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CARRA, Florian. "Recommender System for Retail Industry : Ease customers’ purchase by generating personal purchase carts consisting of relevant and original products." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-181907.
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In this study we explore the problem of purchase cart recommendationin the field of retail. How can we push the right customize purchase cart that would consider both habits and serendipity constraints? Recommender Systems application is widely restricted to Internet services providers: movie recommendation, e-commerce, search engine. We brought algorithmic and technological breakthroughs to outdated retail systems while keeping in mind its own specificities: purchase cart rather than single products, restricted interactions between customers and products. After collecting ingenious recommendations methods, we defined two major directions - the correctness and the serendipity - that would serve as discriminant aspects to compare multiple solutions we implemented. We expect our solutions to have beneficial impacts on customers, gaining time and open-mindedness, and gradually obliterate the separation between supermarkets and e-commerce platforms as far as customized experience is concerned.
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Ткачов, Максим Михайлович. "Оцінювання збитків правовласників від контрафактної діяльності на ринку автозапчастин". Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/21948.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата економічних наук зі спеціальністі 08.00.04 – економіка та управління підприємствами (за видами економічної діяльності). – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут". – Харків, 2016.
У дисертації на прикладі ринку автозапчастин сформовано науково-методичні підходи та рекомендації щодо визначення повного комплексу майнових та немайнових збитків правовласників від порушення їх виключних прав. Запропоновано у введеному визначенні категорій "контрафакт", "шкода" і "збитки" враховувати їх різну економіко-правову природу, що дозволяє з системних позицій визначати сутність контрафактної діяльності та її наслідки. Досліджено теоретико-методичні засади формування ринку автозапчастин з урахування контрафактної продукції. Доведено, що на ринках з контрафактною складовою існують дві крапки ринкової рівноваги, які визначають момент перетину кривої попиту кривими пропозиції, одна з яких відповідає ринку оригінальних, а інша – сумісному ринку оригінальних та контрафактних виробів. Запропоновано структурно-блочну модель визначення збитків правовласників від порушення виключних прав, яка включає в себе наступні цільові (однорідні) групи: прямі (реальні) збитки правовласника, супутні збитки, упущена вигода та моральна шкода. Розроблено комплекс методичних рекомендацій по визначенню кожного з структурних елементів основних блоків збитків правовласників при порушенні їх виключних прав.<br>Dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of candidate of economic sciences, specialty 08.00.04 – economy and management of enterprises (economic activities). – National technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute". – Kharkov, 2016. In the thesis on the example of automotive spare parts market generated scientific and methodological approaches and recommendations on the definition of a full range of pecuniary and non-pecuniary losses of copyright holders from infringement of their exclusive rights. Proposed in the introduced definition of the categories "counterfeit", "harm" and "losses" take into account their different economic-legal nature that allows a system approach to determine the nature of counterfeiting and its consequences. Investigated theoretical and methodical bases of formation of the market of spare parts-registration of counterfeit products. It is proved that in markets with counterfeit component there are two points of market equilibrium that determine the point of intersection of the demand curve and curves offers, one of which corresponds to the original market, and the other compatible market the original and counterfeit products. A structural-block model for determination of loss of rights holders from infringements of the exclusive rights, which includes the following target (homogeneous) groups: direct (real) loss of the right holder, associated losses, loss of profit and moral damage. Developed a set of methodological recommendations by definition of each of the structural elements of the main blocks of the losses of rights holders for violation of their exclusive rights.
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Renkema, Marije, and Elio Schöfer. "Investigating the country of origin effect on consumers’ perception regarding consumer products – the case of India." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-25702.
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The purpose of this research was to investigate the country of origin effect on consumers’ perception regarding consumer products from India. Indian consumer products are not well known in Europe and other Western countries. Therefore this research is focusing on the expectations consumers have about a certain product from a certain country and not on the experience. In order to understand those expectations, four interviews were conducted on potential Western European consumers. Those interviews were analysed using a framework which consists of a combination between a country of origin effect model and the brand equity model. The combination of the two models helped to understand the expectations which Western consumers can have regarding foreign products, in the case of this study, consumer products from India. It can be seen that three country of origin mechanisms were existent but not very strongly developed. As an example the cognitive country of origin mechanism had almost no direct influence on the brand awareness, as the interviewees were not able to recall or recognize any Indian brand logo which was shown during the interview. This means that the consumers interviewed in this paper are not extremely negatively nor positively influenced by the country of origin effect of India.
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Ткачов, Максим Михайлович. "Оцінювання збитків правовласників від контрафактної діяльності на ринку автозапчастин". Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/21944.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата економічних наук зі спеціальністі 08.00.04 – економіка та управління підприємствами (за видами економічної діяльності). – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут". – Харків, 2016.
У дисертації на прикладі ринку автозапчастин сформовано науково-методичні підходи та рекомендації щодо визначення повного комплексу майнових та немайнових збитків правовласників від порушення їх виключних прав. Запропоновано у введеному визначенні категорій "контрафакт", "шкода" і "збитки" враховувати їх різну економіко-правову природу, що дозволяє з системних позицій визначати сутність контрафактної діяльності та її наслідки. Досліджено теоретико-методичні засади формування ринку автозапчастин з урахування контрафактної продукції. Доведено, що на ринках з контрафактною складовою існують дві крапки ринкової рівноваги, які визначають момент перетину кривої попиту кривими пропозиції, одна з яких відповідає ринку оригінальних, а інша – сумісному ринку оригінальних та контрафактних виробів. Запропоновано структурно-блочну модель визначення збитків правовласників від порушення виключних прав, яка включає в себе наступні цільові (однорідні) групи: прямі (реальні) збитки правовласника, супутні збитки, упущена вигода та моральна шкода. Розроблено комплекс методичних рекомендацій по визначенню кожного з структурних елементів основних блоків збитків правовласників при порушенні їх виключних прав.<br>Dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of candidate of economic sciences, specialty 08.00.04 – economy and management of enterprises (economic activities). – National technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute". – Kharkov, 2016. In the thesis on the example of automotive spare parts market generated scientific and methodological approaches and recommendations on the definition of a full range of pecuniary and non-pecuniary losses of copyright holders from infringement of their exclusive rights. Proposed in the introduced definition of the categories "counterfeit", "harm" and "losses" take into account their different economic-legal nature that allows a system approach to determine the nature of counterfeiting and its consequences. Investigated theoretical and methodical bases of formation of the market of spare parts-registration of counterfeit products. It is proved that in markets with counterfeit component there are two points of market equilibrium that determine the point of intersection of the demand curve and curves offers, one of which corresponds to the original market, and the other compatible market the original and counterfeit products. A structural-block model for determination of loss of rights holders from infringements of the exclusive rights, which includes the following target (homogeneous) groups: direct (real) loss of the right holder, associated losses, loss of profit and moral damage. Developed a set of methodological recommendations by definition of each of the structural elements of the main blocks of the losses of rights holders for violation of their exclusive rights.
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Voithofer, Edith Anna. "Does the country of origin matter for sustainable products? A comparison of European sporting goods producers." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-13813.
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Abstract Title: Does the Country of Origin Matter for Sustainable Products? A Comparison of European Sporting Goods Producers Level: Final assignment for Master Degree in Business Administration Author: Edith Anna Voithofer Supervisor: Jonas Kågström, Ph.D. Date: January 24, 2013 Aim of study: The brand name and its country of origin is information that is used from consumers to make purchase decisions. Although existing research discusses several country of origin – aspects from other industries, literature within the sporting goods industry is still spare. Environmental pollution is an important topic nowadays, and the sporting goods industry is trying to include more “green” aspects within their business strategy, or is already quite successful in doing so. To fill the research gap, this thesis focuses on sustainable producers with a very good sustainable reputation in order to analyze the importance of the country of origin effect within the sustainable outdoor industry. Methodology: For this paper a conclusive research design was taken, as it is more formal, and used to test specific relationships. The quantitative research included respondents from two sustainable outdoor brands (originally from Sweden and Germany) who answered an online survey. Basis for the selection process was the independent bluesign® standard, a strong and global sustainability standard. The survey included five constructs to quantify the dimensions of brand equity and overall brand equity. Results: Both respondent groups are similar regarding their demographic data characteristics and their opinion when it comes to the quality of outdoor goods and its brand association. In particular, they seem to feel strongly connected towards the brands; they were proud and very loyal. Nevertheless, differences were identified. Sustainable products seem to be valued higher from Swedish respondents, whereas loyalty seems to be more important for German participants. Contribution of the study: Although existing research discusses several country of origin related aspects from other industries, relevant literature within the sporting goods industry, and here specifically the sustainable outdoor industry is still sparse. These topics are covered in this study. Keywords: Country of origin, Sustainability, Sporting Goods Industry, Outdoor Industry
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Skiredj, Adam. "Accès facile à de nombreux squelettes originaux pour la biologie : Auto-assemblage biomimétique de structures polycycliques complexes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS176/document.
