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Barillot, Xavier. "Morphophonologie gabaritique et information consonantique latente en Somali et dans les langues Est-couchitiques." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA070047.
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Ce travail est consacré à la morphophonologie des langues est-couchitiques, principalement le somali, secondairement l'afar, le rendille et l'oromo. L'analyse des mécanismes "phonologiques", notamment du mécanisme d'alternance voyelle-zéro, nécessité et permet une révision radicale de la conception classique de la "morphologie" de ces langues. Ceci conduit en effet à établir les principes originaux mais rigoureux et très simples selon lesquels "l'information consonantique sous-jacente" est gérée en surface. La récupération correcte de ce matériel sous-jacent permet alors de montrer que la morphologie de ces langues est fondamentalement et essentiellement "gabaritique". Le système verbal, en particulier, se ramène à l'exploitation d'un gabarit unique, CV[CV]CVCV, identique à celui du sémitique et du berbère. La mise en évidence d'un gabarit et de consonnes quiescentes, garanties par le mécanisme d'alternance V/O, permet de comprendre de nombreux faits qui sans cela restent isolés et inexpliquésThe work is dedicated to the morphophonology of East Cushitic languages, mainly Somali and secondarily Afar, Rendille and Oromo. The analysis of "phonological" mechanisms, particularly vowel/zero alternations, requires and allows a complete calling into question of the common conception of the "morphology" of these languages. Indeed it leads to elicit original but very strict and simple principles which rule whether "underlying consonant material" may be instantiated. It appears that the proper retrieval of this underlying material allows to prove that the morphology of these languages is fundamentally and essentially "templatic". In particular the verbal system is shown to operate from a unique template, CV[CV]CVCV, identical to the template found in the Semitic and Berber languages. The elicitation of a "template" and of "latent consonants" allows to understand and unify a series of facts which before were considered as exceptions
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Griefenow-Mewis, Catherine. "Swahili Loanwords in Oromo." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-98014.
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It is not unexpected that we can find several Swahili-loanwords in Oromo because Swahili- and Oromo speaking people were neighbours for, at least, several centuries. If we are looking for Swahili-loanwords in Oromo we have, of course, to examine the southern Oromo-dialects first.
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Medina, Morales Francisca. "La lengua del Siglo de Oro : un estudio de variación lingüística /." Granada : Univ. de Granada, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/goettingen/506905403.pdf.
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Troille, Emilie. "De la perception audiovisuelle des flux oro-faciaux en parole à la perception des flux manuo-faciaux en langue française parlée complétée adultes et enfants : entendants, aveugles ou sourds." Grenoble 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE39021.
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La Langue française Parlée Complétée (LPC) a été élaborée à partir de son Cued Speech par Cornett (1967), pour pouvoir désambiguïser la phonologie visible sur le visage par des gestes phonémiques manuels simultanés. Mais c'est seulement depuis cinq ans que le secret de sa production est connu, lorsqu'il a été découvert que la main était toujours en avance sur le visage (Attina & al. , 2004). Ce comportement anticipatoire nous renvoie à celui de la parole. Sur ce comportement général, la question clé que nous allons poser ici est celle de la perception des flux acoustiques et optiques dans la parole et dans la parole coordonnée avec le code manuel de Cornett pour le LPC. Nous déterminerons en premier lieu que la parole bimodale est flexible même dans les structures CVCV les plus simples, non seulement entre locuteurs mais chez un même sujet. Si la parole peut être vue avant même d'être entendue (comme l'ont établi de manière exemplaire Cathiard & al. , 1991), l'inverse est aussi vrai, et chez le même locuteur. En fait nous montrerons que la parole peut aussi être entendue avant d'être vue et même que la parole peut être entendue aussitôt qu'elle est vue. En examinant soigneusement la structure des stimuli testés, nous avons pu montrer que les patrons perceptifs résultants sont "rivés" (locked) à la production oro-faciale de la parole. Ce qui se démontre en tenant compte des relations articulatori-acoustiques. Nos expériences de gating et de désynchronisation, menées avec des entendants et des sourds, adultes et enfants – et aussi des sujets aveugles "contrôles" pour l'audio – nous ont permis de tester la gamme de flexibilité que peut permettre cette coordination phonémique unique de la face et de la main. Ces résultats viennent renforcer la conception avancée depuis Attina & al. (2004), comme quoi le comportement anticipatoire dans la Langue française Parlée Complétée repose sur la mise en phase des types de contrôles les plus compatibles, ceux des (con)tacts de la main avec le visage pour les voyelles et ceux des constrictions de la bouche pour les consonnes. La fenêtre qui nous a été ainsi ouverte par le code de Cornett (Cornett's code) – surtout par la tournure qui lui a permis d'être neuralement incorporé (embodied & "embrained") dans une habileté linguistique – nous a ainsi de manière surprenante permis d'apporter des réponses plus décisives sur la nature des contrôles des segments dans la phonologie du langage que par la seule observation des actes de paroleCued Speech was created by Cornett in 1967 in order to disambiguate the phonology of the visible face by simultaneous phonemic hand gestures. But its productive secret was disclosed just five years ago when discovering that the hand was always ahead of the face (Attina & al. , 2004). This anticipatory coordination was a reminder of the current anticipatory behaviour in speech. The core question here addressed to this anticipatory issue concerned the perception of the acoustic and optic flows in Speech and Cued Speech. We will first establish the flexibility of bimodal speech even in simple CVCV structures, both between and within speakers. If speech can be