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Journal articles on the topic 'Origin of the languages'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Graffi, Giorgio. "Origin of language and origin of languages." Evolutionary Linguistic Theory 1, no. 1 (2019): 6–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/elt.00002.gra.

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Abstract The question of monogenesis vs. polygenesis of human languages was essentially neglected by contemporary linguistics until the appearance of the research on the genetics of human populations by L. L. Cavalli-Sforza and his collaborators, which brought to light very exciting parallels between the distribution of human populations and that of language families. The present paper highlights some aspects of the history of the problem and some points of the contemporary discussion. We first outline the “Biblical paradigm”, which persisted until the 18th century even in scientific milieus.

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Benítez-Torres, Carlos M., and Anthony P. Grant. "On the origin of some Northern Songhay mixed languages." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 32, no. 2 (2017): 263–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.32.2.03ben.

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This paper discusses the origins of linguistic elements in three Northern Songhay languages of Niger and Mali: Tadaksahak, Tagdal and Tasawaq. Northern Songhay languages combine elements from Berber languages, principally Tuareg forms, and from Songhay; the latter provides inflectional morphology and much of the basic vocabulary, while the former is the source of most of the rest of the vocabulary, especially less basic elements. Subsets of features of Northern Songhay languages are compared with those of several stable mixed languages and mixed-lexicon creoles, and in accounting for the origi

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3

Davis, Michael. "The Music of Reason in Rousseau's Essay on the Origin of Languages." Review of Politics 74, no. 3 (2012): 389–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670512000538.

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AbstractThe argument of Rousseau's Essay on the Origin of Languages is intimately connected with that of his Discourse on the Origin and the Foundations of Inequality among Men. The origin of political society is inseparable from the origin of language, which, in turn, is inseparable from the origin of reason. That so much of the Essay is concerned with music leads us to wonder what music has to do with reason, politics, and language. These two books share what is a regular feature of Rousseau's manner of writing—presenting what seem to be logical foundations as temporal origins. In emphasizin

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Huseynova, H. "On Some Words of Azerbaijani-Turkish Origin." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 5 (2021): 620–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/66/71.

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The study of the dialectal features of languages, which are means of communication between people, is very valuable in terms of studying the historical development of the language, its nationality, its relationship with other languages, the historical development of its people. Taking into account these aspects, we tried to study the dialects of the Azerbaijani language, to identify the examples preserved in the dialect lexicon of our language and considered archetypes of modern language units, to talk about their contacts with other languages, etymology of some Turkic words. In this regard, t

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Kosovych, Olga. "Internationalisms of French Origin in English and Ukrainian Languages." PROBLEMS OF SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS, no. 39 (2021): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2663-6530.2021.39.02.

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This article is devoted to the study of internationalisms of French origin in English and Ukrainian languages. Traditionally, researchers who are studying French words without allocating internationalisms, consider the borrowing process in a specific language. In linguistic works, an international layer of French origin is allocated, so, in particular, the mechanism of adaptation of French words in English through the Ukrainian language was studied. Internationalism acquires special importance in the development of modern languages due to the fact that they are generally accepted forms of lexi

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Zheleznova, E. G. "THE HISTORY OF THE ORIGIN, DISTRIBUTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE GERMANIC LANGUAGE." Scientific bulletin of the Southern Institute of Management, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31775/2305-3100-2017-4-113-117.

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English is the most known and spoken language in the world. In this regard, we are interested in the history of the English language. English belongs to the largest and most widespread group of languages called Germanic languages. Germanic languages are a group of closely related languages spoken by more than 500 million people across the globe. The article considers the modern Germanic languages, their distribution and classification, and their ancestors - the Germanic languages. The relevance of this work lies in the fact that Germanic languages are the ancestors of the modern Germanic langu

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(Ghosh), Sumana Mallick. "Early Indian Languages: An Evolution Perspective." Asian Review of Social Sciences 7, no. 2 (2018): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2018.7.2.1432.