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Au cours de ce travail, nous avons abordé la synthèse biomimétique sous des angles variés. Une déclinaison des approches bio-inspirées a en effet permis de réaliser plusieurs synthèses totales d'alcaloïdes polycycliques complexes. La biogenèse des substances naturelles considérées est placée au centre de la démarche. Au départ, pour définir la stratégie de synthèse puis, en conclusion, lorsque les synthèses réalisées mènent a des hypothèses biosynthétiques plus abouties.Le squelette des drimentines, alcaloïdes hybrides possédant une partie sesquiterpénique, a été obtenu grâce à une séquence de désaromatisation-cyclisation qui mime l'étape-clé de la biogenèse de ces métabolites spécialisés.Une stratégie d'auto-assemblage par dimérisation a été adoptée afin d'étudier les liens synthétiques et biosynthétiques qui unissent les alcaloïdes marins de la famille des aplysinopsines. Au cours de cette étude, les premières synthèses totales du dictazole B et du tubastrindole B ont été réalisées. De plus, l'obtention d'analogues proches des substances décrites et d'un intermédiaire biogénétique supposé a permis de développer une hypothèse de biogenèse se fondant sur la spontanéité et les réactivités chimiques observés au cours de l'étude. L'application de la catalyse à l'ADN à ces travaux a également conduit à des résultats prometteurs.Enfin, une méthode bio-informatique récente appelée "molecular networking" peut être mise à profit afin d'exploiter la diversité de mélanges synthétiques complexes générés par la mise en présence de quelques précurseurs simples. La démarche s'applique à des mélanges connus dans lesquels la nitraramine ou la nitrarine se forment ainsi qu'à des mélanges inédits pouvant conduire, par exemple, au myrifabral A.Ces études montrent encore une fois que la synthèse biomimétique est un outil puissant pour la synthèse totale de substances naturelles polycycliques complexes et ce de bien des manières. On peut retenir que ces stratégies permettent d'accéder à des cibles extrêmement complexes avec simplicité, sobriété et élégance<br>This work features various approaches of biomimetic organic syntheses. Biosynthetic considerations have been placed at the center of our analysis in order to define the synthetic plans and later to propose biosynthetic hypotheses.First, the skeleton of drimentines, hybrid alkaloids containing a sesquiterpenic unit, has been obtained by mimicking the main event of their postulated biosynthesis.In a wider study, the marine alkaloid family of the aplysinopsins has been treated with two total syntheses, of dictazole B and tubastrindole B, as well as a full bio-relevant aplysinopsins’ cascade and the application of DNA catalysis principles to the series.Finally, novel dereplication techniques relying on "molecular networking are currently tested on complex synthetic mixtures to merge one step total syntheses and diversity oriented synthesis
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Gao, Yuze. "Chinese Consumers' Evaluation of Domestic and Foreign Products: The Roles of Country of Origin and Product Usage Experience." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4892.
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Although COO has been a topic of central interest in international marketing research, most work has focused on consumers in western countries. The concept of product usage experience, though often implied in COO research, has yet to be investigated more directly and explicitly. The goal of the study is to examine the relationships among COO perceptions, product usage experience and purchase intention among Chinese consumers. The study examined two kinds of product usage experiences (usage variety and frequency) pertaining to products (products in general and laptop computers in specific) made in two countries (America and China). Empirical data gathered from a survey were used to test two sets of research hypotheses pertaining to America and China respectively. The results supported the hypothesized interactions between COO ratings and product usage experiences in predicting purchase intention of American products among Chinese consumers. The interactions between COO ratings and usage experience in predicting purchase intention of Chinese products among Chinese consumers were partially supported.
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Luo, Dan, and Hao Yang. "Who cares about Country of Origin product image? : a study of Chinese consumers' perception of Swedish furniture & home-decoration products." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388559.
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Background: The sociodemographic characteristics of consumers, as important determinants of consumer behavior, has not received much attention in research on Country of Origin (COO) effect. In practical, the rapid progress of urbanization in China has brought great demand in the furniture and home-decoration market. Sweden has variety of world-famous furniture and home-decoration brands and most of these have established business in China. There has rarely been research on Chinese consumers’ perceptions of Swedish furniture and home-decoration brands. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Chinese consumers’ sociodemographic characteristics on COO product image in terms of Swedish furniture and home-decoration products and how this affects and influences purchase intentions. Methods: Quantitative research is used in this study through a survey based on an online questionnaire. We test our research model with seven hypotheses based on the survey consisting of 269 valid questionnaires from Chinese consumers. Findings: This empirical study investigates Chinese consumers’ perceptions of Country of Origin image in their evaluation of Swedish furniture and home-decoration products and examines how these are affected by consumers’ sociodemographic characteristics. Taking into account the distinct situation of the Chinese market, we disentangle sociodemographic aspects: age, gender, education and individual income, especially in terms of overseas experience and the scale of city in which the consumer lives. We posit that Chinese consumers’ perceptions of Swedish furniture and home-decoration products vary across distinct facets of sociodemographics. Our finding is that age, education, overseas experience and scale of city do have a significant effect on COO product image, but that age and individual income do not significant influence COO product image.
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Diniso, Chuma. "Consumers' perceptions when evaluating brand extensions in relation to the original brand." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2918_1298370876.
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<p>This study examines how consumers perceive the overall quality and similarity/fit of the brand extensions (Nike camera, Nike socks, and Nike golf balls) in relation to the original brand (Nike athletic shoes) and how these perceptions influence their attitudes towards the extensions. The researcher proposes that the perceived overall quality of the brand extensions will be congruent to that of the original brand and that the attitude towards the brand extensions will be favourable only when there is a perceived similarity/fit between the brand extensions and the original brand. In order to get these insights, the study surveyed 147 undergraduate and postgraduate students from the University of the Western Cape across all faculties. A non-probability convenience sampling method was used to access respondents. To collect data, qualitative and quantitative methods were employed using a questionnaire which consisted of open-ended and closed-ended questions in the form of free associations technique and 5-point Likert scales. The data gathered was analysed by means of descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation coefficient. The findings indicate two things. (1) respondents only perceived Nike socks&rsquo<br>overall quality to be congruent to the original brand, Nike athletic shoes. (2) respondents only perceived Nike socks to be strongly similar to the original brand, Nike athletic shoes.</p>
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Scheffer, Sandrine. "Qu'est-ce qu'un produit alimentaire lié à une origine géographique ?" Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010670.
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En cette fin de 20ème siècle, la " France des terroirs " s'inventorie et s'expose, les produits revendiquent et affichent leurs origines. Le " marché des terroirs " s'organise en réponse à une demande croissante des consommateurs et à des enjeux culturels, territoriaux et économiques. Mais derrière cette image simple de terroir, qu'entend-on par produit lié à une origine géographique ? Le foisonnement et le caractère hétéroclite des produits dits de terroir attestent d'une tendance à la banalisation de l'offre et à la confusion des repères des consommateurs. Il s'ensuit une fragilisation des productions ancrées aux lieux. Dans ce contexte, l'objet de cette thèse est de définir ce que sont aujourd'hui les produits alimentaires liés à une origine géographique et de considérer au travers du filtre des signes officiels d'identification de l'origine, les conditions de leur pérennisation à partir de l'étude comparée de six produits situés dans le Sud-Ouest de la France. La définition de cet objet de recherche repose sur l'identification d'un intérêt particulier pour ces productions différenciées liées à l'origine dont l'ampleur croissante, identifiée depuis une vingtaine d'années, montre qu'ils sont au coeur d'enjeux qui favorisent le développement de ces productions en ce qu'elles constituent une des réponses possibles à la demande de notre société. Pourtant, force est de constater que cet intérêt se manifeste par l'émergence d'un segment de marché. Dans ce contexte, la pérennisation de ces productions originales passe d'abord par une meilleure identification de leurs spécificités, ce qui suppose finalement une question préalable : qu'est-ce aujourd'hui qu'un produit alimentaire lié à une origine géographique ? Pour répondre à cette question et tenter d'y voir plus clair, aussi bien du point de vue des facteurs de fragilisation de ces productions, que des moyens à mettre en oeuvre pour faciliter leur pérennisation, nous avons commencé par effectuer un retour sur les concepts et proposer un cadre de définition des produits de terroir. Dans un second temps, nous avons montré, à travers l'analyse des enjeux qui soustendent le développement de ces produits, et notamment de l'offre sur le marché, le caractère impératif d'une meilleure identification. Celle-ci repose en partie sur l'existence d'une réglementation ancienne relative aux appellations d'origine. Nous montrons que ses évolutions récentes tant à l'échelle française qu'à l'échelle européenne constituent une reconnaissance des enjeux liés à ces productions différenciées : les réglementations relatives à la protection des dénominations géographiques apparaissent aujourd'hui comme de véritables outils d'aménagement du territoire. Pourtant, ces outils ne constituent ni la voie unique, ni une condition suffisante à la pérennisation de ces productions : d'autres conditions apparaissent aujourd'hui nécessaires à leur bonne valorisation. C'est la raison pour laquelle, nous nous sommes plus particulièrement intéressés aux facteurs de réussite des démarches de protection des dénominations géographiques à partir d'une grille d'analyse multicritères de l'ancrage au lieu.
