Journal articles: 'Original powers'

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Pfander, James E. ""Marbury", Original Jurisdiction, and the Supreme Court's Supervisory Powers." Columbia Law Review 101, no. 7 (2001): 1515. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1123808.

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Flanagan, Robert D. "Brian S. Powers: Full Darkness: Original Sin, Moral Injury, and Wartime Violence." Journal of Religion and Health 59, no. 2 (2020): 1137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-00997-7.

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Welter, Brian. "Brian S. Powers, Full Darkness: Original Sin, Moral Injury, and Wartime Violence." Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling: Advancing theory and professional practice through scholarly and reflective publications 73, no. 3 (2019): 187–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1542305019863014.

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Menghini, Ben. "Brian S. Powers. Full Darkness: Original Sin, Moral Injury, and Wartime Violence." Toronto Journal of Theology 37, no. 1 (2021): 126–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/tjt-2020-0090.

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Steward, Helen. "Agency as a Two-Way Power: A Defence." Monist 103, no. 3 (2020): 342–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/monist/onaa008.

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Abstract This paper presents a dilemma which it has been alleged by Kim Frost must be faced by any defender of the notion of a two-way power and offers a solution to the dilemma which is distinct from Frost’s own. The dilemma is as follows: assuming that powers are to be individuated by what they are powers to do or undergo, then either there is a unified description of the manifestation-type which individuates the power, or there is not. If there is, then two-way powers are revealed really to be one-way powers, after all. If there is not, then it is difficult to explain why the two-way power does not simply dissolve into a mere combination of two one-way powers. The paper offers an account of what a two-way power is that is distinct from the one Frost takes for granted, and argues that this different conception is the key to avoiding the dilemma. It is also argued that this alternative conception has several further advantages over its rival and also that it has no less of a claim than Frost’s notion to be prefigured in Aristotle’s original discussion.

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FRANCHINO, FABIO. "Delegating Powers in the European Community." British Journal of Political Science 34, no. 2 (2004): 269–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123404000055.

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The theory of delegation developed by Epstein and O'Halloran for the US federal system is used here to generate original hypotheses on the politics of delegation in the European Community (EC). It is argued that two institutional features of the Community, namely the decision rules of the Council of Ministers and the possibility of relying on both the Commission and the member states for policy implementation are at the core of the choices of delegation of EC legislators. Using an original dataset of 158 major EC legislative acts, it is demonstrated that the Council delegates greater policy authority to national institutions if legislation is adopted unanimously or in issue areas that require specialized and technical knowledge, while it relies to a greater extent on the Commission when acts are adopted by qualified majority voting or require general managerial skills at the supranational level.Results also show that national administrators are the main providers of policy expertise, while the informational role of the Commission appears to be secondary, though not negligible. Finally, these findings qualify propositions on the relation between veto players and bureaucratic autonomy and on that between conflict within the legislature and delegation outcomes.

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Humbly, Tracy-Lynn. "Localising Environmental Governance: The Le Sueur Case." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 17, no. 4 (2017): 1689. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2014/v17i4a2176.

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In the matter of Le Sueur v Ethekwini Municipality the KwaZulu-Natal High Court decided that municipalities had the power to legislate on environmental issues such as biodiversity and conservation. This note argues that the precedent established in this case is that municipalities have authority to legislate upon environmental matters as an incident of municipal planning, which is an original constitutional power. In contrast to both the judgment and recent commentary, it argues that the source of municipal legislative authority over municipal planning is not based in legislative assignment but in s 156(5) of the Constitution (the "incidental power" provision relevant to local government). This argument is based on understanding the distinction between original and assigned powers, and the nature of the control that the national and provincial spheres exercise over Schedule 4B powers. Notwithstanding this inaccuracy in the judgment, it is argued that the precedent is a welcome one that can be justified not only on the basis of the principle of subsidiarity but also in terms of the emerging and increasingly important theory of social-ecological resilience.

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van Miltenburg, Niels, and Dawa Ometto. "Free Will and Mental Powers." Topoi 39, no. 5 (2018): 1155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11245-018-9615-8.

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Abstract In this paper, we investigate how contemporary metaphysics of powers can further an understanding of agent-causal theories of free will. The recent upsurge of such ontologies of powers and the understanding of causation it affords promises to demystify the notion of an agent-causal power. However, as we argue pace (Mumford and Anjum in Analysis 74:20–25, 2013; Am Philos Q 52:1–12, 2015a), the very ubiquity of powers also poses a challenge to understanding in what sense exercises of an agent’s power to act could still be free—neither determined by external circumstances, nor random, but self-determined. To overcome this challenge, we must understand what distinguishes the power to act from ordinary powers. We suggest this difference lies in its rational nature, and argue that existing agent-causal accounts (e.g., O’Connor in Libertarian views: dualist and agent-causal theories, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2002; Lowe in Personal agency: the metaphysics of mind and action, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2013) fail to capture the sense in which the power to act is rational. A proper understanding, we argue, requires us to combine the recent idea that the power to act is a ‘two-way power’ (e.g., Steward in A metaphysics for freedom, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2012b; Lowe (in: Groff, Greco (eds) Powers and capacities in philosophy: the new aristotelianism, Routledge, New York, 2013) with the idea that it is intrinsically rational. We sketch the outlines of an original account that promises to do this. On this picture, what distinguishes the power to act is its special generality—the power to act, unlike ordinary powers, does not come with any one typical manifestation. We argue that this special generality can be understood to be a feature of the capacity to reason. Thus, we argue, an account of agent-causation that can further our understanding of free will requires us to recognize a specifically rational or mental variety of power.

