Academic literature on the topic 'Ornithocomplex'

The article gives a classification of biotopes and analyzes the features of the biotopic distribution of nesting birds of the Karadag nature reserve (2874.2 hectares), located in the extreme east of the Main ridge of the Crimean Mountains and including the Karadag mountain group (2065.1 hectares) with the adjacent Black Sea water area (809.1 hectares). On the basis of previously developed schemes and taking into account our own research, the following main types of habitats were identified: 1) natural tree and shrub vegetation; 2) open grassy biotopes; 3) rocky landforms; 4) seashore (except for rocky forms); 5) anthropogenic biotopes. Seventy-nine bird species were recorded nesting in the reserve. Ornithocomplex of natural wood and shrub communities includes 52 species, including 40 in oak open woodlands, 21 in juniper open woodlands and 32 in forests. The ornithocomplex of rocks (13 species: 9 on seaside rocks and 10 on off-shore cliffs) is characterized by high specificity as 9 species nest exclusively in these biotopes. The ornithocomplex of open herbaceous habitats is depleted and sparsely specific (10 species, most of which are common with sparse woodlands). The species composition of nesting birds of the sea coast (ground cliffs in bays, beaches with coarse material) is extremely poor (2 species). Thus, the basis of the nesting avifauna of the reserve is formed by the species of tree-shrub and rocky biotopes (in total, 82,3 % of the species composition). These ornithocomplexes include 67–89 % of the species composition of the corresponding habitats in the eastern part of the Mountainous Crimea. On the other hand, the small area, peripheral location and isolation of the Karadag mountain group resulted in the absence of a number of rare species in these biotopes and the low abundance of some species common and numerous in other regions of Eastern Crimea. At least 37 species (46,8 % of nesting avifauna) use anthropogenic biotopes – forest plantations (21 species), park (18), buildings (11), freshwater reservoirs (2). Ten species listed in the Red Data Books of the Russian Federation (7) and Crimea (9) nest in the reserve. Most of them (7 species) inhabit rock and rock-coastal biotopes, including 4 species nesting on coastal cliffs of the Beregovaya ridge. The role of the reserve is significant for preservation of Phalacrocorax aristotelis (about 10 % of the Crimean population) and Falco peregrinus (about 7 %).

The studies were conducted in 1996-2016 yy. in various types of water reservoirs in the southern, regions of Ukraine. The features of the formation, structure and dynamics of bird communities of, reeds, birds consorted connections with reeds <em>Phragmites australis </em>(Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Are studied. Reeds are dominant among the hard surface vegetation on all the freshwater ponds in the region. The reeds consortium is formed quickly. The center of edificatory species is cane, which is formed around 4-5 concenters levels allocated, depending on the extent of other species, from the central nucleus of the form and its associated range of environmental constraints: trophic, topical, fabric, phoretic, exogenous and endogenous. Consorted connections of cane with birds are of the highest intensity in the summer. In autumn, winter and early spring reeds without leaves are sparse and less attractive to birds. The most noticeable and significant are topical connections (in the breeding season &ndash; 42 species of birds, during the spring migration &ndash; 18, during the autumn migration &ndash; 28, in winter &ndash; 22 species). Trophic, fabric and foretic connections are less pronounced. The obligate consorts (level 1) include12 species of birds, the optional ones (2nd level) &ndash; 30 species. The third concenter involves specialized species of birds of prey (<em>Circus aeruginosus</em> Linnaeus, 1758; <em>Circus pygargus</em>, Linnaeus, 1758; <em>Circus cyaneus </em>Linnaeus, 1766; <em>Falco</em> <em>peregrinus </em>Tunstall, 1771; <em>Buteo lagopus </em>Pontoppidan, 1763; <em>Accipiter nisus </em>Linnaeus, 1758; <em>Falco subbuteo </em>Linnaeus, 1758; <em>Asio flammeus </em>Pontoppidan, 1763) that prey on large and small birds, rodents, large insects. Dense reeds are readily used for shelter from predators and to form mass night-stays for many birds (50 species). In summer, the flooded reedbeds were registered to have 82 species of birds, whereas the dry ones had only 4 species. In winter, reeds were noted to house 22 species of birds (topical and fabric connections, to a lesser extent - trophic). Fully formed ornithocomplexes were characterized by stability of topical and trophic relations, participation in new types of relationships among bio-geo-cenoses attracting birds and animals of the neighboring ecotones and ecosystems, but their participation is negligible. Seasonal dynamics of the species structure, the ratio of forward and backward linkages were pronounced. Birds are also actively involved in mero-consortiums of cane, extracting invertebrates from the generative organs and stems. Consortia of birds and constant updating of the annual natural cane, optimal hydro-regime of the reservoir provided the resistance; the biocenoses are constantly threatened by continuous mowing, burning in springtime, over-grazing in coastal areas, as well as by water drainage, and water pollution with heavy metals, toxic chemicals and pesticides.