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Sound, signs or signals, gestures, urge of transferring higher levels of thinking and feelings and also exchange of ideas were the beginning of the formulation of languages despite the controversies in the origin of languages through the Speculative Theory, Signaling Theory, Mother tongue Hypothesis and so on. Civilization and progress have paved the origin of languages for communication and vice versa. Whatever been the reason and whenever been the time of development of language in this subcontinent or in the Earth, India always possesses a rich linguistic heritage. The Proto-Indo-Aryan lang

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Haiman, John. "Systematization and the origin of rules." Studies in Language 26, no. 3 (2002): 573–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.26.3.04hai.

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One of the design features of language is its systematicity: to a considerable extent, the rules of grammar relate not to the world outside, but only to other rules. They exist in autonomy from external motivations. Subject-verb inversion in the Germanic languages as a marker of interrogatives is a well-known example of such an externally unmotivated rule. The notion of systematization implies a process whereby such rules have evolved from pre-systematic externally motivated origins. In this particular case: Greenberg’s constituent order universal #11 proposed that only those languages with se

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Huseynova, H. "Words of Turkic origin in ancient Greek." Turkic Studies Journal 2, no. 3 (2020): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2664-5157-2020-2-3-35.

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The article notes the functioning of turkisms in many languages of the world, including Greek, English, French, Russian and other languages. It is known that the Turks established socio-political and cultural ties with many ancient peoples, and sometimes settled on the territories of these peoples or in areas close to them. Such areal contacts caused language and lexical borrowings. N.A. Baskakov in the book “Russian surnames of Turkish origin”, wrote that the origins of 300 noble Russian families go back to Turkic roots, including genealogy and the scientist A.Kh. Khalikov notes numerous Turk

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Lee, Sean, and Toshikazu Hasegawa. "Bayesian phylogenetic analysis supports an agricultural origin of Japonic languages." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1725 (2011): 3662–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.0518.

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Languages, like genes, evolve by a process of descent with modification. This striking similarity between biological and linguistic evolution allows us to apply phylogenetic methods to explore how languages, as well as the people who speak them, are related to one another through evolutionary history. Language phylogenies constructed with lexical data have so far revealed population expansions of Austronesian, Indo-European and Bantu speakers. However, how robustly a phylogenetic approach can chart the history of language evolution and what language phylogenies reveal about human prehistory mu

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Saleh bin Ayad al - Hagory, Saleh bin Ayad al Hagory. "False Friends in Foreign Language Teaching and Learning: Arabic as an Example." journal of king abdulaziz university arts and humanities 26, no. 2 (2018): 145–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/art.26-2.8.

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This research aims at discussing the false friends in teaching and learning Arabic. This is shown by means of a theoretical approach which explicates the false friends concept origin, and types . It also presents the western implication of the false friends, their origin in the languages, as well as their influence upon teaching and learning a language. The research then presents an applied approach of those false friends in five languages, compared to the Arabic language, namely: Urdu, Indonesian, Turkish, Malay, and Hosa based on the analytical descriptive approach. The false friends are mos

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Nadirova, Gulnar, Nazym Konkabayeva, Bayan Zhubatova, and Kunduzay Aubakirova. "Turkic Ethnic Realities in the Medieval Manuscript of Kipchak Origin." IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies 12, no. 3 (2018): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jems.v12.n3.p1.

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<p>The purpose of our work was to analyze the ethnic realities of the Kipchak language in order to establish its similarities and differences with modern Turkic languages for which this medieval language was a proto-language. The written medieval manuscript in Arabic “Al-Tuhfa al-Zakiyya fi al-Lugha al-Turkiyyah” (Genuine wonder about the Turkish language) was one of the most important and most valuable source for studying the Kipchak language. The main feature of the work was that the original version was written in the Kipchak, as the anonymous author pointed out on the first page of t

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13

Michael, Lev. "On the Pre-Columbian Origin of Proto-Omagua-Kokama." Journal of Language Contact 7, no. 2 (2014): 309–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-00702004.

