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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ornamental Horticulture'
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1
Case, Luke Thomas. "Herbicide-treated mulches for ornamental weed control." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1399623802.
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Crocker, Jaime. "Compost as a Growth Substrate for Woody Ornamental Nursery Production." TopSCHOLAR®, 2004. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/545.
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Peat is an expensive, environmentally nonrenewable component of media used to grow woody ornamental trees. Leaf compost from the city of Bowling Green is an inexpensive renewable resource that was substituted for peat in soil-less container media. Seeds of three commercially important tree species, Koelreuteria paniculata (goldenraintree), Quercus alba (white oak), and Magnolia grandiflora (southern magnolia) were grown in 473 mL bottomless milk containers for 150 days, then repotted to 3785 mL pots for 90 days. Media ratios were 1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, and 0:1 parts commercial media to leaf compost from the Western Kentucky University Agricultural Research Center in Bowling Green, Kentucky. Destructive and nondestructive measurements were made at 90, 150, 210, and 240 days after planting (DAP). K. paniculata root weight, stem weight, leaf weight, leaf number, and stem height was higher at 90 DAP; stem and leaf growth increased at 210 DAP when grown in a media containing compost; thus it may be a good candidate for use in such a system. Q. alba growth was decreased by the addition of compost and does not appear to be a good candidate for proposed media. At 240 DAP, root weight decreased from 4.777g when grown in commercial media compared to 0.997g in leaf compost. Q. alba leaf number also decreased from 8.5 in commercial media to 0.5 with leaf compost. The results from M. grandiflora were mixed, and further classification is necessary. Media samples showed increased soil pH from 6.2 in the commercial mix to 8.5 in pure compost. Elevated pH and its associated availability of anions and cations likely was the greatest factor influencing growth of these trees. Economic analysis demonstrated that significant cost savings to the producer could be achieved by using compost as a media component.
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Delaporte, Kate Louise. "Eucalypts for ornamental horticulture : selection, interspecific hybridisation and postharvest testing /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AHP/09hpd338.pdf.
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Palzkill, D. A., and M. El-Serafy. "Evaluation of Cold Storage for Unrooted Jojoba Cuttings." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/216049.
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Jojoba stem tip cuttings were stored under refrigerated conditions of 34° and 42°F for up to 2 months with no loss in rooting potential. Rooting percent for cuttings of two clones which were rooted with no prior storage was 64.8%. Rooting after 7, 14, 28 and 56 days of storage was 81.7, 72.9, 71.7 and 81.2 %, respectively.
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Miller, W. B. "Localization of Reserve Remobilization During Scalet Formation on Lilium longiflorum Scales." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/216050.
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When Lilium longiflorum bulb scales we removed and placed in a moist environment, new bulbs ("scalets") arise from the base of the original scale, providing a practical means of clonal propagation. To determine which region of the scale is responsible for the early development of the new scalet, investigations were conducted on the localization of stanch hydrolysis and accumulation of soluble sugars in basal distal and central regions. Over a six week period starch concentration decreases initially in the distal regions, followed by the central region. Soluble sugars increased in distal areas over this same time period These findings indicate the distal regions of a lily scale are important in the early development of the new scalet, in contrast to the adjacen4 basal region.
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Miller, W. B., and D. A. Bailey. "Determining Optimum Length of Bulb Cold Storage for Oriental Hybrid Lilies in Arizona." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/216051.
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Bulbs of three varieties of oriental hybrid lilies were stored at 4 °C for 6 to 12 weeks prior to greenhouse forcing at 18 °C night temperature. Increasing duration of storage reduced the number of days to shoot emergence, visible flower buck and anthesis for each variety. The number of days from planting to anthesis ranged from 70 to 102 and varied with cultivar and storage duration. Increasing durations of storage had no commercially significant effect on the number of flowers reaching anthesis, number of leaves or aborted flower buds. The varieties used in this study flower earlier than commercially established cultivars and may be successfully forced in Arizona for early spring holidays.
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Ravetta, D., and D. A. Palzkill. "Branch Induction with Cytokinin to Improve Appearance and Increase Cutting Production of Jojoba." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/216069.
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Treatment of jojoba plants with foliar sprays of benzyladenine (BA) alone, or in combination with gibberellin(4+7) (GA(4+7)) fatly increased branching frequency compared to untreated control plants and to plants from which all shoot tips were removed (pinched). Use of BA by itself resulted in an adverse reduction in intemode elongation. This was overcome in treatments which included GA(4+7) Use of GA(4+7) by itself resulted in reduced branching and abnormal shoot elongation. Pruning (pinching) of all shoot tips resulted in a slight increase in branching over untreated plants, but it had much less effect on branching than did treatments with BA. Results were very similar on two different clones tested.
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Miller, W. B. "Identification of the Phloem Translocated Carbohydrate in Idria columnaris (Boojum tree)." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/216070.
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Sucrose was identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as the only phloem-mobile carbohydrate in the Boojum tree. This result has implications for carbohydrate metabolism in the desert adapted Boojum and ocotillo, as discussed below.
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Doerge, T. A., and R. Gibson. "Correcting Iron Chlorosis in Pyracantha." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/216071.
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The alkaline nature of most Arizona soils contributes to widespread iron deficiency in exotic ornamental plants, such as pyracantha. An experiment was conducted in 1987 to evaluate the effectiveness of two soil-applied iron fertilizers (FeEDDHA chelate and a jarosite-type iron silicate, Ironite\) and three rates of foliar- applied FeEDDHA in controlling iron chlorosis symptoms in established pyracantha vines. Soil-applied FeEDDHA was the most effective in reducing iron chlorosis symptoms, followed by the foliar chelate treatments. The iron silicate material had no significant effect on iron chloroses symptoms compared to the untreated control. Both soil and foliar applications of FeEDDHA chelate made in the fall can effectively control iron chlorosis symptoms in established pyracantha.
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Johnson, M. B., and D. A. Palzkill. "Underutilized Native Woody Legumes for Landscape Use." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/216072.
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Bailey, D. A., W. B. Miller, and D. A. Palzkill. "Propogation of Baja Fairy Duster (Calliandra Californica) by Stem Tip Cuttings." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215834.
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Stem tip cuttings of Calliandra californica were treated, prior to rooting with 0, 4,000, 4000, 12,000 or 16,000 ppm IBA in a talc formulation. Rooting was enhanced by application of 12,000 and 16,000 ppm IBA. Root system fresh weight increased with increasing concentration of IBA. No treatment effected percent survival of cuttings.
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Palzkill, D. A., and L. DePaul. "Rooting of Stem Cuttings of Mortonia scabrella." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215860.