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Young, Jacqueline Ann. "Modelling the cochlear origins of distortion product otoacoustic emissions." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/175357/.
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Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) arise within the cochlea in response to two stimulus tones (f1 and f2) at frequencies such as 2f1 − f2 and 2f2 − f1. Each DPOAE derives from two contributing mechanisms within the cochlea: a distributed distortion source and a reflection source. They are used for hearing screening, but a better understanding of their cochlear origin and transmission could potentially extend their clinical application to facilitate objective hearing loss assessment, differential diagnosis of sensorineural hearing losses and improved auditory rehabilitation using hearing aids. In this thesis a numerical model of the human cochlea is developed to study the generation of DPOAEs. It is based on a pre-existing active nonlinear model, the micromechanics of which are carefully re-tuned to simulate the response of the human cochlea to single- and two- tone stimulation. Particular attention is paid to the form and position of the nonlinearity within the model to best match experimental results. The model is also reformulated to verify its stability and ensure computational convergence of the iterative frequency domain solution method. Its predictions are validated against estimated time domain simulations and documented experimental DPOAE measurements. Additionally a novel method is developed for decomposing each frequency component of the cochlear response into forward and backward travelling waves, which is applied to investigate the multiple sources of both the 2f1 − f2 and 2f2 − f1 DPOAEs. The model is used to explain and predict a variety of phenomena observed in experimental DPOAE studies. It also confirms for the 2f1 − f2 emission, that the two source mechanisms are spatially separated and that the only significant reflection contribution is associated with the 2f1 − f2 travelling wave. In contrast, it predicts that the two source mechanisms will overlap in the case of the 2f2 − f1 DPOAE, which can be influenced by reflection of both the primary and 2f2 − f1 travelling waves.
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Inard, Nathalie. "Approche stratégique du marché des seniors dans le cadre du repositionnement d'un produit original." Toulouse 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU32034.
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Phuengsuktechasit, Phatnaree, and Pavinee Buaman. "Influence of Country of Origin on Thai consumer attitude and purchase intention toward skincare products." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-12595.
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Joussein, Emmanuel. "L'halloysite : origine de la variabilité des propriétés physico-chimiques." Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT2343.
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L’halloysite est un minéral couramment observé à travers le monde, principalement dans les andosols et les sols dérivés de dépôts volcaniques, dans les régions tropicales humides ou subtropicales. Elle se différencie notamment de la kaolinite par la présence de molécules d’eau dans son espace interfoliaire. Cependant, l’halloysite présente de nombreuses propriétés physico-chimiques encore mal expliquées comme ses propriétés d’échanges (CEC et sélectivité K) et d’intercalation de molécules organiques, ou encore son état d’hydratation. Dans le but d’étudier les propriétés physico-chimiques de l’halloysite et leurs origines, nous avons sélectionné des échantillons purs de référence ou de sols. L’état d’hydratation et la présence ou non de charges permanentes dans l’halloysite sont les paramètres importants gouvernant ses propriétés. L’halloysite-(10Å) est nettement plus réactive que son homologue déshydraté, l’intercalation des molécules organiques ou de composés ioniques étant favorisée. Les propriétés de charge et la sélectivité K+ des halloysites étudiées varient avec l’état d’hydratation du minéral, une partie des sites chargés devenant inaccessible après déshydratation. Certaines halloysites possèdent des surfaces chargées mais la présence de charges permanentes liées à des substitutions hétérovalentes ou à des impuretés n’a pas été mise en évidence dans les échantillons étudiés. Les charges permanentes dans l’halloysite seraient induites par des défauts structuraux liés à des défauts de répartition de protons<br>Halloysite clay minerals occur widely around the world, and are a major component of Andisols and soils derived from volcanic materials in wet tropical and subtropical regions. The structure and chemical composition of halloysite are similar to those of kaolinite but the unit layers in halloysite are separated by a monolayer of water molecules. However, halloysites present various characteristics toward their cation exchange capacity, potassium selectivity, hydration state, and intercalation properties. To better understand their physical chemical properties, reference and soil halloysites were used. The hydration state and the presence of charges are the key factor controlling the specific properties of halloysite. For the same sample, the intercalation of organic molecules or salts is favoured when the halloysite is hydrated. Their charge properties and K selectivity are influenced by the hydratation state. Many charged sites becomes innaccessible after dehydration. The presence of permanent charge due to heterovalent substitutions or to impurities was not evidenced in the studied samples. These permanent charges could be induce by structural defects due to defects in the distribution of protons
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MacDonald, Roberta M. "Region of origin in product evaluations by business buyers." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239839.
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Schaefer, Anja. "The impact of country of origin on product evaluations." Thesis, University of Buckingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395104.
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Pretto, Tiago Luis. "PROPOSTA DE MODELO DE DIAGNÓSTICO DA COMPETITIVIDADE DE AGROINDÚSTRIAS PRODUTORAS DE ALIMENTOS DE ORIGEM ANIMAL." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8233.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>The Brazilian agribusiness segment is experiencing a unique moment in relation to opportunities for expansion and consolidation. However, while it expands, exposes weaknesses that have led the segment s companies less competitive. The identification of internal factors, factors of segment and institutional factors that differentiate the company from its competitors is the first step to creating competitive advantage. In order to present a diagnostic model of competitiveness of agricultural industries producing food of animal origin, it is proposed to identify strengths and weaknesses related to production factors, technology, human resources, finance, marketing, management, company structure and fulfill the sanitary requirements as a way to assess the competitiveness of the microenvironment. Secondly, the assessment of the sector environment addresses issues that affect every business segment and afterwards the evaluation assesses the institutional issues that may affect the competitiveness of all businesses. Based on scores in the environmental assessment of these three levels is obtained the Agribusiness Competitiveness Factor that can be measured using indicators of overall performance specific to each category of establishment. The survey was developed based on unsystematic observations doing on Frigorífico Gassen Ltda - case study - and in literature, being the action research adopted for the work design. Built the model, this was applied on the studied company on two occasions with an interval of six months, demonstrating the validity of the proposed diagnostic tool.<br>O segmento agroindustrial brasileiro vive um momento ímpar no que tange a oportunidades de expansão e consolidação. Entretanto, ao mesmo tempo em que se expande, expõe deficiências que tem tornado as empresas do segmento menos competitivas. A identificação de fatores internos, setoriais e institucionais que diferenciem a empresa dos concorrentes é o primeiro passo para criar vantagem competitiva. No sentido de apresentar um modelo de diagnóstico da competitividade de agroindústrias produtoras de alimentos de origem animal, propõe-se a identificação de forças e fraquezas relacionadas aos fatores produção, tecnologia, recursos humanos, finanças, marketing, gestão, estrutura do estabelecimento e atendimento aos requisitos sanitários como forma de avaliar a competitividade do microambiente. Num segundo momento a avaliação do ambiente setorial aborda questões que afetam a todas as empresas do segmento e a seguir, no ambiente institucional, são avaliadas as questões que podem afetar a competitividade de todas as empresas. Com base nos escores obtidos na avaliação destes três níveis ambientais foi obtido o Fator de Competitividade Agroindustrial que pode ser aferido usando indicadores de desempenho global específicos de cada categoria de estabelecimento. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com base em observações assistemáticas realizadas no Frigorífico Gassen Ltda estudo de caso e no levantamento bibliográfico, sendo a pesquisa-ação adotada para o delineamento do trabalho. Construído o modelo, este foi aplicado na empresa estudada em dois momentos, com intervalo de seis meses, demonstrando a validade do instrumento de diagnóstico proposto.