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Cabral (1995, 2007, 2011) and Cabral and Rodrigues (2003) established that Kokama and Omagua, closely-related indigenous languages spoken in Peruvian and Brazilian Amazonia, emerged as the result of intense language contact between speakers of a Tupí-Guaraní language and speakers of non-Tupí-Guaraní languages. Cabral (1995, 2007) further argued that the language contact which led to the development of Kokama and Omagua transpired in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, in the Jesuit mission settlements located in the provincia de Maynas (corresponding roughly to modern northern Peruvian Ama

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Riionheimo, Helka. "Multiple roots of innovations in language contact." On multiple source constructions in language change 37, no. 3 (2013): 645–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.37.3.07rii.

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This article approaches the origin of multilingual innovations in language contact by presenting data from an intensive contact situation between two closely related Finnic languages, Finnish and Estonian. This situation between languages that have complex interconnected morphological systems often leads to the emergence of structures that contain material from both languages. The origin of these structures is discussed in the light of two basic assumptions: that in the mind of the bilingual speaker, the elements of the two languages are connected to each other via phonological and semantic or

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Nesterenko, Tetiana. "FORMING OF LINGUISTIC COMPETENCIES IN THE COURSE OF «INTRODUCTION TO SLA VIC PHILOLOGY»." Research Bulletin Series Philological Sciences 1, no. 193 (2021): 418–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2522-4077-2021-1-193-418-422.

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The article deals with the ways offorming of linguistic competencies in the course of «Introduction to Slavic philology». The author formulates the goal of the course: to enhance the special training of future Ukrainian language and literature teachers; prepare them for the linguistic disciplines of historical cycle «Historical grammar» and «History of Ukrainian literary language». Determines the main questions, answers to which promote forming of linguistic competencies, which are important for comprehensive education of a future philologist. What is the origin of Slavs and what territory can

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Iskakova, Aliya. "Translanguaging: the concept origin and meaning." Pedagogy and Psychology 42, no. 1 (2020): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-1.2077-6861.19.

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The status of English language as a lingua franca and the steady expansion of its influence in many areas of human activity cause an ambiguous reaction in the modern world and is accompanied by the emergence of relevant trends in linguistic science and real practice of foreign languages training. In the world linguodidactics, there is a constant search for effective ways of teaching foreign languages, which is inevitably accompanied by a search for solutions to acute problems associated with the English language diversification from the one hand and the preservation of linguistic diversity and

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Napolskikh, Vladimir V. "Origin of Words Denoting ‘Salt’ in the Selkup and Ugric Languages." Izvestia of the Ural federal university. Series 2. Humanities and Arts 22, no. 4 (202) (2020): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2020.22.4.062.

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In the Finno-Permian languages, the words denoting ‘salt’ are loans (from an Indo-European language of the Proto-Baltic or Iranian groups), while in the North Samoyedic languages, they are later innovations (a word meaning ‘white’). Their appearance can be associated with the spread of cattle breeding and agriculture among the respective peoples. The situation is similar in the Ugric languages and in Selkup, but the sources of words for ‘salt’ are different there. The Khanty (*sФl-nк) and Northern Mansi (solwкl) words for ‘salt’ were borrowed from the Permian *sЫl ‘salt’, or, more precisely, f

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18

Ye, Yvaine. "Family of languages may have new origin." New Scientist 242, no. 3228 (2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(19)30775-4.

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19

Piazza, A., S. Rendine, E. Minch, P. Menozzi, J. Mountain, and L. L. Cavalli-Sforza. "Genetics and the origin of European languages." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 92, no. 13 (1995): 5836–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.92.13.5836.

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20

Smetonienė, Anželika. "Loanwords in the catechism of M. Petkevičius (1598): slavisms of unknown origin." Lietuvių kalba, no. 11 (December 20, 2017): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2017.22545.

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There are only few studies on lexis of catechism of M. Petkevičius (PK) (1598), even if this is the second book in Lithuanian language in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the first hymnal in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. J. Kruopas concluded vocabulary of this catechism and noted it's loanwords, however, an origin of these words has not been explained. Also, there is no list of equivalents of these borrowed words in Slavic languages, because aim of J. Kruopa's work wasn't to determinate origin of loanwords. The object of this article is Slavic loanwords in the PK, the aim – to specify and to l

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Serbin, Vladimir Alekseevich. "Borrowings in military terminology of the modern Vietnamese language." Litera, no. 1 (January 2021): 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2021.1.34698.