The bays of the northern coast of the Heraclean Peninsula including the Kruglaya Bay are characterized by the abundance and diversity of the winter hydrophilic ornithocomplex, which is one of the largest in Crimea. To date, the bird list of the Kruglaya Bay includes 75 species. Its coast and water areas are suitable for the wintering of hydrophilic birds, of which 8 species winter annually and 20 - periodically. The total number of birds was 0.99-1.38 thousand individuals during the main wintering period (December-January) in different years, with a significant dominance (55-72%) of the coot and black-headed gull. The protected species include 13 bird species listed in the Red Data Books (RDB) of various ranks, of which 10 species are represented in the RDB of the Russian Federation, 4 in the RDB of Sevastopol and 4 in the IUCN List of Threatened Species. In addition to the diverse and numerous hydrophilic ornithocomplex, a significant species richness of aquatic organisms and a variety of benthic biotopes were observed in the Bay. The ichthyofauna is represented by 60 species (2 of them are protected), the macrophyte flora includes 41 species (4 protected), the macrozoobenthos - 124 species (7 protected), and 43 species of the epiphyton are registered. 90 vascular plant species have been identified in the coastal zone, of which 12 species are protected. Large regular and seasonal accumulations of hydrophilic birds, a high degree of biota diversity, the presence of many protected species and diverse biotopes testify to the nature conservation value of the Bay. They are the basis to establish an ornithological reserve in its water area with a protection regime in winter, as one of the largest avifauna reserves in Southern Crimea.

In the period from 2015 to 2023, the distribution and abundance of 26 protected bird species (including 18 nesting&nbsp;species) listed in the Red Books of Crimea, Sevastopol and the Russian Federation were clarified in Crimea. Two types of&nbsp;stations are important for the existence of a rare part of the nesting ornithocomplex: rocks (Phalacrocorax aristotelis, Falco&nbsp;peregrinus, Falco cherrug, Gyps fulvus, Columba livia, Coracias garrulus, Pastor roseus) and inland water bodies (Anser&nbsp;anser, Tadorna ferruginea, Charadrius alexandrinus, Himantopus himantopus, Recurvirostra avosetta, Sterna albifrons,&nbsp;Alcedo atthis). At least 14 species &nbsp;use aquatic biotopes during wintering, migrations and summer nomads (relatively large&nbsp;seasonal aggregations are formed by Anser anser, Tadorna ferruginea, Oxyura leucocephala, Himantopus himantopus,&nbsp;Recurvirostra avosetta), and, moreover, two species &ndash; Gavia arctica and Phalacrocorax aristotelis &ndash; nest &nbsp;off the sea coast).&nbsp;Three species (Anthropoides virgo, Burhinus oedicnemus, Granativora melanocephala) are registered in open biotopes,&nbsp;one species (Tyto alba) uses anthropogenic habitats. The Opuk (Phalacrocorax aristotelis, Falco cherrug, Charadrius&nbsp;alexandrinus, &nbsp;Himantopus &nbsp;himantopus, &nbsp;Recurvirostra &nbsp;avosetta, &nbsp;Columba &nbsp;livia, &nbsp;Pastor &nbsp;roseus, &nbsp;Granativora&nbsp;melanocephala) &nbsp;and &nbsp;Karadag &nbsp;Karadagsky &nbsp;(Phalacrocorax &nbsp;aristotelis, &nbsp;Falco &nbsp;cherrug, &nbsp;Falco &nbsp;peregrinus, &nbsp;Gyps &nbsp;fulvus,&nbsp;Columba livia) nature reserves continue to play a role as breeding grounds for protected bird species. Based on the obtained&nbsp;data, two locations important for the preservation of the rare ornithocomplex were identified: 1) Lake Kuchuk-Adzhigol&nbsp;(19 protected species, nesting Anser anser, Himantopus himantopus, Charadrius alexandrinus, Sterna albifrons); 2) the&nbsp;rocky ridge of Sarak-Kaya (Tadorna ferruginea, Falco cherrug, Falco peregrinus, Buteo rufinus and Coracias garrulus&nbsp;were recorded there during the nesting season).&nbsp;