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Ferreira, Mariane Aparecida Messetti. "Avaliação do resíduo da fermentação ABE (acetona-butanol-etanol) originado do aproveitamento da vinhaça etanólica /." Rio Claro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152618.
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Orientador: Dejanira de Franceschi de Angelis<br>Banca: Cassiana Maria Reganhan Coneglian<br>Banca: Roberta Barros Lovaglio<br>Banca: Ederio Dino Bidoia<br>Banca: Michel Brienzo<br>Resumo: Diversos estudos tem avaliado a utilização da vinhaça em uma nova fermentação, visando a obtenção de sub-produtos. Nesta fermentação, chamada acetona-butanol-etanol (ABE), bactérias anaeróbias do gênero Clostridium podem converter matéria orgânica presente na vinhaça em acetona, butanol, etanol e ácidos orgânicos, que são recuperados do caldo fermentado mediante técnicas de separação. Após a recuperação dos produtos de interesse e da biomassa bacteriana, o resíduo final é descartado. Este resíduo, denominado vinhaça FA (vinhaça da fermentação anaeróbia) foi o objeto de estudo deste trabalho, bem como o processo fermentativo para a sua obtenção. Desse modo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a vinhaça FA com relação às suas características físico-químicas e microbiológicas, bem como avaliar sua biodegradação em solo e sua toxicidade. Além disso, realizou-se fermentação utilizando-se cultura mista anaeróbia em meio de cultura sintético (MCS) suplementado com vinhaça e melaço. Avaliou-se a produção de ácidos orgânicos, acetona, butanol e etanol. A biodegradação da vinhaça FA em amostras de solo na presença e ausência de inóculo comercial foi avaliada mediante a produção de CO2 durante 57 dias. A quantificação de microrganismos foi realizada no início e no final do ensaio. Foram realizados ensaios de toxicidade aguda utilizando-se o microcrustáceo Daphnia similis; fitotoxicidade sobre Lactuca sativa e genotoxicidade ambiental com Allium cepa. A fermentação foi conduzida por 7 ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: Several studies have evaluated the use of stillage in a new fermentation in order to obtain by-products. In this fermentation, called acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE), anaerobic bacterias of the genus Clostridium can convert organic matter present in the stillage in acetone, butanol, ethanol and organic acids which are recovered from the fermented broth by separation techniques. After recovering the interest products and bacterial biomass, the final residue is discarded. This residue, called AF stillage (stillage from anaerobic fermentation) was the object of study of this work, as well as the fermentation process to obtain it. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate AF stillage in relation to its physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics, as well as to evaluate its biodegradation in soil and its toxicity. In addition, fermentation was carried out using anaerobic mixed culture in synthetic culture medium (SCM) supplemented with stillage and molasses. The production of organic acids, acetone, butanol and ethanol was evaluated. The biodegradation of AF stillage was evaluated in soil samples in the presence and absence of commercial inoculum, through the production of CO2 for 57 days. Microorganisms quantification was performed at the beginning and at the end of the test. Acute toxicity tests using the microcrustacean Daphnia similis; phytotoxicity with Lactuca sativa and environmental genotoxicity with Allium cepa were performed. The fermentation was conducted ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Doutor
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Hatem, Imad. "Le marché spot, partie intégrale du marché pétrolier : origine, fonctionnement, influences et perspectives /." Fribourg : Editions universitaires, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36146231g.
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Bovo, Federica <1983>. "Definition of Food Safety Criteria for Bacteria Food-Borne Pathogens in Ready to Eat products." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7186/.
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The aims of this research study is to explore the opportunity to set up Performance Objectives (POs) parameters for specific risks in RTE products to propose for food industries and food authorities. In fact, even if microbiological criteria for Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes Ready-to-Eat (RTE) products are included in the European Regulation, these parameters are not risk based and no microbiological criteria for Bacillus cereus in RTE products is present.
For these reasons the behaviour of Salmonella enterica in RTE mixed salad, the microbiological characteristics in RTE spelt salad, and the definition of POs for Bacillus cereus and Listeria monocytogenes in RTE spelt salad has been assessed.
Based on the data produced can be drawn the following conclusions:
1. A rapid growth of Salmonella enterica may occurr in mixed ingredient salads, and strict temperature control during the production chain of the product is critical.
2. Spelt salad is characterized by the presence of high number of Lactic Acid Bacteria. Listeria spp. and Enterobacteriaceae, on the contrary, did not grow during the shlef life, probably due to the relevant metabolic activity of LAB.
3. The use of spelt and cheese compliant with the suggested POs might significantly reduce the incidence of foodborne intoxications due to Bacillus cereus and Listeria monocytogenes and the proportions of recalls, causing huge economic losses for food companies commercializing RTE products.
4. The approach to calculate the POs values and reported in my work can be easily adapted to different food/risk combination as well as to any changes in the formulation of the same food products.
5. The optimized sampling plans in term of number of samples to collect can be derive in order to verify the compliance to POs values selected.
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Koumbi, Mounanga Thierry Gérardin Philippe Gérardin Christine. "Tensioactifs antioxydants originaux pour la formulation de produits de préservation du bois." S. l. : Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2008_0084_KOUMBI-MOUNANGA.pdf.
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Koumbi, Mounanga Thierry. "Tensioactifs antioxydants originaux pour la formulation de produits de préservation du bois." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10084/document.
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Le travail présenté porte sur la synthèse et la caractérisation de tensioactifs antioxydants pour la formulation de produits de préservation du bois répondant aux contraintes environnementales de plus en plus importantes comme la loi sur l'air qui préconise l'emploi de traitement en solution aqueuse pour limiter tout rejet de COV. Suite à des travaux préliminaires montrant un effet de synergie lors de l’association de fongicides et d’antioxydants, l’objectif de ce travail a été de concevoir des composés du type « 2 en 1 » associant d’une part, des propriétés tensioactives, permettant la formulation en phase aqueuse de fongicides insolubles dans l’eau, et d’autre part des propriétés antioxydantes entraînant un possible effet de synergie permettant ainsi de diminuer la quantité de biocide nécessaire. Trois familles de composés amphiphiles ont été synthétisées. La première correspond à des dérivés de phénols encombrés, la seconde à des sels d’amine encombrée et enfin, la troisième à des quats « à label vert » dérivés de l’acide ascorbique. Les différents composés possèdent à la fois des propriétés tensioactives et antioxydantes. L’utilisation de formulations aqueuses de propiconazole préparées à l’aide de ces tensioactifs permet de protéger efficacement des éprouvettes de hêtre de la dégradation par un agent de pourriture blanche Coriolus versicolor. Des essais complémentaires d’inhibition de croissance réalisés sur milieu malt agar avec les ascorbates d’alkylammonium mettent en évidence une activité inhibitrice importante de ces produits sur le développement du mycélium corrélée à leurs propriétés amphiphiles<br>The presented work concerns the synthesis and characterization of amphipilic antioxidant compounds for the formulation of wood preservatives allowing the preparation of waterborne formulations to reduce rejections of VOCs answering to increasing environmental pressures. Based on preliminary studies showing synergistical effects between fungicides and antioxidants, the aim of this study was to design compounds possessing surfactant and antioxidant properties allowing the formulation in water of insoluble organic fungicides and to reduce the necessary quantity of biocide due to synergistical effects with antioxidant properties. Three families of amphiphilic compounds were synthesized. The first one corresponds to hindered phenol derivatives, the second to hindered amine and the third one to quats “with green label” derived from ascorbic acid. Surfactant and antioxidant properties of all new synthesized compounds have been characterized. The use of aqueous formulations of propiconazole prepared from these new surface active agents allows to increase beech wood durability exposed to the white rot fungus Coriolus versicolor. Fungal growth inhibition tests realized on malt agar medium with various alkylammonium ascorbates presenting different alkyl chain’s lengths indicated an important growth inhibition of the mycelium for some of the tested products correlated at their amphiphilic properties
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Cöster, Fredrik, Vidar Hwang, and Johan Svensson. "Country of origin : Does it really matter in the current globalization?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-44044.
