Academic literature on the topic 'Original products'

In this study we explore the problem of purchase cart recommendationin the field of retail. How can we push the right customize purchase cart that would consider both habits and serendipity constraints? Recommender Systems application is widely restricted to Internet services providers: movie recommendation, e-commerce, search engine. We brought algorithmic and technological breakthroughs to outdated retail systems while keeping in mind its own specificities: purchase cart rather than single products, restricted interactions between customers and products. After collecting ingenious recommendations methods, we defined two major directions - the correctness and the serendipity - that would serve as discriminant aspects to compare multiple solutions we implemented. We expect our solutions to have beneficial impacts on customers, gaining time and open-mindedness, and gradually obliterate the separation between supermarkets and e-commerce platforms as far as customized experience is concerned.

Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата економічних наук зі спеціальністі 08.00.04 – економіка та управління підприємствами (за видами економічної діяльності). – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут". – Харків, 2016. У дисертації на прикладі ринку автозапчастин сформовано науково-методичні підходи та рекомендації щодо визначення повного комплексу майнових та немайнових збитків правовласників від порушення їх виключних прав. Запропоновано у введеному визначенні категорій "контрафакт", "шкода" і "збитки" враховувати їх різну економіко-правову природу, що дозволяє з системних позицій визначати сутність контрафактної діяльності та її наслідки. Досліджено теоретико-методичні засади формування ринку автозапчастин з урахування контрафактної продукції. Доведено, що на ринках з контрафактною складовою існують дві крапки ринкової рівноваги, які визначають момент перетину кривої попиту кривими пропозиції, одна з яких відповідає ринку оригінальних, а інша – сумісному ринку оригінальних та контрафактних виробів. Запропоновано структурно-блочну модель визначення збитків правовласників від порушення виключних прав, яка включає в себе наступні цільові (однорідні) групи: прямі (реальні) збитки правовласника, супутні збитки, упущена вигода та моральна шкода. Розроблено комплекс методичних рекомендацій по визначенню кожного з структурних елементів основних блоків збитків правовласників при порушенні їх виключних прав.<br>Dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of candidate of economic sciences, specialty 08.00.04 – economy and management of enterprises (economic activities). – National technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute". – Kharkov, 2016. In the thesis on the example of automotive spare parts market generated scientific and methodological approaches and recommendations on the definition of a full range of pecuniary and non-pecuniary losses of copyright holders from infringement of their exclusive rights. Proposed in the introduced definition of the categories "counterfeit", "harm" and "losses" take into account their different economic-legal nature that allows a system approach to determine the nature of counterfeiting and its consequences. Investigated theoretical and methodical bases of formation of the market of spare parts-registration of counterfeit products. It is proved that in markets with counterfeit component there are two points of market equilibrium that determine the point of intersection of the demand curve and curves offers, one of which corresponds to the original market, and the other compatible market the original and counterfeit products. A structural-block model for determination of loss of rights holders from infringements of the exclusive rights, which includes the following target (homogeneous) groups: direct (real) loss of the right holder, associated losses, loss of profit and moral damage. Developed a set of methodological recommendations by definition of each of the structural elements of the main blocks of the losses of rights holders for violation of their exclusive rights.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the country of origin effect on consumers’ perception regarding consumer products from India. Indian consumer products are not well known in Europe and other Western countries. Therefore this research is focusing on the expectations consumers have about a certain product from a certain country and not on the experience. In order to understand those expectations, four interviews were conducted on potential Western European consumers. Those interviews were analysed using a framework which consists of a combination between a country of origin effect model and the brand equity model. The combination of the two models helped to understand the expectations which Western consumers can have regarding foreign products, in the case of this study, consumer products from India. It can be seen that three country of origin mechanisms were existent but not very strongly developed. As an example the cognitive country of origin mechanism had almost no direct influence on the brand awareness, as the interviewees were not able to recall or recognize any Indian brand logo which was shown during the interview. This means that the consumers interviewed in this paper are not extremely negatively nor positively influenced by the country of origin effect of India.

Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата економічних наук зі спеціальністі 08.00.04 – економіка та управління підприємствами (за видами економічної діяльності). – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут". – Харків, 2016. У дисертації на прикладі ринку автозапчастин сформовано науково-методичні підходи та рекомендації щодо визначення повного комплексу майнових та немайнових збитків правовласників від порушення їх виключних прав. Запропоновано у введеному визначенні категорій "контрафакт", "шкода" і "збитки" враховувати їх різну економіко-правову природу, що дозволяє з системних позицій визначати сутність контрафактної діяльності та її наслідки. Досліджено теоретико-методичні засади формування ринку автозапчастин з урахування контрафактної продукції. Доведено, що на ринках з контрафактною складовою існують дві крапки ринкової рівноваги, які визначають момент перетину кривої попиту кривими пропозиції, одна з яких відповідає ринку оригінальних, а інша – сумісному ринку оригінальних та контрафактних виробів. Запропоновано структурно-блочну модель визначення збитків правовласників від порушення виключних прав, яка включає в себе наступні цільові (однорідні) групи: прямі (реальні) збитки правовласника, супутні збитки, упущена вигода та моральна шкода. Розроблено комплекс методичних рекомендацій по визначенню кожного з структурних елементів основних блоків збитків правовласників при порушенні їх виключних прав.<br>Dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of candidate of economic sciences, specialty 08.00.04 – economy and management of enterprises (economic activities). – National technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute". – Kharkov, 2016. In the thesis on the example of automotive spare parts market generated scientific and methodological approaches and recommendations on the definition of a full range of pecuniary and non-pecuniary losses of copyright holders from infringement of their exclusive rights. Proposed in the introduced definition of the categories "counterfeit", "harm" and "losses" take into account their different economic-legal nature that allows a system approach to determine the nature of counterfeiting and its consequences. Investigated theoretical and methodical bases of formation of the market of spare parts-registration of counterfeit products. It is proved that in markets with counterfeit component there are two points of market equilibrium that determine the point of intersection of the demand curve and curves offers, one of which corresponds to the original market, and the other compatible market the original and counterfeit products. A structural-block model for determination of loss of rights holders from infringements of the exclusive rights, which includes the following target (homogeneous) groups: direct (real) loss of the right holder, associated losses, loss of profit and moral damage. Developed a set of methodological recommendations by definition of each of the structural elements of the main blocks of the losses of rights holders for violation of their exclusive rights.

Abstract Title: Does the Country of Origin Matter for Sustainable Products? A Comparison of European Sporting Goods Producers Level: Final assignment for Master Degree in Business Administration Author: Edith Anna Voithofer Supervisor: Jonas Kågström, Ph.D. Date: January 24, 2013 Aim of study: The brand name and its country of origin is information that is used from consumers to make purchase decisions. Although existing research discusses several country of origin – aspects from other industries, literature within the sporting goods industry is still spare. Environmental pollution is an important topic nowadays, and the sporting goods industry is trying to include more “green” aspects within their business strategy, or is already quite successful in doing so. To fill the research gap, this thesis focuses on sustainable producers with a very good sustainable reputation in order to analyze the importance of the country of origin effect within the sustainable outdoor industry. Methodology: For this paper a conclusive research design was taken, as it is more formal, and used to test specific relationships. The quantitative research included respondents from two sustainable outdoor brands (originally from Sweden and Germany) who answered an online survey. Basis for the selection process was the independent bluesign® standard, a strong and global sustainability standard. The survey included five constructs to quantify the dimensions of brand equity and overall brand equity. Results: Both respondent groups are similar regarding their demographic data characteristics and their opinion when it comes to the quality of outdoor goods and its brand association. In particular, they seem to feel strongly connected towards the brands; they were proud and very loyal. Nevertheless, differences were identified. Sustainable products seem to be valued higher from Swedish respondents, whereas loyalty seems to be more important for German participants. Contribution of the study: Although existing research discusses several country of origin related aspects from other industries, relevant literature within the sporting goods industry, and here specifically the sustainable outdoor industry is still sparse. These topics are covered in this study. Keywords: Country of origin, Sustainability, Sporting Goods Industry, Outdoor Industry