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Mortonia scabrella can be successfully propagated by stem -tip cuttings during May to September. Better rooting seems to occur during the less stressful months of May and September than in mid-summer. A wide range of rooting response occurs between different clones; the best will root in the range of 70-80%, which should be acceptable in a commercial propagation situation. In one cycle of selection in which the best 3 out of 16 clones were selected for a repeat study, average rooting success increased from 6% to 33 %. Apparently genetic differences for rooting potential occur. Further selection from larger populations, and/or breeding for this trait should result in cutting propagation becoming relatively easy for this species.
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Palzkill, D. A., L. DePaul, and C. Sivilli. "Seed Germination Response of Penstemon spp. To Gibberellic Acid." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215861.
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Treatment of seed with gibberellic acid (GA) resulted in significant increases in germination percent for Penstemon ambiguous, P. barbatus, P. eatoni, P. palmeri, P. parryi. P. pseudospectabilis, P. secundiflorus, and P. strictus in one or both of two experiments which were conducted. Germination of several other species increased with GA treatment, but differences were not significant.
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Miller, W. B., D. A. Bailey, and D. A. Palzkill. "Propogation and Nursery Production Studies With New Arid Land Species." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215862.
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Several species of low -water requiring species have been successfully propagated through vegetative and sexual means. Auxin treatments and bottom healing were beneficial in many cases. Development of improved propagation schemes, and subsequent growing practices, will increase grower success and profitability, eventually increasing availability of new low water use plants to the Arizona consumer. The long-term result of this work will be the availability of new, low-water use plant species which may be utilized by the homeowner and landscape contractor. The addition of new and exciting plant materials to the consumer market, it is hoped will accelerate the use of arid species in the Arizona landscape, resulting in water savings throughout the state, particularly in urban areas.
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Bailey, D. A. "Spray Carrier Volume and Irrigation Method Effects on XE-1019 Efficacy on Poinsettias." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215833.
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Plants of Euphorbia pulchenima Wind. 'Gutbier V-14 Glory Annette Hegg Dark Red', and 'Annette Hegg Brilliant Diamond' were treated with 37 iw a.i. of XE-1019 applied in 102, 204, or 408 ml-m⁻² foliar sprays. Half of the plants received overhead irrigation and the remaining received soil-surface irrigations. No spray carrier volume effect or irrigation effect was observed for final plant height, bract canopy diameter, or for days from start of short days to bloom. The results obtained do not support the hypothesis that spray carrier volume or irrigation method affect the efficacy of XE-1019 on poinsettias.
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Bailey, D. A., and W. B. Miller. "Chemical Growth Retardant Effects on Easter Lilies." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215853.
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Plants of Lilium longiflontm Thunb. 'Nellie White' recei,yed the following treatments during forcing: 1) control; 2-3) gne or two sprays of 50 mg-liter ancymidol 4-9) one or two sprays of 5, la, or 15 mg-liter XE-1019; or 10) one spray of 20 mg-liter XE-1019. All growth retardant treatments reduced plant height compared to controls. Plant height decreased linearly with increasing concentration of XE-1019 for both one- and two-spray treatments. High concentrations of XE-1019 delayed anthesis; ancymidol treatments did not. Individual corolla length was not affected by treatments. Treatments did not affect daughter bulb depletion or new daughter bulb growth. Total leaf area and leaf dry weight decreased as XE-1019 concentration increased; ancymidol treatments did not affect leaf area, but did reduce leaf dry weight. Leaf total soluble carbohydrate decreased with increasing concentration of XE-1019.
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Bailey, D. A. "Chemical Height Control of Florists' Hydrangeas." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215854.
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XE-1019 (2 foliar sprays of 10, 2Q or 30 mg-liter⁻¹) was applied to plants of Hydrangea macrophylla Ser. 'Rose Supreme' during greenhouse forcing. Doses applied resulted in excessive reductions in shoot elongation and inflorescence diameters and delayed anthesis. Shoot growth was reduced with increasing XE-1019 concentration. Shoot length was reduced 46 %; stem dry weight was reduced 31 %; leaf area per shoot was reduced 44 %; inflorescence height was cut by 45 %; and inflorescence mass was reduced 48% with the 30 mg-liter⁻¹ XE-1019 treatment. Specific leaf weight increased with increased XE -1019 concentration (192% increase with the 30 mg-liter⁻¹ treatment) resulting in thicker leaves at anthesis. XE-1019 is an effective height control agent for florists' hydrangeas, and shows significant activity at very low (less than 0.2 mg a.i. per plant) doses.
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Bailey, D. A. "Effects of XE-1019 Spray Concentration of Chrysanthemums." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215855.
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Plants of Chrysanthemum moifolium Ramat. 'Ovaro' received 0, 10, 20, or 30 mg-liter ⁻¹ XE-1019 applied as a 204 ml-m⁻² foliar spray. Treatments did not affect time from start of short days to bloom or inflorescence height lunge. Inflorescence height and inflorescence display diameter both were reduced with increasing concentration of XE-1019.
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Bailey, D. A. "Spray Carrier Volume Effects on XE-1019 and Chrysanthemums." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215856.
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Plant of Chysanthemum morífolium Rymat. 'Ovaio' received 0, 102, 204, 304 or 408 ml-m⁻² of 0, 40, 20, 13.3, and 10 mg-liter⁻¹ XE-1019, respectively. No treatment affected time from start of short days to bloom or inflorescence display diameter. All XE-1019 treatments resulted in shorter plants than controls did. No carrier volume effect on plant height was observed. The inflorescence height range per pot decreased with increasing carrier volume. The greater inflorescence height uniformity achieved with the high carrier volume is beneficial and warrants further investigation.
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Bailey, D. A. "Use of Growth Retardants for Floral Initiation of Hydrangeas." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215857.
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Floral initiation was successfully stimulated for plants of Hydrangea macrophylla 'Rose Supreme' under non-inductive environmental conditions by spraying plants with XE-1019 or paclobutrazol. Effective treatments were 10 weekly of 5 biweekly sprays of 100 mg-liter ⁻¹ paclobutrazol; 5 biweekly sprays of 11 or 30 mg-liter⁻¹ XE-1019, and 4 triweekly (once every 3 weeks) sprays of 15 or 30 mg-liter⁻¹ XE-1019.
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Bailey, D. A. "Podranea Height Control with XE-1019." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215858.
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Foliar sprays of XE -1019 at 3, 4 9, 12, 15, l8 and 36 mg a.i. liter⁻¹ were found to be effective in controlling the height of Podroea ricasoliana However, at higher concentrations (greater than 12 ppm), undesirable leaflet curling and reductions in leaflet size were observed All treatments lost effectiveness in controlling internode elongation during week 4 and 5.