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COO is a construct that refers to the country which a consumer associates a certain product or brand as being its source, regardless of where the product is actually produced. Scholars like Magnusson et al. (2011) argue that COO is a salient cue in consumers’ product evaluation and purchase intention. In contrast, Usunier (2006; 2011) and Samiee (2010) criticize the COO effect, by explaining that due to multinational production, integrated worldwide supply chains and global branding there are other cues that have become more salient in consumers’ decision- making process. The purpose of this thesis is to extend the understanding about the relationship of COO in consumers buying process. The research questions followed: To what extent does country of origin influence consumers’ product evaluations and purchase intention? To what extent does the level of involvement affect the relationship between country of origin and consumers’ product evaluation? To what extent does the level of involvement affect the relationship between country of origin and consumers’ purchase intentions. Applying a deductive approach, a quantitative research has been chosen for this thesis involving survey as the source for data collection in order to test this research four main concepts: COO, product evaluation, purchase intention and product involvement. The findings indicated that COO has a significant direct effect in consumers’ product evaluations and purchase intention. The results also indicated on that when consumers’ perceive products to be low involvement, the COO effect is greater in consumers’ decision-making process.
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Mandrinos, Symeon. "Internationalisation processes of FMCG products : a study of Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) products : the case of feta cheese in Greece." Thesis, University of Essex, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.603324.
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This thesis explores the internationalisation process of firms in the context of Protected Designation of Origin. The study shows the impact of firm's specific internal, industry and country's specific external factors on the exporting process and the export development of small, medium and large enterprises. In particular, this investigation sheds more light on internationalization theories through a context specific lens as it explains the internationalisation process of PDO firms , and the way it fits with the -existing internationalisation model in the literature that has not previously addressed. The current and upcoming significance for European Union external trade policies and strategies have increased the importance of this study. That is, with regard to enterprises ' main concern for international expansion in both European and Third countries proximity level. Methodologically, this thesis is framed on realism paradigm through interpretative qualitative case study approach. Throughout this approach a semi-structure in-depth interview exploration demonstrates how key respondents conceive PDO firms international expansion as an enacted practice. These participants shape the output that it has experienced. This is subject to wide range of causal influences, and is equivalent to the analysis of management and organisational actions, as enhances to bring out different complexities. From analysis and testing structure, insights unearthed via thirty one (31) responses of expert practitioners in the field. Therefore, solutions demonstrate the hidden factors that influence PDO firms' export process. The findings exhibit that managerial, organisational, product, strategy" corporate finance, customer, competition, home and host specific factors dynamically affect Greek PDO firms export orientation. In addition, the aforementioned factors appear that purposely correspond to openness for export experience.
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Bruyère, Pierre. "Evaluation thermodynamique et biologique d’un substituant synthétique aux produits d’origine animale dans les solutions de cryoconservation pour embryons de mammifères." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10145/document.
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Plusieurs composés présents dans les solutions de cryoconservation pour embryons sontsource de préoccupations : soit du point de vue sanitaire à cause de leur origine animale, soitdu fait de leur rôle potentiellement mutagène, notamment pour certains cryoprotecteurspénétrants. Leur retrait ou leur substitution par des composés chimiquement définis pourraitdonc constituer une amélioration sensible des techniques de cryoconservation des embryons.C’est dans ce cadre de réflexion que s’inscrit notre travail.Souvent, la conception et la mise en oeuvre des protocoles de cryoconservation sontempiriques. Il en résulte de nombreuses variations entre les études qui rendent lacomparaison des résultats obtenus d’autant plus difficile. Dans notre démarche, deuxapproches complémentaires ont été associées :•La première, physique, s’appuie sur l’utilisation de la calorimétrie différentielle à balayage(DSC) pour standardiser la comparaison des différentes solutions de congélation lente.Ainsi, les propriétés thermodynamiques de solutions contenant un substituant défini ontété caractérisées et comparées à celles de solutions contenant des produits de référence(sérum de veau foetal ou albumine bovine sérique) ;• La seconde, biologique, a consisté à congeler des embryons de lapins produits in vivo etdes embryons bovins produits in vitro, puis à analyser les taux de survie après culture invitro et/ou transferts. Cette approche a permis d’objectiver les propriétés biologiques dessolutions ainsi définies.Nos résultats confirment qu’il est judicieux d’utiliser une approche thermodynamiquepour sélectionner des molécules chimiquement différentes des composés habituellementutilisés<br>Several compounds in embryo cryopreservation solutions are a source of concern:products of animal origin because of the sanitary risks, and the permeating cryoprotectantsbecause of their potential mutagenic effect. Removing or substituting these compounds withchemically defined products might improve embryo cryopreservation technics.Conception and use of cryopreservation protocols are often empirical. This empiricismleads to many variations between the studies which make a comparison between results allthe more difficult. In our study, two complementary approaches were associated:• The first approach (physical) consisted of using the differential scanning calorimetry tostandardize the comparison between different slow-freezing solutions. So, thethermodynamic properties of solutions containing a potential substitute were characterizedand compared to those obtained with solutions containing reference products (fetal calfserum and bovine serum albumin) ;• The second approach (biological) consisted of using freezing of in vivo-produced rabbitembryos or freezing of in vitro-produced bovine embryos in order to evaluate survival
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Peterson, Katie Ha-Brookshire Jung. "Brand origin and consumers' pereceptions of apparel product attributes relating to quality." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6572.
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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on December 18, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Jung Ha-Brookshire. Includes bibliographical references.
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Du, Yafei. "The fine structure of distortion product otoacoustic emissions the primary origin /." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1054565073.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 92 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-92). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Johansen, Kerstin. "Collaborative Product Introduction within Extended Enterprises." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Univ, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7668.
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Suh, Yong Gu. "Country-of-origin effects in consumers' perceptions of international products : Europe and East Asia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320953.
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Moddaresi, Mojgan. "The Use of Nanotechnology in Enhancing the Efficacy of Cosmetic Products of Natural Origin." Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521850.
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Andersson, Emelie. "Attitudes against products "Made in China" : The importance and Challenges of Country of Origin." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-28173.
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The last decades shows that an increasing number of companies entering the international market as the globalization open the doors for the business world. There is an increased demand of products on the market as a result of this, and the Chinese suppliers are responding to the competition with increasing quality and higher prices. China is on a path to becoming one of the biggest economies in the world. The increasing amount on the products also made the decision-making processes more complex, and especially for organizational purchases who has to take more factors into consideration. It is no more important for companies to understand their internal customers, and the consumer’s base a lot of the purchasing decisions are affected by the products country of origin. The move to the international market is not just experience as positive on the home market something that LKAB experience. This thesis focus on the research questions - Is there a negative attitude among the employees within LKAB towards made in China products? And - How can LKAB as a company cope with the different attitudes towards Chinese products? In order to address the research questions a case study carried out at LKAB, a leading mining ore company in Sweden, who are experiencing a challenge in increasing the demand from LKAB Trading. The data is collected from literature, 23 semi-structured interviews and the company documents at LKAB. A thematic analysis is performed to interpret the result from the data. The result of the study describes the attitudes and challenges among the employees, what they are based on and finally present how LKAB in the best way can cope with the different attitudes. The result shows that it might not be the quality of the products that it is challenge; it rather is the uncertainty of the aftermarket. The study contributes to the research body of international business and consumer behavior. Other organizations that are active or entering the Chinese market can have practical use of the guidelines and the challenges presented in order to cope with the different attitudes towards made in China products.<br>De senaste decennierna visar att allt fler företag kommer in på den internationella marknaden när globaliseringen öppnar dörrarna för näringslivet. Det finns en ökad efterfrågan av produkter på marknaden som en följd av detta, och de kinesiska leverantörerna svarar på konkurrensen med en ökad kvalitet och högre priser och Kina är på väg att bli en av de största ekonomierna i världen. Den ökande mängden av produkter har också lett till att beslutsfattandet blivit mer komplex, och särskilt för inköpare inom organisationer, som har fler faktorer att ta hänsyn till. Det blir allt viktigare för företag att förstå sina interna kunder, och konsumenternas inköpsbeslut påverkas av produktens ursprungsland. Övergången till den internationella marknaden upplevs inte bara som positivt på hemmamarknaden någonting som LKAB upplevt. Denna avhandling fokuserar på forskningsfrågorna - Finns det en negativ attityd bland de anställda inom LKAB mot produkter tillverkade i Kina? Och - Hur kan LKAB som ett företag hantera de olika attityderna gentemot kinesiska produkter? För att besvara frågeställningarna genomförs en fallstudie på LKAB, ett ledande gruvföretag i Sverige, som upplever en utmaning i att öka efterfrågan från LKAB Trading. Materialet hämtas från litteraturen, 23 semi-strukturerade intervjuer och företagets dokument på LKAB. En tematisk analys utförs för att tolka resultatet från materialet. Resultatet av studien beskriver attityder och utmaningar bland de anställda, vad de grundar sig på och slutligen presenteras hur LKAB på bästa sätt kan hantera de olika attityder som existerar inom företaget. Resultatet visar att det inte är kvaliteten på de produkter som är den största utmaningen utan det snarare är osäkerheten runt eftermarknaden. Studien bidrar till forskningsbas inom internationella affärer och konsumenternas beteende. Andra företag som är aktiva inom den kinesiska marknaden kan ha praktisk användning av riktlinjerna och de utmaningar som beskrivs för att klara av de olika attityderna gentemot ”Made in China”.
