Relevant bibliographies by topics / Oropharyngeal airway

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Oropharyngeal airway'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Oropharyngeal airway"

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Chen, Ying-Sheng, Szu-Ting Chou, Jung-Hsuan Cheng, Shis-Chieh Chen, Chin-Yun Pan, and Yu-Chuan Tseng. "Importance in the Occurrence Distribution of Minimum Oropharyngeal Cross-Sectional Area in the Different Skeletal Patterns Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography." BioMed Research International 2021 (May 5, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5585629.

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Purpose. Obstructive sleep apnea is a condition involving repetitive partial or complete collapse of the pharyngeal airway, especially in patient with mandibular hypoplasia. The present study investigated the differences between the volume of the oropharyngeal airway and the minimum axial area in three skeletal patterns through the use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods. CBCT scans of 147 patients were collected to measure the upper oropharyngeal airway volume (UOV), lower oropharyngeal airway volume (LOV), upper oropharyngeal airway area (UOA), minimum upper oropharyngeal airway area (MUOA), lower oropharyngeal airway area (LOA), minimum lower oropharyngeal airway area (MLOA), anatomical structures (orbitale, Or; porion, Po; pogonion, Pog; hyoid, H; second cervical vertebra, C2; fourth cervical vertebra, C4), and relevant angles. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance and Pearson’s test. Results. Compared with patients in Class II, those in Class III and Class I exhibited a significantly anterior position of H and Pog. The vertical positions of H and Pog revealed no significant difference between the three skeletal patterns. Patients in skeletal Class III exhibited significantly larger oropharyngeal area (UOA, MUOA, LOA, MLOA) and oropharyngeal airway (UOV and LOV) than those in skeletal Class II did. The horizontal position of Pog had a moderately significant correlation with UOA ( r = 0.471 ) and MUOA ( r = 0.455 ). Conclusion. Patients in skeletal Class II had significantly smaller oropharyngeal airway areas and volumes than those in Class III did. The minimum oropharyngeal cross-sectional area had a 67% probability of occurrence in the upper oropharyngeal airway among patients in Class I and Class II and a 50% probability of occurrence among patients in Class III.
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Dravid, R. M., and M. T. Popat. "The cuffed oropharyngeal airway." Anaesthesia 54, no. 4 (April 1999): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.1999.00873.x.

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Mehta, S. "A supraglottic oropharyngeal airway." Anaesthesia 45, no. 10 (October 1990): 893–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1990.tb14602.x.

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Joshi, P., R. Ooi, and S. A. Feldman. "The supraglottic oropharyngeal airway." Anaesthesia 46, no. 2 (February 1991): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1991.tb09372.x.

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Takaishi, Kazumi, Shinji Kawahito, Shigemasa Tomioka, Satoru Eguchi, and Hiroshi Kitahata. "Cuffed Oropharyngeal Airway for Difficult Airway Management." Anesthesia Progress 61, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2344/0003-3006-61.3.107.

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Abstract Difficulties with airway management are often caused by anatomic abnormalities due to previous oral surgery. We performed general anesthesia for a patient who had undergone several operations such as hemisection of the mandible and reconstructive surgery with a deltopectoralis flap, resulting in severe maxillofacial deformation. This made it impossible to ventilate with a face mask and to intubate in the normal way. An attempt at oral awake intubation using fiberoptic bronchoscopy was unsuccessful because of severe anatomical abnormality of the neck. We therefore decided to perform retrograde intubation and selected the cuffed oropharyngeal airway (COPA) for airway management. We inserted the COPA, not through the patient's mouth but through the abnormal oropharyngeal space. Retrograde nasal intubation was accomplished with controlled ventilation through the COPA, which proved to be very useful for this difficult airway management during tracheal intubation even though the method was unusual.
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van Vlymen, Janet M., Wen Fu, Paul F. White, Kevin W. Klein, and James D. Griffin. "Use of the Cuffed Oropharyngeal Airway as an Alternative to the Laryngeal Mask Airway with Positive-pressure Ventilation." Anesthesiology 90, no. 5 (May 1, 1999): 1306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199905000-00014.