This paper analyzes the data of bird counts conducted in 1998–2021 in the province High-Mountainous Dagestan. For the first time, information was obtained on the modern average abundance of birds, their conservation status, residence status, species and faunistic composition. Of the 117 bird species recorded in the High-Mountain province of Dagestan, European, widespread, Mediterranean and Tibetan representatives of faunal complexes dominate in its humid northwestern and central parts, which is due to the prevalence of forests and shrubby subalpine meadows with large-scale rocky outcrops. In the southeastern, more aridized and treeless part of the highlands, where subalpine and alpine meadows with local rock inclusions dominate, representatives of the widespread, Mediterranean and Mongolian types of fauna are already taking the leading positions. Studies have shown that in mountains with a blurred altitudinal-belt gradient associated with the inversion of vegetation belts, the avifauna is subdivided not according to altitudinal differences, but according to habitats with corresponding ecological bird communities. Using the original ecological classification, the ecological structure of the avifauna of the study area was determined, including 11 ornithocomplexes differentiated according to the same type of habitats with an indication of their total abundance. Each habitat with the corresponding ornithocomplex was characterized according to ecological specifics, indicating with the indication of the first 5 species leading in terms of abundance. It has been established, that the specific appearance of the avifauna of the High-Mountinous Dagestan is given not only by the resident communities of typically mountain birds, but also by the adapted populations of migratory birds of the plains nesting in the highlands. The empirical data obtained make it possible to use them for spatial indication of bird communities for research purposes, for monitoring the state of the avifauna and its protection, as well as for organizing the rational use of hunting and commercial resources.

Modern forest belts are a large, complex and important part of the biosphere. The unique biocenoses in which specific ornithocomplexes are formed which include birds of different ecological groups are and feed on synanthropic species, birds of the forest, birds of the fields. The aim of the research is to study the features of the formation of ornithocomplexes of different (maple-ash purge forest belts, mixed dense forest belts, acacia purge forest belts, maple-lime openwork forest belts) protective forest belts within the Kharkiv region. In the course of the research we have registered 44 species of birds belonging to 8 rows Falconiformes, Galliformes, Columbiformes, Cuculiformes, Upupiformes, Piciformes, Passeriformes, Ciconiiformes. The formation of ornithocomplexes of protective forest belts depends on various factors. Outstanding is the phytocoenotic composition of forest belts and age structure of plantations. Settling of birds in shelterbelts afforestation occurs gradually, with the growth of trees and change conditions of the biocenosis. The avifauna of maple-ash-tree scavenging forest belts is represented by 39 species of birds. Dominant and subdominant are: ficedula albicollis Temm., Fringilla coelebs L. In mixed shelterbelts purge nest 38 species of birds, is during foraging 2 types. Mixed dense forest belts inhabit 44 species of birds, biodiversity is associated with the floristic composition of the forest belt with significant density and well-formed undergrowth compared to other forest belts. Avifauna gorobinci purge belts are 26 species of birds. Ornithocomplex maple-lime fishnet shelterbelts are 41 species of birds. Analyzing the features of the formation of avifauna of forest belts, it can be argued that these biotopes are inhabited by birds of different ecological groups, biotopes, synanthropic species, birds of the forest, birds of the fields, are able to form unique biotopes. Therefore, field-protective forest plantations combined complex ecosystems. Analyzing the index of similarity of biodiversity of different types of forest belts, it can be argued that the most similar in species composition of birds are mixed dense forest belts and maple-lime openwork forest belts (jacquard Index – 93.1 and Serensen index 96.4) and maple-ash scavenging forest belts with mixed scavenging forest belts (jacquard Index-92.6 and Serensen index 96.2). Determined the relative numbers of registered types for zaplanovano classification V. P. Balka (2009): the most numerous Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs L.), Zelenyak (Chloris chloris L.), goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis L.), Linnet (Acanthis cannabina L.), song thrush (Turdus philomelos Brehm.), sorokopud of thorns (Lanius collurio L.), Nightingale (Luscinia luscinia L), magpie (Pica pica L.), grey crow (Corvus cornix L.). Rare species are common berestyanka(Hippolais icterina L.), common Buzzard (Buteo buteo L.), common urticaria (Sylvia nisoria L.). The nature protection status of certain bird species is analyzed. 1 species listed in the Red book of Ukraine, 2 species In the red list of Kharkiv region. 2 types to the Washington Convention. Berne Convention Annex II (BC2) – 23 species, Berne Convention Annex III (BC3) – 13 species of birds, Bonn Convention Annex II (Bu2) – 10 species, Bonn Convention Annex I (BO1) – 2 species and 6 species of birds have no conservation status.