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Yoo, John C. "The Continuation of Politics by Other Means: The Original Understanding of War Powers." California Law Review 84, no. 2 (1996): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3480925.

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Bonner, Holly. "Powers, B. S. (2019). Full Darkness: Original Sin, Moral Injury and Wartime Violence." Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling: Advancing theory and professional practice through scholarly and reflective publications 73, no. 4 (2019): 258–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1542305019878447.

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Hanusz, Zofia, Joanna Tarasińska, and Zbigniew Osypiuk. "On the small sample properties of variants of Mardia’s and Srivastava’s kurtosis-based tests for multivariate normality." Biometrical Letters 49, no. 2 (2012): 159–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bile-2013-0012.

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Summary The kurtosis-based tests of Mardia and Srivastava for assessing multivariate normality (MVN) are considered. The asymptotic standard normal distribution of their test statistics, under normality, is often misused for too small samples. The purpose of this paper is to suggest mean-and-variance corrected versions of the Mardia and Srivastava test statistics. Simulation studies evaluating both the true sizes and the powers of original and corrected tests against selected alternatives are presented and compared to the size and the power of the Henze-Zirkler test. The proposed corrected statistics have empirical sizes closer to a nominal significance level than the original ones. It is also shown that the corrected versions of the tests can be more powerful than the original ones.

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Al Baidani, Mashael, and Judi McDonald. "On the Block Structure and Frobenius Normal Form of Powers of Matrices." Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra 35 (February 1, 2019): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/1081-3810.3955.

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The Frobenius normal form of a matrix is an important tool in analyzing its properties. When a matrix is powered up, the Frobenius normal form of the original matrix and that of its powers need not be the same. In this article, conditions on a matrix $A$ and the power $q$ are provided so that for any invertible matrix $S$, if $S^{-1}A^qS$ is block upper triangular, then so is $S^{-1}AS$ when partitioned conformably. The result is established for general matrices over any field. It is also observed that the contributions of the index of cyclicity to the spectral properties of a matrix hold over any field. The article concludes by applying the block upper triangular powers result to the cone Frobenius normal form of powers of a eventually cone nonnegative matrix.

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Sievert, Joel, and Ryan D. Williamson. "Public attitudes toward presidential veto powers." Research & Politics 5, no. 1 (2018): 205316801775387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053168017753873.

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Previous research on presidential powers has demonstrated predictable variation in the level of support for presidential usage of those powers. However, much of this work has focused solely on unilateral powers. Here, we seek to further explore public attitudes towards constitutionally prescribed powers—namely that of the executive veto. Using original survey data, we find that public support of the president’s use of the veto is dependent on respondent partisanship as well as approval of both the president and Congress. Overall, our findings provide some support for previous research on the topic, but also offer new insights. First, we find a higher baseline level of support for presidential powers. Second, our results indicate that the president’s copartisans are more supportive of the veto even after controlling for presidential and congressional approval.

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Balci, Murat Erhan, and Mehmet Hakan Hocaoglu. "A Current Decomposition-Based Method for Computationally Efficient Implementation of Power Resolution Meters in Non- Sinusoidal Single-Phase Systems." Metrology and Measurement Systems 20, no. 2 (2013): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mms-2013-0023.

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Abstract For non-sinusoidal single-phase systems, the classical apparent power has been divided into various components using different techniques. These power resolutions generally aim at to provide a tool for the accurate determination of the maximum power factor achievable with a passive compensator and to measure the load.s nonlinearity degree. This paper presents a current decomposition-based methodology that can be employed for computationally efficient implementation of the widely recognized non-sinusoidal power resolutions. The proposed measurement method and the original expressions of the power resolutions are comparatively evaluated by considering their computational complexity. The results show that the proposed method has a significant advantage in terms of computational efficiency for the simultaneous measurements of the powers when compared with the original expressions. Finally, in this paper, a PC-based power meter is developed using the proposed measurement method via the LabVIEW programme.