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Background The cuffed oropharyngeal airway is a modified Guedel-type oral airway with a cuff at its distal end. The objectives of this study were to compare the ability of the cuffed oropharyngeal airway and the laryngeal mask airway to provide positive-pressure ventilation during general anesthesia, and to assess their relative ease of use and ability to reduce total fresh gas flow rates. Methods In this prospective, randomized study, a cuffed oropharyngeal airway (n = 25) or a laryngeal mask airway (n = 25) device was inserted after induction of anesthesia intravenously using 2 mg/kg propofol. While anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane and nitrous oxide, the leak pressure, leak fraction (the fractional difference between the inspired and expired tidal volume), minimum fresh gas flow rate, and need for airway manipulations were determined. The anesthesia provider who inserted the device completed an evaluation form at the end of the 15-min study period. Results Positive-pressure ventilation was established successfully on the first attempt in 92% of the patients when the cuffed oropharyngeal airway was used and in 88% of the patients when the laryngeal mask airway device was used. However, manipulations of the airway device were necessary more frequently (8 vs. 1 patient; P < 0.05) and the leak pressure was less (22 +/- 6 cm water vs. 26 +/- 5 cm water; P < 0.05) with the cuffed oropharyngeal airway than with the laryngeal mask airway. In addition, the leak fraction (0.19 +/- 0.18 vs. 0.31 +/- 0.22; P < 0.05) and the minimum fresh gas flow rate (1.3 +/- 1.5 vs. 2.4 +/- 2.5; P = 0.12) were less in the laryngeal mask airway group. Conclusions Positive-pressure ventilation is possible with the laryngeal mask airway and cuffed oropharyngeal airway devices. Although the cuffed oropharyngeal airway can be inserted easily by inexperienced users with a high first-attempt success rate (> 90%), manipulations of the device may be required to maintain a patent airway. The laryngeal mask airway device allows positive-pressure ventilation at slightly greater peak inspiratory pressures.
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Rosenberg, M. B., J. C. Phero, and D. E. Becker. "Essentials of Airway Management, Oxygenation, and Ventilation: Part 2: Advanced Airway Devices: Supraglottic Airways." Anesthesia Progress 61, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2344/0003-3006-61.3.113.

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Abstract Offices and outpatient dental facilities must be properly equipped with devices for airway management, oxygenation, and ventilation. Part 1 in this series on emergency airway management focused on basic and fundamental considerations for supplying supplemental oxygen to the spontaneously breathing patient and utilizing a bag-valve-mask system including nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal airways to deliver oxygen under positive pressure to the apneic patient. This article will review the evolution and use of advanced airway devices, specifically supraglottic airways, with the emphasis on the laryngeal mask airway, as the next intervention in difficult airway and ventilation management. The final part of the series (part 3) will address airway evaluation, equipment and devices for tracheal intubation, and invasive airway procedures.
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Rizk, Susan, Valmy Pangrazio Kulbersh, and Riyad Al-Qawasmi. "Changes in the oropharyngeal airway of Class II patients treated with the mandibular anterior repositioning appliance." Angle Orthodontist 86, no. 6 (December 9, 2015): 955–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/042915-295.1.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effects of functional appliance treatment on the oropharyngeal airway volume, airway dimensions, and anteroposterior hyoid bone position of growing Class II patients. Materials and Methods: Twenty Class II white patients (mean age, 11.7 ± 1.75 years) treated with the MARA followed by fixed appliances were matched to an untreated control sample by cervical vertebrae maturation stage at pretreatment (T1) and posttreatment (T2) time points. Cone beam computed tomography scans were taken at T1 and T2. Dolphin3D imaging software was used to determine oropharyngeal airway volume, dimensions, and anteroposterior hyoid bone position. Results: Multivariate ANOVA was used to evaluate changes between T1 and T2. Oropharyngeal airway volume, airway dimensions, and A-P position of the hyoid bone increased significantly with functional appliance treatment. SNA and ANB decreased significantly in the experimental group (P ≤ .05). Changes in SNB and Sn-GoGn failed to reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Functional appliance therapy increases oropharyngeal airway volume, airway dimensions, and anteroposterior hyoid bone position in growing patients.
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McConnell, Edwina A. "INSERTING AN OROPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY PROPERLY." Nursing 24, no. 12 (December 1994): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152193-199412000-00008.

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Shimoyama, T., T. Kato, Norio Horie, D. Nasu, and T. Kaneko. "Oropharyngeal airway appliance for infant with upper airway obstruction: report of a case." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 27, no. 1 (September 1, 2003): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.27.1.69h1nxnt137p060q.