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Bailey, D. A., and W. B. Miller. "Controlling Hybrid Lily Plant Height with Ancymicol and XE-1019." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215859.
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Plants of Lilium speciosum hybrids '101' and '298' received one 125 ml soil drench containing 1-3) 0, 0.125, or 0.25 mg ai. ancymidol per pot; or 4-6) 0.05, 0.10, or 0.15 mg a.i. XE-1019 per pot. Ancymidol treatments were less effective in controlling plant height (11 % and 16 % reduction of control plant height) than were XE-1019 treatments (18 %, 26 %, and 34 % reduction of control plant height). Treatments did not affect days from planting to visible bud; days from planting to anthesis of the first flower per inflorescence; the total number of flowers per inflorescence reaching anthesis; or the number of aborting buds per inflorescence. The treatments investigated allowed for rapid production of plants having a commercially acceptable height without a reduction in flowering quality.
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Ferraro, Nathaniel Klug. "Economic Analysis of Recapturing and Recycling Irrigation Techniques on Horticulture Nurseries." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76656.
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The horticulture industry is facing limited water resources and public pressure to reduce non-point source pollution. In some circumstances, recapturing and recycling of irrigation water in horticultural nurseries can generate significant savings relative to the costs of alternative water sources and potentially reduce non-point source pollution. However, obtaining these savings may also incur substantial risk and capital cost outlays. Disease risk may increase in nurseries that implement recapturing and recycling if recycled water is not properly treated. These added costs must be compared with costs of alternative sources of water, such as municipal or well water. This study employed partial budgeting to compare irrigation water being extended or supplemented through recapturing and recycling against the most feasible alternative. On-site visits were conducted to obtain information for partial budgets and to clarify the reasoning of nurseries choosing to recycle irrigation water. The partial budgets were supplemented with sensitivity analysis with regard to the extraction cost of water and opportunity cost of land used for recapture of water. Six of eight nurseries obtained water from recapturing and recycling at a lower cost compared to a feasible alternative source. The regrading of land for maximum recapture, opportunity cost of land dedicated to a recapture pond, and the cost of municipal water were parameters that were critical to the irrigation choice. Sensitivity analysis indicated that water price and land cost had little effect on the least cost option. Irrigation recycling could be incentivized to motivate further water conservation within the horticulture industry.Master of Science
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Grossman, Mara Celeste. "Controlling Growth in Echinacea Hybrids." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77578.
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New hybrid Echinacea cultivars, based on crosses of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench with several other Echinacea species, have generated interest and excitement in the marketplace due to novel flower colors and forms. However, these cultivars vary significantly in their growth habits and requirements from the species. We examined factors in the production of Echinacea hybrid cultivars to provide guidance to growers. Foliar sprays 600 mg·L⁻¹ benzyladenine (BA) increased numbers of branches between 19% and 83% in Echinacea cultivars while 400 mg·L⁻¹ dikegulac sodium or 500 mg·L⁻¹ ethephon did not improve branching. Of several height control PGRs applied to E. ‘Marmalade,’ only plants treated with two applications of 5000 mg·L⁻¹ daminozide were shorter (24%) compared to untreated controls although flowering was also reduced by 70%. Echinacea ‘Harvest Moon’ plants were shorter in response to all of the PGRs applied, with the best results seen in plants treated with foliar sprays of uniconazole (one application of 30 mg·L⁻¹ or two applications of 15 mg·L⁻¹ ), two applications of 5000 mg·L⁻¹ daminozide, or 4 mg·L⁻¹ paclobutrazol applied once as a drench. Supplying N at 150 mg·L -1 during the growing season provided Echinacea cultivars adequate nutrition and maximized numbers of branches and flowers and shoot dry weight. In overwintering, fertilization treatments that resulted in low substrate electrical conductivity going into dormancy, 5.0 kg·m controlled release fertilizer 15N-3.9P-10K or 150 mg·L⁻¹ N using 15N-2.2P-12.5K applied using constant liquid feed, resulted in the highest survival rates of Echinacea cultivars. As a monitoring tool, SPAD measurements were not successful in predicting tissue N levels in Echinacea hybrids. Twenty-one hybrid cultivars acquired as stage 3 tissue culture plantlets were grown under one of three photoperiods (10-hour, 16-hour, or 24-hour) for 10 weeks before being transplanted to larger containers and grown under natural daylength until flowering. Providing Echinacea hybrid cultivars with a 16-hour photoperiod during liner production resulted in plants which flowered soonest without negative effects on growth. The need for height control PGRs varied by cultivar; however, overall height control PGRs controlled flower stalk height and increased market rating.Ph. D.
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Carmichael, Travis Rex. "Landscape establishment and irrigation management of ornamental plants grown in eastern redcedar substrate." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15661.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Horticulture, Forestry, and Recreation Resources
Cheryl R. Boyer
Pine bark (PB) has been the principal component of nursery crop substrates in the United States for more than 60 years. Substrate material used for the purpose of growing ornamental plants in the Great Plains is generally shipped a great distance, primarily from the Southeastern U.S., due to a lack of pine plantations in this region. Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.; ERC), an aggressively weedy tree species, has been identified as a possible alternative to PB for nursery substrates. The objective of this thesis was to evaluate the establishment of Miscanthus sinensis N.J. ‘Little Kitten’ (dwarf maiden grass), Rosa (L.) ‘Radtkopink’ (Knockout® rose), Ilex glabra (L.) A. Gray ‘Compacta’ (holly), Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. ‘Emer II’ (Allee® lacebark elm), Sedum telphium L. ‘Autumn Joy’ (sedum), Hosta Tratt. ‘Sum and Substance’ (hosta), and Hemerocallis L. ‘Charles Johnston’ (daylily) in three substrate mixes. These substrate mixes consisted of 80% PB: 20% sand, 80% ERC: 20% sand, and 40% PB: 40% ERC: 20% sand. At the end of the production phase differences in growth were observed in maiden grass, holly, lacebark elm, and sedum. At the end of the landscape establishment phase, no differences in growth were observed in any species except holly and hosta. To attempt to overcome the sub-optimal physical properties of ERC (high air space and low container capacity), cyclic irrigation was used to evaluate growth of Sedum spectabile Boreau ‘Autumn Fire’ (sedum), Rudbeckia fulgida Aiton ‘Goldstrum’ (black-eyed susan), and Hibiscus moscheutos L. ‘Luna White’ (hibiscus) in the same 3 substrates. The objective of this study was to evaluate the affect of irrigation frequency (1x, 2x, 3x, or 6x per day) and substrate ERC content on plant growth. Sedum had the greatest growth index (GI) shoot dry weight in PB and when irrigated 1x and 2x per day had the greatest root dry weight regardless of substrate. Irrigation frequency had no significant difference for GI and shoot dry weight Black-eyed susan had the greatest GI and shoot dry weight when grown in PB. Irrigation frequency only had an impact on shoot dry weight of black-eyed susan; plants irrigated 1x, 2x, and 3x per day had the greatest growth. Hibiscus had greatest growth in PB: ERC mix. Irrigation frequency had no impact on growth of hibiscus. Cyclic irrigation does not overcome low water holding capacities in these three species. Overall, ERC can be used as a partial replacement to PB (up to 50%). However, further research evaluating effects of different fertility regimes on ERC substrate is warranted.