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This article is dedicated to the analysis of techniques of external enrichment of terminology of the Vietnamese language. An attempt is made to examine the phenomenon of borrowing of foreign words in military terminology of the modern Vietnamese language. The author explores the factors of borrowing, carries out classification by origin and source of borrowing. The relevance of this work is defined by the need to systematize knowledge on the foreign borrowings in military terminology of Vietnamese language at the current stage of its development, rapid advancement of military science, new tech

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22

Martí-Badia, Adrià. "Els postulats de la filologia romànica internacional sobre l’origen, la identitat i el nom de la llengua catalana (1806-1906)." SCRIPTA. Revista Internacional de Literatura i Cultura Medieval i Moderna 13 (June 27, 2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/scripta.13.15436.

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Resum: Aquest treball analitza els postulats dels romanistes no catalanòfons sobre l’origen, la identitat i el nom de la llengua catalana entre 1806 i 1906. Al segle xix es situa l’inici de la filologia romànica, i cada vegada més erudits cataloguen i estudien les diferents llengües romàniques. Progressivament, en aquest període els romanistes prenen en consideració la llengua catalana, i realitzen afirmacions sobre el seu origen —compartit amb la llengua occitana o independent des de l’inici—, la seua identitat —subordinada a l’occità o autònoma com la resta de llengües romàniques— i el nom a

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Bell, Daniel. "Chinese Fort Creolization: on the Origin of Xining Mandarin." Journal of Language Contact 13, no. 2 (2020): 289–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-bja10022.

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Abstract Xining Mandarin (Qinghai province, Northwest China) strikingly diverges from the usual syntactic profile of Sinitic languages, featuring an array of head-final categories which are inherent instead to the local substrate languages. In this paper, the formation of the dialect is considered from a historical perspective and it is seen to have emerged in a fort creolization (Bickerton, 1988) scenario, comparable to that found for European lexifier creoles along the West African coast. Linguistically relevant aspects of the socio-historical scenario underlying the dialect are reconstructe

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Emmorey, Karen. "Sign languages are problematic for a gestural origins theory of language evolution." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28, no. 2 (2005): 130–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x05270036.

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Sign languages exhibit all the complexities and evolutionary advantages of spoken languages. Consequently, sign languages are problematic for a theory of language evolution that assumes a gestural origin. There are no compelling arguments why the expanding spiral between protosign and protospeech proposed by Arbib would not have resulted in the evolutionary dominance of sign over speech.

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Ciszek, Hanna, and Aleksandra Matulewska. "A Case Study of the Productivity of the Prefix Cyber- in English and Greek Legal Languages." Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 58, no. 1 (2019): 35–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/slgr-2019-0016.

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Abstract The aim of the paper is to investigate the impact of the Greek language on modern legal languages in the United Kingdom and United States of America. The focus is placed on terms with the prefix cyber- of Greek origin that have recently enriched the English legal languages in connection with the fact that certain new phenomena (legal institutions) have been regulated by laws as a result of the development of new technologies. Therefore, the authors have investigated the occurrence of terms with the prefix cyber- in legislation and other legal texts. Apart from the analysis of borrowin

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Akimov, Tokhir. "HEART RELATED PHRASES IN CHINESE AND THEIR SEMANTIC MEANINGS." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORD ART 1, no. 3 (2020): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9297-2020-1-1.

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There public of Uzbekistan and the PRChavesocio-economic relations, and the development of relations ground up for stable.Language hasa significant role in the development of handing over the foreign language requirements come out well.Among the foreign languages,priorityis given to the development of Chinese language.Chinese is one of the oldest languages in terms of its historical origin and perfection, and differs from other languages in that it has a language construction system, pictographic writing, and has lived in a state of "development" in terms of language development

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Comrie, Bernard. "On the origin of the Basic Variety." Second Language Research 13, no. 4 (1997): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/026765897668475347.

