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1
Suchanek, Monika, Riikka Hynynen, Gerd Wohlfahrt, et al. "The mammalian oxysterol-binding protein-related proteins (ORPs) bind 25-hydroxycholesterol in an evolutionarily conserved pocket." Biochemical Journal 405, no. 3 (2007): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20070176.
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OSBP (oxysterol-binding protein) homologues, ORPs (OSBP-related proteins), constitute a 12-member family in mammals. We employed an in vitro [3H]25OH (25-hydroxycholesterol)-binding assay with purified recombinant proteins as well as live cell photo-cross-linking with [3H]photo-25OH and [3H]photoCH (photo-cholesterol), to investigate sterol binding by the mammalian ORPs. ORP1 and ORP2 [a short ORP consisting of an ORD (OSBP-related ligand-binding domain) only] were in vitro shown to bind 25OH. GST (glutathione S-transferase) fusions of the ORP1L [long variant with an N-terminal extension that carries ankyrin repeats and a PH domain (pleckstrin homology domain)] and ORP1S (short variant consisting of an ORD only) variants bound 25OH with similar affinity (ORP1L, Kd=9.7×10−8 M; ORP1S, Kd=8.4 ×10−8 M), while the affinity of GST–ORP2 for 25OH was lower (Kd=3.9×10−6 M). Molecular modelling suggested that ORP2 has a sterol-binding pocket similar to that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Osh4p. This was confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis of residues in proximity of the bound sterol in the structural model. Substitution of Ile249 by tryptophan or Lys150 by alanine markedly inhibited 25OH binding by ORP2. In agreement with the in vitro data, ORP1L, ORP1S, and ORP2 were cross-linked with photo-25OH in live COS7 cells. Furthermore, in experiments with either truncated cDNAs encoding the OSBP-related ligand-binding domains of the ORPs or the full-length proteins, photo-25OH was bound to OSBP, ORP3, ORP4, ORP5, ORP6, ORP7, ORP8, ORP10 and ORP11. In addition, the ORP1L variant and ORP3, ORP5, and ORP8 were cross-linked with photoCH. The present study identifies ORP1 and ORP2 as OSBPs and suggests that most of the mammalian ORPs are able to bind sterols.
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Sahli, Z., A. Hamouda, S. Sayah, D. Trentesaux, and A. Bekrar. "Efficient Hybrid Algorithm Solution for Optimal Reactive Power Flow Using the Sensitive Bus Approach." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 12, no. 1 (2022): 8210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4680.
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This paper presents the design and application of an efficient hybrid algorithm for solving the Optimal Reactive Power Flow (ORPF) problem. The ORPF is formulated as a nonlinear constrained optimization problem where the active power losses must be minimized. The proposed approach is based on the hybridization of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Tabu-Search (TS) technique. The proposed PSO-TS approach is used to find the settings of the control variables (i.e. generation bus voltages, transformer taps, and shunt capacitor sizes) which minimize transmission active power losses. The bus locations of the shunt capacitors are identified according to sensitive buses. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, it is applied to the IEEE 30 bus benchmark test system and is compared with PSO and TS without hybridization, along with some other published approaches. The obtained results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed method in dealing with the highly nonlinear constrained nature of the ORPF problem.
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Duong, Thanh Long, Minh Quan Duong, Van-Duc Phan, and Thang Trung Nguyen. "Optimal Reactive Power Flow for Large-Scale Power Systems Using an Effective Metaheuristic Algorithm." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2020 (March 1, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6382507.
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In this paper, stochastic fractal search method (SFS) is employed for solving the optimal reactive power flow (ORPF) problem with a target of optimizing total active power losses (TPL), voltage deviation (VD), and voltage stability index (VSI). SFS is an effective metaheuristic algorithm consisting of diffusion process and two update processes. ORPF is a complex problem giving challenges to applied algorithms by taking into account many complex constraints such as operating voltage from generators and loads, active and reactive power generation of generators, limit of capacitors, apparent power limit from branches, and tap setting of transformers. For verifying the performance, solutions of IEEE 30 and 118-bus system with TPL, VD, and VSI objectives are found by the SFS method with different control parameter settings. Result comparisons indicate that SFS is more favorable than other methods about finding effective solutions and having faster speed. As a result, it is suggested that SFS should be used for ORPF problem, and modifications performed on SFS are encouraged for better results.
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Makaram, Navnit S., Ewan B. Goudie, and C. Michael Robinson. "Outcomes associated with secondary implant removal and arthrolysis in patients with a painful stiff shoulder after proximal humeral fracture fixation." Bone & Joint Journal 104-B, no. 1 (2022): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.104b1.bjj-2021-0675.r1.
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Aims Open reduction and plate fixation (ORPF) for displaced proximal humerus fractures can achieve reliably good long-term outcomes. However, a minority of patients have persistent pain and stiffness after surgery and may benefit from open arthrolysis, subacromial decompression, and removal of metalwork (ADROM). The long-term results of ADROM remain unknown; we aimed to assess outcomes of patients undergoing this procedure for stiffness following ORPF, and assess predictors of poor outcome. Methods Between 1998 and 2018, 424 consecutive patients were treated with primary ORPF for proximal humerus fracture. ADROM was offered to symptomatic patients with a healed fracture at six months postoperatively. Patients were followed up retrospectively with demographic data, fracture characteristics, and complications recorded. Active range of motion (aROM), Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), and EuroQol five-dimension three-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L) were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively. Results A total of 138 patients underwent ADROM; 111 patients were available for long-term follow-up at a mean of 10.9 years (range 1 to 20). Mean age was 50.8 years (18 to 75);79 (57.2%) were female. Mean time from primary ORPF to ADROM was 11.9 months (6 to 19). Five patients developed superficial wound infection; ten developed symptomatic osteonecrosis/post-traumatic arthrosis (ON/PTA); four underwent revision arthrolysis. Median OSS improved from 17 (interquartile range (IQR) 12.0 to 22.0) preoperatively to 40.0 (IQR 31.5 to 48.0) postoperatively, and 39.0 (IQR 31.5 to 46.5) at long-term follow-up (p < 0.001). Median EQ-5D-3L improved from 0.079 (IQR -0.057 to 0.215) to 0.691 (IQR 0.441 to 0.941) postoperatively, and 0.701 (IQR 0.570 to 0.832) at long-term follow-up (p < 0.001). We found that aROM improved in all planes (p < 0.001). Among the variables assessed on multivariable analysis, a manual occupation, worsening Charlson Comorbidity Index and increasing socioeconomic deprivation were most consistently predictive of worse patient-reported outcome scores. Patients who subsequently developed ON/PTA reported significantly worse one-year and late OSS. Conclusion ADROM in patients with persistent symptomatic stiffness following ORPF can achieve excellent short- and long-term outcomes. More deprived patients, those in a manual occupation, and those with worsening comorbidities have worse outcomes following ADROM. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(1):157–167.
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Alias, Q., and N. Selman. "Load Forecast Based ORPF for Minimum Energy Loss." Engineering and Technology Journal 24, no. 10 (2005): 1317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.24.10a.3.
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García-Pineda, Laura Patricia, and Oscar Danilo Montoya. "Optimal Reactive Power Compensation via D-STATCOMs in Electrical Distribution Systems by Applying the Generalized Normal Distribution Optimizer." Algorithms 16, no. 1 (2023): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a16010029.