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Park, Seong-Hyun. "Randomized clinical trials evaluating therapeutic influences of ornamental indoor plants in hospital rooms on health outcomes of patients recovering from surgery." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/227.
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Cerdà, Alexandra Puértolas. "Detection and management of soil-borne pathogens in the nursery trade." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=235373.
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International trade in plants, especially with potting substrates, is recognised as the main pathway of plant pathogen dissemination on a global scale. In the last 20 years, the wide use of internet commerce has become common in the nursery sector and, due to the nature of online sales, may be aggravating this risk. Oomycetes in the genera Phytophthora, Pythium and Phytopythium, cause a range of important plant diseases, responsible for serious economic and biological losses. This research focused on the detection of Oomycetes in imported potted ornamental plants in the UK and The Netherlands, including internet sales and asymptomatic plants. Isolation techniques and molecular protocols were developed to quantify pathogen load in ornamental plants, using TaqMan PCR and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) to assess Oomycete diversity using a multi-locus approach. Survival of Phytophthora cinnamomi and Fusarium verticillioides was estimated in two commercial potting mixes used in ornamental plant production. Oomycetes were detected in all samples analysed with the NGS approach, with 38 Phytophthora spp. and 48 Pythium/Phytopythium spp. identified. Phytophthora ramorum, P. alni subsp. alni and P. cryptogea were common. TaqMan PCR quantification showed high numbers of Oomycetes in all samples, especially in substrates, followed by roots and baiting waters. During sampling by isolation, Pythium kashmirense was recovered from Viburnum plicatum, the first record of this species in the UK. The survival experiment showed that Fusarium verticillioides remained viable after 17 months, whereas Phytophthora cinnamomi was viable up to 7 months after inoculation. This work clearly demonstrated the widespread presence of Oomycete pathogens in the plants for planting pathway. Moreover, the protocols developed and findings of this work contribute greatly to the understanding of the potential for pathogens to spread in the international horticultural trade and may help to improve plant biosecurity protocols in the UK and Europe.
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Domenghini, Jacob Cody. "Water use and drought resistance of turfgrass and ornamental landscape plant species." Diss., Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13517.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Horticulture, Forestry, and Recreation Resources
Dale Bremer
Greg Davis
In 2005, turfgrass was estimated to cover approximately 20 million ha of urbanized land. That area is increasing with rapid urbanization, stressing the importance of water conservation in the lawn and landscape industry. Turfgrasses have been identified for replacement by presumably more water-efficient ornamental plant species to conserve water. However, research comparing drought resistance and evapotranspiration (ET) of turfgrasses with ornamental landscape plants is limited. Two studies were conducted to evaluate water use and performance under drought stress of several ornamental and turfgrass species. An online course was developed to educate students about critical water issues related to irrigation in urbanizing watersheds. In a field study, ET was measured using lysimeters and plant water status was evaluated under deficit irrigation (100%, 60%, and 20% ET) in Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm. ‘Sharps Improved’, and Ajuga reptans L. ‘Bronze Beauty’. Evapotranspiration was similar between A. reptans and F. arundinacea, and was 32 and 35% greater than ET of B. dactyloides. In a greenhouse study, the performance of one turfgrass (Poa pratensis L. ‘Apollo’) and eight landscape species (Achillea millifolium L., Ajuga reptans L. ‘Bronze Beauty’, Liriope muscari Decne., Pachysandra terminalis Siebold and Zucc., Sedum album L., Thymus serpyllum L., Vinca major L., and Vinca minor L.) was evaluated during a severe dry down and subsequent recovery. S. album, L. muscari, and P. terminalis performed the best, requiring 86 to 254 d to decline to a quality rating of one (1-9 scale: 1=dead/dormant, 9=best quality). The remaining species required 52 to 63 d. The only species to recover were P. pratensis [46% pot cover (PC) after 60 days], S. album (38% PC), and V. major (35% PC). A survey was developed to measure student learning as it relates to the level of sense and meaning present in the content of a new online course entitled “Water Issues in the Lawn and Landscape.” Survey results were compared with student learning as measured through a post-test. Post-test scores declined as the difference between sense and meaning increased (r =-0.82; P=0.03), indicating student learning is higher when both sense and meaning are present.
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Nordstedt, Nathan P. "Isolation and characterization of novel bacterial strains to alleviate abiotic stress in greenhouse ornamental crops." The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1617740819791342.
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Sammons, Jonathan D. "Use Of Near-Zero Leachate Irrigation Systems For Container Production Of Woody Ornamental Plants." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1228241327.
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Craver, Joshua Ken. "The effects of UVB radiation on intumescence development and the characterization of lesions from physiological disorders on ornamental sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and interspecific geranium (Pelargonium spp.)." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17552.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Horticulture, Forestry, and Recreation Resources
Chad T. Miller
Kimberly A. Williams
Intumescences are a physiological disorder characterized by hypertrophy and possibly hyperplasia of plant cells. Many plant species are susceptible to intumescence development, but the specific causative factors remain uncertain. Ultimately, this disorder results in the death of the affected cells. Previous observations and research suggest that the quality and quantity of light to which plants are exposed may be a factor in development of the disorder. The purpose of the first study was to assess the preventive effect of UVB radiation on intumescence development in ornamental sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). Two sweet potato cultivars, ‘Sidekick Black’ and ‘Ace of Spades,’ were grown under four light treatments of 1) Normal; 2) UVB; 3) UVB-Blocked; 4) Full-Spectrum. The ‘Ace of Spades’ cultivar was highly susceptible to intumescence development, while ‘Sidekick Black’ was much less susceptible to the disorder. For ‘Ace of Spades,’ the addition of UVB radiation significantly reduced the number of leaves affected with intumescences when compared to plants grown under the other light treatments. This study indicates a cultivar-specific effect of UVB light in minimizing intumescence development on ornamental sweet potato, therefore suggesting a potential genetic component in intumescence susceptibility. Many plant species are prone to similar physiological disorders in which lesions develop on the leaf tissue. Nomenclature for such lesions has varied significantly in the literature. Interchangeably using these terms causes confusion as to whether these names refer to the same or different disorders. The objective of the second study was to characterize the development of lesions on ornamental sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas ‘Blackie’), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum ‘Maxifort’) and interspecific geranium (Pelargonium בCaliente Coral’). Light microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and digital photography were used to observe lesion development on each species. Lesions on ornamental sweet potato predominately involved the hypertrophy of the palisade parenchyma through the upper epidermis, while geranium lesions involved the hypertrophy of spongy parenchyma cells restricted by the lower epidermis. Tomato lesions involved both the hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the lower epidermis and spongy parenchyma. Thus, different species possess varied cellular responses when developing lesions due to physiological causes.