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Cockcroft, Tom, Robin Bryant, and Harshad Keval. "The impact of dispersal powers on congregating youth." Safer Communities 15, no. 4 (2016): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sc-11-2015-0038.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present research which evaluated the impact of Dispersal Orders in an English town. Design/methodology/approach The study used a mixed method design to, qualitatively, explore the impact of the intervention on young people and, quantitatively, the impact on recorded crime/anti-social behaviour. Findings The use of Dispersal Orders in the town being studied highlighted a number of issues detrimental to young people. Powers appeared to be used to control the congregating rather than anti-social behaviour of young people and their use could increase young peoples’ feelings of vulnerability. Practical implications The findings suggest that Dispersal Orders (and the newer Public Spaces Protection Orders (PSPOs)) may be ineffective if they are used without the focus of a specific anti-social behaviour issue. Social implications The findings suggest that the use of Dispersal Orders to deal with non-anti-social behaviour issues are likely to alienate young people and have the potential to inadvertently place them at further risk. They also suggest that the PSPO could very well exacerbate the substantial issues which have been identified in the present research. Originality/value This research is original and suggests that the negative findings of earlier pieces of research into Dispersal Orders can be replicated in very different geographical environments and in areas with low levels of general deprivation where no substantial anti-social behaviour issues were identified. Furthermore, it uses original data to contextualize contemporary developments in anti-social behaviour, namely the introduction of PSPOs.

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Karami, Ali. "A Recursive Least-Squares Approach with Memorizing Factor for Deriving Dynamic Equivalents of Power Systems." Advances in Technology Innovation 6, no. 4 (2021): 235–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.46604/aiti.2021.7853.

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In this research, a two-stage identification-based approach is proposed to obtain a two-machine equivalent (TME) system of an interconnected power system for transient stability studies. To estimate the parameters of the equivalent system, a three-phase fault is applied near and/or at the bus of a local machine in the original multimachine system. The electrical parameters of the equivalent system are calculated in the first stage by equating the active and reactive powers of the local machine in both the original and the predefined equivalent systems. The mechanical parameters are estimated in the second stage by using a recursive least-squares estimation (RLSE) technique with a factor called “memorizing factor”. The approach is demonstrated on New England 10-machine 39-bus system, and its accuracy and efficiency are verified by computer simulation in MATLAB software. The results obtained from the TME system agree well with those obtained from the original multimachine system.

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Castillo-Ortiz, Pablo. "The Illiberal Abuse of Constitutional Courts in Europe." European Constitutional Law Review 15, no. 1 (2019): 48–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019619000026.

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Legal constitutionalism – Political constitutionalism – Emergence of illiberal constitutionalism as a tertium genus – Examination of constitutional courts under three illiberal governments: Poland, Hungary, and Turkey – Illiberal governments’ strategies to seize control of constitutional courts – Illiberal governments’ aim to secure leverage over constitutional judges and restrict the powers of review of the court – Constitutional courts under illiberal rule invert the traditional functions that were assigned to them under the original Kelsenian approach – Instead of a check on power, illiberal constitutional courts become a device to circumvent constitutional constraints and concentrate power in the hands of the ruling actors.

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18

Reisman, W. Michael. "War Powers: The Operational Code of Competence." American Journal of International Law 83, no. 4 (1989): 777–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203366.

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Wholly apart from the questions of whether and under what circumstances major coercion is permissible under international law and whether minor coercion, including threats, is lawful, there is a broad and deep national consensus that the United States should continuously develop a military capacity sufficient for a range of contingencies and maintain it in a state of readiness. The consensus has been far less certain with regard to who will decide, and how, to initiate and use this capacity, at varying intensities. The original terms of the Constitution have been invoked by partisans of opposing views, but debate in those terms has proved inconclusive. Behind the legal bickering, a complex, but unstated, operational code has developed, allocating competence to initiate, direct and terminate different types of coercion among the branches. Parts of the operational code are clear and relatively stable over time. Other parts are less certain and can be projected only with qualifications, reservations or contingencies.

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Arato, Andrew. "Democratic constitution-making and unfreezing the Turkish process." Philosophy & Social Criticism 36, no. 3-4 (2010): 473–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0191453709358543.

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This short article will seek to explore the causes, and possible solutions, of what seems to be the current freezing of the Turkish constitution-making process that has had some dramatic successes in the 1990s and early 2000s. I make the strong claim that democratic legitimacy or constituent authority should not be reduced either to any mode of power, even popular power, or to mere legality. It is these types of reduction that I find especially troubling in recent Turkish constitutional struggles, where the legal claims of two powers — the government-controlled legislative and the judicial branches — to structure the constitution are not backed by sufficient political legitimacy. In effect these two powers that claim their constituent authorization, rather implausibly in my view, from either the democratic electorate or from an original constituent power, because of their conflict threaten to freeze the constitution-making process that very much needs to be continued and concluded. I end the article by making a suggestion for one possible constitution-making procedure that would be both legitimate and legal.

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BUBECK, JOHANNES, and NIKOLAY MARINOV. "Process or Candidate: The International Community and the Demand for Electoral Integrity." American Political Science Review 111, no. 3 (2017): 535–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055417000090.

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Why do outside powers intervene in other countries’ elections? We distinguish between two types of electoral interventions: interventions in favor of the democratic process and interventions in favor of particular candidates and parties. Contrary to the conventional wisdom, outside powers often simultaneously pursue interventions of both types. Using a formal model of elections with bias, we argue that outside powers will always invest some resources in particular candidates, if they care about the differences in their proposed policies. Spending on the electoral process is driven by liberalism concerns and geopolitical interests. In some cases, liberal powers might decrease their amount of support for the electoral process if this engagement works against their favored candidate. We also consider the case of “election wars.” These occur when two outside powers simultaneously intervene on different sides of an election. Some of the observable implications of the model are briefly demonstrated using a new and original dataset.