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This research deals with the problem regarding the optimal siting and sizing of distribution static compensators (D-STATCOMs) via the application of a master–slave optimization technique. The master stage determines the nodes where the D-STATCOMs must be located and their nominal rates by applying the generalized normal distribution optimizer (GNDO) with a discrete–continuous codification. In the slave stage, the successive approximations power flow method is implemented in order to establish the technical feasibility of the solution provided by the master stage, i.e., voltage regulation and device capabilities, among other features. The main goal of the proposed master–slave optimizer is to minimize the expected annual operating costs of the distribution grid, which includes the energy loss and investment costs of the D-STATCOMs. With the purpose of improving the effectiveness of reactive power compensation during the daily operation of the distribution grid, an optimal reactive power flow (ORPF) approach is used that considers the nodes where D-STATCOMs are located as inputs in order to obtain their daily expected dynamical behavior with regard to reactive power injection to obtain additional net profits. The GNDO approach and the power flow method are implemented in the MATLAB programming environment, and the ORPF approach is implemented in the GAMS software using a test feeder comprising 33 nodes with both radial and meshed configurations. A complete comparative analysis with the Salp Swarm Algorithm is presented in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed two-stage optimization approach in the fixed operation scenario regarding the final objective function values. In addition, different tests considering the possibility of hourly power injection using D-STATCOMs through the ORPF solution demonstrate that additional gains can be obtained in the expected annual operative costs of the grid.
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Wu, Qisong, and Youhai Xu. "A Nonlinear Data-Driven Towed Array Shape Estimation Method Using Passive Underwater Acoustic Data." Remote Sensing 14, no. 2 (2022): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14020304.
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Large-aperture towed linear hydrophone array has been widely used for beamforming-based signal enhancement in passive sonar systems; however, its performance can drastically decrease due to the array distortion caused by rapid tactical maneuvers of the towed platform, oceanic currents, hydrodynamic effects, etc. In this paper, an enhanced data-driven shape array estimation scheme is provided in the passive underwater acoustic data, and a novel nonlinear outlier-robust particle filter (ORPF) method is proposed to acquire enhanced estimates of time delays in the presence of distorted hydrophone array. A conventional beamforming technique based on a hypothetical array is first used, and the detection of the narrow-band components is sequentially carried out so that the corresponding amplitudes and phases at these narrow-band components can be acquired. We convert the towed array estimation problem into a nonlinear discrete-time filtering problem with the joint estimates of amplitudes and time-delay differences, and then propose the ORPF method to acquire enhanced estimates of the time delays by exploiting the underlying properties of slowly changing time-delay differences across sensors. The proposed scheme fully exploits directional radiated noise targets as sources of opportunity for online array shape estimation, and thus it requires neither the number nor direction of sources to be known in advance. Both simulations and real experimental data show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Berizzi, A., C. Bovo, M. Merlo, and M. Delfanti. "A GA approach to compare ORPF objective functions including Secondary Voltage Regulation." Electric Power Systems Research 84, no. 1 (2012): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2011.11.014.
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Alias, Qais, and N. Selman. "Optimal Reactive Power Flow ( Orpf ) Program for Voltage Profile Enhancement and Loss Minimization." Engineering and Technology Journal 24, no. 6 (2005): 722–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.24.6.9.
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Eisenreichova, Andrea, Martin Klima, Midhun Mohan Anila, et al. "Crystal Structure of the ORP8 Lipid Transport ORD Domain: Model of Lipid Transport." Cells 12, no. 15 (2023): 1974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12151974.
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ORPs are lipid-transport proteins belonging to the oxysterol-binding protein family. They facilitate the transfer of lipids between different intracellular membranes, such as the ER and plasma membrane. We have solved the crystal structure of the ORP8 lipid transport domain (ORD8). The ORD8 exhibited a β-barrel fold composed of anti-parallel β-strands, with three α-helices replacing β-strands on one side. This mixed alpha–beta structure was consistent with previously solved structures of ORP2 and ORP3. A large cavity (≈1860 Å3) within the barrel was identified as the lipid-binding site. Although we were not able to obtain a lipid-bound structure, we used computer simulations based on our crystal structure to dock PS and PI4P molecules into the putative lipid-binding site of the ORD8. Comparative experiments between the short ORD8ΔLid (used for crystallography) and the full-length ORD8 (lid containing) revealed the lid’s importance for stable lipid binding. Fluorescence assays revealed different transport efficiencies for PS and PI4P, with the lid slowing down transport and stabilizing cargo. Coarse-grained simulations highlighted surface-exposed regions and hydrophobic interactions facilitating lipid bilayer insertion. These findings enhance our comprehension of ORD8, its structure, and lipid transport mechanisms, as well as provide a structural basis for the design of potential inhibitors.
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Cherki, Imene, Abdelkader Chaker, Zohra Djidar, Naima Khalfallah, and Fadela Benzergua. "A Sequential Hybridization of Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization for the Optimal Reactive Power Flow." Sustainability 11, no. 14 (2019): 3862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143862.
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In this paper, the problem of the Optimal Reactive Power Flow (ORPF) in the Algerian Western Network with 102 nodes is solved by the sequential hybridization of metaheuristics methods, which consists of the combination of both the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The aim of this optimization appears in the minimization of the power losses while keeping the voltage, the generated power, and the transformation ratio of the transformers within their real limits. The results obtained from this method are compared to those obtained from the two methods on populations used separately. It seems that the hybridization method gives good minimizations of the power losses in comparison to those obtained from GA and PSO, individually, considered. However, the hybrid method seems to be faster than the PSO but slower than GA.
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Belazzoug, Messaoud, Abdallah Chanane, and Sebaa3 Karim. "An efficient NSCE algorithm for multi-objective reactive power system compensation with UPFC." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 22, no. 2 (2021): 648–59. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i2.pp648-659.
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This paper proposes a novel approach based on the NSCE (elitist non dominated sorting cross entropy), for the optimization of the location and the size of a flexible AC transmission system device (FACTS) namely: unified power flow controller (UPFC) to achieve the optimal reactive power flow (ORPF). In the present work, the main objective is to minimize the real power losses, the cost investment of several UPFC and the deviation voltages using intelligent algorithms. The proposed study is multiobjective, in which, the power generator buses, the control voltages, the ratio tap changer of transformers and the reactive power injections from installed UPFC are considered as control variables. The proposed NSCE algorithm is validated on IEEE 30-bus test system. A comparison with elitist non dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) and a regularity model-based multiobjective estimation of distribution algorithm (RMMEDA) is done and completed with hybridization of them.
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S. Sánchez Gil, Antonio. "Práctica administrativa canónica en materia de iglesias y lugares sagrados. La experiencia de la Iglesia en Italia y en la Diócesis de Roma." Ius Canonicum 52, no. 103 (2012): 117–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/016.52.933.
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El artículo examina la actividad administrativa canónica en relación con los edificios y otros lugares de culto (iglesias, oratorios, capillas privadas y santuarios) en la praxis de la Iglesia en Italia, a partir de las normas del CIC y las instrucciones emanadas por la CEI. Después de analizar los elementos y efectos de la deputatio ad cultum, de la reparatio iniuriae y de la reductio ad usus profanos, se contempla la praxis tanto en materia de conciertos, visitas, exposiciones, etc., como en la concesión de licencias y aprobaciones que se refieren a lugares de culto. Atención particular se reserva al peculiar sistema italiano de «calificación jurídico-pastoral» de las iglesias, establecido por la CEI, y a los acuerdos previstos para encomendar o conceder el uso de una iglesia. Finalmente se describe la peculiar praxis de la Diócesis de Roma en la construcción de nuevas iglesias, confiada de modo exclusivo a la ORPF. En los anexos se ofrecen modelos de reglamentos y formularios empleados en Italia.