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Three of the points made in Klein and Perdue's paper are addressed. The presence of the basic word order Agent-Verb-Patient in the Basic Variety may simply reflect the salience of this basic word order in the target language, as is also suggested by some comparable data from creoles. Complexity can indeed arise as a language tries to pay heed to competing, if not conflicting, demands, although it can also arise as a historical accretion of changes that are in themselves simple and natural.While the Basic Variety may serve the communicative functions of true languages, it remains to be shown th

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Manczak, Witold. "József Herman, Vulgar Latin, translated by Roger Wright, The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, Pennsylvania, XIV+ 130 p." Linguistica 41, no. 1 (2001): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.41.1.163-166.

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Selon l'auteur (p. 1), "the kind of language that must be taken to be the common origin for related words and similar phonetic and grammatical features in the Romance languages is often noticeably different from Classical Latin, as reflected in the works of Cicero or Virgil". Mais l'auteur passe sous silence le fait qu'en réalité, au sujet de l' origine des langues romanes, deux thèses s' affrontent, qui peuvent être représentées par les schémas suivants.

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Zulpukarov, K. Z., S. M. Amiraliev, and U. N. Kamardinova. "On the Origin of Hydronyms in Nostratic Languages." Herald of Dagestan State University 33, no. 3 (2018): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21779/2542-0313-2018-33-3-52-60.

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Bellwood, Peter. "The Austronesian Dispersal and the Origin of Languages." Scientific American 265, no. 1 (1991): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0791-88.

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Breva Claramonte, Manuel. "Grammatization of indigenous languages in Spanish America : the mental language, language origin and cultural factors." Histoire Épistémologie Langage 30, no. 2 (2008): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/hel.2008.3165.

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김상욱. "Language and Emotion: Shelley's Frankenstein and Rousseau's Essay on the Origin of Languages." Journal of English Language and Literature 54, no. 4 (2008): 483–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.15794/jell.2008.54.4.003.

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Botsman, Andriy, and Olga Dmytruk. "Trans-germanic peculiarities of preterite-present verbs." Actual issues of Ukrainian linguistics: theory and practice, no. 40 (2020): 140–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apultp.2020.40.140-155.

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This article contains systematic and detailed analysis of morphological and semantic parameters of Germanic preterite-present verbs, dividing them into major and minor subgroups. The development of both preterite-present subgroups and their steady transformation into the modal verbs is a specific feature of all Germanic languages. Since the modal verbs of the Modern Germanic languages are morphologically defective, it is commonly assumed that preterite-present verbs of the old Germanic languages lost some of their morphological features in the process of turning into modal verbs. The semantic

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Kenstowicz, Michael. "On the origin of tonal classes in Kinande noun stems." Studies in African Linguistics 37, no. 2 (2008): 115–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v37i2.107295.

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This paper investigates the Proto-Bantu origins of the principal tonal classes in Kinande nonderived mono- and disyllabic nominal stems. The temary H vs. L vs. 0 distinction in the final syllable of the current language is traced back to a binary H vs. L contrast in Proto Bantu on the basis of two strata of reconstruction: first, a shallow one based on c. 200 PB cognates shared with the closely related Lacustrine languages Runyankore, Haya, and lita, and second, a deeper one based on c. 100 PB cognates shared with the more distantly related Congolese languages Tembo, Luba, and Lingala. A chron

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Xukumo‘g‘li, Raupov Mexroj. "Brief Description of the Date of Origin Some Suffixes in Uzbek Language." International Journal of Community Service & Engagement 2, no. 2 (2021): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47747/ijcse.v2i2.241.

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The article discusses the use of affixes in the modern Uzbek literary language, the views of linguists on affixes, the phonetic variants of affixes in Turkic languages, the origin of suffixes, based on existing scientific literature, case, detected.

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Bunis, David M. "Adjectives of Hebrew and Aramaic Origin in Judezmo and Yiddish." Journal of Jewish Languages 8, no. 1-2 (2020): 189–268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134638-bja10005.

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Abstract Jewish languages contain a component derived from Hebrew and Aramaic, the earliest languages Jews used. We offer a historical comparative analysis of the structure and use of adjectives of Hebrew and Aramaic origin in the diverse spoken and written registers of Judezmo (Ladino, Judeo-Spanish) and Yiddish, the two major Jewish languages of the Sephardim and Ashkenazim of Europe. Attention is paid both to adjectives whose forms are entirely of Hebrew or Aramaic origin, as well as those constructed of bases of Hebrew and Aramaic origin, and derivational morphemes of Hispanic and Turkish

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Benítez-Torres, Carlos M. "Suppletion in Tagdal." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 35, no. 2 (2020): 332–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00063.ben.