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A palatal appliance with oropharyngeal tube that reduces the upper airway obstructions of an elevenmonth-old male infant with severe cerebral palsy is presented. The palatal appliance was composed of the base plate, the outer guide tube that held the oropharyngeal tube inside it, and the extra outer guide tube for the suction catheter. After the setting of the appliance, respiratory distress was improved without side effects.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Oropharyngeal airway"

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Lee, Lewis On Hang. "Development of Simulation Platform for Oropharyngeal Airway Placement and Design Evaluation of the Bardo Airway." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2012. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/901.

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Off-label use of traditional Oropharyngeal Airway (OPA) as a bite-block, and the subsequential procedure of force exertion of the device by physician has caused many cases of patient’s teeth damage and monetary loss, as the patient’s incisors were damaged while clenching on the OPA during an adverse scenario called “Emergency Clenching”. To remedy this harmful situation, Bardo OPA was developed by Dr. Theodore Burdumy. The Bardo airway has unique design to transfer the clenching force from incisor to the molar. However, the Bardo OPA is one-sized, and cannot fit most of the patients like the commonly-used OPAs, such as the Berman and Gudel OPA, which have a spectrum of sizes to ensure fit. In this project, a Computer Assisted Design (CAD) simulation platform was developed to simulate the scenario where OPA is placed in a patient’s oral cavity. CAD – related technique and tools, such as 3D scanner (ScanStudio HD), RapidWorks, SolidWorks and Mimics were utilized to create the models used to construct the platform. The purpose of this platform is to generate data to support the development of additional sizes and other modification to improve the current design of the Bardo OPA. MRI sets of nine (9) patients were obtained and converted into STL mesh models. Berman and Guedel OPA were used as the standard for comparison against the Bardo OPA. It was found that the Bardo OPA was able to fit into all sample patients’ models, while these models were fitted with Berman and Guedel OPA of 70-90mm (Small to medium adult) sizes. It can only be concluded that the Bardo is compatible with these OPA sizes and there was not enough evidence to show the need for additional sizes. Nevertheless, some functional features of the Bardo OPA were found potentially harmful to the patients or ineffective. Three approaches were suggested to improve the design of the Bardo to achieve better safety and efficacy.
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Gröger, Markus Johannes. "Klinischer Vergleich: Larynxmaske (LMA) und cuffed oropharyngeal airway (COPA) unter intermittierender positiver Druckbeatmung." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=970520204.

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Awadi, Mona, Heeyeon Suh, Joorok Park, and Heesoo Oh. "OROPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY CHANGES FOLLOWING ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT OF ANTERIOR OPEN BITE IN GROWING VS NON-GROWING PATIENTS." Scholarly Commons, 2020. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/dugoni_etd/8.

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Introduction: Orthodontic treatment of anterior open bite can result in a counter-clockwise rotation of the mandible and a more ideal forward position of the tongue. Usually this movement is thought to increase the oropharyngeal airway. The primary aim of the present study was to evaluate changes in vertical dimension and airway in AOB patients following orthodontic treatment. Methods: 52 subjects were included in this retrospective study of anterior open bite malocclusion treated in the graduate orthodontics clinic at the University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry between 2006 – 2019. Cephalometric and airway measurements were done by 2 judges. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate inter-judge reliability for evaluating airway volume and MCA measurements. Chi-square tests were used to compare proportions. Unpaired t-tests were used to compare mean differences and paired t-tests were used to compare pre- and post-treatment changes. Results: More vertical control and intrusion of molars was seen in non-growing (NG) subjects. There was more successful open bite correction in NG subjects. Even though there was a reduction in FMA, LFA, improved incisor position and open bite correction, there was not much influence on airway dimensions. There was no statistically significant change in airway in growing (G) and NG subjects when looking at the whole sample. Conclusion: With correction of an anterior open; intrusion of molars and a more forward mandibular position result. However, these changes did not result in an increase in oropharyngeal airway in our study.
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Wu, Pei-Shan, and 吳佩珊. "A mathematical model of oropharyngeal airway space volume assessment by computed tomography in oral cancer patients." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63658994258831034873.