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Daccò, Edoardo, Davide Falabretti, Valentin Ilea, Marco Merlo, Riccardo Nebuloni, and Matteo Spiller. "Decentralised Voltage Regulation through Optimal Reactive Power Flow in Distribution Networks with Dispersed Generation." Electricity 5, no. 1 (2024): 134–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electricity5010008.
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The global capacity for renewable electricity generation has surged, with distributed photovoltaic generation being the primary driver. The increasing penetration of non-programmable renewable Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) presents challenges for properly managing distribution networks, requiring advanced voltage regulation techniques. This paper proposes an innovative decentralised voltage strategy that considers DERs, particularly inverter-based ones, as autonomous regulators in compliance with the state-of-the-art European technical standards and grid codes. The proposed method uses an optimal reactive power flow that minimises voltage deviations along all the medium voltage nodes; to check the algorithm’s performance, it has been applied to a small-scale test network and on a real Italian medium-voltage distribution network, and compared with a fully centralised ORPF. The results show that the proposed decentralised autonomous strategy effectively improves voltage profiles in both case studies, reducing voltage deviation by a few percentage points; these results are further confirmed through an analysis conducted over several days to observe how seasons affect the results.
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Belazzoug, Messaoud, Abdallah Chanane, and Karim Sebaa. "An efficient NSCE algorithm for multi-objective reactive power system compensation with UPFC." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 22, no. 2 (2021): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i2.pp648-659.
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<span id="docs-internal-guid-a50ef6a8-7fff-b6d7-8e58-d434be6097d4"><span>This paper proposes a novel approach based on the NSCE (elitist non dominated sorting cross entropy), for the optimization of the location and the size of a flexible AC transmission system device (FACTS) namely: unified power flow controller (UPFC) to achieve the optimal reactive power flow (ORPF). In the present work, the main objective is to minimize the real power losses, the cost investment of several UPFC and the deviation voltages using intelligent algorithms. The proposed study is multiobjective, in which, the power generator buses, the control voltages, the ratio tap changer of transformers and the reactive power injections from installed UPFC are considered as control variables. The proposed NSCE algorithm is validated on IEEE 30-bus test system. A comparison with elitist non dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) and a regularity model-based multiobjective estimation of distribution algorithm (RM-MEDA) is done and completed with hybridization of them.</span></span>
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Arab, Meraa, and Waleed Fadel. "Optimal Reactive Power Flow of AC-DC Power System with Shunt Capacitors Using Backtracking Search Algorithm." Energies 17, no. 3 (2024): 749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17030749.
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In this paper, it is proposed that a two-terminal high voltage direct current (HVDC) be integrated into the power system. Line-commutated converter (LCC)-HVDC is used because of its ability to reduce line losses, which improves overall system efficiency. Shunt capacitors also aid in voltage maintenance by compensating for the reactive power demand. In essence, limiting voltage drops in electrical networks promotes a more efficient power transmission and distribution by lowering resistive losses. In power system investigations, it was discovered that the HVDC link and SCB exist separately. So, for the first time, the backtracking search algorithm (BSA) is used to solve the optimal reactive power flow (ORPF) of a power system with a HVDC link and shunt capacitor banks (SCB). Although BSA simulations on a modified IEEE 30 bus yielded successful results, ABC was also utilized for comparing the outcomes of different methods. Overall, three separate cases of the modified IEEE 30 bus system were examined. When the acquired results are compared to other methods, the suggested algorithm is found to be better at concerning effectiveness as well as performance.
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T., Hariharan. "IMPROVEMENT OF VOLTAGE PROFILE USING HYBRID INTEGRATED TECHNIQUE." International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Scientific Research 2, no. 2 (2015): 20–29. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10725586.
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<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> In this paper, Improvement of voltage profile by using the Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) and Cuckoo Search (CS) based hybrid integrated technique is proposed. In the proposed technique generators voltage limits and Reactive Power Flows are developed by the FLC interference rules base. Because the generators minimal reactive power component is assessed that has been utilized to distribute its real power and effectively reduce the real power loss. The CS technique helps to optimize the minimized real power loss, while the reactive power operating points of the generator. It becomes to make the proposed technique as the integrated technique, because the optimized reactive power limits effectively maintains the voltage stability and reduce the line losses. The planned incorporated technique is applied in MATLAB working platform with IEEE 30 Bus test system, the voltage profile and optimal Power flows are presented. <strong>KEYWORDS:</strong> Voltage Profile, Line Flow, Reactive power, Optimum Reactive Power Flow (ORPF), Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) and Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CS).
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Kattan, Walaa E., Wei Chen, Xiaoping Ma, et al. "Targeting plasma membrane phosphatidylserine content to inhibit oncogenic KRAS function." Life Science Alliance 2, no. 5 (2019): e201900431. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.201900431.
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The small GTPase KRAS, which is frequently mutated in human cancers, must be localized to the plasma membrane (PM) for biological activity. We recently showed that the KRAS C-terminal membrane anchor exhibits exquisite lipid-binding specificity for select species of phosphatidylserine (PtdSer). We, therefore, investigated whether reducing PM PtdSer content is sufficient to abrogate KRAS oncogenesis. Oxysterol-related binding proteins ORP5 and ORP8 exchange PtdSer synthesized in the ER for phosphatidyl-4-phosphate synthesized in the PM. We show that depletion of ORP5 or ORP8 reduced PM PtdSer levels, resulting in extensive mislocalization of KRAS from the PM. Concordantly, ORP5 or ORP8 depletion significantly reduced proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of multiple KRAS-dependent cancer cell lines, and attenuated KRAS signaling in vivo. Similarly, functionally inhibiting ORP5 and ORP8 by inhibiting PI4KIIIα-mediated synthesis of phosphatidyl-4-phosphate at the PM selectively inhibited the growth of KRAS-dependent cancer cell lines over normal cells. Inhibiting KRAS function through regulating PM lipid PtdSer content may represent a viable strategy for KRAS-driven cancers.
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Sohn, Mira, Marek Korzeniowski, James P. Zewe, et al. "PI(4,5)P2 controls plasma membrane PI4P and PS levels via ORP5/8 recruitment to ER–PM contact sites." Journal of Cell Biology 217, no. 5 (2018): 1797–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201710095.
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Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) is a critically important regulatory lipid of the plasma membrane (PM); however, little is known about how cells regulate PM PI(4,5)P2 levels. Here, we show that the phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P)/phosphatidylserine (PS) transfer activity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–resident ORP5 and ORP8 is regulated by both PM PI4P and PI(4,5)P2. Dynamic control of ORP5/8 recruitment to the PM occurs through interactions with the N-terminal Pleckstrin homology domains and adjacent basic residues of ORP5/8 with both PI4P and PI(4,5)P2. Although ORP5 activity requires normal levels of these inositides, ORP8 is called on only when PI(4,5)P2 levels are increased. Regulation of the ORP5/8 attachment to the PM by both phosphoinositides provides a powerful means to determine the relative flux of PI4P toward the ER for PS transport and Sac1-mediated dephosphorylation and PIP 5-kinase–mediated conversion to PI(4,5)P2. Using this rheostat, cells can maintain PI(4,5)P2 levels by adjusting the availability of PI4P in the PM.