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Narváez, Torres Lola. "Lixiviados en horticultura intensiva ornamental y su tratamiento mediante humedades artificales." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/101395.
Full textAbstract:
Nurseries growing potted ornamental plants carry an important activity in the overall agricultural production in Catalonia. As a result of the activity developed and agricultural practices adopted by nursery growers (irrigation and fertilization methods) will eventually generate leachates containing nutrients from fertilizers, especially nitrates (NO3-). The final destination of the nursery leachates is frequently it discharges into the surrounding medium. For this reason, certain plant-growing areas causes non-point source NO3- pollution of the groundwater. Many cultural practices have been adopted by nursery growers to limit this type of pollution.
The considerations described above highlight the need for studies evaluating the effect of agricultural practices on the leachates composition from outdoor crops and, if appropriate, propose an alternative to reduce NO3- in the same place of origin. Therefore, the objectives of the thesis are:
- to identify fertilization methods and other agricultural practices adopted by nurseries growing potted ornamental plants in Barcelona and Girona,
- to determine the effect of applying two fertilization methods on the leachates composition from two crops of potted ornamental plants, and
- to assess the appropriateness of using horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetlands (HSsH) for treating nursery leachates and optimize the denitrification process developed in them.
Some experiments were carried out to meet these objectives. In the first experiment a survey was designed and conducted to the nursery growers of Barcelona and Girona. As a result of this work common fertilization methods were identified and two successive experiments were raised and conducted to answer the second objective. These experiments consisted on using the two standard fertilization strategies of nurseries (fertigation or controlled released fertilizers-FLC-) for two outdoor potted crops (a woody ornamental plant and other herbaceous ornamental plant) and different doses. Once leachates were characterized in terms of the different forms of N, four experiments were designed to meet the third objective. These consisted on treating nursery leachates by HSsH, an effective alternative to conventional technology in treating water with a high NO3- content. A first-order plug-flow kinetic model based on NO3- removal was used to design a pilot plant with HSsH, in which experiments were conducted. These were different in the type of carbon source (sodium acetate -AcNa- or methanol -Me-) and dose added to promote influent denitrification. The results related to the first goal showed that fertilization methods and other agricultural practices related to irrigation and leachates management are very different depending on the type of common crop in each province. Thus, in Girona, where woody crops are most frequent, growers usually apply FLC and use overhead irrigation. However, in Barcelona, where herbaceous crops in season are performed, growers usually apply nutrient solutions (NS) by continuous fertigation and use drip or micro-sprinkler irrigation systems.The application of FLC to the crop resulted in the acidification of the leachates respect of the application of SN by fertigation.The coincidence of high growing media temperatures and prolonged heavy rain events during one of the two crops, indicated a greater initial loss of N by leaching to the environment when FLC are applied and, consequently, a decrease of FLC longevity.The results related to the third goal showed that the design of the pilot plant with HSsH was suitable for treating nursery leachates. The denitrification rate was greatest applying AcNa to achieve a C:N-NO3- ratio of 3:1. However, the application of this ratio and AcNa involves the addition of carbon and sodium in excess of purified effluent, respectively. The quality of the effluent and the denitrification process were enhanced when Me is applied to reach C:N-NO3- ratio of 1:1.5.El subsector productor de plantas ornamentales en contenedor al exterior constituye una actividad de remarcable importancia en el conjunto de la producción agrícola de Cataluña. Como resultado de la actividad desarrollada y de las prácticas agrícolas adoptadas (modos de riego y fertilización), eventualmente se generarán lixiviados caracterizados por un alto contenido en nutrientes procedentes de los fertilizantes, principalmente en nitratos (NO3-). Normalmente, el destino de estos lixiviados es su vertido al medio circundante. Por este motivo, las zonas productoras de ornamentales se consideran, entre otras, puntos de contaminación difusa del subsuelo por NO3-. Algunas técnicas para disminuir o evitar este tipo de contaminación, consisten en adoptar ciertas prácticas agrícolas o proceder a su tratamiento. Las consideraciones antes mencionadas ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de realizar estudios que evalúen el efecto de las prácticas agrícolas habituales en la composición de los lixiviados generados y, en el caso que proceda, proponer una alternativa para reducir la carga de NO3- en el mismo lugar de procedencia. Por tanto, los objetivos de esta Tesis son: - identificar los modos de fertilización y las prácticas agrícolas habituales en el subsector productor de plantas ornamentales en contenedor al exterior en Barcelona y Girona, - determinar el efecto de aplicar los modos de fertilización identificados en la composición de los lixiviados generados por dos cultivos de plantas ornamentales, y - evaluar la idoneidad de realizar un tratamiento de los lixiviados mediante humedales artificiales de flujo subsuperficial horizontal (HSsH) y optimizar el proceso de desnitrificación. Para responder estas cuestiones se realizaron diferentes estudios. En el primero se diseñó y realizó una encuesta a los principales productores de plantas ornamentales de Barcelona y Girona. Una vez identificados los modos de fertilización habituales, se diseñaron dos estudios para responder al segundo objetivo. Estos consistieron en aplicar a dos cultivos (uno de planta leñosa y otro de planta herbácea), fertirrigación o fertilizantes de liberación controlada (FLC) a diferentes dosis. Una vez caracterizadas las diferentes formas de N en los lixiviados de los dos cultivos descritos, se diseñaron cuatro estudios para responder al tercer objetivo. Consistieron en realizar un tratamiento de lixiviados mediante HSsH, un sistema biológico de depuración alternativo a la tecnología convencional para desnitrificar efluentes. Se diseñó y dimensionó una planta piloto según el modelo cinético de primer orden basado en la eliminación de NO3-, en la cual se realizaron cuatro experimentos diferentes en cuanto al tipo (acetato sódico, AcNa, o metanol, Me) y la dosis de la fuente carbonada añadida para promover la desnitrificación del influente. Los resultados mostraron que los modos de fertilización habituales están vinculados al tipo de cultivo realizado. Así, en Girona, donde son más frecuentes los cultivos de plantas leñosas, se aplican fertilizantes de liberación controlada (FLC), y en Barcelona, donde predominan los cultivos de plantas herbáceas de temporada, se aplican soluciones nutritivas mediante fertirrigación continua. La aplicación de diferentes cantidades de N mediante FLC provocó la acidificación de los lixiviados respecto a la aplicación de fertirrigación. El acontecimiento conjunto de precipitaciones elevadas y altas temperaturas en el sustrato durante la realización del cultivo con planta leñosa, provocó una mayor pérdida inicial de N por lixiviación del FLC, por lo que se redujo su longevidad. La tasa de desnitrificación en los HSsH fue máxima al aplicar AcNa en un ratio C:N-NO3- de 3:1. Sin embargo, la aplicación de este ratio y de AcNa supone la adición de carbono y de sodio en exceso al efluente depurado,respectivamente. La calidad del efluente y el proceso de desnitrificación mejoran al aplicar Me en un ratio C:N-NO3- de 1.5:1.