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碩士
國立陽明大學
臨床牙醫學研究所
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The incidence and increase rate of oral cancer have kept increasing in Taiwan recently. After treatment of oral cancer, including surgery, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, the incidence causing airway change varied from 8%-92%, indicating that patients who have been successfully treated for oral cancer often have a partially airway changes after surgery. The methods analyzing airway space change in the literature include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), lateral cephalometric film, and 3-dimensional computed tomography (3-D CT). The 3-D CT has been reported as a reliable instrument evaluating the volumetric change of airway space. The objective of the present investigation is to establish norm data on this line of study by a mathematical model of oropharyngeal airway space volume assessment based on a 3-D CT reconstruction. Results showed that the oropharyngeal airway space of patients with oral cancer after treatment was significantly larger than that before treatment. The factors explaining the current results are also discussed.
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Gröger, Markus Johannes [Verfasser]. "Klinischer Vergleich: Larynxmaske (LMA) und cuffed oropharyngeal airway (COPA) unter intermittierender positiver Druckbeatmung / vorgelegt von Markus Johannes Gröger." 2004. http://d-nb.info/970520204/34.

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Schlick, Christoph. "Struktur und Dimension des oropharyngealen Luftweges im Digitalen Volumentomographen (DVT)." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-98F4-D.

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Abstract Schlick, Christoph Struktur und Dimension des oropharyngealen Luftweges im Digitalen Volumentomographen (DVT) Fragestellung. Auf der Basis vorhandener DVT-Datensätze sollte der Luftweg im Bereich des orofazialen Systems vermessen werden. Die dabei gemessenen Parameter dienten der Erstellung von Normwerten in horizontaler Körperposition mit Schwerpunkt der Ermittlung geschlechtsspezifischer Unterschiede. Des Weiteren sollten die Zusammenhänge anatomischer Faktoren des aufsteigenden Unterkieferastes und der Luftwegsdimension dargestellt werden. Methodik. Die Bestimmung des oberen Luftweges wurde an 129 Patienten (65 Frauen und 64 Männer), im Alter zwischen 30 und 68 Jahren, mittels des Digitalen Volumentomographen NewTom QR-DVT 9000© vorgenommen. Dabei mussten die anatomischen Strukturen von der Nasallinie bis zum Hyoid abgebildet sein. Im Rahmen der Untersuchung wurden unteranderen folgende Parameter bestimmt: die Hartgaumenlänge, die Weichgaumenlänge und Weichgaumenbreite, die Länge des kollapsfähigen Segments, der Abstand von Hyoid zur Nasallinie, die sagittalen Dimension auf Höhe des Inzisialpunktes (MPW), auf Höhe des dorsalsten Punktes der Zunge (TPW) und auf Höhe der Vallecula glossoepiglottica (LPW), sowie die Neigung des Unterkieferastes zur mediosagittalen Ebene (Winkel α und Winkel β). Resultate: Bei Messungen in der mediosagittalen Ebene wurden signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Geschlechtern festgestellt: bei der Hartgaumenlänge, bei der Weichgaumenlänge und Weichgaumenbreite, die Länge des kollapsfähigen Segments und beim Abstand von Hyoid zur Nasallinie. Auch bei den Luftwegsdimensionen gab es signifikante Unterschiede und zwar in der sagittalen Dimension auf Höhe des Inzisialpunktes, auf Höhe des dorsalsten Punktes der Zunge und auf Höhe der Vallecula glossoepiglottica. Auch bei den Querschnittsflächen konnte signifikante Unterschiede festgestellt werden: auf Höhe des Inzisialpunktes, auf Höhe des dorsalsten Punktes der Zunge und auf Höhe der Vallecula glossoepiglottica. Keine signifikante Unterschiede konnte in den transversalen Durchmessern, beim Luftquerschnitt auf Höhe des Isthmus und bei der Neigung des Unterkieferastes zur mediosagittalen Ebene (Winkel α und Winkel β) festgestellt werden. Schlussfolgerung. Insgesamt konnte man feststellen, dass es zahlreiche anatomische Unterschiede in Bezug auf den oberen Luftweg zwischen den beiden Geschlechtern gibt. Der hohe Frauenanteil ermöglichte eine höhere Aussagekraft in Bezug auf den Geschlechtervergleich. Die wichtigsten signifikanten Unterschiede waren vor allem Weichgaumenlänge und- breite, die Länge des kollapsfähigen Segments, der Abstand von Hyoid und Nasallinie, Querschnitte und sagittale Ausdehnung des Luftweges auf Höhe der dorsalsten Stelle der Zunge und auf Höhe der Vallecula glossoepiglottica. Hier waren die Ergebnisse bei den Männern deutlich größer. Dagegen war der Luftweg auf Höhe des Inzisialpunktes bei den Frauen größer. Auch die Rolle der Körperposition muss bei der Auswertung miteinbezogen werden. Die Körperposition scheint nur im Bereich hinter dem Velum einen Einfluss auf die Luftwegsdimension zu haben. In liegender Position scheinen die Luftwegsquerschnitte deutlich kleiner zu sein als in aufrechter. Das NewTom QR-DVT 9000© liefert wertvolle Informationen über die Luftwegsdimensionen in horizontaler Lage.
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Books on the topic "Oropharyngeal airway"

