial assets and goods and services; 2) to summarize the issues that are being debated internationally and are of interest to the industry that provides payment clearing and settlement services; 3) to offer the public an explanation of the ideas and concepts behind retail-value payment processes and the trends in retail payments within the circuit of individuals and companies; and 4) to familiarize the public, the industry, and all other financial authorities with the methodological progress that has been achieved through applied research to analyze the stability of payment systems. This edition introduces changes that have been made in the structure of the report, which are intended to make it easier and more enjoyable to read. The initial sections in this edition, which is the eleventh, contain an analysis of the statistics on the evolution and performance of financial market infrastructures. These are understood as multilateral systems wherein the participating entities clear, settle and register payments, securities, derivatives and other financial assets. The large-value payment system (CUD) saw less momentum in 2019 than it did the year before, mainly because of a decline in the amount of secondary market operations for government bonds, both in cash and sell/buy-backs, which was offset by an increase in operations with collective investment funds (CIFs) and Banco de la República’s operations to increase the money supply (repos). Consequently, the Central Securities Depository (DCV) registered less activity, due to fewer negotiations on the secondary market for public debt. This trend was also observed in the private debt market, as evidenced by the decline in the average amounts cleared and settled through the Central Securities Depository of Colombia (Deceval) and in the value of operations with financial derivatives cleared and settled through the Central Counterparty of Colombia (CRCC). Section three offers a comprehensive look at the market for retail-value payments; that is, transactions made by individuals and companies. During 2019, electronic transfers increased, and payments made with debit and credit cards continued to trend upward. In contrast, payments by check continued to decline, although the average daily value was almost four times the value of debit and credit card purchases. The same section contains the results of the fourth survey on how the use of retail-value payment instruments (for usual payments) is perceived. Conducted at the end of 2019, the main purpose of the survey was to identify the availability of these payment instruments, the public’s preferences for them, and their acceptance by merchants. It is worth noting that cash continues to be the instrument most used by the population for usual monthly payments (88.1% with respect to the number of payments and 87.4% in value). However, its use in terms of value has declined, having registered 89.6% in the 2017 survey. In turn, the level of acceptance by merchants of payment instruments other than cash is 14.1% for debit cards, 13.4% for credit cards, 8.2% for electronic transfers of funds and 1.8% for checks. The main reason for the use of cash is the absence of point-of-sale terminals at commercial establishments. Considering that the retail-payment market worldwide is influenced by constant innovation in payment services, by the modernization of clearing and settlement systems, and by the efforts of regulators to redefine the payment industry for the future, these trends are addressed in the fourth section of the report. There is an account of how innovations in technology-based financial payment services have developed, and it shows that while this topic is not new, it has evolved, particularly in terms of origin and vocation. One of the boxes that accompanies the fourth section deals with certain payment aspects of open banking and international experience in that regard, which has given the customers of a financial entity sovereignty over their data, allowing them, under transparent and secure conditions, to authorize a third party, other than their financial entity, to request information on their accounts with financial entities, thus enabling the third party to offer various financial services or initiate payments. Innovation also has sparked interest among international organizations, central banks, and research groups concerning the creation of digital currencies. Accordingly, the last box deals with the recent international debate on issuance of central bank digital currencies. In terms of the methodological progress that has been made, it is important to underscore the work that has been done on the role of central counterparties (CCPs) in mitigating liquidity and counterparty risk. The fifth section of the report offers an explanation of a document in which the work of CCPs in financial markets is analyzed and corroborated through an exercise that was built around the Central Counterparty of Colombia (CRCC) in the Colombian market for non-delivery peso-dollar forward exchange transactions, using the methodology of network topology. The results provide empirical support for the different theoretical models developed to study the effect of CCPs on financial markets. Finally, the results of research using artificial intelligence with information from the large-value payment system are presented. Based on the payments made among financial institutions in the large-value payment system, a methodology is used to compare different payment networks, as well as to determine which ones can be considered abnormal. The methodology shows signs that indicate when a network moves away from its historical trend, so it can be studied and monitored. A methodology similar to the one applied to classify images is used to make this comparison, the idea being to extract the main characteristics of the networks and use them as a parameter for comparison. Juan José Echavarría Governor
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