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Scullion, R. "Arcobacter Spp. in raw products of animal origin in Northern Ireland : detection and characterisation." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419429.
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Bustos, Salgado Paola. "Biopharmaceutical study of therapeutic efficacy of nanostructured formulations made from products of natural origin." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673940.
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This research work was aimed at the characterization in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo of nanostructured systems which independently contain a natural flavanone extracted from Eysenhardtia platycarpa and another four flavanones obtained through semi-synthesis of the first flavanone with the objective of providing evidence of their efficaciousness as anti-inflammatory cutaneous agents. Initially the flavanone was isolated from its natural source, and following on from this, the derivatives were obtained through chemical reactions of acetylation, methylation, cyclization and vinyl cyclization. Calculations were made in silico using computational programs like Molinspiration and PASS Online. These gave the theoretical physio-chemical properties of the flavanones and estimated the profile of their probable anti-inflammatory activity. An analytical methodology was used for the quantification of the flavanones with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in samples that crossed human skin in an ex vivo study. The objective was to demonstrate that an analytical method had been selected that did not cause any interference from the biological components due to the tissue with which we worked. The results showed that the method was lineal, exact and precise in the assayed concentrations interval (1.56 - 200 µg/mL). Afterwards, nano-structured formulations were prepared individually: they contained each flavanone at 0.5 % and the excipients were: Labrasol®, Labrafac® lipophile, Propylene glycol and Plurol Oleic®. These formulations were morphologically and physio-chemically characterized. The results obtained revealed that the flavanones formulations (FF) were suitable for topical administration. An in vitro assay was carried out of the liberation of the flavanones from their individual formulation, using a dialysis membrane with a system of Franz type cells to guarantee that the formulation liberated the flavanones and allowed there to be a sufficient quantity of each component susceptible to being permeated in human skin. Immediately afterwards, ex vivo studies were realized using human skin with the objective of evaluating the permeation profile of the flavanones contained in dissolution individually and in the formulations. The study demonstrated that the quantity of flavanone permeated and retained in the skin was different, depending on the flavanone assayed. This was probably due to the different molecular interactions of the functional groups with the tissue components. The flavanones derived were retained in the skin in greater quantity than natural flavanone. Finally, an in vivo assay was carried out on the anti-inflammatory efficaciousness in a model of rat’s auricular edema induced by arachidonic acid. The results demonstrated that the flavanones were capable of reducing the edema (swelling) and the formulation excipients did not influence in the biological activity. The formulations turned out to be more effective than the reference pharmaceutical drug used in this study (sodium diclofenac gel). It was shown that the structural modification of the natural flavanone improved the therapeutic activity in which the derived methylated and cyclized vinyl stood out. These results are in concordance with the results obtained in the evaluation of the cytokines expression (IL-1β, IL-6 y TNF-α) carried out, and moreover allowed the advantage of the use of nano-structured systems in making the flavanones more effective to be shown in comparison with flavanones assayed in dissolution.<br>El presente trabajo de investigación versa sobre la caracterización in vitro, ex vivo e in vivo de sistemas nanoestructurados que contienen de forma independiente una flavanona natural extraída de Eysenhardtia platycarpa y cuatro flavanonas obtenidas mediante semi-síntesis de la primera, con el objetivo de evidenciar su eficacia como agentes antiinflamatorios cutáneos. Inicialmente se aisló la flavanona de su fuente natural seguida de la obtención de los derivados mediante las reacciones químicas acetilación, metilación, ciclación y vinilo ciclación. Se realizaron cálculos in silico utilizando programas computacionales como Molinspiration y PASS Online para obtener las propiedades fisicoquímicas teóricas de las flavanonas y estimar su probable perfil de actividad antiinflamatoria. Se validó una metodología analítica para la cuantificación de las flavanonas por cromatografía líquida de alta eficacia (HPLC) en muestras que atravesaron piel humana en un estudio ex vivo. Lo anterior con el objeto de demostrar una selectividad del método analítico planteado sin que hubiese ninguna interferencia provocada por los componentes biológicos propios del tejido con el que se trabajaría. Los resultados mostraron que el método es lineal, exacto y preciso en el intervalo de concentraciones ensayadas (1.56 - 200 µg/mL). Posteriormente, se prepararon individualmente las formulaciones nanoestructuradas que contenían al 0.5 % cada flavanona y como excipientes: Labrasol®, Labrafac®, Propilenglicol y Plurol Oleico®. Dichas formulaciones fueron caracterizadas morfológica y fisicoquímicamente. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron que las formulaciones de las flavanonas (FF) eran adecuadas para su administración tópica. Se llevó a cabo un ensayo in vitro de liberación de las flavanonas desde su formulación individual, utilizando una membrana de diálisis en sistemas de celdas tipo Franz para garantizar que la formulación libera las flavanonas y permite disponer de cantidad suficiente de cada compuesto susceptible de ser permeado en piel humana. Seguidamente, se realizaron estudios ex vivo utilizando piel humana con el propósito de evaluar el perfil de permeación de las flavanonas contenidas en disolución de forma individual y en las formulaciones. El estudio demostró que la cantidad de flavanona permeada y retenida en la piel fue diferente dependiendo de la flavanona ensayada; probablemente debida a las diferentes interacciones molecular de sus grupos funcionales con los componentes del tejido. Las flavanonas derivadas se retuvieron en mayor cantidad en piel que la flavanona natural. Finalmente, se desarrolló un ensayo in vivo de eficacia antiinflamatoria en un modelo de edema auricular de rata inducido por ácido araquidónico. Los resultados demostraron que las flavanonas fueron capaces de reducir el edema y los excipientes de las formulaciones no influyeron en la actividad biológica. Las formulaciones resultaron ser más efectivas que el fármaco de referencia usado en este estudio (gel de diclofenaco sódico). Se comprobó que la modificación estructural de la flavanona natural mejoró la actividad terapéutica destacando los derivados metilados y vinilo ciclizados. Estos resultados se encuentran en concordancia con los obtenidos de la evaluación de expresión de las citosinas (IL-1β, IL-6 y TNF-α) realizado y además, permitió evidenciar la ventaja del uso de sistemas nanoestructurados para disponer las flavanonas, en comparación con las flavanonas ensayadas en disolución.
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Soliman, Ahmed. "Adopting Modular Design Strategy towards Circular Economy: A Case Study at a Swedish Original Equipment Manufacturer." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-173727.
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The societal shift towards the circular economy is gaining momentum due to the push from the legislation side and the increasing social awareness towards the ecological imbalance caused by the linear model of resource extraction and consumption. The topic of design for the circular economy is gaining increasing interest in both academia and industry. The circular economy requires products to be designed based on a lifecycle approach and extended lifetime.This thesis aimed to investigate the potential application of modular design strategy as a supportive approach to aid Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) in their bid to adapt their product features to fit within a circular economic model. Furthermore, the study has investigated the potential challenges encountered during the adoption of such a design strategy and concludes with recommendations to overcome the identified challenges.To address this aim, a case study was carried out within a global OEM, based on their interest in exploring the circular economy's design domain. A literature review and interviews have been conducted to assess how product circularity factors can be addressed using a modular design strategy and identifying the potential challenges that can hinder its realization.The study initially identified seven design factors that need to be addressed along the different phases of a product lifecycle to ensure a fit within a circular economic model. The seven circularity factors are design: based on a lifecycle approach, for durability, for adaptability, for upgradability, for ease of maintenance and repair, for ease of disassembly and reassembly, and standardization and compatibility.The study also revealed that a standardized and simplified interface between different modules within the product plays a vital role in enhancing its ability to address the different circularity factors. The standardized interface in the modular product qualifies the product to become useable for multiple usage cycles. Furthermore, such a modular product can be considered an open-source product since it can continuously be updated with the latest available technology. Such continuous updates allow the open-source product to adapt to the changes in the working environment effectively.Despite the capability of a modular design strategy to address the different circularity factors, several challenges can hinder its implementation in the industry. The primary challenge industries face when adopting such a strategy is identifying the main objectives of such an approach. Further, this strategy might negatively impact product profitability, which is a significant challenge for the industries. Moreover, the prospect of adopting modular strategies also faces design challenges, such as the potential of losing customer interest in a modular product.The thesis concludes with a few recommendations to overcome these challenges associated with adopting a modular design strategy for a circular economy. To overcome such challenges, industries need clear identification of the circular economy and the planned outcome of such a manufacturing shift based on clear systems thinking and transparency in product development. In the end, the study proposes a design framework, which may provide industries with a transparent methodology for designing a modular product for a circular economy.