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Gardiner, Matthew D., and Neil R. Borley. Otolaryngology and head and neck surgery. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199204755.003.0011.

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This chapter begins by discussing the basic principles of audiology, before focusing on the key areas of knowledge, namely hearing loss, benign labyrinth conditions and disorders of equilibrium, otitis media, chronic suppurative otitis media, external ear, epistaxis, nasal conditions, snoring, and sleep apnoea, childhood airway conditions, adenoids and tonsils, paranasal sinuses, salivary glands, neck lumps, laryngeal cancer, oropharyngeal, nasal, and nasopharyngeal cancer, facial palsy, and acute red eye. The chapter concludes with relevant case-based discussions.
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Froio, Sara, and Franco Valenza. Aspiration of gastric contents in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0106.

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This chapter focuses on the pathophysiology, clinical features, management and prevention of aspiration pneumonitis, aspiration pneumonia, and airway obstruction. Aspiration is defined as the inhalation of oropharyngeal or gastric contents into the larynx and lower respiratory tract. Pulmonary syndromes caused by aspiration are different, depending on the amount and nature of the aspirated material, the frequency of aspiration and the host’s response. This results in a chemical burn of tracheobronchial tree and pulmonary parenchyma. The caustic effects of the low pH of the aspirate cause an intense inflammatory reaction. As a consequence, severe hypoxaemia and infiltrates on chest radiograph occur. If colonized oropharyngeal material enters the lungs, aspiration pneumonia develops and antibiotics are needed. Even if not toxic per se, large volumes of fluids may cause suffocation by mechanical obstruction. Prevention of aspiration is of vital importance and the patient at risk must be identified. The major therapeutic approach is to correct hypoxia, support pulmonary function, and prevent pneumonia development.
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Book chapters on the topic "Oropharyngeal airway"

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Menon, Suresh. "Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome." In Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician, 1577–89. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1346-6_71.

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AbstractObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a condition that occurs due to aberrations in the oropharyngeal anatomy and the upper airway dilator muscle physiology with neurocognitive and cardiovascular sequelae. The mandibular-maxillary complex as the causative factor entails the maxillofacial surgeon to diagnose and treat the case when present, using the different treatment modalities available in the armamentarium.
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Vermorken, Jan B. "Where and when to Use Induction Chemotherapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer." In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology, 155–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63234-2_11.