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Wartenberg, Stephan. "Programmierte Kultur von Pelargonien und Poinsettien." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-86080.
Full textAbstract:
Am Standort Dresden-Pillnitz wurde von 2009 bis 2011 an neuen Lösungen für eine programmierte Produktion von Pelargonien und Poinsettien geforscht. Ziel war eine verbesserte Nutzung der Steuerungstechnik in den Gewächshäusern für eine energiesparende, umweltfreundliche und sichere Produktion.
Mit speziellen Softwarebausteinen auf dem Bedienungs-PC der Gewächshäuser lassen sich 10 bis 20 Prozent Heizenergie und damit CO2-Emissionen einsparen.
Weitere Bausteine überwachen die reale Wärme- und Lichtentwicklung und nehmen automatische Anpassungen an die Jahreswitterung vor. Eine mengenbilanzierte Düngung sichert die bedarfsgerechte Nährstoffversorgung für die geplante Pflanzengröße.
Die neuen Lösungen verringern den Kontroll- und Bedienaufwand und erhöhen die Kultursicherheit. Für Pelargonien und Poinsettien werden spezielle Kombinationen von Programmbausteinen empfohlen.
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Dallmann, Margret. "Mengenkonzept Düngung Zierpflanzenbau." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-86097.
Full textAbstract:
An Zierpflanzen im Gewächshaus wurden mengenbilanzierte Düngungsverfahren getestet.
Die Düngegaben erfolgten in Wochenportionen per Hand, mit Dosiergeräten, per Düngecomputer oder als Depotdünger. In die Versuche wurden Pelargonien, Sommertopfkulturen im Gewächshaus, Poinsettien und Cyclamen einbezogen.
Wochenportionen können nur bei einheitlichen Anbausätzen je Bewässerungseinheit realisiert werden. Der Kostenaufwand bei Depotdünger beträgt das Dreifache gegenüber einer Bewässerungsdüngung. Allerdings sind die Düngeverluste geringer. Mit einer mengenbilanzierten Düngung lassen sich Über- und Unterversorgung der Pflanzen vermeiden.
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Jentzsch, Marion. "Freilandschnittstauden im Frühjahr." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-86115.
Full textAbstract:
Im Zeitraum von 2008 bis 2011 wurden jährlich über 140 Stauden sowie weitere 120 Staudenarten aus Zwiebeln und Knollen als Schnittblume aus dem Freiland getestet. Ergebnis ist ein 77 Arten umfassendes Sortiment von Stauden mit guten Anbaueigenschaften und Stielqualitäten, die für den zeitigen Absatz bis Ende Juni empfohlen werden. Das Empfehlungssortiment an Schnittstauden aus Zwiebeln und Knollen umfasst 73 Kulturen. Die vorgestellten »Pillnitzer Wochensträuße« verdeutlichen die vielfältigen Möglichkeiten, ab Mitte April ohne Verfrühungsmaßnahmen Schnittblumen von Stauden im Freiland zu erzeugen. Beispielrechnungen zeigen, dass sich mit Schnittstauden im Freilandanbau gute Erlöse erzielen lassen. Investitionen und Energiekosten fallen nicht an bzw. sind gering.
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Beckmann-Cavalcante, Márkilla Zunete [UNESP]. "Características de substratos e concentrações de soluções nutritivas para o cultivo do crisântemo em vaso." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105224.
Full textAbstract:
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Dentre as flores e plantas ornamentais, o crisântemo (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzevelev.) faz parte do elenco básico das floriculturas, porém, estudos referentes ao manejo da cultura ainda são necessários. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar no Brasil: i) o efeito de diferentes soluções nutritivas; e, ii) diferentes condutividades elétricas da solução nutritva e lixiviação de sais sobre o desenvolvimento e estado nutricional do crisântemo cv. Miramar cultivado em vaso; e na Alemanha: iii) caracterizar diferentes turfas e verificar a influência no crescimento e desenvolvimento do crisântemo cv. Sun City cultivado em vaso. No primeiro estudo, as diferentes soluções nutritivas não interferiram no diâmetro da haste, número e diâmetro de inflorescências e, massa seca de raízes, porém as soluções S3 e S4 promoveram a maior altura de plantas, área foliar, número de folhas, massa seca da parte aérea e total. No segundo estudo, o aumento da condutividade elétrica da solução nutritiva inibiu o desempenho vegetativo, o acúmulo de micronutrientes e de nitrogênio na massa seca foliar do crisântemo, porém estimulou o diâmetro da haste e os teores de P, K, Ca, Mg e S. A lixiviação dos sais promoveu maior crescimento das variáveis fitotécnicas e maior acúmulo foliar de micronutrientes nas plantas. No terceiro estudo, o conteúdo de sais solúveis (SS), N, P, K, densidade seca e capacidade de retenção de água incrementaram durante o cultivo, enquanto o espaço de aeração diminuiu em todas as turfas. O crescimento das plantas de crisântemo foi superior quando cultivadas na turfa SP-9 e com qualidade inferior em FBP-5. Os métodos VDLUFA e CEN apresentaram correlações significativas, embora os valores de pH, SS e concentrações de macro e micronutrientes das turfas não se encontraram dentro das faixas sugeridas como ideais.