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Гурович, Б. А., К. Е. Приходько, Л. В. Кутузов, Б. В. Гончаров, Д. А. Комаров та Е. М. Малиева. "Создание элементов из NbN для логических устройств классических криокомпьютеров". Физика твердого тела 63, № 9 (2021): 1241. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2021.09.51246.36h.

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The paper describes a method that reduces the critical current and switching power of a nanowire of small length from a superconducting state to a normal one by embedding a section of normal metal into the nanowire. This effect is due to the local heating of the superconductor due to the heat released in the normal metal. The integrated resistance was formed from the original NbN under ion-beam irradiation through the mask. The obtained values of switching powers make it possible to design multilayer logic elements without galvanic coupling for classical cryo-computers.

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Rodgers, Lamont. "The role of nature in the self-ownership proviso." ethic@ - An international Journal for Moral Philosophy 20, no. 1 (2021): 326–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1677-2954.2021.e78304.

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Eric Mack defends a version of John Locke’s proviso. Mack applies his proviso to original appropriations, uses, and systems of private property. His proviso precludes severely disabling the world-interactive powers of others. Mack specifically warns against using concrete features of the natural world as a baseline for determine whether the proviso has been violated. While his proviso is plausible, I argue that he cannot. eschew employing the receptivity of the natural, unowned world to the extent that he suggests. We cannot determine whether one’s powers are disabled or diminished without knowing how receptive the world would be to those powers had a system of private property not arisen. The upshot of this paper is that the requirements of a well-formulated proviso is an empirical matter.

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Panczyk, Mariusz, Aleksander Zarzeka, Lucyna Iwanow, Jarosława Belowska, and Joanna Gotlib. "Assessment of reliability and validity of original questionnaire to evaluate knowledge of and attitudes towards extending professional powers of nurses and midwives with respect to independent prescription of certain drugs, writing out prescriptions, and referring for diagnostic tests – preliminary report." Pielegniarstwo XXI wieku / Nursing in the 21st Century 15, no. 1 (2016): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pielxxiw-2016-0005.

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AbstractAim of the study. Starting on January 1, 2016, nurses and midwives (NM) acquire extending the professional powers. Assessing the reliability and validity of a questionnaire developed to evaluate the knowledge of and attitudes towards acquiring extending the professional powers of NM.Material and methodology. Forty-two students, voluntary, anonymous, original questionnaire study, 11 questions (knowledge) and 32 statements (attitudes), the Likert scale.Results. Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient (α>0.70). Assessment of validity: indirect estimation of theoretical validity by identifying an internal correlation on the scale. Assessment of differences between the students: Kruskal-Wallis test, α=0.05, 11 knowledge-related questions - the easiness: 0.52, the mean differentiating power of 0.21. Cronbach’s alpha: 0.671. The subscale 1 comprising 26 statements underwent a factor analysis with two variables. The structure of subscale 2 (6 items) is uniform. The comparative analysis of students does not show differences by their majors (Kruskal-Wallis test).Conclusion.Assessment of reliability and validity of the questionnaire has demonstrated that it is a proper tool to evaluate attitudes towards extending professional powers of NM.Assessment of the questionnaire has confirmed that there is a need to modify the knowledge-related questions.The study should be continued among a greater number of NM that would be more diverse.

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Rossum, Ralph A. "Text and Tradition: Justice Scalia’s Consistent Application of His Original Public Meaning Approach to Separation of Powers." Perspectives on Political Science 48, no. 1 (2018): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10457097.2018.1514905.

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Ryan, Russ, Matthew H. Baughman, Carmen J. Lawrence, et al. "Unpacking the SEC’s new disgorgement powers." Journal of Investment Compliance 22, no. 2 (2021): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joic-02-2021-0008.

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Purpose To analyze the impact of recent legislation that amended the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to expressly empower the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to seek disgorgement in federal district court proceedings and to codify applicable statutes of limitations. Design/methodology/approach This article provides an overview of the authors’ prior work analyzing courts’ treatment of SEC disgorgement and summarizes how the scope of the remedy has evolved since Kokesh v. SEC (2017). Then, the article analyzes the changes to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 contained in Section 6501 the 2021 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), which statutorily empowered the SEC to seek and obtain disgorgement in federal court actions. Finally, the authors discuss the impact of the legislation on the Supreme Court’s decisions in Kokesh and Liu v. SEC (2020). Findings The availability and appropriateness of SEC disgorgement have been the subject of vigorous debate. Just as courts began to iron out the contours of SEC disgorgement in the wake of Kokesh and Liu, Congress intervened by granting to the SEC explicit statutory authority to seek a remedy traditionally obtained at equity. In passing this legislation, Congress answered some questions that remained after Liu but also raised many new ones. These new questions will likely take years to resolve through subsequent litigation and potentially additional legislation. Originality/value Original, practical analysis and guidance from experienced lawyers in financial services regulatory and enforcement practices, many of whom have previously worked in the SEC’s Division of Enforcement.