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Tong, Junsen, Lingchen Tan, and Young Jun Im. "Structure of human ORP3 ORD reveals conservation of a key function and ligand specificity in OSBP-related proteins." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (2021): e0248781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248781.
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Human ORP3 belongs to the oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) family of lipid transfer proteins and is involved in lipid trafficking and cell signaling. ORP3 localizes to the ER-PM interfaces and is implicated in lipid transport and focal adhesion dynamics. Here, we report the 2.6–2.7 Å structures of the ORD (OSBP-related domain) of human ORP3 in apo-form and in complex with phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate. The ORP3 ORD displays a helix grip β-barrel fold with a deep hydrophobic pocket which is conserved in the OSBP gene family. ORP3 binds PI(4)P by the residues around tunnel entrance and in the hydrophobic pocket, whereas it lacks sterol binding due to the narrow hydrophobic tunnel. The heterologous expression of the ORDs of human ORP3 or OSBP1 rescued the lethality of seven ORP (yeastOSH1-OSH7) knockout in yeast. In contrast, the PI(4)P-binding site mutant of ORP3 did not complement theOSHknockout cells. The N-terminal PH domain and FFAT motif of ORP3 are involved in protein targeting but are not essential in yeast complementation. This observation suggests that the essential function conserved in the ORPs of yeast and human is mediated by PI(4)P-binding of the ORD domain. This study suggests that the non-vesicular PI(4)P transport is a conserved function of all ORPs in eukaryotes.
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Lehto, Markku, Jukka Tienari, Sanna Lehtonen, Eero Lehtonen, and Vesa M. Olkkonen. "Subfamily III of mammalian oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) homologues: the expression and intracellular localization of ORP3, ORP6, and ORP7." Cell and Tissue Research 315, no. 1 (2004): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00441-003-0817-y.
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Du, Ximing, Jaspal Kumar, Charles Ferguson, et al. "A role for oxysterol-binding protein–related protein 5 in endosomal cholesterol trafficking." Journal of Cell Biology 192, no. 1 (2011): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201004142.
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Oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) and its related proteins (ORPs) constitute a large and evolutionarily conserved family of lipid-binding proteins that target organelle membranes to mediate sterol signaling and/or transport. Here we characterize ORP5, a tail-anchored ORP protein that localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum. Knocking down ORP5 causes cholesterol accumulation in late endosomes and lysosomes, which is reminiscent of the cholesterol trafficking defect in Niemann Pick C (NPC) fibroblasts. Cholesterol appears to accumulate in the limiting membranes of endosomal compartments in ORP5-depleted cells, whereas depletion of NPC1 or both ORP5 and NPC1 results in luminal accumulation of cholesterol. Moreover, trans-Golgi resident proteins mislocalize to endosomal compartments upon ORP5 depletion, which depends on a functional NPC1. Our results establish the first link between NPC1 and a cytoplasmic sterol carrier, and suggest that ORP5 may cooperate with NPC1 to mediate the exit of cholesterol from endosomes/lysosomes.
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Aw, Yvette C., Andrew J. Brown, Jia-Wei Wu, and Hongyuan Yang. "ORP1L, ORP1S, and ORP2: Lipid Sensors and Transporters." Contact 3 (January 2020): 251525642095681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2515256420956818.
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Lipid transfer proteins are crucial for intracellular cholesterol trafficking at sites of membrane contact. In the OSBP/ORPs (oxysterol binding protein and OSBP-related proteins) family of lipid transfer proteins, ORP1L, ORP1S and ORP2 play important roles in cholesterol transport. ORP1L is an endosome/lysosome-anchored cholesterol sensor which may also move cholesterol bidirectionally at the interface between the endoplasmic reticulum and the endosome/lysosome. ORP2 delivers cholesterol to the plasma membrane, driven by PI(4,5)P2 hydrolysis. ORP1S may also transport cholesterol to the plasma membrane, although it is unclear if phosphoinositides are involved. The source of cholesterol delivered to the plasma membrane by ORP1S and ORP2 remains unclear. This review summarises the roles of these proteins in maintaining cellular cholesterol homeostasis and in human disease.
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Olkkonen, Vesa M. "OSBP-Related Protein Family in Lipid Transport over Membrane Contact Sites." Lipid Insights 8s1 (January 2015): LPI.S31726. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/lpi.s31726.
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Increasing evidence suggests that oxysterol-binding protein-related proteins (ORPs) localize at membrane contact sites, which are high-capacity platforms for inter-organelle exchange of small molecules and information. ORPs can simultaneously associate with the two apposed membranes and transfer lipids across the interbilayer gap. Oxysterol-binding protein moves cholesterol from the endoplasmic reticulum to trans-Golgi, driven by the retrograde transport of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P). Analogously, yeast Osh6p mediates the transport of phosphatidylserine from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane in exchange for PI4P, and ORP5 and -8 are suggested to execute similar functions in mammalian cells. ORPs may share the capacity to bind PI4P within their ligand-binding domain, prompting the hypothesis that bidirectional transport of a phosphoinositide and another lipid may be a common theme among the protein family. This model, however, needs more experimental support and does not exclude a function of ORPs in lipid signaling.
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WANG, Cheng, Lellean JeBAILEY, and Neale D. RIDGWAY. "Oxysterol-binding-protein (OSBP)-related protein 4 binds25-hydroxycholesterol and interacts with vimentin intermediate filaments." Biochemical Journal 361, no. 3 (2002): 461–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3610461.
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Oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) is the prototypical member of a class of phospholipid and oxysterol-binding proteins that interacts with the Golgi apparatus and regulates lipid and cholesterol metabolism. As a result of recent sequencing efforts, eleven other OSBP-related proteins (ORPs) have been identified in humans. We have investigated the structure, oxysterol-binding activity, cellular localization and function of ORP4 (also designated OSBP2 or HLM), a homologue that shares the highest degree of similarity with OSBP. Two ORP4 cDNAs were identified: a full-length ORP4 containing a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain and an oxysterol-binding region (designated ORP4-L), and a splice variant in which the PH domain and part of the oxysterol-binding domain were deleted (designated ORP4-S). ORP4 mRNA and protein expression overlapped partially with OSBP and were restricted to brain, heart, muscle and kidney. Like OSBP, ORP4-L bound [3H]25-hydroxycholesterol with high affinity and specificity. In contrast, ORP4-S did not bind [3H]25-hydroxycholesterol or [3H]7-ketocholesterol. Immunofluorescence localization in stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells showed that ORP4-S co-localized with vimentin and caused the intermediate filament network to bundle or aggregate. ORP4-L displayed a diffuse staining pattern that did not overlap with vimentin except when the microtubule network was disrupted with nocodazole. Oxysterols had no effect on the localization of either ORP4. Cells overexpressing ORP4-S had a 40% reduction in the esterification of low-density-lipoprotein-derived cholesterol, demonstrating that ORP4 interaction with intermediate filaments inhibits an intracellular cholesterol-transport pathway mediated by vimentin. These studies elucidate a hitherto unknown relationship between OSBPs and the intermediate filament network that influences cholesterol transport.