Abstract The bird population was monitored during ten years in the Kerzhensky Nature Reserve damaged by severe wildfires in 2010. In the burned territory 126 bird species (120 species in the breeding season) were noted, for which weighted averages of bird abundance were calculated. It was noted that the number of species was increasing gradually in the breeding season. The birds of forest edges and of dry valleys appeared already during the second post-fire year, but their abundance increased only in the third-fourth year. The bird population abundance has increased almost 2 times in the breeding season over ten years, while it has not increased significantly in the post-breeding season. The total biomass and the transformed energy, on the contrary, decreased especially in the post-breeding season. During the first six years Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus, 1758 was the absolute leader at the abundance, and its co-dominant was Anthus trivialis (Linnaeus, 1758), and in last two years Phylloscopus trochilus (Linnaeus, 1758) was the leader. The share of the leaders in the breeding season gradually decreased, and the species diversity and the alignment grew. The birds fed in the breeding season mostly on the soil surface. The share of shrubby species increased by two times a couple of years after the wildfires, and the share of crowns birds increased after another four years. The similarity of the ornithocomplex of the burnt territory in the first and last two years of the research amounted to only 0.63 units (the Sorensen-Chekanovsky index).

Abstract This paper contains the analyzed results of field observations of the spring migration of birds on the territory of the Botiieve wind farm in 2013-2021. The work was carried out as part of the planned monitoring of the ornithological situation in the area of the Botiieve wind farm (Pryazovskyi district, Zaporizhzhia region) and also covered the Tubal Estuary formed by the confluence of the Velyka and Mala Domuzla and Akchokrak Rivers and in the mouth of the Korsak River. During each trip, up to 70% of the wind farm area was covered. There were given characteristics of the taxonomic composition of the ornithocomplex, flight phenology, height and direction of migration by seasons and months. In the spring period of 2013-2021, 156,910 individuals of 125 species were recorded in the project area. 52,575 individuals of 92 species of these birds (33.5%) were observed directly within the Botiieve wind farm and buffer zones and there were recorded 104,335 individuals of 99 species (66.5%) at the adjacent wetlands - the Botiieve Ponds and the Tubal Estuary. New methods for collecting, storing and processing information, including mapping, server storage and data processing using two web applications, have been proposed. In order to describe in detail the migration processes in the local area, methods of vector mathematics, as well as computer vision algorithms, were used. The result of the analysis was a gradient map of seasonal bird migration concentration, which allows a differentiated approach to assessing the threats to birds from operating wind turbines. The impact of the Botiieve wind farm on birds during the period of seasonal migrations is estimated to be low.

Based on extensive information on the numbers and distribution of birds obtained during route surveys over the past 60 years, a classification of the bird communities of Central Siberia is considered at the level of its types. The specificity of this classification is determined by the predominance of latitudinal-zonal types over non-zonal ones. The main directions of territorial changes in the bird communities are determined by afforestation and watering, combined with latitudinal zonation. Less significant differences in ornithocomplexes are associated with the altitudinal zone and built-up area concerned. The main natural and anthropogenic factors and the hierarchy of their importance for the spatial differentiation of the bird populations have been established. The regional specificity of the spatial organization of the bird communities in Central Siberia in comparison with the Eastern European and West Siberian plains is reduced to the manifestation of high-altitude zonation due to differences in mountain-tundra ornithocomplexes, a greater differentiation of forest ornithocomplexes and less represented non-zonal population types.

Waterfowl are a very common ecological bird group including up to 30% of the&#x0D; species composition, and sometimes up to 40% of the total number of all birds in the&#x0D; ornithocomplex. Thirty five to forty waterfowl species are found in the Kursk Region&#x0D; taking into account birds of passage. The most numerous are mallards, European&#x0D; teals, wigeons, northern shovelers, pintails, golden-eyes, and common pochards.&#x0D; The biological diversity of endoparasites can have various effects on the vital activity&#x0D; of waterfowl. For some species, helminthiasis leads to inhibition of vital processes,&#x0D; and for others, infection can lead to death. The results of helminthological studies of&#x0D; waterfowl identified 6 nematode species, 10 trematode species and 3 cestode species.&#x0D; Among the ectoparasites found in wild and domestic birds, the leading species in&#x0D; terms of diversity and wideness of distribution were biting lice, 6 species; gamasid&#x0D; mites, 2 species; and fleas, 1 species. The occurrence and spread of various helminth&#x0D; infections among waterfowl are influenced by such factors as the type of terrain, the&#x0D; presence or absence of a reservoir, the host biology and the nature of its nutrition.&#x0D; The flights and seasonal migrations of wild birds lead to the emergence of new foci&#x0D; of parasitic diseases in domestic and wild waterfowl.

Based on many years of research, the abundance and distribution of birds of the Ishimo-Baraba forest-steppe of Western Siberia from meadow-swamp to urbanized habitats is analyzed. The species leading in abundance, as well as trends in territorial changes in the total characteristics of ornithocomplexes, were determined.