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Zhang, Xing Hua. "Security Analysis and the Improvement of Multi-Proxy Multi-Signature Scheme." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 1680–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.1680.

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Many original signers can put a delegation of powers to many proxy signers, it is a representation of all the original signers to generate a plurality of proxy signers in the multi-proxy multi-signature scheme. It is analyzed to the existing multi-proxy multi-signature schemes in this paper , the verification equation is improved. A new secure and efficient scheme is proposed. The security analysis shows that the verification equations of the new scheme is more safe. The new scheme can resist the public-key substitution attack, can resist the coalition attack.

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Levi, Luca Martino. "Labour-Market Outsiders, Italian Justices and the Right to Social Assistance." European Constitutional Law Review 13, no. 1 (2017): 62–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019616000432.

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Constitutional right to social assistance in Italy – Lack of a universally-accessible, albeit conditional and means-tested, scheme against absolute poverty – Separation of powers – Textualism – Framers’ original understanding – Living constitutionalism and courts’ relationship with public opinion – Italian, EU and international constraints on citizenship and duration-of-residence requirements – Fiscal sustainability

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Morgenstern, Scott, Amaury Perez, and Maxfield Peterson. "Revisiting Shugart and Carey’s Relation of Executive Powers and Democratic Breakdown." Political Studies Review 18, no. 1 (2019): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478929919875059.

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This work reassesses the central thesis of Shugart and Carey’s Presidents and Assemblies, that weak presidencies make stronger, more lasting democracies. We argue that a thorough review of the literature that has evaluated this thesis thus far reveals a persistent methodological flaw that has hindered an adequate conclusion on its accuracy. While many scholars have revisited the role of presidential systems in democratic failure, comparative analyses of presidential systems have relied on additive, rather than combinatorial, measures of presidential power. We demonstrate why this produces misleading inferences about presidential power, and offer a novel methodology for its assessment. Following an investigation and replication of Shugart and Carey’s original work that incorporates the progress of the cases they studied since 1992, we test our new method on their hypothesis, and find little support for their argument. However, our combinatorial approach invites future researchers to make their own theoretically informed arguments about the relative weight of different presidential powers within a methodological framework that avoids the errors of previous work on the topic.

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SCHROER, ROBERT. "Conceivability Arguments, Properties, and Powers: A New Defense of Dispositionalism." Journal of the American Philosophical Association 4, no. 3 (2018): 352–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/apa.2018.28.

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ABSTRACTDispositionalists maintain that the essence of a property is determined by the powers it confers upon its bearers and, as a result, that there is a necessary connection between properties and their powers. Contingentists, in contrast, maintain that the connection is contingent. The ability to conceive of a property as failing to confer some of its powers is often cited as an objection against dispositionalism. The standard dispositionalist response to this objection is to redescribe the imagined scenario so that it no longer serves as a threat. Using the literature on phenomenal concepts as inspiration, I develop a new defense of dispositionalism that echoes Brian Loar's (1990) response to conceivability arguments against physicalism. Not only can Loar's general strategy be usefully applied to this new context, there is a sense in which that strategy works better here than it does in the original context in which Loar deployed it.

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De Ninno, Fabio. "The Italian Navy and Japan, the Indian Ocean, Failed Cooperation, and Tripartite Relations (1935–1943)." War in History 27, no. 2 (2018): 224–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968344518777270.

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Studies of the relations between the Tripartite powers have primarily been concentrated on the relations of Nazi Germany with Imperial Japan and Fascist Italy. This article, based on original documents from the Italian archives, offers an original insight on the Italian perspective about the naval relations between Italy and Japan before and during the early years of the Second World War. It analyses the strategic motivation that led Fascist Italy to seek naval cooperation with Japan and how their relationship evolved during the period between the Ethiopian War (1935–6) to the end of the Axis campaign in North Africa in 1943.

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Lehrer, Keith. "Thomas Reid on truth, evidence and first principles." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 41, S1 (2014): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2014.897472.

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Reid had a theory of the human mind containing a theory of truth, both of our evidence of truth and the conditions of truth, fully consistent with empiricism. The justification and evidence of first principles is something felt in consciousness rather than some external relation. This is the result of our faculties, original and natural powers of our constitution. Original convictions and conceptions arise from our faculties in response to experience as a result of our natural development. Reid combines elements of foundationalism, coherentism, falliblism and nominalism. I distinguish and compare Reid to Hume, Moore, Quine, James and Wittgenstein.

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Palmer, Robert C. "The Federal Common Law of Crime." Law and History Review 4, no. 2 (1986): 267–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/743829.

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The United States Constitution established a federal system, not a national government. States continued necessarily and by design as active and important centers of governmental activity. States were institutions of inherent authority, while the federal government by original intent and then explicitly by amendment, was a government of only delegated powers. Since the federal government derived its power directly from the people and acted directly on individuals, it was decisively more powerful than the pre-Constitution Confederation. But the Bill of Rights itself is evidence of the continued worry, pervasive until modified by the Reconstruction Amendments, that the federal government might, but should not, overwhelm the states.