seen before it is heard (as evidenced at its best by Cathiard & al. , 1991), we will show that the reverse is also true, even for the same speaker. Namely we will assess that speech can be heard before it is seen and even that speech can be heard as soon as it is seen. By carefully examining the pattern of behaviour of the perceived stimuli, we will show that the perceptive outcomes are locked to the produced oro-facial structures, provided we take into account their articulatory to acoustic relationships. Gating and desynchronization experiments for speech et Cued Speech, run with hearing and deaf adults and children – with blind "control" subjects for the audio –, will give us the opportunity to test the range of flexibility allowed by this unique hand-face phonemic coordination. These results will reinforce the proposal that the anticipatory Cued Speech behaviour relies on the phasing of compatible contact controls for hand vowels with orofacial consonants. The window offered by Cornett’s code – and the way it was skillfully embodied (say "embrained") – brought us a surprisingly more decisive answer about the nature of the controls in the phonology of language than the mere observation of simple speech behaviour
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Houston, Afrika Nsimba. "DECONSTRUCTING THE OREO: AN EXAMINATION OF LANGUAGE AND IDENTITY AMONG AFRICAN-AMERICAN STUDENTS IN A WHITE SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/667.
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The purpose of this thesis is to elucidate the effects of language ideologies on African-American students' feelings of acceptance and identity in the classroom. For African-American students, the use of African American English is valued for its cultural inclusivity yet is shunned for its lack of linguistic capital in educational settings. This creates an antimony which furthers alienates the home dialect, often African-American English (AAE) from the dominant code, Standard American English (SAE). For this study, 18 African-American students, ages 12-13 were interviewed. Respondents were given a mixed response questionnaire administered in an interview format. The responses were then analyzed using basic statistical analysis. Statistical Power to detect effects was very limited due to small sample size. The results suggest that students valued the use of African American English for personal and home settings but did not find it appropriate for use in school when addressing the teacher. Implications suggest that educators should be ardent about developing an ethno-linguistic culture in the classroom. Teachers and administrators should work to affirm students' home language, where language learning begins, and use this linguistic knowledge in order to propel students forward academically.
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Wallez, Catherine. "Communication chez les primates non humains : étude des asymétries dans la production d'expressions oro-faciales." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3123/document.
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L'examen des asymétries oro-faciales fournit un indice indirect et fiable pour déterminer la spécialisation hémisphérique des processus liés à la communication socio-émotionnelle chez les primates non humains. Cependant, à ce jour, peu d'études ont été réalisées et les théories formulées chez l'homme sont peu consensuelles. Afin de contribuer à la question de la latéralisation cérébrale des processus cognitivo-émotionnels chez le primate, quatre études expérimentales ont été réalisées au cours de cette thèse. Tout d'abord, deux méthodes ont été utilisées pour mesurer les asymétries oro-faciales dans une population de babouins adultes (une méthode morphométrique et une méthode dite des « chimères »). Une spécialisation hémisphérique droite dominante pour le traitement des émotions négatives a été notée. Une troisième étude a démontré, pour la première fois, une asymétrie oro-faciale au niveau populationnel chez des jeunes macaques et babouins. Enfin, une dernière étude a été réalisée chez des chimpanzés afin de tester la robustesse d'une recherche qui avait mis en évidence une différence d'asymétrie selon la fonction communicative intentionnelle (hémisphère gauche) vs. émotionnelle (hémisphère droit) des vocalisations. Les résultats ont confirmé ceux de la première étude et permettent de discuter des hypothèses concernant l'origine de l'évolution du langage. Ces travaux sont discutés à la lumière des recherches récentes concernant de nombreuses espèces animales. Ils apportent des connaissances nouvelles pour appréhender la phylogénèse de la spécialisation hémisphérique des processus associés à la communication verbale et non verbale chez l'hommeThe study of oro-facial asymmetries offers an indirect and suitable index to determine the hemispheric specialization of the processes associated to socio-emotional communication in non-human primates. However, few studies have been made in this domain and the available theories in humans are in part contradictory. In order to contribute to this field, i.e., hemispheric specialization of cognitive and emotional processing in primates, four experimental studies have been carried out during this doctorate. Firstly, two methods have been used to assess oro-facial asymmetries in adult baboons (a morphometric one and a free viewing of chimeric faces). A right hemispheric specialization for negative emotions was noticed. A third study demonstrated for the first time a population-level hemispheric specialization for the production of emotions in infant macaques and baboons. A last study tested the robustness of previous findings in chimpanzees concerning differences of hemispheric lateralization patterns depending on the communicative function of the vocalizations: intentional (left hemisphere) vs emotional (right hemisphere). Results confirmed the previous conclusions and allowed to discuss hypotheses about the origin of the evolution of language (speech). These collective findings are discussed within the context of the phylogeny of hemispheric specialization mechanisms underlying verbal and nonverbal communication in humans
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Foucart, Jean-Michel. "Contribution de l'imagerie par resonance magnetique a l'exploration des dysfonctionnements temporo-mandibulaires et oro-pharynges (doctorat sciences de la vie et de la sante)." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOMU12.