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Chung, Wooyoung, Malini Ahuja, Beth A. McNally, Henry K. E. Ohman, Spencer Leibow, and Shmuel Muallem. "The lipid transporter proteins ORP5 and ORP8 in Ca2+signaling." Biophysical Journal 121, no. 3 (2022): 373a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2021.11.877.
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Uchiyama, Masashi, та Teresa S. F. Wang. "The B-Subunit of DNA Polymerase α-Primase Associates with the Origin Recognition Complex for Initiation of DNA Replication". Molecular and Cellular Biology 24, № 17 (2004): 7419–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.24.17.7419-7434.2004.
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ABSTRACT The B-subunit (p70/Pol12p) of the DNA polymerase α-primase (Polα-primase) complex is thought to have a regulatory role in an early stage of S phase. We generated a panel of fission yeast thermosensitive mutants of the B-subunit (termed Spb70) to investigate its role in initiation of DNA replication by genetic and biochemical approaches. Here, we show that the fission yeast Spb70 genetically interacts and coprecipitates with origin recognition complex proteins Orp1/Orc1 and Orp2/Orc2 and primase coupling subunit Spp2/p58. A fraction of Spb70 associates with Orp2 on chromatin throughout the cell cycle independent of the other subunits of Polα-primase. Furthermore, primase Spp2/p58 subunit preferentially associates with the unphosphorylated Orp2, and the association requires Spb70. Mutations in orp2+ that abolish or mimic the Cdc2 phosphorylation of Orp2 suppress or exacerbate the thermosensitivity of the spb70 mutants, respectively, indicating that an unphosphorylated Orp2 promotes an Spb70-dependent replication event. Together, these results indicate that the chromatin-bound B-subunit in association with origin recognition complex mediates recruiting Polα-primase complex onto replication origins in G1 pre-Start through an interaction with primase Spp2/p58 subunit. Our results thus suggest a role for the recruited Polα-primase in the initiation of both leading and lagging strands at the replication origins.
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Chung, J., F. Torta, K. Masai, et al. "PI4P/phosphatidylserine countertransport at ORP5- and ORP8-mediated ER-plasma membrane contacts." Science 349, no. 6246 (2015): 428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aab1370.
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Naderi, Ehsan, Hossein Narimani, Mahdi Pourakbari-Kasmaei, Fernando V. Cerna, Mousa Marzband, and Matti Lehtonen. "State-of-the-Art of Optimal Active and Reactive Power Flow: A Comprehensive Review from Various Standpoints." Processes 9, no. 8 (2021): 1319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9081319.
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Optimal power flow (OPF), a mathematical programming problem extending power flow relationships, is one of the essential tools in the operation and control of power grids. To name but a few, the primary goals of OPF are to meet system demand at minimum production cost, minimum emission, and minimum voltage deviation. Being at the heart of power system problems for half a century, the OPF can be split into two significant categories, namely optimal active power flow (OAPF) and optimal reactive power flow (ORPF). The OPF is spontaneously a complicated non-linear and non-convex problem; however, it becomes more complex by considering different constraints and restrictions having to do with real power grids. Furthermore, power system operators in the modern-day power networks implement new limitations to the problem. Consequently, the OPF problem becomes more and more complex which can exacerbate the situation from mathematical and computational standpoints. Thus, it is crucially important to decipher the most appropriate methods to solve different types of OPF problems. Although a copious number of mathematical-based methods have been employed to handle the problem over the years, there exist some counterpoints, which prevent them from being a universal solver for different versions of the OPF problem. To address such issues, innovative alternatives, namely heuristic algorithms, have been introduced by many researchers. Inasmuch as these state-of-the-art algorithms show a significant degree of convenience in dealing with a variety of optimization problems irrespective of their complexities, they have been under the spotlight for more than a decade. This paper provides an extensive review of the latest applications of heuristic-based optimization algorithms so as to solve different versions of the OPF problem. In addition, a comprehensive review of the available methods from various dimensions is presented. Reviewing about 200 works is the most significant characteristic of this paper that adds significant value to its exhaustiveness.
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Santos, Nina Criado, Vladimir Girik, and Paula Nunes-Hasler. "ORP5 and ORP8: Sterol Sensors and Phospholipid Transfer Proteins at Membrane Contact Sites?" Biomolecules 10, no. 6 (2020): 928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10060928.
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Oxysterol binding related proteins 5 and 8 (ORP5 and ORP8) are two close homologs of the larger oxysterol binding protein (OSBP) family of sterol sensors and lipid transfer proteins (LTP). Early studies indicated these transmembrane proteins, anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), bound and sensed cholesterol and oxysterols. They were identified as important for diverse cellular functions including sterol homeostasis, vesicular trafficking, proliferation and migration. In addition, they were implicated in lipid-related diseases such as atherosclerosis and diabetes, but also cancer, although their mechanisms of action remained poorly understood. Then, alongside the increasing recognition that membrane contact sites (MCS) serve as hubs for non-vesicular lipid transfer, added to their structural similarity to other LTPs, came discoveries showing that ORP5 and 8 were in fact phospholipid transfer proteins that rather sense and exchange phosphatidylserine (PS) for phosphoinositides, including phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI(4)P) and potentially phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2). Evidence now points to their action at MCS between the ER and various organelles including the plasma membrane, lysosomes, mitochondria, and lipid droplets. Dissecting exactly how this unexpected phospholipid transfer function connects with sterol regulation in health or disease remains a challenge for future studies.
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Galmes, Romain, Audrey Houcine, Alexander R. Vliet, Patrizia Agostinis, Catherine L. Jackson, and Francesca Giordano. "ORP5/ORP8 localize to endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria contacts and are involved in mitochondrial function." EMBO reports 17, no. 6 (2016): 800–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.15252/embr.201541108.
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FAIRN, Gregory D., and Christopher R. McMASTER. "Identification and assessment of the role of a nominal phospholipid binding region of ORP1S (oxysterol-binding-protein-related protein 1 short) in the regulation of vesicular transport." Biochemical Journal 387, no. 3 (2005): 889–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20041915.
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The ORPs (oxysterol-binding-protein-related proteins) constitute an enigmatic family of intracellular lipid receptors that are related through a shared lipid binding domain. Emerging evidence suggests that ORPs relate lipid metabolism to membrane transport. Current data imply that the yeast ORP Kes1p is a negative regulator of Golgi-derived vesicular transport mediated by the essential phosphatidylinositol/phosphatidylcholine transfer protein Sec14p. Inactivation of Kes1p function allows restoration of growth and vesicular transport in cells lacking Sec14p function, and Kes1p function in this regard can be complemented by human ORP1S (ORP1 short). Recent studies have determined that Kes1p and ORP1S both bind phospholipids as ligands. To explore the function of distinct linear segments of ORP1S in phospholipid binding and vesicular transport regulation, we generated a series of 15 open reading frames coding for diagnostic regions within ORP1S. Purified versions of these ORP1S deletion proteins were characterized in vitro, and allowed the identification of a nominal phospholipid binding region. The in vitro analysis was interpreted in the context of in vivo growth and vesicle transport assays for members of the ORP1S deletion set. The results determined that the phospholipid binding domain per se was insufficient for inhibition of vesicular transport by ORP1S, and that transport of carboxypeptidase Y and invertase from the Golgi may be regulated differentially by specific regions of ORP1S/Kes1p.
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Bayimenye, Ruth Fiona, Jorge L. Berrios-Rivera, Susan Nimmo, Christina R. Bourne, and Anthony W. Burgett. "Abstract 5778: Determining the structure and function relationship of the oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) to guide drug development." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (2024): 5778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-5778.