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Al-Khusaibi, T. M., K. A. Ellithy, and M. R. Irving. "State-of-the-Art Methods for Electric Power Systems Voltage Stability Analysis." Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 5 (December 1, 2000): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol5iss0pp247-263.

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This paper presents a literature survey on the subject of voltage stability analysis of power systems. The survey describes several published methods and techniques used to determine voltage stability indices. These indices predict proximity to voltage instability and collapse problems. The Q-V and P-V curves; singular value decomposition; modal analysis; test function; reduced determinant; loading margin by multiple power flow solutions; local load margins; thevenin/load impedance; and energy function are the methods which have been decribed in the paper. The methods described are based on the original work that first proposed them. They are based on the power-flow system model, where the variation of real and reactive powers are assumed to be the main parameters driving the system to voltage instability. Some of the described methods were applied on the IEEE 30-bus power system.

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34

Lincove, David. "Book Review: The Powers of U.S. Congress: Where Constitutional Authority Begins and Ends." Reference & User Services Quarterly 57, no. 1 (2017): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.57.1.6458.

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his book offers an overview and analysis of the twenty-one powers of the US Congress as enumerated in the Constitution. It is organized by the powers of Congress in the order that they appear in Article I Section 8, Article II Section 2, and the enforcement provisions in the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments. Editor Brien Hallett (University of Hawaii, Manoa) introduces the book with historical background on how the American colonies developed the concepts and structures that led to the Constitution. Most important are social contract theory and the influence of the European commercial revolution in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries that had an impact on the original design of colonial government in America.

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Coticchia, Fabrizio, and Francesco N. Moro. "Peaceful legislatures? Parliaments and military interventions after the Cold War: Insights from Germany and Italy." International Relations 34, no. 4 (2020): 482–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047117819900250.

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The article contributes to the growing debate on parliamentary war powers and shows how parliaments matter in shaping both force deployment and force employment. Through original analysis of the Italian and German decision-making on military interventions after the Cold War, the article illustrates how formal and informal constraints shape the opportunity structures faced by executives that are willing to undertake military interventions. Revisiting, and building on, the great deal of research recently emerged on institutional constraints to the use of force, the article details the types of costs – namely, transaction and audience costs – linked to involvement of legislatives in the decision-making and provides empirical support for theories based on parliamentary war powers, adding new dimensions of analysis.

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Bush, Darren. "The Death of the Tunney Act at the Hands of an Activist D.C. Circuit." Antitrust Bulletin 63, no. 1 (2018): 113–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003603x18756146.

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The Tunney Act and its 2004 Amendment have sought to eliminate judicial rubber-stamping of antitrust consent decrees. Congress sought to assure meaningful judicial review of consent decrees to assure they were in the public interest. The caselaw in the D.C. Circuit undermines the purpose, intent, and plain meaning of the Tunney Act by arguing that such review would present separation of powers issues, an argument at best disingenuous in light of other settlements readily rejected within the Circuit. The Article commences with a review of the legislative history of the original Tunney Act. The article next examines the D.C. Circuit cases against that the drafters of the Amendment to the Tunney Act are rebelling. This legislative history is highlighted and extended in the legislative history of the 2004 TunneyAct Amendment. The article next describes how D.C. district courts uniformly ignore and dismiss the Congressional intent behind the 2004 Amendment under the auspices of prosecutorial discretion. Finally, the Article tackles the (false) problem of separation of powers the D.C. Circuit case law presents and proposes a solution to this deadlock that is true to the original intent of the Tunney Act.

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Wu, Ming-Te. "Artifact Effect Reduction Using Power and Entropy Algorithms." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 31, no. 07 (2017): 1754012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021800141754012x.

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In this paper, a method is proposed to reduce artifact effect for images. The proposed approach first decomposes an original image into four subband images. The powers of the four sub-images are calculated and compared with a power threshold accompanying entropy measure to decide that whether the sub-images are reserved or not. The pixels of the reserved sub-images are then compared with a pixel threshold accompanying different entropy measure in order to determine that the pixel is discarded or not. The experimental results of this approach in comparison with other methods are performed both subjectively and qualitatively and shown that the proposed algorithms could reconstruct the desired recovered performance subjectively and objectively.

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Chan, Ray. "Police powers and accountability in China and Hong Kong: a comparative perspective." Asian Education and Development Studies 3, no. 3 (2014): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeds-08-2014-0036.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study police powers and accountability from a comparative perspective in both China and Hong Kong. Design/methodology/approach – This paper compares and contrasts police powers and accountability. Findings – The implications are many, including different political systems in which China is more authoritarian or paternalistic whereas Hong Kong is more pluralistic; checks and balances mechanisms in Hong Kong are far greater than in China; and the concept of accountability to the public is different in that Hong Kong police are accountable to members of the public but the mainland Chinese police force has a limited and top-down concept of accountability. Originality/value – An original comparative approach to policing in Hong Kong and China.