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Collins, Corrine Esther. "70's "Miscegenation" and Blaxploitation: Fran Ross's Interracial Oreo, and the Super Bad Blaxploitation Hero." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3875.
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Fran Ross's only novel, Oreo, explores the nature of multiethnic American identities through an empowered female character that embarks on a Theseus-like journey. Ross devotes significant portions of the novel to the introduction of Oreo's family and individual character, in order to carefully outline her interracial and multiethnic upbringing as an African-Jewish American girl. In order to understand Oreo's political and aesthetic sensibilities, this thesis explores the cinematic representations of interracial relationships during the time that Oreo was written, and argues that Fran Ross's main character is in direct conversation with the predominant 70s black movie and political culture of blaxploitation and Black nationalism. Blaxploitation cinema's rise during the early 70s was facilitated by a burgeoning literary genre depicting an urban black experience aligned with Black nationalist ideologies, to which Fran Ross responds with her interracial protagonist. While not all Black nationalist leaders and supporters felt that blaxploitation movies furthered the revolution, the politics of the movement were still present in the movies, especially in regard to interracial relationships. Black nationalist ideologies regarding interracial relationships positioned sexual relationships between black people and white people as counter-revolutionary, because they did not result in the propagation of the black race, and were reminiscent of the rapes that occurred during the slave period and beyond. In contrast with these cinematic depictions, Oreo is a desexualized, witty, and athletic mixed raced female, who challenges the stereotypes of black cinematic culture and the politics of Black nationalism. As Oreo was written at the end of the blaxploitation genre's height (1974), its politics appear to be in direct dialogue with the representation of blackness in the movie genre. Ross even goes as far as rewriting scenes and stereotypes from blaxploitation movies, positioning Oreo as a critique of the Blaxploitation genre, and the genre's Black nationalist political agenda surrounding interracial relationships.
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Urban, Baños Alba. "Dramaturgas seglares en la España del Siglo de Oro." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285777.
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En la presente tesis se analiza y compara desde una perspectiva filológica las únicas comedias que se han conservado de cuatro dramaturgas españolas del siglo XVII: Ana Caro, María de Zayas, Ángela de Acevedo y Leonor de la Cueva. En total, se examinan siete obras teatrales que se ajustan a las convenciones dramáticas de la comedia nueva: Valor, agravio y mujer y El conde Partinuplés, de Caro; La traición en la amistad, de Zayas; Dicha y desdicha del juego y devoción de la Virgen, El muerto disimulado y La margarita del Tajo que dio nombre a Santarén, de Acevedo; y La firmeza en el ausencia, de Leonor de la Cueva.
La vida de las dramaturgas constituye el tema del primer capítulo de la tesis, en él se recogen todos los datos biográficos e hipótesis que giran alrededor de sus vidas y se aportan nuevas teorías acerca de ellas. A continuación, se presenta la historia de los textos, donde, además de enumerar las ediciones que se han llevado a cabo de cada una de las obras, resumir sus argumentos y aportar la información pertinente acerca de sus representaciones (en el caso de que la obra se hayan escenificado), se exponen y revisan todas las hipótesis sobre las respectivas fechas de composición. En este sentido, debemos destacar que se han aportado datos significativos en cuanto a la datación de la comedia de El muerto disimulado; y se ha demostrado cuál fue la fuente literaria que toma la dramaturga para su dramatización de la leyenda de santa Irene en La margarita del Tajo que dio nombre a Santarén.
El análisis dramático de las siete piezas teatrales, núcleo de la tesis, está dividido en dos extensos capítulos. En el primero, dedicado al estudio del tiempo y el espacio –elementos estructurales de las piezas–, se analizan los diferentes espacios dramáticos –geográficos, interiores y exteriores–, los espacios escénicos y los escenográficos –decorado, utilería, tramoya, efectos sonoros y vestuario–, así como el tiempo dramático de las obras. Asimismo, todos estos elementos espacio-temporales se presentan en unas tablas esquemáticas, para, con ello, ofrecer una visión de conjunto de cada una de las comedias.