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Abstract The human Oxysterol Binding Protein Structure and function relationship remains elusive, yet the anti-cancer and antiviral molecules library targeting OSBP and OSBP-Related proteins (ORPs) continues to grow. OSBP is a ubiquitously expressed protein in most eukaryotes, functioning as a master lipid sensor and cholesterol regulator in cells. OSBP and its closely related protein ORP4 are also reported to be essential in several human diseases, including viral infection and cancer cell proliferation. Our lab has shown that the natural product OSW-1 has potential anti-viral and anti-cancer activity through targeting OSBP and ORP4, as confirmed with protein-ligand interactions that showed binding with high affinity. Moreover, several anti-cancer molecules targeting the ORPs provoke different protein conformation changes and, therefore, lead to varying OSBP functions. However, the structure of full-length OSBP is still unknown, which leaves a gap in knowledge regarding the compounds’ mechanism of action or how OSBP could be established as a molecular anti-cancer target. Our goal is to determine the structure and function relationship of OSBP with emphasis on the effect of small molecule ligands on cellular OSBP levels and function. In pursuit of this research goal, we aim to determine the in vitro activity of OSW-1 analogs (OA) isolated in our lab, as well as determine their interaction with OSBP and ORP4 proteins in multiple cancer cell lines. We mainly seek to determine the structure and ligand interaction with the OSBP-ligand binding domain (LBD) and full-length OSBP to shed light on the conformation changes that occur upon ligand binding. Preliminary data indicate that the tested OA compounds are active in multiple cancer cell lines with reduced OSBP levels effect, suggesting a similar mechanism of action to OSW-1. A transient expression of full-length OSBP and LBD showed that the truncated OSBP (LBD) was mostly found in the pellet, which could imply low solubility, while the full-length OSBP showed sufficient solubility. Our efforts are currently focused on purifying full-length OSBP. We are also working towards purifying full-length OSBP with a cleavage site that allows cutting out the LBD, thus solving the insolubility issue. Once obtained, the full-length OSBP and the ligand binding domain will be used for both binding and structure determination studies. Citation Format: Ruth Fiona Bayimenye, Jorge L. Berrios-Rivera, Susan Nimmo, Christina R. Bourne, Anthony W. Burgett. Determining the structure and function relationship of the oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) to guide drug development [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 5778.
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Luwito, Jeffry, and Johan Dwi Murtanto. "NAVIGATING THE CHALLENGES OF SEVERE OPEN FRACTURES BETWEEN OREF AND ORIF IN COMPLEX TRAUMA MANAGEMENT : A CASE REPORT." PREPOTIF : JURNAL KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT 8, no. 3 (2024): 4712–17. https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v8i3.33130.
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Fraktur terbuka dengan kerusakan jaringan lunak yang parah menghadirkan tantangan yang signifikan dalam perawatan trauma ortopedi, khususnya dalam memilih intervensi bedah yang tepat. Laporan kasus ini membahas seorang laki-laki berusia 32 tahun yang menderita beberapa luka parah, termasuk luka remuk pada femur distal kanan, amputasi ruas proksimal jari keempat kanan, patah tulang acetabulum, dan patah tulang kompleks temporo-zygomatik setelah serangan jantung. kecelakaan sepeda motor. Meskipun pada kasus tersebut lebih disukai Open Reduction External Fixation (OREF) untuk meminimalkan kerusakan jaringan lebih lanjut dan mengurangi risiko infeksi, Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF) dipilih untuk mencapai keselarasan anatomi yang tepat dan mobilisasi dini. Perjalanan pasien pasca operasi stabil, dengan penyembuhan luka yang berhasil dan fungsi anggota tubuh pulih. Kasus ini menggarisbawahi perlunya evaluasi yang cermat dalam pengambilan keputusan bedah, terutama ketika menangani patah tulang terbuka, dan menyarankan pertimbangan ulang praktik standar untuk memastikan hasil yang optimal bagi pasien dengan cedera ortopedi yang kompleks
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Hidayatullah, Audi, Hannah Namira, and Muhfawwazkamal Fawwaz. "Deskripsi Jenis Tindakan Operasi Pasien Bencana Gempa Bumi Lombok di RSUD Provinsi NTB Tahun 2018." Unram Medical Journal 8, no. 4 (2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jku.v8i4.358.
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Background: After an earthquake occurs, local medical infrastructure often is damaged or destroyed. Planning, efficient allocation of resources, and an understanding of the types of injuries that might occur. Orthopedic surgeons an important role in providing care for earthquake victims. Long bone fractures, soft tissue injuries, limb injuries/fractures can survive with proper care. Therefore, after an earthquake it is very important to know what types of operations or actions are often needed in dealing with injuries after an earthquake, especially in the field of orthopedics.
 Method: This research is a retrospective descriptive study using medical records of patients affected by the Lombok earthquake. The sample size is determined by the consecutive sampling method. Samples were patients affected by the Lombok earthquake in 2018 who met the inclusion criteria in the Medical Record data at the Provincial General Hospital of West Nusa Tenggara in 2018.
 Result: In this study, there were 199 patients with a ratio of the number of men (49.2%) and women (50.8%). The most common types of operative actions were debridement 34.2%, ORIF 31.2%, craniotomy 13.1%, laparotomy 6.5%, debridement and ORIF 0.5%, WSD 2%, laminectomy 5%, skin graft and OREF respectively 1%, amputation, burrhole, and maxilla reconstruction were 0.5%. The highest classification of trauma is due to fracture 67.8%, head/intracranial trauma 14.7%, thoracic, abdominal/pelvic trauma 8.5%, crush injury and skin loss 1%, other trauma 7%.
 Conclusion: Variations in trauma injury and operative actions due to the Lombok earthquake require medical personnel, especially orthopedists, to properly handle trauma cases.
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Putri, Aliza Zulpa, and Nita Fitria. "Perawatan Luka Menggunakan Povidone Iodine 10% dan Elastic Bandages pada Pasien Post Orif dan Oref OS Tibia: Studi Kasus." MAHESA : Malahayati Health Student Journal 3, no. 7 (2023): 2039–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v3i7.10701.