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Thomas, RobertLlewellyn, Anton Fries, and Darryl Hodgkinson. "Plastic Surgery Pioneers of the Central Powers in the Great War." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 12, no. 1 (2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1660443.

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Plastic surgical techniques were described in antiquity and the Middle Ages; however, the genesis of modern plastic surgery is in the early 20th century. The exigencies of trench warfare, combined with medical and technological advances at that time, enabled pioneers such as Sir Harold Gillies to establish what is now recognized as plastic and reconstructive surgery. The physicians of Germany, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire were faced with the same challenges; it is fascinating to consider parallel developments in these countries. A literature review was performed relating to the work of Esser, Lanz, Joseph, Morestin, and Filatov. Their original textbooks were reviewed. We describe the clinical, logistical, and psychological approaches to managing plastic surgical patients of these physicians and compare and contrast them to those of the Allies, identifying areas of influence such as Gillies’ adoption of Filatov's tube pedicle flap.

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Sieberer, Ulrich. "Checks or Toothless Tigers? Powers and Incentives of External Officeholders to Constrain the Cabinet in 25 European Democracies." Government and Opposition 47, no. 4 (2012): 517–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2012.01373.x.

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AbstractUnder what conditions and to what extent do external officeholders in parliamentary democracies constrain the cabinet's freedom of action? The article argues that we must analyse both institutional powers and officeholders’ incentives to use them to obtain an unbiased estimate of the expected constraint. It measures the incentives dimension via the selection method of external officeholders and develops an index to capture the likelihood that such officeholders hold preferences deviant from those of the cabinet. Analysing original data on four external constraint institutions in 25 European democracies, the article shows major variation in the incentives to constrain the cabinet across both offices and countries. Furthermore, it demonstrates that institutional powers and incentives for their use are empirically largely independent dimensions.

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Mattox, Mickey L. "Imago diaboli? Luther’s Anthropological Holism." Pro Ecclesia: A Journal of Catholic and Evangelical Theology 29, no. 4 (2020): 449–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063851220952319.

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The Flacian controversy in mid-16th century Lutheranism turned on the question whether as a consequence of original sin the image of God in humankind has been lost and replaced by the image of the devil. Is the fallen human being evil per se? Examining Martin Luther’s comments on the story of creation and fall in his Genesis Lectures (1535-1545), I argue that Luther’s insistence on the loss of the imago dei results in an anthropology closer to that of Thomas Aquinas than to Luther’s uncompromising disciple, Matthias Flacius Illyricus. For both Thomas and Luther, original sin is a holistic term that reflects the absence of original righteousness in the essence of the soul. Luther rejects any substantial reading of original sin that would ontologize it as the very substance of the human being. His anthropological holism means that sin has a deleterious effect on the whole human being, including all the powers of body and soul. Sin is privative, a spiritual leprosy that corrupts the whole human being.

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Fathally, Jabeur. "Des Pouvoirs Souverains des Assemblées Constituantes Post-Révolutions : Réflexion à Partir du Cas de L'assemblée Constituante Tunisienne (ANC)." African Journal of International and Comparative Law 27, no. 2 (2019): 246–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ajicl.2019.0271.

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The experience of Tunisia's Constituent Assembly has raised important constitutional questions regarding the assembly's powers, and has provoked a dispute both political and doctrinal between two opposing constitutionalist discourses. One discourse would like to attribute to the Assembly an ‘original’ and absolute power, thereby exempting it from an obligation to respect a pre-Constitution road map and to ‘prepare’ the constitution within a one-year deadline; the other contests the Assembly's very legitimacy following the deadline's expiration, arguing that the real constituent power belongs to the people. In referring to multiple constitutional experiences, the present article will seek to the find a middle ground between these opposing views, and argue that the Assembly does not have a constituent power; rather, the Assembly has an inherent constituting competence that is limited by pre-constituent moral obligations, and especially by the peremptory norms of international law.

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Pajvančić, Marijana. "New constitution of Serbia and autonomy of Vojvodina." Glasnik Advokatske komore Vojvodine 77, no. 10 (2005): 591–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gakv0512591p.

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This paper compares different solutions the status of the autonomous provinces in the proposals for the new constitutional status of the autonomous province The author pays special attention to the constitutional status of the autonomous province, competences (principle of distribution of powers, original und transferred competences), and the role of the autonomous province in the governance of the Republic of Serbia, financial also compared with the international standards on European regions.

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Cordonnier, Isabelle. "Asie-Pacifique : une région politique en devenir (Note)." Études internationales 25, no. 4 (2005): 653–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/703385ar.

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Without denying the importance of economies, the author underlines the necessity of analyzing the significance of Asia-Pacific as a political entity. The member States of the economics-oriented international organizations use the economic image of the region to gain political leverage at a regional or global level. This leads to an interrogation on the reality of « Asia-Pacific as a coherent political entity. The international relations in this area of the world also show an original pattern, insofar as the leadership of the « great powers » is questioned by « middle-sized » powers. The dialogue on collective security began recently and is a long way from achieving peace and stability in the region. It nevertheless shows the willingness of the Asia-Pacific States to overcome the difficulties of the post Cold War new world order

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Chen, Li, and Rong Hua Peng. "A New Algorithm for Non-Multiplier Approximation of Frequency Transformation for Two-Dimensional FRM Filters." Applied Mechanics and Materials 339 (July 2013): 451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.339.451.