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Söderman, Patrik, and John Nordin. "Country of Origin Effect : Attityder till produkter beroende på en produkts ursprungsland." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21385.
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Does a product's origin matter, in how the customer perceives and values the intended product? A most relevant question with regards to our now globalized and interconnected market. In this essay we intend to analyze the (co)variation between customer’s attitudes depending on the referent object’s origin. With regards to this we seek to carry out a comparative analysis between men and women to study whether the effects of Country of Origin (namely that the customer’s approach in purchases is affected by the origin of the product) matter. In today’s research there seems to be a lack of legitimate and comprehensive explanations regarding this correlation. Therefore, with this study we strive to find answers to contribute to the research gap.
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Reinaud, Olivia. "Nouvelles méthodes d'alkylation régiosélective d'orthoquinones originales accès à différentes classes de produits naturels quinoniques /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37609260z.
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Reinaud, Olivia. "Nouvelles methodes d'alkylation regioselective d'orthoquinones originales : synthese de differentes classes de produits naturels quinoniques." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066200.
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Gineikiene, Justina, Bodo B. Schlegelmilch, and Ruta Ruzeviciute. "Our Apples are Healthier than Your Apples: Deciphering the Healthiness Bias for Domestic and Foreign Products." American Marketing Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jim.15.0078.
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This study extends previous research by exploring perceptions of healthiness in the international food marketplace. To this end, it aims to fill an important gap by shedding light on the role of country of origin in shaping perceptions of healthiness. The authors provide evidence that domestic and foreign food products elicit different perceptions of healthiness. Consumers choose domestic products because they perceive them as healthier and more natural. The effect holds across different samples and product categories (apples, tomatoes, bread, and yogurt). However, this healthiness bias vanishes when products are presented as posing health risks and when products are introduced with a dual identity (i.e., both foreign and domestic). Researching these health-related effects helps provide a better understanding of consumer attitudes toward domestic- versus foreign-made food products.
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Schneller, Benedikt, and Jake James Swanson. "Country of Origin within the consumers' decision-making process." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-39555.
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Background Country of origin (COO) has developed over the years and so has the definition, from the manufacturing COO and has now developed more into the COO of the brand. This development has led to a gap in research surrounding COO effects in combination with the decision-making process. Purpose The purpose of this study was to understand and explore which product information cues COO effects, along with how these cues influence the consumer's cognitive decision-making process. Leading to recommendations for companies, of how they can then use these effects in their favour. Method An interpretivism philosophy was used as part of this study, along with an inductive approach. Exploratory research was conducted to analyse the qualitative data during the experimental setting within three focus groups to gather in-depth views and opinions of participants. The research was gathered using convenience sampling, with limitations including the pre-bias participants had surrounding a COO. Findings The three most important information cues were quality, price and brand when it comes to what information consumers need to make a purchase. There is a difference in willingness to pay, perceived brand image and value surrounding COO from the COO experiment conducted between Germany and Poland. Research participants would pay on average 104 Euros more for the same product if it was a German brand over a Polish one. COO effects consumers in both a direct and indirect way, the subliminal use of COO, suggesting that the decision-making process is not completely cognitive. Similarly, consumers do not initially perceive COO as an important factor until it is brought up. However it can be said to be at the back of their minds at all times. It was also suggested that consumers have a ranking of countries within their minds and use it to aid their decision-making process. Consumers want to use the rational (intrinsic) cues (quality, design), however the extrinsic cues (brand, price) were identified as being more important. Conclusion In conclusion it can be said that COO is an important influencing factor on the consumers' decision-making process. COO is a factor effecting and influencing the different information cues which consumers identify as being important to their purchase. COO is seen as an influencing factor continuously effecting information cues, but more specifically price, brand and quality. Brands with 'higher' perceived COO's can thrive under their competitive advantage, whilst brands with a 'lower' perceived COO do not do as well.
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Bienenfeld, Jason Michael. "Consumer Willingness to Pay for Organic, Environmental and Country of Origin Attributes of Food Products." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1396017355.
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Medrano, González Maria Gabriela. "Analysis of product development toolsets for electrical distribution systems in the automotive industry : a study inside an original equipment manufacturer." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106257.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, Engineering and Management Program, 2016.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 77-78).<br>A study was performed to understand the definition and utilization of a key product development enabler, the tools, in the development of Electrical Distribution Systems inside a sample Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM). The primary purpose of this study was to take in in-depth look at the integration of the system of tools utilized by the commodity department in the development of Electrical Distribution Systems components, and then to identify opportunities for establishing a more efficient system of tools for the compliance of requirements. The study focused on the deliverables required in the fulfillment of requirements as the element for critical comparison. That comparison consisted of the utilization of the current system of tools versus the desired system of tools-a desire system resulting from the fulfillment of requirements that would constitute a "Utopia System". The mapping of deliverables to requirements, and the processing linkage among them were based in the definition of inputs and outputs already identified by the sample OEM for the development of this specific commodity; and the mapping of deliverables to the utilization of tools was enabled by experiential inputs of the author as well as insights gained from interviews with employees at the sample OEM. Structural representations allowed for a better and thorough comprehension of the mapping of deliverables and provided a foundation for understanding the challenges embedded in the desired objective: clustering existing tools for an improved and more effectual integration. Specifically, the mapping of deliverables to the utilization of the current system of tools, allowed for the analysis of efficiency levels and the identification of opportunities for redundancy avoidance. Considering the challenges and sudden changes constantly faced by those in the automotive industry, including those of this OEM, the proposal for optimizing the system of tools was based on network metric comparisons between the current system of tools and the desired system of tools. The proposal for integrating a better system of tools then concluded with a step-by-step plan that could be utilized as an approach for continuous improvement of this key enabler of the product development process-the tools. The desire of this "vision" would be that such optimization would then lead to performance metrics improvements for the EDS department and the product development organization as a whole.<br>by Maria Gabriela Medrano Gonzalez.<br>S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Hertzberg, Jennifer, and Louise Rask. "The Impact of Language Barriers on Product Placement : A Qualitative Study Investigating Swedish Consumers’ Brand Recall and Brand Attitude Using Netflix Original Series." Thesis, Jönköping University, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52782.
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Product placement has long been a popular advertising tool that is still heavily used in today’s market. Therefore, this thesis adds a new construct to the field of product placement, namely language barriers, to see if that can have an impact on consumers’ ability to perceive product placement, in terms of brand recall. Moreover, this study also explores alternative constructs, such as brand attitude, to examine if they have an influence on consumers’ ability to recall brands when viewing SVoD entertainment content containing product placement. Furthermore, the Tripartite Typology of Product Placement conducted by Russell (1998) was applied as the main theory throughout this thesis as a foundation of the product placement-concepts. Additionally, the aforementioned research topics were explored via 14 semi-structured interviews with Swedish consumers, where all participants were within the age group that are the largest consumers of SVoD content. After the data was collected and analyzed, the results yielded that language barriers have a negative impact on brand recall, in terms of verbal placement, and no impact in terms of visual placements. Moreover, some other factorsthat also impacted the participants’ ability to recall the placed products included brand attitude, personal interests and perception of brands.
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Ronsini, Neto Mário José. "Country of origin effect: evidences from European consumers' of a Brazilian fashion brand." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/17743.