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ABSTRACT Fractures in Indonesia are the third most common cause of death after coronary heart disease and tuberculosis. Treatment of fractures is not only limited to installing fixation devices, in cases of open fractures, wound care is also very influential on the success of fracture management. The intervention given was wound care with elastic bandages and 10% povidone-iodine. These two components have been widely used in various cases; however, no research has been found that discusses the effectiveness of the collaboration of elastic bandages and povidone-iodine 10% solution for the treatment of postoperative fracture wounds. To report how wound care with elastic bandages and povidone-iodine 10% is given to fracture patients. The research method is a case study, containing case explanations, interventions, and evaluations of interventions as well as literature reviews. Mr. Case K, male, 56 years old, came with complaints of pain around the right leg, x-ray examination showed that there was a comminuted fracture in the distal third of the right tibia. There is a wound due to a 6 cm vertical fracture of the tibia. Wound care was carried out once a day, there were differences in the results of the evaluation of wound conditions on the first, second, and third weeks in cases, but the results showed significant benefits, namely no edema was found, reduced exudate output from the wound after the intervention. Keywords: Elastic Bandages, Fracture Patient, Povidone Iodine 10% Solution, Wound Care ABSTRAK Patah tulang di Indonesia merupakan penyebab kematian ketiga terbanyak setelah penyakit jantung koroner dan tuberkulosis. Penanganan patah tulang tidak hanya sebatas pemasangan fixation device, pada kasus patah tulang terbuka, perawatan luka juga sangat berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan manajemen fracture. Melaporkan bagaimana intervensi perawatan luka dengan elastic bandages dan povidone iodine 10% diberikan pada pasien patah tulang terbuka. Metode penelitian adalah studi kasus, berisi penjelasan kasus, intervensi dan evaluasi dari intervensi serta tinjauan literatur. Adapun intervensi yang diberikan adalah perawatan luka dengan elastic bandages dan povidone iodine 10%. Kedua komponen tersebut sudah banyak digunakan dalam berbagai kasus namun, belum ditemukan penelitian yang membahas mengenai efektifitas dari kolaborasi elastic bandages dan povidone iodine 10% solution terhadap perawatan luka pasca operasi fraktur. Kasus Tn. K, laki-laki, 56 tahun, datang dengan keluhan nyeri pada area kaki kanan, hasil pemeriksaan x-ray menunjukan terdapat fraktur kominutif pada sepertiga distal os tibia dekstra. Terdapat luka terbuka akibat patah tulang sepanjang 6 cm vertikal terhadap tibia. Perawatan luka dilakukan satu kali setiap hari, terdapat perbedaan hasil evaluasi kondisi luka pada minggu pertama, kedua, dan ketiga pada kasus. Hasil menunjukan manfaat signifikan yaitu tidak ditemukan edema, berkurangnya keluaran eksudat dari luka setelah intervensi. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui efikasi dan efektivitas dari penggunaan paduan povidone iodine 10% dan elastic bandages pada perawatan luka pasien fraktur. Kata Kunci: Elastic Bandages, Fraktur, Perawatan Luka, Povidone Iodine 10%
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D'Ambrosia, Robert. "OREF." Orthopedics 10, no. 7 (1987): 1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0147-7447-19870701-04.
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Pruett, David B. "Orff before Orff: The Güntherschule (1924–1945)." Journal of Historical Research in Music Education 24, no. 2 (2003): 178–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153660060302400205.
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Mishra, Bibhu Prasad. "Management of zygomatic fractures using different surgical approaches." Bioinformation 19, no. 13 (2023): 1371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/973206300191371.
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Management of zygomatic complex fractures using closed reduction, two point open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF), closed reduction with three point ORIF and two point ORIF is of interest to dentist. 150 patients with zygomatic bone fractures between the ages of 14-60 years were included in the study. At final assessment, the percentage of stable condition was greater in closed reduction + two point ORIF and closed reduction + three point ORIF when compared to two point ORIF alone and three point ORIF alone and closed reduction alone. It was observed that stable condition was lowest in closed reduction alone. It was also observed that stable condition was lower in closed reduction + two point ORIF as compared to closed reduction + three point ORIF. It was also further noticed that stable condition was lower in two point ORIF alone as compared to three point ORIF alone. The treatment approach involving closed reduction and three point ORIF had better outcomes for management of zygomatic complex fractures.
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qÁ., ¸ÀÄgÉÃSÁ ©gÁzÁgÀ. "DzÀå ªÀZÀ£ÀPÁgÀ ªÉÊzÀå ¸ÀAUÀtÚ." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 5, no. 42 (2024): 377–78. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14525180.
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PÀ£ÀßqÀ £Ár£À ZÀjvÉæAiÀÄ°è 12£Éà ±ÀvÀªÀiÁ£ÀªÀÅ ¸ÀĪÀuÁðPÀëgÀUÀ¼À°è §gÉAiÀįÁVzÉ. «±Àé UÀÄgÀÄ §¸ÀªÀtÚ£À £ÉÃvÀÈvÀézÀ°è dgÀÄVzÀ PÀ¯Áåt PÁæAw dUÀwÛ£À EwºÁ¸ÀzÀ°è C¨sÀÆvÀ¥ÀƪÀðªÁzÀzÀÄÝ. §¸ÀªÀtÚ£ÀªÀgÀÄ ¸Áܦ¹zÀ C£ÀĨsÀªÀ ªÀÄAl¥ÀzÀ°è 770 ±ÀgÀt ±ÀgÀuÉAiÀÄgÀ C£ÀĨsÁªÀ¢AzÀ ºÉÆgÀºÉÆ«ÄäzÀ ªÀZÀ£À ¸Á»vÀå ±ÀgÀtgÀ aAvÀ£É, §zÀÄQ£À jÃw, PÁAiÀÄPÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ zÁ¸ÉÆúÀ vÀvÀé eÁw ªÀUÀð ªÀtðUÀ¼À£ÀÄß «ÄÃjzÀ ªÀiÁ£À«ÃAiÀÄvÉAiÀÄ «ÄrvÀ ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ §zÀÄQUÉ ºÉƸÀ gÀÆ¥À gÉõÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß PÉÆlÖ ªÀZÀ£À ¸Á»vÀå EAzÀÄ dUÀwÛUÉ zÁj ¢Ã¥ÀªÁVzÉ. CA¢£À ±ÀgÀt ±ÀgÀuÉAiÀÄgÀÄ vÁªÀÅ ªÀiÁqÀĪÀ ¸ÀvÀå ±ÀÄzÀÞ PÁAiÀÄPÀ¢AzÀ¯Éà UÀÄgÀÄw¹PÉÆAqÀªÀgÀÄ. UÀÄgÀĪÁzÀgÀÆ PÁAiÀÄPÀ¢AzÀ¯É ªÀÄÄQÛ JAzÀÄ ¸ÁjzÀgÀÄ. EAvÀºÀ C¨sÀÆvÀ¥ÀƪÀð ZÀ¼ÀĪÀ½AiÀÄ°è zÉñÀzÀ ªÀÄÆ¯É ªÀÄƯɬÄAzÀ §¸ÀªÀtÚ£À ¸Á«Ä¥ÀåªÀ£ÀÄß §AiÀĹ PÀ¯ÁåtPÉÌ §AzÀgÀÄ. CAvÀºÀªÀgÀ°è DzÀå ªÀZÀ£ÀPÁgÀ ªÉÊzÀå ¸ÀAUÀtÚ M§âgÁVzÁÝgÉ.
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Taylor, Donald M. "Orff Ensembles." General Music Today 25, no. 3 (2011): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1048371311414879.
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Vas, Amit, Winnie Mok, and Janet Leatherwood. "Control of DNA Rereplication via Cdc2 Phosphorylation Sites in the Origin Recognition Complex." Molecular and Cellular Biology 21, no. 17 (2001): 5767–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.21.17.5767-5777.2001.
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ABSTRACT Cdc2 kinase is a master regulator of cell cycle progression in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Our data indicate that Cdc2 phosphorylates replication factor Orp2, a subunit of the origin recognition complex (ORC). Cdc2 phosphorylation of Orp2 appears to be one of multiple mechanisms by which Cdc2 prevents DNA rereplication in a single cell cycle. Cdc2 phosphorylation of Orp2 is not required for Cdc2 to activate DNA replication initiation. Phosphorylation of Orp2 appears first in S phase and becomes maximal in G2 and M when Cdc2 kinase activity is required to prevent reinitiation of DNA replication. A mutant lacking Cdc2 phosphorylation sites in Orp2 (orp2-T4A) allowed greater rereplication of DNA than congenic orp2 wild-type strains when the limiting replication initiation factor Cdc18 was deregulated. Thus, Cdc2 phosphorylation of Orp2 may be redundant with regulation of Cdc18 for preventing reinitiation of DNA synthesis. Since Cdc2 phosphorylation sites are present in Orp2 (also known as Orc2) from yeasts to metazoans, we propose that cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation of the ORC provides a safety net to prevent DNA rereplication and resulting genetic instability.