Au cours de ce travail, nous avons abordé la synthèse biomimétique sous des angles variés. Une déclinaison des approches bio-inspirées a en effet permis de réaliser plusieurs synthèses totales d'alcaloïdes polycycliques complexes. La biogenèse des substances naturelles considérées est placée au centre de la démarche. Au départ, pour définir la stratégie de synthèse puis, en conclusion, lorsque les synthèses réalisées mènent a des hypothèses biosynthétiques plus abouties.Le squelette des drimentines, alcaloïdes hybrides possédant une partie sesquiterpénique, a été obtenu grâce à une séquence de désaromatisation-cyclisation qui mime l'étape-clé de la biogenèse de ces métabolites spécialisés.Une stratégie d'auto-assemblage par dimérisation a été adoptée afin d'étudier les liens synthétiques et biosynthétiques qui unissent les alcaloïdes marins de la famille des aplysinopsines. Au cours de cette étude, les premières synthèses totales du dictazole B et du tubastrindole B ont été réalisées. De plus, l'obtention d'analogues proches des substances décrites et d'un intermédiaire biogénétique supposé a permis de développer une hypothèse de biogenèse se fondant sur la spontanéité et les réactivités chimiques observés au cours de l'étude. L'application de la catalyse à l'ADN à ces travaux a également conduit à des résultats prometteurs.Enfin, une méthode bio-informatique récente appelée "molecular networking" peut être mise à profit afin d'exploiter la diversité de mélanges synthétiques complexes générés par la mise en présence de quelques précurseurs simples. La démarche s'applique à des mélanges connus dans lesquels la nitraramine ou la nitrarine se forment ainsi qu'à des mélanges inédits pouvant conduire, par exemple, au myrifabral A.Ces études montrent encore une fois que la synthèse biomimétique est un outil puissant pour la synthèse totale de substances naturelles polycycliques complexes et ce de bien des manières. On peut retenir que ces stratégies permettent d'accéder à des cibles extrêmement complexes avec simplicité, sobriété et élégance<br>This work features various approaches of biomimetic organic syntheses. Biosynthetic considerations have been placed at the center of our analysis in order to define the synthetic plans and later to propose biosynthetic hypotheses.First, the skeleton of drimentines, hybrid alkaloids containing a sesquiterpenic unit, has been obtained by mimicking the main event of their postulated biosynthesis.In a wider study, the marine alkaloid family of the aplysinopsins has been treated with two total syntheses, of dictazole B and tubastrindole B, as well as a full bio-relevant aplysinopsins’ cascade and the application of DNA catalysis principles to the series.Finally, novel dereplication techniques relying on "molecular networking are currently tested on complex synthetic mixtures to merge one step total syntheses and diversity oriented synthesis

Although COO has been a topic of central interest in international marketing research, most work has focused on consumers in western countries. The concept of product usage experience, though often implied in COO research, has yet to be investigated more directly and explicitly. The goal of the study is to examine the relationships among COO perceptions, product usage experience and purchase intention among Chinese consumers. The study examined two kinds of product usage experiences (usage variety and frequency) pertaining to products (products in general and laptop computers in specific) made in two countries (America and China). Empirical data gathered from a survey were used to test two sets of research hypotheses pertaining to America and China respectively. The results supported the hypothesized interactions between COO ratings and product usage experiences in predicting purchase intention of American products among Chinese consumers. The interactions between COO ratings and usage experience in predicting purchase intention of Chinese products among Chinese consumers were partially supported.

Background: The sociodemographic characteristics of consumers, as important determinants of consumer behavior, has not received much attention in research on Country of Origin (COO) effect. In practical, the rapid progress of urbanization in China has brought great demand in the furniture and home-decoration market. Sweden has variety of world-famous furniture and home-decoration brands and most of these have established business in China. There has rarely been research on Chinese consumers’ perceptions of Swedish furniture and home-decoration brands. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Chinese consumers’ sociodemographic characteristics on COO product image in terms of Swedish furniture and home-decoration products and how this affects and influences purchase intentions. Methods: Quantitative research is used in this study through a survey based on an online questionnaire. We test our research model with seven hypotheses based on the survey consisting of 269 valid questionnaires from Chinese consumers. Findings: This empirical study investigates Chinese consumers’ perceptions of Country of Origin image in their evaluation of Swedish furniture and home-decoration products and examines how these are affected by consumers’ sociodemographic characteristics. Taking into account the distinct situation of the Chinese market, we disentangle sociodemographic aspects: age, gender, education and individual income, especially in terms of overseas experience and the scale of city in which the consumer lives. We posit that Chinese consumers’ perceptions of Swedish furniture and home-decoration products vary across distinct facets of sociodemographics. Our finding is that age, education, overseas experience and scale of city do have a significant effect on COO product image, but that age and individual income do not significant influence COO product image.