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Boa tarde Mário,
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COUNTRY OF ORIGIN EFFECT: EVIDENCES FROM EUROPEAN CONSUMERS' EVALUATION OF A BRAZILIAN FASHION BRAND
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COUNTRY OF ORIGIN EFFECT: EVIDENCES FROM EUROPEAN CONSUMERS OF A BRAZILIAN FASHION BRAND
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Previous issue date: 2016-12-20<br>This study aimed to better understand the European consumers’ behavior towards a foreign unfamiliar brand from a developing country based on the real internationalization case study of a Brazilian fashion brand (Osklen). The utilized framework was one of the most studied concepts in International Marketing, the Country of Origin (COO) Effect. This study intended to find evidences of the COO effect on European consumers’ evaluation of a Brazilian brand, based on a sample of students. In order to measure the COO effect on the brand, three survey scenarios were built. In the first scenario the subjects are told that the brand is Brazilian, in the second they are told that the brand comes from the USA and in the third and final scenario there is no cue regarding the origin of the brand. Five hypotheses were proposed and tested based on the literature review. This empirical research has shown that there were statistically significant differences in the evaluation of the Osklen brand by the European consumer, depending on the country of origin informed of the brand, regarding quality, design, reputation and purchase intention. The research has found no connection between the country of origin of the brand and the willingness to pay a higher price for the products of the brand. We have proposed potential strategies that could be utilized by the company following the results of the research.<br>Este estudo teve como objetivo a melhor compreesão do comportamento dos consumidores europeus em relação a uma marca desconhecida estrangeira de um país em desenvolvimento, com base no estudo de caso de internacionalização real de uma marca de moda brasileira (Osklen). O framework ultilizado foi fornecido por um dos conceitos mais estudados em Marketing Internacional, o Efeito País de Origem. O objetivo deste estudo foi encontrar evidências desse efeito sobre a potencial avaliação dos consumidores europeus de uma marca brasileira, com base em uma amostra de alunos. Com o intuito de medir o Efeito de País de Origem sobre a marca, três cenários de pesquisa foram construídos. No primeiro cenário os indivíduo são informados de que a marca é brasileira, no segundo eles são informados que a marca vem dos EUA e no terceiro e último cenário não há nenhuma sugestão sobre a origem da marca. Cinco hipóteses foram propostas e testadas com base na revisão de literatura. A investigação empírica demonstrou que existiram diferenças estatisticamente significativas na avaliação da marca Osklen pelo consumidor europeu, dependendo do país de origem informado da marca, com relação à qualidade, design, reputação e intenção de compra. A pesquisa não encontrou nenhuma conexão entre país de origem da marca e disposição de pagar um maior valor pelos produtos da marca. Estratégias foram propostas para a empresa estudada com base nos resultados da presente pesquisa.
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Giovannacci, Inès. "Origine des listeria monocytogenes et salmonella présentes sur les produits de découpe de porc." Brest, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BRES2045.
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Les fabricants de produits transformes a base de viande de porc ont pour obligation de repondre aux imperatifs de la securite alimentaire. En particulier, ils doivent maitriser la contamination de leurs produits par listeria monocytogenes et salmonella, bacteries potentiellement pathogenes pour l'homme. La qualite des matieres premieres, c'est-a-dire de la viande de porc, est un des moyens de cette maitrise. Ainsi, ces travaux, inities par le centre technique de la salaison, de la charcuterie et des conserves de viandes, avaient pour objectif de determiner l'origine de la contamination par listeria monocytogenes et salmonella des produits de decoupe de porc, matieres premieres carnees des produits de charcuterie et de salaison. L'application de techniques de typage moleculaire a des collections de listeria monocytogenes et de salmonella provenant de differentes entreprises d'abattage et de decoupe de porc a permis de cerner les principales voies de dissemination de ces deux bacteries, depuis la stabulation jusqu'aux ateliers de decoupe. Dans le cas de listeria monocytogenes, la contamination des produits de decoupe de porc etait principalement due a la contamination environnementale, parfois persistante, des salles de refrigeration et des ateliers de decoupe. L'origine des salmonella provenait essentiellement de la contamination vehiculee par les animaux vivants. De plus, l'etude de la diversite genetique des deux collections d'isolats de listeria monocytogenes et de salmonella a permis d'identifier des genotypes majoritaires. Quelle que soit l'origine premiere de la contamination (animaux versus environnement), les surfaces environnementales representent des vecteurs de contamination croisee pour les produits. L'etude de proprietes phenotypiques d'isolats, representatifs de souches de listeria monocytogenes et de salmonella majoritairement identifiees sur le terrain, a montre une variabilite des proprietes physico-chimiques de surface en fonction des genotypes et des parametres de croissance. Ces souches etaient capables d'adherer rapidement a l'acier inoxydable et au polyethylene haute densite, materiaux d'emploi frequent en abattage-decoupe de porc. Placees dans une ambiance environnementale proche de celle des salles de refrigeration, les souches etudiees pouvaient survivre jusqu'a plus d'une semaine sur des materiaux propres et jusqu'a plus d'un mois sur des materiaux souilles par du jus de viande de porc. Si elles ne sont pas eliminees par les procedures hygieniques, ces cellules representent une source de contamination pour les produits.
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Sui, Cong. "EFFECTS OF COUNTRY OF ORIGIN, COUNTRY ANIMOSITY AND FOREIGN PRODUCT USAGE EXPERIENCES ON PRODUCT JUDGEMENT: A STUDY OF CHINESE CUSTOMERS." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5135.
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An experiment was conducted to test hypotheses the country-of-origin, country animosity and product usage experience jointly determine the intention of product purchase. One hundred and seventy Chinese students participated in the experiment and responded to advertisements designed to promot laptop computers manufactured in Germany, Japan, India and the Philippines. Regression analysis results indicate that general product purchase intentions were significantly influenced by participants' pre-existing COO and CA perceptions. The interaction effects between COO, CA and product usage experience were also confirmed, meaning that the effects of COO and CA on purchase intentions were moderated by the variety and frequency of actual product usage experience.
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Boupha, Prasongsidh C. "Fate of the neurotoxic mycotoxin, cyclopiazonic acid in dairy products /." View thesis, 1998. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030801.153613/index.html.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1998.<br>"A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, September, 1998" Bibliography: leaves 193 - 219.
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Sanchez, Deborah S. "Supply control and product differentiation effects of European protected designations of origin cheeses." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/928.
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Tseng, Ting-Hsiang. "Explaining the Product-Specificity of Country-of-Origin Effects : The Role of Typicality." Thesis, City University London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511771.
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This research works to understand the various discrepancies in the acceptability of different products from a single country. The concept of product typicality holds promise for this direction. Specifically, this project is particularly interested in the role of typicality in COO effects. Additionally, this study focuses also on the role of typicality among ethnocentric consumer images toward domestic products and consumer attitudes toward disliked foreign products as well as the role of typicality among certain consumer-related and product-related contingent variables, such as the consumer need for variety, the consumer need for uniqueness, types of goods (necessity/luxury), and product category structure (super-ordinate/ subordinate). An extensive mix of a between- and within-subjects design experiment was used to test the key hypotheses in particular. The results suggest that product typicality can actually account for the discrepancies of COO effects across different products of a country. More typical products of a country can possess stronger COO images and get more favorable consumer attitudes. Further, different moderation effects of all the contingent variables on the effects of product typicality regarding COO provide researchers and marketers valuable insights into product-specific COO effects for different market targets. It is therefore recommended for researchers to use product typicality instead of general COO images to account for the varied effects across different products and for marketers to focus more on the differentiations of COO effects among industries.
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YU, YI-TSENG, and 俞怡臻. "The Partnership Management Of Agents And Original Manufacturers Of Information Technology Products Dealer." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fymayz.
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碩士<br>國立宜蘭大學<br>人文及管理學院高階經營管理碩士在職專班<br>107<br>From the perspective of the 4C strategy marketing costs “explicit unit benefit cost”, “information search cost”, “ethical crisis cost”, “exclusive cost fallback” and regression analysis results, dealers have a significant relationship commitment to agents,“"Critical Crisis Costs" and "Exclusive Costs" have a significant and positive impact on the distributor's relationship commitment. For dealers, the biggest factor in selecting an agent is whether the agent has a certain degree of credibility or recognition. The "Effective Unit Cost Effectiveness" and "Information Searching Cost" are not significant; the distributor's commitment to the original factory, apart from the explicit unit benefit cost, the remaining three costs "information search cost" and "ethical crisis cost and "exclusive cost fall" has a significant positive impact on the willingness to make a relationship. For dealers, the main factor affecting the original company’s relationship commitment is whether the original factory has a certain degree of brand awareness or product information transparency. The “effective cost of explicit units” is not significant. It is inferred that the insignificant factor is that most of the original manufacturers are well-known international manufacturers of various equipment.The influence of the distributor on the external unit cost of the original factory and the agent is not significant, which means that the unit cost of the unit or the agent will not affect the degree of relationship commitment with the dealer.
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Huang, Hsin-Hsiung, and 黃信雄. "A Study For Relationship Between Preception of Original Brand Image and Evaluation of Extened Products." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35636717385495450457.
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