El segundo de estos capítulos centrales, dedicado al análisis de los personajes y, por tanto, al desarrollo de las tramas dramáticas, está conformado por dos aparados: en el primero se analiza la configuración de las figuras protagonistas, donde se observa cómo las dramaturgas idean a las damas de sus obras, bien como mujeres combativas o, por el contrario, como víctimas de las pasiones masculinas; mientras que en el segundo apartado se examina la función dramática que adquieren los criados de las obras en relación con sus señores. Además, se incluye en el capítulo el análisis de las relaciones de amistad que mantienen las damas de estas obras, tema recurrente en las comedias de autoría femenina y, en el caso de La traición en la amistad, asunto central de la pieza; y se estudia el recurso del disfraz en El muerto disimulado, donde se analiza cómo Ángela de Acevedo utiliza tanto el travestismo masculino y femenino en dos de los personajes principales.
Finalmente, en las conclusiones se resumen los datos esenciales para situar en su contexto las obras teatrales analizadas, obtenidos gracias a la minuciosa investigación llevada a cabo.In this thesis I analyze and compare from a philological perspective the only four Spanish dramatists of the 17th century (Ana Caro, María de Zayas, Ángela Acevedo and Leonor de la Cueva) "comedias" that have been preserved. In all, I examine seven plays, adjusted to the dramatic conventions of the "comedia nueva": Valor, agravio y mujer and El conde Partinuplés, by Caro; La traición en la amistad, by Zayas; Dicha y desdicha del juego y devoción de la Virgen, El muerto disimulado and La margarita del Tajo que dio nombre a Santarén, by Acevedo; and La firmeza en el ausencia, by Leonor de la Cueva.
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Lemarchand, Leslie. "Babillage et diversification alimentaire : pratiques et influence de l'exposition aux textures sur le contrôle oro-moteur." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2011/document.
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Au cours de la première année de vie, l’enfant passe progressivement d’une alimentation exclusivement lactée à une alimentation familiale grâce à une période de diversification alimentaire. C’est également au cours de cette période qu’apparaissent le babillage et la mastication tous deux associés à l’émergence d’oscillations rythmiques mandibulaires (MacNeilage, 1998). Ce geste moteur commun ainsi que la cooccurrence des troubles alimentaires et des troubles du langage/parole suggèrent l’existence d’un lien entre le développement des activités de parole et d’alimentation. À ce jour, nonseulement peu d’études ont examiné les caractéristiques du développement précoce de ces deux activités, mais il en existe aussi très peu qui ont cherché à vérifier expérimentalement ce lien. Ce projet de thèse vise à répondre à ces deux objectifs. La première partie de notre travail vise ainsi à décrire les conduites alimentaires du jeune enfant français au cours de la diversification alimentaire et à les comparer aux recommandations des organismes de santé publique (OMS, Inpes). Un questionnaire parental intitulé « Inventaire des Conduites Alimentaires » a été créé et a permis d’examiner les modalités d’introduction des aliments complémentaires, et notamment de celles des textures, au sein d’un échantillon de 806 enfants français au développement typique. La deuxième partie de notre recherche a pour objectif d’examiner le lien existant entre le babillage et la mastication au sein de deux études. En nous appuyant sur des données acoustiques et vidéo, nous avons tout d’abord examiné de manière longitudinale les trajectoires développementales des patrons temporels syllabiques etmasticatoires entre 8 et 14 mois chez 4 enfants québécois. Nous avons ensuite analysé les caractéristiques de ces patrons temporels chez 14 enfants français âgés de 10 mois en fonction du développement des gestes communicatifs et du type de textures consommées. Les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence un âge de transition alimentaire compris entre 4 et 5 mois ainsi qu’une introduction séquentielle des textures lors de la diversification alimentaire. Par ailleurs, les trajectoires des patronssyllabiques et masticatoires obtenues suggèrent d’une part une amélioration globale du contrôle oromoteur entre 10 et 12 mois et d’autre part que les patrons temporels syllabiques subissent l’influence du type de textures auquel l’enfant est régulièrement exposé. Nos observations font ainsi émerger des arguments en faveur de l’existence d’une interdépendance unilatérale entre les activités de parole et d’alimentation à un stade précoce du développementDuring the first years of life, the child gradually moves from an exclusively milk diet to a family diet through a period of complementary feeding. It is also during this period that babbling and mastication appear. They are both associated with the emergence of mandibular rhythmic oscillations (MacNeilage, 1998). This common motor gesture and the co-occurrenceof eating disorders and speech / language disorders suggest a link between the development of speech and eating activities. To date, only few studies described the characteristics of the early development of these two activities, and there are also very few that have tried to verify this link experimentally. This PhD project aims to meet these two goals. The first part of our workpursue the objective of describing the feeding behavior of young French children during complementary feeding period and to compare them with the recommendations of public health organizations (WHO, Inpes). A parental questionnaire entitled "Inventaire des Conduites Alimentaires" was created and allowed to examine the modalities of introduction of complementary foods, including those of textures, in a sample of 806 French typically developing children. The second part of our work aims to test the link between babbling and chewing in two studies. Using acoustic and video data we first examined longitudinally thedevelopmental trajectories of syllabic and masticatory temporal patterns between 8 and 14 months in 4 Quebecers children. Afterwards, we analyzed the characteristics of these temporal patterns in 14 French 10 months old children according to the development of communicative gestures and the type of textures consumed. The results show an average age of food transitionbetween 4 and 5 months and a sequential introduction of textures during dietary diversification. Moreover, the trajectories of the syllabic and masticatory patterns obtained suggest on the one hand an overall improvement of the oro-motor control between 10 and 12 months, and on the other hand that the syllabic temporal patterns would be influenced by the type of textures to which the child is regularly exposed. These observations thus give rise to arguments for the existence of a one-sided interdependence between speech and feeding activities at an early stage of development
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Israël-Sarfati, Nathalie Montaudon Manon. "Sphère oro-faciale des enfants porteurs de microdélétion 22q11 recherche de liens entre troubles de succion-déglutition précoces et troubles d'articulation et/ou des praxies bucco-linguo-faciales à l'acquisition du langage oral /." Nancy : Université Henri-Poincaré, 2009. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_MORT_2009_ISRAEL_SARFATI_NATHALIE_MONTAUDON_MANON.pdf.