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In this paper, non-multiplier approximation of frequency transformation is examined. 2-D frequency response marking filters with sum of powers-of-two (SOPOT) coefficients are designed. The numbers of adders allocated to transformation coefficients are determined in the experiments so that the resulting 2-D filters preserve the stopband attenuation of the original 1-D prototype filters. Experimental results of 2-D wideband FIR filters with low arithmetic operations and computational complexity are presented.

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Opalo, Ken Ochieng’. "Constrained Presidential Power in Africa? Legislative Independence and Executive Rule Making in Kenya, 1963–2013." British Journal of Political Science 50, no. 4 (2019): 1341–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123418000492.

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AbstractDo institutions constrain presidential power in Africa? Conventional wisdom holds that personalist rule grants African presidents unchecked powers. Consequently, there is very little research on African institutions such as legislatures and their impact on executive authority. In this article, the author uses original data on the exercise of presidential authority (issuance of subsidiary legislation) to examine how legislative independence conditions presidential rule making in Kenya. The study exploits quasi-exogenous changes in legislative independence, and finds that Kenyan presidents issue relatively more Legal Notices under periods of legislative weakness, but are constrained from doing so under periods of legislative independence. These findings shed new light on institutional politics in Kenya, and illustrate how executive–legislative relations in the country conform to standard predictions in the literature on unilateral executive action.

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HARDING, Andrew. "Devolution of Powers in Sarawak: A Dynamic Process of Redesigning Territorial Governance in a Federal System." Asian Journal of Comparative Law 12, no. 2 (2017): 257–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asjcl.2017.13.

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AbstractThis article is based on a case study of the developing process of devolution of powers in Sarawak as an aspect of the operation of cooperative federalism in Malaysia. The argument developed is that devolution can be seen and used in conjunction with and in reinforcement of federalism, rather than being simply an alternative method of decentralizing powers. The study finds that this approach may be more promising than a more confrontational approach based on arguments around the fulfilment of the original federal bargain, and is also potentially more open-ended and creative (a process rather than an event), embracing issues within the federal bargain but also issues that are not dealt with in that bargain. The study is based on a unique opportunity to canvass the views of Sarawak leaders at the iteration of the devolution process.

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Boulatov, Roman. "Understanding the reaction that powers this world: Biomimetic studies of respiratory O2 reduction by cytochrome oxidase." Pure and Applied Chemistry 76, no. 6 (2004): 1293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200476061293.

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As was drawn to my attention by Prof.Y. Naruta (Institute for Fundamental Research of Organic Chemistry, Kyushu University, Japan; <naruta@ms.ifoc.kyushu-u.ac.jp>), the chemical structure in original Fig. 5 erroneously omitted 3-methyl groups from the distal pyridines and showed an ether rather than the correct amide linker between the porphin and the distal superstructure. In addition, the caption did not make it sufficiently clear that the O2 adduct is a monocation,whose counterion, BF4−, was omitted for clarity.The corrected version of Fig. 5 with the caption is below.

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Bradley, Richard, and Aaron Watson. "Breemie Stanes, Aberdeenshire: A note on a modern stone circle." Scottish Archaeological Journal 36-37, no. 1 (2015): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/saj.2014.0052.

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This note describes a stone circle in north-east Scotland which was inspired by prehistoric prototypes but built in 2004. It considers the circumstances in which the monument was constructed and used, the intentions of the original designer and its relationship to authentic examples in the same region. The circle is a particularly close copy of ancient structures in the vicinity, yet it was conceived by a modern shaman and its layout was apparently influenced by contacts with supernatural powers.

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Hedges, Michael. "‘Modulation’ by Richard Powers: Digital sound, compression and the short story." Short Fiction in Theory & Practice 11, no. 1-2 (2021): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/fict_00042_1.

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This article presents a reading of ‘Modulation’ (2008) by Richard Powers. Firstly, I consider the short story’s representation of the MP3 music file, specifically its effects on how music is circulated and stored, as well as how it sounds. These changes are the result of different processes of compression. The MP3 format makes use of data compression to reduce the file size of a digital recording significantly. Such a loss of information devises new social and material relations between what remains of the original music, the recording industry from which MP3s emerged and the online markets into which they enter. I argue that ‘Modulation’ is a powerful evocation of a watershed moment in how we consume digital sound: what Jonathan Sterne has termed the rise of the MP3 as ‘cultural artifact’. I contend that the short story, like the MP3, is also a compressed manner of representation. I use narrative theory and short story criticism to substantiate this claim, before positioning ‘Modulation’ alongside Powers’s novels of information. I conclude by suggesting that ‘Modulation’ offers an alternative to representing information through an excess of data. This article reads Powers’s compressed prose as a formal iteration of the data compression the story narrates.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Original powers'

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