Among the flowers and ornamental plants, chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzevelev.) participate as basic flower in floricultures, but studies in relation to cultivation are necessary. In this way, the present work had as objective to study in Brazil: i) the effect of different nutritive solutions and, ii) electrical conductivity of nutritive solution and salt lixiviation on development and nutritional status of potted chrysanthemum “Miramar”; and in Germany: iii) to characterize peats and verify the influence of different peats on growth and development of potted chrysanthemum “Sun City”. In the first study, the different nutritive solutions did not interfere the stem diameter, number and diameter of inflorescence and root dry matter, although S3 and S4 solution promoted the highest plant high, leaf area, number of leaves, shoot and total dry matter. The second study show that an increase in electrical conductivity of nutritive solution inhibits de vegetative growth, micronutrient accumulation and nitrogen in leaf dry matter of chrysanthemum, but stimulate the stem diameter and P, K, Ca, Mg and S content. The lixiviation of salts stimulates plant growth and micronutrient accumulation in leaves. In the third study, the content of soluble salts, N, P, K, dry bulk density and water capacity increased during cultivation, but air capacity declined in all peats. Growth of chrysanthemum plants was higher in SP-9 whereas cultivation in FBP-5 led to the smallest plants. The CAT extracts in both VDLUFA and CEN methods presented significant correlations whereas values of pH, content of soluble salts, macronutrients and micronutrient of peats were not between the ideal limits suggested.
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Olsen, Richard Thomas. "Utilizing Polyploidy for Developing Improved Nursery Crops: Restoring Fertility in Wide Hybrids, Limiting Fertility of Invasive Species, Embryo Culture of Triploids, Pest Resistance, and Inheritance of Ornamental Traits." NCSU, 2006. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04052006-131144/.
Full textAbstract:
Multiple projects were conducted to investigate the potential for developing a breeding program utilizing species of Catalpa Scop. and Chilopsis D. Don. The efficacy of oryzalin was evaluated for inducing polyploidy and restoring fertility in the sterile, intergeneric hybrid ×Chitalpa tashkentensis Elias & Wisura [Catalpa bignonioidesWalt. x Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet] 'Pink Dawn'. Submerging meristems in 150 µM oryzalin for up to 24 hours was effective at inducing tetraploids and cytochimeras. Pollen from the diploid cultivar was non-viable, but pollen from the polyploid stained and germinated as well as pollen from progenitor taxa. Polyploid ×Chitalpa were self-compatible yielding tetraploids when self pollinated and triploids when crossed with C. bignonioides, but reciprocal crosses with Chilopsis taxa failed. To increase recovery of triploids, we investigated germination of ovules and embryos at various harvest dates on Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) basal salts supplemented with various medium components. Germination of triploid [(polyploid ×Chitalpa) x C. bignonioides] and tetraploid (selfed polyploid ×Chitalpa) embryos was greatest at 7 weeks after pollination on SH with 20 g·L-1 sucrose and ≥ 1 µM gibberellic acid (GA3). Triploids [Chilopsis linearis x (polyploid ×Chitalpa)] germinated < 5%. Additional studies were conducted to screen diverse taxa for resistance to powdery mildew (PM), Erysiphe elevata (Burr.) U. Braun & S. Takam, and catalpa sphinx larvae (CSL), Ceratomia catalpae (Boisduval). Twenty-four taxa from Catalpa (section Catalpa Paclt and Macrocatalpa Grisebach), Chilopsis, and ×Chitalpa were screened in 2004-05 for susceptibility to PM. Disease incidence and severity were recorded to calculate area under the disease progress curves (AUDPC) for each year. North American Catalpa spp. in sect. Catalpa, Chilopsis, and ×Chitalpa taxa were all moderate to highly susceptible to PM. Chinese Catalpa spp. in sect. Catalpa and West Indian sect. Macrocatalpa were resistant to PM. Hybrids among North American and Chinese Catalpa spp. in sect. Catalpa varied in susceptibility, indicating inheritance of partial resistance to PM. A no-choice feeding study conducted with CSL in 2005 found no differences in survival or growth of larvae reared on taxa from both sections of Catalpa, Chilopsis, and ×Chitalpa. Future breeding of ×Chitalpa can utilize the identified sources of resistance for PM; however, a source of resistance to CSL was not found. Triploids are generally infertile and may be deployed by breeders to limit invasive potential of introduced ornamentals. However, inheritance of ornamental traits can be complex at higher ploidy levels. Inheritance of two mutant foliage types, variegated and purple, was investigated for diploid, triploid and tetraploid tutsan (Hypericum androsaemum L.). Fertility of progeny was evaluated with pollen viability tests, percent fruit set, and germinative capacity of seed from specific crosses. Segregation ratios were determined for diploids in reciprocal di-hybrid F1, F2, BC1P1, and BC1P2 families and selfed F2s with the parental phenotypes and triploid and tetraploid F2s. Diploid di-hybrid crosses fit the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio for a single, simple recessive gene for both traits, with no evidence of linkage. A novel phenotype representing a combination of parental phenotypes was recovered. Data from backcrosses and selfing also supported the recessive model. Both traits behaved as expected at the triploid level; however, at the tetraploid level the number of variegated progeny increased, with segregation ratios between random chromosome and random chromatid assortment models. We propose the gene symbol var (variegated) and pl (purple leaf) for the variegated and purple alleles, respectively. Triploid pollen stained moderately well, but pollen germination was low. Triploid plants demonstrated extremely low male fertility and no measurable female fertility (no viable seed production). Research presented herein demonstrates the feasibility of manipulating ploidy levels for breeding desirable ornamental traits including non-invasiveness.
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Beckmann-Cavalcante, Márkilla Zunete. "Características de substratos e concentrações de soluções nutritivas para o cultivo do crisântemo em vaso /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105224.