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Abstract Northern Songhay languages are known for combining Songhay and Tuareg-Berber features. Nicolaï (1979) divided these languages into nomadic and sedentary sub-branches, something which Benítez-Torres and Grant (2017) confirmed, bears out very well from a grammatical standpoint. This paper explores some of the interactions between Songhay and Berber vocabulary by looking at suppletion in Tagdal, a nomadic Northern Songhay language. In Tagdal, suppletion occurs when a verb root of Songhay origin is replaced by one of Berber origin whenever a Berber derivational prefix is present. It will

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Anisimov, R. N. "Phraseological Nomination of Age and Experience in the Yakut Language (Comparison with the Turkic Languages of South Siberia)." Philology 17, no. 9 (2018): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2018-17-9-31-42.

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In the following article, the phraseological nomination of childhood, juvenile age, manhood and elderly age, life experience are considered in a comparative aspect with the Turkic languages of Southern Siberia (Altaic, Tuvan, Khakass) for the first time in the Yakut phraseology, with the purpose of establishing common and specific traits of these languages, as well as identifying the sources of origin of the basic lexeme components that make up the Yakut phraseological units. The author also employs language material from Turkish and Kazakh languages, ancient Turkic written monuments to increa

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Ashurov, Shahobiddin, and Farida Shukurova. "SOME CONSIDERATIONS ON THE ETYMOLOGYOF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN THE ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORD ART 2, no. 3 (2020): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9297-2020-2-2.

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This article discusses about the masterpiece of each language, the phraseological units, their significance and possibilities in the language. origin of some phraseological units and their connection from the national value point of view in the Uzbek and English languages.In particular, the views on specific historical-development stages, linguocultural features of phraseological units are expressed. The article discusses the origins, causes of emergence of some phraseological units in the English and Uzbek languges, and their connection from the national value point of view in the Uzbek and E

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Jacques, Guillaume. "The origin of the reflexive prefix in Rgyalrong languages." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 73, no. 2 (2010): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x1000008x.

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AbstractIn the Sino-Tibetan family, reflexivity is either not expressed in the verb, as in Chinese or Tibetan, or expressed by means of a “middle” marker, as in Dulong or Kiranti languages. Among the morphologically rich languages of this family, only Rgyalrong languages have distinct and unambiguous reflexive and reciprocal markers on the verb. This paper shows that the reflexive prefix in Rgyalrong languages has two possible origins. It could come from a fusion of the third person singular marker and the root meaning “self” or, alternatively, come from the free third person pronoun. Both hyp

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Renfrew, Colin. "Before Babel: Speculations on the Origins of Linguistic Diversity." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 1, no. 1 (1991): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774300000238.

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Recent research in historical linguistics suggests that groups or ‘families’ of languages may be classed together into larger language units or ‘macrofamilies’, for which some community of origin has been argued. The Afro-Asiatic macrofamily, for instance, which includes the Semitic and Berber languages as well as Ancient Egyptian and many languages of North and East Africa, is widely accepted among linguists. More controversial is the Nostratic macrofamily (including the Indo-European, the Altaic, the Uralic languages, etc.). The implications for prehistoric archaeology of the existence of su

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Rofik, Eka Nur. "Kronologi Bahasa Arab Semitik Perspektif Historis." Ngabari: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Sosial 14, no. 1 (2021): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51772/njsis.v14i1.66.

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Arabic comes from the Semitic language family. it has a higher position than other Semitic languages because it is not extinct even though it is thousands of years old. Arabic is one of the most widely spoken languages today. Users are not only Muslims but also non-Muslims. Semitic is a language family associated with one of the sons of the Prophet Noah a.s. namely Sam son of Noah. In the narration, it is stated that Noah had three children, namely Sam (Semitic), Yafit (Aramiyah), and Ham (Hamiyah). Languages belonging to the Semitic language family experience slow development. Some lang

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Daniels, Peter T. "The Atlas of Languages: The Origin and Development of Languages Throughout the World (review)." Language 81, no. 2 (2005): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2005.0054.