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Bygren, Therese. "Tú, vos o vuestra merced : Un estudio comparativo de las formas pronominales de tratamiento en el Siglo de oro." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för moderna språk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-238102.
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Los pronombres de tratamiento han cambiado mucho durante los siglos y los cambios destacados ocurrieron durante el Siglo de Oro, cuando también el español de las colonias empezó a diferenciarse del español “oficial”. En esta tesina examinamos los pronombres de tratamiento en dos comedias de aquel tiempo de diferentes regiones, a saber, España y el Virreinato de Nueva España para ver las diferencias en el uso de los pronombres. Usamos la teoría de Brown & Gilman y Brown & Levinson en el análisis y llegamos a la conclusión de que no existen suficientes diferencias entre las dos obras para sacar conclusiones generales, aunque las similitudes entre el uso de los pronombres de las dos obras están de acuerdo con los estudios anteriores sobre el uso de los pronombres de segunda persona.
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McNabb, Stephen Delaney. "Shouts of the Khori-Challwa: Andean Mythological and Cosmological Reconsiderations of the American Identity in Gamaliel Churata’s El pez de oro." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4010.
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This thesis explores the possible creation of a new categorization of American Literature as presented in the Andean novel El pez de oro: Retablos del Laykhakuy (1957) by Gamaliel Churata. In El pez de oro, Gamaliel Churata presents a strategy for the recuperation of native Andean cultural agency that enables the Andean subject to reclaim traces of their ancestral past under more verisimilar and verifiable terms. Churata argues that through a recuperation of native language and its infusion into the body of the major colonial language, Spanish, the Andean subject is equipped with a new culture producing tool that enables the recuperation of language, agency, history, and, ultimately, representation and inclusion within cultural and political institutional frameworks. By introducing his own function of bilingualism, vernacular language, and mythological infusions into the body of colonial letters, Gamaliel Churata is able to destabilize and disrupt colonial historical and textual authority to the point where the invented concept of America and the colonial product of American identity can be re-examined. Through this examination emerges a new option for the categorization of American identity as an aesthetic construct. Within this new categorization of aesthetic American identity, the Andean subject can begin his own process of self-identification through his native language toward the production of a future Andean American subject.
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Burfin, Sabine. "L'apport des informations visuelles des gestes oro-faciaux dans le traitement phonologique des phonèmes natifs et non-natifs : approches comportementale, neurophysiologique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GRENS002/document.
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En situation de perception audiovisuelle de la parole, comme lors des conversations face-àface,nous pouvons tirer partie des informations visuelles fournies par les mouvements orofaciauxdu locuteur. Ceci améliore l’intelligibilité du discours. L'objectif de ce travail était dedéterminer si ce « bénéfice audiovisuel » permet de mieux identifier les phonèmes quin’existent pas dans notre langue. Nos résultats révèlent que l’utilisation de l’informationvisuelle permet de surmonter les difficultés posées par la surdité phonologique dont noussommes victimes lors d'une présentation auditive seule (Etude 1). Une étude EEG indique quel’apport des informations visuelles au processus d’identification de phonèmes non natifspourrait être dû à une modulation précoce des traitements effectués par le cortex auditifprimaire (Etude 2). En présentation audiovisuelle les phonèmes non natifs donnent lieu à uneP50, ce qui n’est pas observé pour les phonèmes natifs. Il semblerait également quel'expérience linguistique affecte l'utilisation des informations visuelles puisque des bilinguesprécoces semblent moins aptes à exploiter ces indices pour distinguer des phonèmes qui neleur sont pas familiers (Etude 3). Enfin, l’étude de l’identification de consonnes plosivesnatives avec une tâche de dévoilement progressif nous a permis d’évaluer la contributionconjointe et séparée des informations auditives et visuelles (Etude 4). Nous avons observé quel’apport de la modalité visuelle n’est pas systématique et que la prédictibilité de l’identité duphonème dépend de la saillance visuelle des mouvements articulatoires du locuteurDuring audiovisual speech perception, like in face-to-face conversations, we can takeadvantage of the visual information conveyed by the speaker's oro-facial gestures. Thisenhances the intelligibility of the utterance. The aim of this work was to determine whetherthis “audiovisual benefit” can improve the identification of phonemes that do not exist in ourmother tongue. Our results revealed that the visual information contributes to overcome thephonological deafness phenomenon we experience in an audio only situation (Study 1). AnERP study indicates that this benefit could be due to the modulation of early processing in theprimary auditory cortex (Study 2). The audiovisual presentation of non native phonemesgenerates a P50 that is not observed for native phonemes. The linguistic background affectsthe way we use visual information. Early bilinguals take less advantage of the visual cuesduring the processing of unfamiliar phonemes (Study 3). We examined the identificationprocesses of native plosive consonants with a gating paradigm to evaluate the differentialcontribution of auditory and visual cues across time (Study 4). We observed that theaudiovisual benefit is not systematic. Phoneme predictability depends on the visual saliencyof the articulatory movements of the speaker
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Jansson, Elin. "No, it is more often those with a high performance level, and good English knowledge, who experience anxiety : A qualitative study of teachers’ experiences of speaking anxiety in Swedish upper secondary school." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-72847.