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AbstractThe treatment of locoregionally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LA-HNSCC) is reviewed, highlighting the milestones in systemic therapy in that setting, with focus on the role of induction chemotherapy (ICT). The road to what is now considered the standard ICT regimen, i.e. the TPF (docetaxel/cisplatin/5-FU) regimen is described, and the differences between the European and the American TPF are discussed. The article describes the respective roles of ICT for larynx preservation, for treatment intensification, its role in patients with borderline resectable or unresectable oral cavity cancer, its role as a selection tool for radiotherapy dose de-escalation in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (OPSCC) and its potential future role in strategies aiming at synchronous oligometastatic disease.ICT has an established role for organ preservation in advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer and the TPF regimen has been validated in that setting. This approach is presently being compared in a randomized controlled trial to concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), which in many parts of the world is considered the standard organ preservation procedure. There remains uncertainty about the benefit of the sequential approach of ICT followed by CCRT, despite the fact that ICT significantly reduces the occurrence of distant metastases. It is advised that future studies should include patients who have the highest risk to develop distant metastases, in particular patients with low neck nodes and matted nodes. Moreover, further studies in patients with HPV-associated OPSCC at risk for distant failure (T4 or N3 disease) should be considered for that also. These approaches still need to be confirmed in adequately sized randomized controlled trials. Outside clinical trials, the utility of ICT is restricted to uniquely pragmatic clinical scenarios, such as unavoidable delay in radiation or in the situation that RT is not tolerated or feasible. This can happen when there is severe pain from advanced disease or there is impending airway compromise or neurologic dysfunction that necessitates rapid initiation of treatment. In all those circumstances whether within the context of trials or outside trials, it is imperative that the present backbone of ICT, the TPF regimen, is being administered by experienced oncologists, familiar with the necessary protocols and supportive care requirements to ensure patient safety and maximize adherence throughout the treatment.Future areas of research are the role of ICT in strategies whereby ICT is combined with upfront metastases-directed treatments and the usefulness of targeted agents or immune checkpoint inhibitors in the induction setting. Studies in that direction have already started. Finally, the application of radiographic, proteomic and genomic biomarkers will get attention to further define prognostic groups and guide treatment selection with greater precision.
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Chapman, Stephen J., Grace V. Robinson, Rahul Shrimanker, Chris D. Turnbull, and John M. Wrightson. "Airway management." In Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine, edited by Stephen J. Chapman, Grace V. Robinson, Rahul Shrimanker, Chris D. Turnbull, and John M. Wrightson, 827–32. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0062.

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Landrigan-Ossar, Mary, and Samuel Vanderhoek. "Techniques for Managing the Airway." In The Pediatric Procedural Sedation Handbook, edited by Cheryl K. Gooden, Lia H. Lowrie, and Benjamin F. Jackson, 45–48. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190659110.003.0007.

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Most if not all sedation medications negatively affect the patency of the airway, most commonly secondary to soft tissue obstruction, although central apnea may also occur. The techniques available for managing the pediatric airway during sedation are myriad, and deciding which one to use depends on a variety of considerations. These include factors such as the level of sedation required for the procedure, the anticipated duration of the procedure, the remoteness of the patient from the provider, the child’s medical condition, and any airway conditions the child may have. The overarching goal is to maximize the child’s safety and mitigate the risk of airway consequences that the sedation may pose. This section discusses effective positioning, oxygen administration, chin left, jaw thrust, and use of oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airways, along with laryngeal mask airway placement and (briefly) endotracheal intubation.
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Magee, Patrick, and Mark Tooley. "Airway Management Devices." In The Physics, Clinical Measurement and Equipment of Anaesthetic Practice for the FRCA. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199595150.003.0027.

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The most important interface between the breathing system and the patient’s lungs is an airway management device (AMD). Post-operatively it can be considered to be a means of delivering oxygen enriched air to the patient. Intraoperatively it is intended to secure the patient’s airway, which might otherwise obstruct due to deep anaesthesia, to provide a reasonably gas tight seal to ensure accurate delivery of anaesthetic gases and, if necessary, to protect the lungs against aspiration of gastric contents. Postoperatively, the AMD can be nasal prongs or a variable performance mask, whose efficiencies may not be predictable [Wagstaff et al. 2007]. Intraoperatively it might be an artificial airway with a facemask, a supraglottic airway of one of the many types now available or an endotracheal tube (ETT). A supraglottic airway is one that sits in the pharynx or larynx above the vocal cords and these days is usually a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) of the numerous types now available, a cuffed oropharyngeal airway (COPA), or a Combitube. The LMA types available consist of: the classical LMA; the flexible (reinforced) LMA with a flexible tube to the breathing system; the ‘Proseal’, which has a gastric drainage tube as well as a gas transport tube; the intubating LMA, a device with a rigid right angled tube that acts as a ventilation conduit in the usual way, but through which an endotracheal tube may also be blindly introduced into the trachea; the ‘I-gel’ which has a gastric and a respiratory port as does the Proseal, but is less bulky, and whose bowl does not require inflation with air, but is filled with a gel that expands with body heat to form a seal. These days, almost all devices are made of material that excludes latex, but care should be taken to ensure this is indeed the case when there is a latex sensitive patient. Depending on the exact surgical and anaesthetic circumstances, the anaesthetist’s experience and equipment availability, a choice is made between these devices to secure the airway for a given operation. Additionally, there are other devices available to assist in securing the airway, such as the laryngoscope, the fibre optic bronchoscope and the cricothyrotomy tube.
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Gillen, Jennifer K., and Joanne M. Hojsak. "The Child with Cerebral Palsy." In The Pediatric Procedural Sedation Handbook, edited by Cheryl K. Gooden, Lia H. Lowrie, and Benjamin F. Jackson, 208–12. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190659110.003.0032.