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Iran Adhiti, Ida Ayu. "KAJIAN LINGUISTIK HISTORIS KOMPARATIF PADA POLA PERUBAHAN BUNYI." KULTURISTIK: Jurnal Bahasa dan Budaya 3, no. 2 (2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/kulturistik.3.2.1203.

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[Title: Linguistic Study of Comparative Historis on Sound Change Patterns] The local languages in Nusa Tenggara Timur need to be observed, analysed, constructed, and conserved. Data research phenomena is done deeply approaching especially the local languages, which exist and develop in Alor Island. The observer analyses language phenomena on pattern of sound change in the languages of Kabola, Hamap, and Klon in Alor Island. The complete data of the three language are analysed by the study of comparative historic linguistic. The observation that analyses the languages in Alor Island use the syn

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Meakins, Felicity, and Carmel O’Shannessy. "Typological constraints on verb integration in two Australian mixed languages,." Journal of Language Contact 5, no. 2 (2012): 216–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-006001001.

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Abstract Gurindji Kriol and Light Warlpiri are two mixed languages spoken in northern Australia by Gurindji and Warlpiri people, respectively. Both languages are the outcome of the fusion of a contact variety of English (Kriol/Aboriginal English) with a traditional Australian Aboriginal language (Gurindji or Warlpiri). The end result is two languages which show remarkable structural similarity. In both mixed languages, pronouns, TMA auxiliaries and word order are derived from Kriol/Aboriginal English, and case-marking and other nominal morphology come from Gurindji or Warlpiri. These structura

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Sirajudinov, R. M. "Food and drink of agricultural origin in the Godoberian language." Язык и текст 6, no. 3 (2019): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2019060308.

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Godoberi (self-name gibdidi) is one of the ethnic groups of Dagestan, in terms of language and cultural development, which belong to the Andian subgroup of the Avaro-Ando-Tsezy subgroup of Nakh-Dagestan languages. Godoberians live compactly only in two villages in the north of Dagestan - in Zibirkhali and Godoberi. Godoberians speak a non-written language (gibdidi mizzi). Nevertheless, the speech of the inhabitants of the villages of Godoberi and Zibirhali differs, making up two dialects, each of which has a number of phonetic and lexical features. According to rough estimates, the total numbe

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Arnold, Rafael D. "Judeo-Romance varieties." Lexicographica 33, no. 2017 (2018): 321–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lex-2017-0016.

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AbstractJudeo-Romance languages (and varieties), as other Jewish languages, too, are fusion languages. Traditionally written in the Hebrew alphabet, Jewish languages are characterized by a high impact of linguistic features of Hebrew (and Aramaic). Among the Judeo-Romance languages, which are based on Romance languages, Judeo-Spanish (hereinafter referred to as JS), the language of the expelled Jews from Iberia (known as the Sephardim), is outstanding because of its intimate contact with the dominant languages in the areas of their settlement, especially in the Ottoman territories. However, on

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Arnold, Rafael D. "Judeo-Romance varieties." Lexicographica 33, no. 1 (2018): 321–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lexi-2017-0016.

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AbstractJudeo-Romance languages (and varieties), as other Jewish languages, too, are fusion languages. Traditionally written in the Hebrew alphabet, Jewish languages are characterized by a high impact of linguistic features of Hebrew (and Aramaic). Among the Judeo-Romance languages, which are based on Romance languages, Judeo-Spanish (hereinafter referred to as JS), the language of the expelled Jews from Iberia (known as the Sephardim), is outstanding because of its intimate contact with the dominant languages in the areas of their settlement, especially in the Ottoman territories. However, on

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Burling, Robbins, and Merritt Ruhlen. "On the Origin of Languages: Studies in Linguistic Taxonomy." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 1, no. 4 (1995): 857. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3034989.

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Avanzini, A. "Origin and Classification of the Ancient South Arabian Languages." Journal of Semitic Studies 54, no. 1 (2009): 205–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jss/fgn048.

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