<p>This study examines how consumers perceive the overall quality and similarity/fit of the brand extensions (Nike camera, Nike socks, and Nike golf balls) in relation to the original brand (Nike athletic shoes) and how these perceptions influence their attitudes towards the extensions. The researcher proposes that the perceived overall quality of the brand extensions will be congruent to that of the original brand and that the attitude towards the brand extensions will be favourable only when there is a perceived similarity/fit between the brand extensions and the original brand. In order to get these insights, the study surveyed 147 undergraduate and postgraduate students from the University of the Western Cape across all faculties. A non-probability convenience sampling method was used to access respondents. To collect data, qualitative and quantitative methods were employed using a questionnaire which consisted of open-ended and closed-ended questions in the form of free associations technique and 5-point Likert scales. The data gathered was analysed by means of descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation coefficient. The findings indicate two things. (1) respondents only perceived Nike socks&rsquo<br>overall quality to be congruent to the original brand, Nike athletic shoes. (2) respondents only perceived Nike socks to be strongly similar to the original brand, Nike athletic shoes.</p>

En cette fin de 20ème siècle, la " France des terroirs " s'inventorie et s'expose, les produits revendiquent et affichent leurs origines. Le " marché des terroirs " s'organise en réponse à une demande croissante des consommateurs et à des enjeux culturels, territoriaux et économiques. Mais derrière cette image simple de terroir, qu'entend-on par produit lié à une origine géographique ? Le foisonnement et le caractère hétéroclite des produits dits de terroir attestent d'une tendance à la banalisation de l'offre et à la confusion des repères des consommateurs. Il s'ensuit une fragilisation des productions ancrées aux lieux. Dans ce contexte, l'objet de cette thèse est de définir ce que sont aujourd'hui les produits alimentaires liés à une origine géographique et de considérer au travers du filtre des signes officiels d'identification de l'origine, les conditions de leur pérennisation à partir de l'étude comparée de six produits situés dans le Sud-Ouest de la France. La définition de cet objet de recherche repose sur l'identification d'un intérêt particulier pour ces productions différenciées liées à l'origine dont l'ampleur croissante, identifiée depuis une vingtaine d'années, montre qu'ils sont au coeur d'enjeux qui favorisent le développement de ces productions en ce qu'elles constituent une des réponses possibles à la demande de notre société. Pourtant, force est de constater que cet intérêt se manifeste par l'émergence d'un segment de marché. Dans ce contexte, la pérennisation de ces productions originales passe d'abord par une meilleure identification de leurs spécificités, ce qui suppose finalement une question préalable : qu'est-ce aujourd'hui qu'un produit alimentaire lié à une origine géographique ? Pour répondre à cette question et tenter d'y voir plus clair, aussi bien du point de vue des facteurs de fragilisation de ces productions, que des moyens à mettre en oeuvre pour faciliter leur pérennisation, nous avons commencé par effectuer un retour sur les concepts et proposer un cadre de définition des produits de terroir. Dans un second temps, nous avons montré, à travers l'analyse des enjeux qui soustendent le développement de ces produits, et notamment de l'offre sur le marché, le caractère impératif d'une meilleure identification. Celle-ci repose en partie sur l'existence d'une réglementation ancienne relative aux appellations d'origine. Nous montrons que ses évolutions récentes tant à l'échelle française qu'à l'échelle européenne constituent une reconnaissance des enjeux liés à ces productions différenciées : les réglementations relatives à la protection des dénominations géographiques apparaissent aujourd'hui comme de véritables outils d'aménagement du territoire. Pourtant, ces outils ne constituent ni la voie unique, ni une condition suffisante à la pérennisation de ces productions : d'autres conditions apparaissent aujourd'hui nécessaires à leur bonne valorisation. C'est la raison pour laquelle, nous nous sommes plus particulièrement intéressés aux facteurs de réussite des démarches de protection des dénominations géographiques à partir d'une grille d'analyse multicritères de l'ancrage au lieu.