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The aim of the present study was to explore teachers’ experiences of student anxiety in the subject of English in Swedish upper secondary schools. Five teachers were interviewed to find out about their experiences of what causes anxiety in their students and what strategies they have found work best in order to decrease speaking anxiety. The results showed that the anxious students are usually those with a high performance level and good English knowledge. All participants agreed that the reason for anxiety is that performing in speech is perceived as embarrassing. Students tend to see all speaking activities as tests of their knowledge and are afraid of what reactions they may receive. The most distinct way to identify anxiety turned out to spot students’ withdrawal from all speaking activities in English. The best strategy to reduce speaking anxiety according to all participants was careful formation of groups, since smaller groups with only the closest friends is the best way to work for these students. Interestingly, while all teachers mentioned the benefits of recordings and podcasts, only one teacher used this method exclusively instead of oral presentations.Syftet med denna studie var att ta reda på lärares erfarenheter av elevers oro inför att tala engelska i svenska gymnasieskolor. Fem lärare intervjuades för att få reda på deras erfarenheter av vad det är som gör eleverna oroliga och vilka strategier som de har märkt fungerar bäst för att minska oron över att tala. Resultaten visade att de oroliga eleverna oftast är de som är högpresterande och har goda engelskakunskaper. Alla deltagare var överens om att anledningen till oron är att det uppfattas som pinsamt att tala. Elever ser alla muntliga övningar som prov på sina kunskaper och är oroliga över hur de andra ska reagera. Tydligaste sättet att identifiera oro visade sig vara att vara uppmärksam på undvikande-strategier från engelskaktiviteter. Den bästa strategin för att minska oron enligt alla lärare var att kontrollera hur grupperna formas, eftersom mindre grupper med bara de närmsta vännerna är det bästa sättet att jobba för dessa elever. Intressant var det även att se att, trots att alla lärare nämnde fördelar med att spela in muntliga diskussioner, var det bara en lärare som valt att använda sig av denna metod istället för muntliga redovisningar.
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Buzo, Amir. "Intelligent Data Layer: : An approach to generating data layer from normalized database model." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, fysik och matematik, DFM, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-22170.
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Model View Controller (MVC) software architecture is widely spread and commonly used in application’s development. Therefore generation of data layer for the database model is able to reduce cost and time. After research on current Object Relational Mapping (ORM) tools, it was discovered that there are generating tools like Data Access Object (DAO) and Hibernate, however their usage causes problems like inefficiency and slow performance due to many connections with database and set up time. Most of these tools are trying to solve specific problems rather than generating a data layer which is an important component and the bottom layer of database centred applications. The proposed solution to the problem is an engineering approach where we have designed a tool named Generated Intelligent Data Layer (GIDL). GIDL tool generates small models which create the main data layer of the system according to the Database Model. The goal of this tool is to enable and allow software developers to work only with object without deep knowledge in SQL. The problem of transaction and commit is solved by the tool. Also filter objects are constructed for filtering the database. GIDL tool reduced the number of connections and also have a cache where to store object lists and modify them. The tool is compared under the same environment with Hibernate and showed a better performance in terms of time evaluations for the same functions. GIDL tool is beneficial for software developers, because it generates the entire data layer.
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Burton, Mary Ashley. "Contextos nacionales y transnacionales: la nueva reencarnación del melodrama mexicano en la película Bella (2006, Alejandro Monteverde)." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1334192023.
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Sibilu, Temesgen Negassa. "The influence of Evangelical Christianity on the development of the Oromo language in Ethiopia." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21018.