Full textAbstract:
Resumo: Dentre as flores e plantas ornamentais, o crisântemo (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzevelev.) faz parte do elenco básico das floriculturas, porém, estudos referentes ao manejo da cultura ainda são necessários. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar no Brasil: i) o efeito de diferentes soluções nutritivas; e, ii) diferentes condutividades elétricas da solução nutritva e lixiviação de sais sobre o desenvolvimento e estado nutricional do crisântemo cv. Miramar cultivado em vaso; e na Alemanha: iii) caracterizar diferentes turfas e verificar a influência no crescimento e desenvolvimento do crisântemo cv. Sun City cultivado em vaso. No primeiro estudo, as diferentes soluções nutritivas não interferiram no diâmetro da haste, número e diâmetro de inflorescências e, massa seca de raízes, porém as soluções S3 e S4 promoveram a maior altura de plantas, área foliar, número de folhas, massa seca da parte aérea e total. No segundo estudo, o aumento da condutividade elétrica da solução nutritiva inibiu o desempenho vegetativo, o acúmulo de micronutrientes e de nitrogênio na massa seca foliar do crisântemo, porém estimulou o diâmetro da haste e os teores de P, K, Ca, Mg e S. A lixiviação dos sais promoveu maior crescimento das variáveis fitotécnicas e maior acúmulo foliar de micronutrientes nas plantas. No terceiro estudo, o conteúdo de sais solúveis (SS), N, P, K, densidade seca e capacidade de retenção de água incrementaram durante o cultivo, enquanto o espaço de aeração diminuiu em todas as turfas. O crescimento das plantas de crisântemo foi superior quando cultivadas na turfa SP-9 e com qualidade inferior em FBP-5. Os métodos VDLUFA e CEN apresentaram correlações significativas, embora os valores de pH, SS e concentrações de macro e micronutrientes das turfas não se encontraram dentro das faixas sugeridas como ideais.Abstract: Among the flowers and ornamental plants, chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzevelev.) participate as basic flower in floricultures, but studies in relation to cultivation are necessary. In this way, the present work had as objective to study in Brazil: i) the effect of different nutritive solutions and, ii) electrical conductivity of nutritive solution and salt lixiviation on development and nutritional status of potted chrysanthemum "Miramar"; and in Germany: iii) to characterize peats and verify the influence of different peats on growth and development of potted chrysanthemum "Sun City". In the first study, the different nutritive solutions did not interfere the stem diameter, number and diameter of inflorescence and root dry matter, although S3 and S4 solution promoted the highest plant high, leaf area, number of leaves, shoot and total dry matter. The second study show that an increase in electrical conductivity of nutritive solution inhibits de vegetative growth, micronutrient accumulation and nitrogen in leaf dry matter of chrysanthemum, but stimulate the stem diameter and P, K, Ca, Mg and S content. The lixiviation of salts stimulates plant growth and micronutrient accumulation in leaves. In the third study, the content of soluble salts, N, P, K, dry bulk density and water capacity increased during cultivation, but air capacity declined in all peats. Growth of chrysanthemum plants was higher in SP-9 whereas cultivation in FBP-5 led to the smallest plants. The CAT extracts in both VDLUFA and CEN methods presented significant correlations whereas values of pH, content of soluble salts, macronutrients and micronutrient of peats were not between the ideal limits suggested.
Orientador: Kathia Fernandes Lopes Pivetta
Coorientador: Paulo Affonso Bellingieri
Coorientador: Lourival Ferreira Cavalcante
Banca: José Geraldo Barbosa
Banca: Carolina Fernandes
Banca: Roberto Lyra Villas Boas
Banca: Jairo Augusto Campos de Araújo
Doutor
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Johnson, Matthew Brian 1958. "Horticultural characteristics of seven Sonoran Desert woody legumes which show potential for southwestern landscaping." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276905.
Full textAbstract:
Many plants are not commercially produced due to a lack of accessible information on their horticultural requirements and landscape potential. Members of the Legume Family (Leguminosae) are often conspicuous components of the vegetation of arid and semi-arid subtropical regions. Many of these plants are suitable for landscaping use in areas suited to their cultivation. Coursetia glandulosa, Erythrina flabelliformis, Eysenhardtia orthocarpa, Haematoxylon brasiletto, Lysiloma watsonii, Pithecellobium mexicanum, and Sophora arizonica are woody legumes native to the Sonoran Desert region which offer a variety of form, texture, color and function. All of these plants grow readily from scarified seed. E. flabelliformis and E. orthocarpa are easy to propagate from stem cuttings. Some irrigation is necessary for establishment and reasonable growth in the landscape. Maintenance and pests are minimal. Freezing temperatures are the primary limiting factor to several of the plants. S. arizonica is slow growing and is prone to rot in the nursery.
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South, Kaylee. "Improving abiotic and biotic stress tolerance in floriculture crops." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1595499762154056.
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Fajinmi, Olufunke Omowumi. "Propagation of Coleonema album (Thunb.) Bartl. & J. C. Wendl. : a horticultural and medicinal plant." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9907.
Full textAbstract:
Coleonema album is a South African green treasure, endemic to the Cape region and hard to find in other parts of the country. It is ranked among the most highly utilized medicinal plants at present. The plant extracts exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities due to its bioactive compounds. Immunat, a tincture from this plant is marketed commercially. Medicinal plant gatherers are on the lookout for this plant due to its high demand and market price. Several natural product companies in South Africa are now exporting Coleonema album oil. Its showy beautiful white flowers make it a valuable ornamental plant. There is no accredited germination protocol available for this medicinal and ornamental plant till date.
In this study, the chemical and environmental conditions required for optimum seed germination and seedling growth were studied. The effect of light, temperature shifts, cold and warm stratifications, smoke-water, butenolide, pH levels, plant growth regulators (kinetin, 6-benzyladenine, indole acetic acid and α-Naphthalene acetic acid), salt solutions (sodium chloride and ammonium nitrate) on seed germination were investigated. Seeds showed favourable response of germination at low temperatures (10 and 15 ºC). Seeds exposed to continuous darkness at low temperatures showed highest germination at 15 ºC. Temperature shift (from 20 ºC to 15 ºC) favoured seed germination. pH 6 is the most conducive pH level for Coleonema album seed germination (52.5%). Sodium chloride and ammonium nitrate solutions (pretreatment for 2 weeks) significantly improved germination at a 10-2 M concentration with 62.5 and 75% germination respectively. Coleonema album seeds exhibit a temperature-dependent physiological dormancy. Seed germination of this plant is quite erratic as seed germination started 21 days after incubation and lasted for over 90 days. Germination rate of the seeds is too slow to meet the local and international demand for this plant.
Plant tissue culture techniques have been used as an alternative for mass cultivation of plants that are difficult to propagate from seeds. Therefore, an effective micropropagation protocol was developed as a measure to conserve this highly utilized medicinal plant. The effects of the cytokinins: BA, kinetin, TDZ and topolins on in vitro shoot formation of Coleonema album were investigated. Of all the cytokinins tested, 5 μM mT gave the highest number of shoots (14.50) per explant. Combination of 5 μM mT with various concentrations of IBA and NAA significantly increased shoot production. Shoots cultured on IBA supplemented medium produced roots. Root production from NAA cultures is unfavourable as most of the shoots developed callus at the base of the stem.
The result of this study has shown that mT has potential as a highly active alternative to BA and other cytokinins for Coleonema album in vitro shoot production. Over 1,000,000 plantlets could be produced annually using the in vitro propagation protocol developed in this study. The results of this study will be useful as a guide for mass cultivation of this ornamental and medicinal plant. It will also provide an opportunity for propagation of Coleonema album in other parts of the country. By virtue of this, the pressure on the wild population of this species could be greatly reduced.Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.