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Cerebral palsy is a nonprogressive disorder resulting from an injury to the brain before, during, or slightly after birth that affects motor function. Patients with cerebral palsy have a wide range of symptomatology that can affect their risk for complications during anesthesia and procedural sedation. The inherent issues of spasticity and hypotonia affecting skeletal muscle, oropharyngeal muscle function, and gut motility create an increased risk for airway-related adverse events in particular. Contractures may affect the positioning requirements of any procedure or test, thereby affecting the level of sedation needed for patient comfort and procedure completion. Careful preprocedure planning is crucial.
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Waxman, Jonathan, Kerolos Shenouda, Ho-sheng Lin, and Safwan Badr. "Clinical Protocol in the Multidisciplinary Setting." In Upper Airway Stimulation Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea, 65–82. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197521625.003.0004.

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This chapter describes a presurgical protocol for patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who plan to undergo treatment with upper airway stimulation (UAStim). Patients must receive an initial evaluation including a medical and sleep history and physical examination focused on characteristics suggestive of upper airway narrowing. Criteria related to UAStim therapy and possible exclusion from implantation may be considered at this point. Some patients may be referred to a sleep specialist, but all must undergo in-laboratory or at-home polysomnography to diagnose OSA. Following an OSA diagnosis, treatment with continuous or auto-titrating positive airway pressure should be initiated. Unfortunately, CPAP adherence is low, and while there are several nonsurgical alternatives, many patients who are unable or unwilling to use CPAP will seek surgical treatment. Patients who are referred to otolaryngology for evaluation for UAStim therapy should undergo a medical and sleep history and physical examination including flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy to evaluate upper airway anatomy. Patients must next undergo drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE), during which the upper airway is directly visualized in the operating room with fiberoptic endoscopy under sedation. The most common classification system to describe the location and pattern of upper airway collapse observed during DISE is the Velum, Oropharyngeal walls, Tonsils, Epiglottis (VOTE) system. Patients older than 22 years of age, with an apnea–hypopnea index between 15 and 64 (with central/mixed apneas <25% of the total), a body mass index <32 m/kg2, and without palatal complete concentric collapse may be offered UAStim treatment.
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Unkel, John H. "Sedation in the Pediatric Dental Practice." In The Pediatric Procedural Sedation Handbook, edited by Cheryl K. Gooden, Lia H. Lowrie, and Benjamin F. Jackson, 295–304. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190659110.003.0047.

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A contemporary dental practice offers a variety of sedation medications and routes of administration. Most dental sedation is delivered to children by inhalational and oral routes, although the nasal route is gaining acceptance. Minimal and moderate sedation are the levels that the dentist, acting as both the sedationist and the proceduralist, will wish to achieve in the dental office. Combinations of medications offer the ability to achieve ideal moderate sedation. Nitrous oxide, benzodiazepines, antihistamines, and other agents are discussed. Dental procedures are invasive and unique in that they occur in the oral airway. To achieve a successful outcome, sedationists and proceduralists must take into account instrumentation, loud noises, treatment duration, delivery of local anesthetics, and oropharyngeal protective barriers. Local anesthetic administration can be painful when delivered in the oral cavity. As this is the initial invasive step the child will encounter during the dental experience, providing sedation care may be of value in addition to topical anesthetic.
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Conference papers on the topic "Oropharyngeal airway"

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Maresh, S. A., A. Knack, B. Alsabri, M. Alkhatib, W. Ayash, C. Fung, M. S. Badr, and A. Sankari. "Effect of Oropharyngeal and Respiratory Muscle Exercises on Upper Airway Collapsibility During Sleep in Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a2443.

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Kamlin, C. Omar, Georg Schmoelzer, Jennifer Dawson, Lorraine McGrory, Joyce O'Shea, and Peter Davis. "A randomized trial of oropharyngeal airways to assist stabilization of preterm infants in the delivery room (DR)." In ERS International Congress 2016 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.oa242.

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You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Oropharyngeal airway' for particular source types:
Journal articles
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