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This study investigates the role of the Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus (EECMY) in the development of the Oromo language. The main aim of the study is to provide an account of the contribution of this particular church to the maintenance and development of Oromo, which is spoken by the largest speech community in Ethiopia. The study draws on theoretical and methodological frameworks from the field of language planning and development. The main source of data was interviews and focus group discussions conducted with church leaders at different organisational levels and other members of the church community. In addition, documents found in the church archives were analysed. The findings indicate that a number of church activities have contributed to the maintenance and development of the language. These activities include translation and transliteration work of the Bible and other religious literature, literacy and educational programmes, media work as well as use of Oromo in the liturgy and church services. This study also examined the obstacles that hindered the development of Oromo. The main obstacle was the conflict within the EECMY that arose in 1995 over the use of the language. The study unearths the roots of the controversy through a brief historical examination of the church’s attempts to develop the language, despite opposition from the Ethiopian Orthodox Church and earlier regimes, which proscribed the use of the vernacular languages in Ethiopia. Thereafter it focuses on the internal conflict after the change to a democratic government when the situation in Ethiopia became more favourable towards use of vernacular languages. It identifies the causes of the conflict, the way in which it was resolved and the effects which it had on the development of the language. Recommendations are made for further research and some suggestions are given regarding ways to promote the future development of the Oromo language.Linguistics and Modern Languages
D. Litt. et Phil. (Linguistics)
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Means, Henry Furman III. "La sociedad de la edad de oro en "Don Quijote de la Mancha"." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/17109.
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In Don Quixote, Cervantes presents a detailed portrayal of Golden Age Spanish society. Although this aspect of the novel has been noted throughout the centuries by various authors, we feel that there are new commentaries to be made on this subject, particularly with regards to how Cervantes criticizes society. He accomplishes his criticism through parody, especially in the form of comical episodes and humorous dialogue made by the characters in Don Quixote.
Since humor is usually constructive in parodying society, the unique humor found in Don Quixote enables Cervantes to inform his readers of examples of society's ills and the desires of many people to promote themselves to a higher social status. Contrary to the pessimistic reactions against society's ills found in the works of his contemporaries, Cervantes manages to show a humorous and more optimistic response. This is evident since he reveals the redeeming qualities of the Spanish people.
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Key, Ethan Michael. "Onesimos Nasib and the Macaafa Qulqulluu: Language, Religion, and Culture in Ethiopia." 2017. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_theses/114.
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Language and religion are essential components of cultural identity. Cultural identity both reinforces and subverts the dominant paradigm. An alliance of Church and State in Ethiopia reinforced Abyssinian imperial political, economic, and military domination with linguistic, religious, and cultural hegemony. The Abyssinians are the Amhara and Tigrayan people, who speak related Semitic languages and follow Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity. As the Abyssinians created the modern Ethiopian empire, they dominated the Ethiopian political landscape since the 1880s. Onesimos Nasib’s life serves as a case study, allowing this thesis to explore these themes of how culture can reinforce or undermine state authority. Enslaved as a child, Onesimos’ life reveals how cultural perceptions justified exploitation in the Abyssinian Empire. After his freedom and baptism into the Protestant Christian faith, Onesimos’ work as a missionary, translator, and teacher reveals how language, culture, and religion can help edify an exploited group while challenging the sources of that exploitation. This thesis emphasizes the significance of Oromo literature, education, and the adoption of Protestant Christianity in Wallaga region in Western Ethiopia during the early twentieth century as a means of preserving Oromo language, culture, and beliefs.
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Gobana, Jeilan Aman. "Challenges of mother-tongue education in primary schools: the case of Afan Oromo in the East Hararge Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13830.
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The study was aimed at investigating challenges hampering mother-tongue education with special reference to Afan Oromo in the Eastern Hararge Zone, the Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. The study mainly explored the available learning materials and the skilled teachers in mother-tongue education, attitudinal factors, the extent of stakeholders’ support for mother-tongue education, parents’ education and their awareness about education through mother tongue and parent school involvements. In the study, the researcher used a mixed method approach in which both quantitative and qualitative research designs were employed to corroborate the data obtained through one method by using other methods to minimise limitations observed in a single design. In the quantitative design, survey questionnaires were employed. Accordingly, 634 primary school teachers and 134 students were randomly selected and asked to fill the questionnaires. These quantitative data were analysed through the SPSS software and responses were analysed using the percentages and the chi-square. Qualitative data obtained through in-depth interviews and observations were analysed using thematic approaches. Documents on education policy, constitutions of the country and reports of the Ministry of Education of Ethiopia were also consulted and integrated with the analyses of the data. The study generally suggests unless strong political and administrative supports are given and public awareness about the mother tongue use in education and development is created, the effort to make Afan Oromo the language of education, intellectuals and development may remain fruitless. In this respect, all the stakeholders, intellectuals and leaders must work together to overcome challenges and dilemmas that impede the implementation of mother-tongue education. The practical works on the ground should match with the language policy of the country. Popular awareness raising activities and mobilization of the communities should be carried out carefully to involve all the communitiesAfrican Languages
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Jeilan, Aman Gobana. "Challenges of mother-tongue education in primary schools: the case of Afan Oromo in the East Hararge Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13830.
Full textAbstract:
The study was aimed at investigating challenges hampering mother-tongue education with special reference to Afan Oromo in the Eastern Hararge Zone, the Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. The study mainly explored the available learning materials and the skilled teachers in mother-tongue education, attitudinal factors, the extent of stakeholders’ support for mother-tongue education, parents’ education and their awareness about education through mother tongue and parent school involvements. In the study, the researcher used a mixed method approach in which both quantitative and qualitative research designs were employed to corroborate the data obtained through one method by using other methods to minimise limitations observed in a single design. In the quantitative design, survey questionnaires were employed. Accordingly, 634 primary school teachers and 134 students were randomly selected and asked to fill the questionnaires. These quantitative data were analysed through the SPSS software and responses were analysed using the percentages and the chi-square. Qualitative data obtained through in-depth interviews and observations were analysed using thematic approaches. Documents on education policy, constitutions of the country and reports of the Ministry of Education of Ethiopia were also consulted and integrated with the analyses of the data. The study generally suggests unless strong political and administrative supports are given and public awareness about the mother tongue use in education and development is created, the effort to make Afan Oromo the language of education, intellectuals and development may remain fruitless. In this respect, all the stakeholders, intellectuals and leaders must work together to overcome challenges and dilemmas that impede the implementation of mother-tongue education. The practical works on the ground should match with the language policy of the country. Popular awareness raising activities and mobilization of the communities should be carried out carefully to involve all the communitiesAfrican Languages
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Valentim, Isabel Maria Cruz. "Definição do modelo conceptual de dados através das linguagens UML e ORM." Master's thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/1975.
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Esta dissertação tem por objectivo a comparação e avaliação de duas linguagens de
modelação de dados, elas são o diagrama de classes do UML (Unified Modeling
Language) e o ORM (Object-Role Modeling), o diagrama de classes por ser um diagrama
vocacionado para a modelação de dados que suportam os sistemas de informação e o ORM
por ser um método que pretende simplificar o processo no planeamento da construção e da
estruturação do modelo de dados de um sistema de informação.
Ambas as linguagens utilizam uma notação própria que se pretende comparar e avaliar, de
forma a verificar qual das linguagens representa e completa mais adequadamente o modelo
conceptual de dados, no levantamento de todos os detalhes relevantes do domínio da
aplicação que se pretende implementar.
Para melhor compreendermos estas linguagens é apresentada a notação e a semântica
utilizada por cada uma delas, procedendo-se à sua aplicação através de um caso prático
sobre um sistema de informação para a gestão de “Leilões On-line”, onde é feita a
definição do modelo conceptual de dados em ambas as linguagens e, posteriormente, é
efectuada a sua comparação.
Com base na comparação é efectuada uma avaliação à qualidade semântica e à qualidade
sintáctica das linguagens, de acordo com os critérios, métricas, valores e ponderações
aplicáveis à análise da qualidade das linguagens de modelação de dados.This dissertation is aimed at the comparison and evaluation of two languages used in modeling data, they are the class diagram of the UML (Unified Modeling Language) and ORM (Object-Role Modeling), the diagram of classes to be a diagram designed for the modeling of data that support information systems and ORM to be a method that aims to simplify the process in planning the construction and structure of the data model of an information system. Both languages use a notation itself to be compared and evaluated in order to check which language is most appropriate and complete the conceptual model of data in the capture of all relevant details in the domain of application to implement. To better understand these languages is presented graphically the notation used in each one, making up for its implementation through a case study on an information system for the management of "On-line Auctions" which is made in the shaping of data both languages and, later, it made its comparison. Based on a comparison is made to assessment of the quality semantic and the quality syntactic of the languages, according to the criteria, metrics, values and weights applied to the analysis of the quality of language modeling data.
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John, Manju Mereen. "An investigation into the use of ORM as a conceptual modelling technique with the UML domain model class diagram as benchmark." Diss., 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/964.
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This study investigated the use of ORM as a conceptual modelling technique by using the UML domain model class diagram as benchmark. The rationale was that if the ORM-class diagram compared favourably with the benchmark, then ORM could be proposed as an alternate conceptual modelling technique. Proponents of ORM suggest that it has significant advantages over other techniques for conceptual modelling.
The benchmark UML class diagram was developed according to the Unified Process through use-cases and collaboration diagrams. The ORM-class diagram was derived using the Conceptual Schema Design Process and ORM-UML Mapping Process. The evaluation of the two class diagrams was conducted by means of a questionnaire, based on a set of principles for conceptual models. The study concluded that ORM could not be proposed as a conceptual modelling technique
up to the UML domain class diagram level without considering additional
techniques for capturing the dynamics of the system.Computer Science
M.Sc. (Computer Science)
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Flanagan, Liana C. "The validity of a three-part criteria for differentiating between delayed pharyngeal swallow and premature spillage secondary to poor oro-lingual control on videofluoroscopy : a thesis completed in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Speech and Language Therapy in the University of Canterbury /." 2007. http://library.canterbury.ac.nz/etd/adt-NZCU20070904.121253.
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