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Luginbuhl, Joshua C., Alexa R. Deemer, and Eric C. Gokcen. "Cost of Operative Fixation of Ankle Fractures: Comparing Orthopaedics and Podiatry." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 1 (2022): 2473011421S0032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00325.
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Category: Trauma; Other Introduction/Purpose: Ankle fractures pose a unique situation as both podiatrists and orthopaedic surgeons are licensed to treat them. Despite increasing emphasis on value-based medical care, there are few cost analyses focused on the treatment of ankle fractures. The goal of this study is to determine if there are cost differences between an orthopaedic surgeon and podiatrist to operatively manage an ankle fracture. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent ankle fracture fixation over a 22 month period at an academic level 1 trauma center. Patient data was subcategorized by surgeon type and treatment groups. Four treatment groups were included: lateral malleolus open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), bimalleolar/trimalleolar ORIF (no posterior malleolus fixation), lateral malleolus ORIF with syndesmotic fixation, bimalleolar/trimalleolar ORIF (no posterior malleolus fixation) with syndesmotic fixation. Primary outcome was total (OR time cost + Implant cost) cost per case. Results: A total of 134 cases met criteria. Eighty-five cases were treated by a total of 4 orthopaedic surgeons while 49 were treated by 8 podiatrists. There was significantly longer OR time (minutes) for lateral malleolus ORIF (111 vs 134.92), lateral malleolus ORIF with syndesmotic fixation (130.53 vs 156.7), and bimalleolar/trimalleolar ORIF (no posterior malleolus fixation) with syndesmotic fixation (162.13 vs 208) when podiatry was the treating team. Average total cost per case was significantly more for lateral malleolus ORIF (+$1188.45), lateral malleolus ORIF with syndesmotic fixation (+$2259.16), and bimalleolar/trimalleolar ORIF with syndesmotic fixation (+$2837.29) when podiatry was the treating team. Conclusion: Lateral malleolus ORIF, lateral malleolus ORIF with syndesmotic fixation, and bimalleolar/trimalleolar ORIF with syndesmotic fixation costs less per case when performed by an orthopaedic surgeon based on OR time costs and implant costs.
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Kiely, Joan, S. B. Haase, Paul Russell, and Janet Leatherwood. "Functions of Fission Yeast Orp2 in DNA Replication and Checkpoint Control." Genetics 154, no. 2 (2000): 599–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/154.2.599.
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Abstract orp2 is an essential gene of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe with 22% identity to budding yeast ORC2. We isolated temperature-sensitive alleles of orp2 using a novel plasmid shuffle based on selection against thymidine kinase. Cells bearing the temperature-sensitive allele orp2-2 fail to complete DNA replication at a restrictive temperature and undergo cell cycle arrest. Cell cycle arrest depends on the checkpoint genes rad1 and rad3. Even when checkpoint functions are wild type, the orp2-2 mutation causes high rates of chromosome and plasmid loss. These phenotypes support the idea that Orp2 is a replication initiation factor. Selective spore germination allowed analysis of orp2 deletion mutants. These experiments showed that in the absence of orp2 function, cells proceed into mitosis despite a lack of DNA replication. This suggests either that the Orp2 protein is a part of the checkpoint machinery or more likely that DNA replication initiation is required to induce the replication checkpoint signal.
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Kenny, Yulian, Ngurah Putra Stanu Gusti, Agus Maharjana Made, and Gede Bakta Giri Kadek. "Revision Arthroplasty Versus Open Reduction Internal Fixation for Distal Femur Periprosthetic Fractures: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Research Studies 05, no. 01 (2025): 44–50. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14608890.
Full textAbstract:
<strong>Introduction </strong>Distal femur periprosthetic fractures are a challenging complication following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Primary surgical approaches are Revision Arthroplasty (RA) and Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF). RA replaces unstable prosthetic components, while ORIF preserves the prosthesis. This review aims to evaluate the outcomes of RA and ORIF. <strong>Method</strong> This review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Data extraction and bias assessment were performed independently. <strong>Results</strong> Literature search resulted in 376 papers. After screening, 12 studies were included with a total of 526 patients, with 302 patients treated with ORIF and 224 with RA. ORIF patients showed a fracture union rate of 94.2% and RA patients 94.9%. Average time to union was 15.9 weeks for ORIF and 14.1 weeks for RA. Complication rates were 10% for ORIF and 10.3% for RA. Reoperation rates were 4.1% for ORIF and 4.5% for RA. Mortality rates were slightly higher in RA group (3.8%) compared to ORIF group (3.4%). ORIF patients scored higher on KSS but lower on OKS compared to RA patients. <strong>Discussion</strong> RA shows faster time to fracture union compared to ORIF, attributed to RA’s load-sharing design which supports early weight-bearing without compromising fracture stability or healing. Literature suggests that early mobilization may reduce morbidity and enhance ambulatory recovery. Complication, reoperation, mortality, and functional scores were similar in both groups. <strong>Conclusion</strong> Both ORIF and RA offer distinct advantages, depending on factors such as prosthetic stability and bone quality. Further researchs are required to establish proper guidelines.
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Lygerou, Z., and P. Nurse. "The fission yeast origin recognition complex is constitutively associated with chromatin and is differentially modified through the cell cycle." Journal of Cell Science 112, no. 21 (1999): 3703–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.112.21.3703.
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The origin recognition complex (ORC) binds to the well defined origins of DNA replication in budding yeast. Homologous proteins in other eukaryotes have been identified but are less well characterised. We report here the characterisation of a fission yeast ORC complex (SpORC). Database searches identified a fission yeast Orc5 homologue. SpOrc5 is essential for cell viability and its deletion phenotype is identical to that of two previously identified ORC subunit homologues, SpOrc1 (Orp1/Cdc30) and SpOrc2 (Orp2). Co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate that SpOrc1 forms a complex with SpOrc2 and SpOrc5 and gel filtration chromatography shows that SpOrc1 and SpOrc5 fractionate as high molecular mass complexes. SpORC subunits localise to the nucleus in a punctate distribution which persists throughout interphase and mitosis. We developed a chromatin isolation protocol and show that SpOrc1, 2 and 5 are associated with chromatin at all phases of the cell cycle. While the levels, nuclear localisation and chromatin association of SpORC remain constant through the cell cycle, one of its subunits, SpOrc2, is differentially modified. We show that SpOrc2 is a phosphoprotein which is hypermodified in mitosis and is rapidly converted to a faster migrating isoform as cells proceed into G(1) in preparation for S-phase.
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Ngo, Mike, and Neale D. Ridgway. "Oxysterol Binding Protein–related Protein 9 (ORP9) Is a Cholesterol Transfer Protein That Regulates Golgi Structure and Function." Molecular Biology of the Cell 20, no. 5 (2009): 1388–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e08-09-0905.
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Oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) and OSBP-related proteins (ORPs) constitute a large gene family that differentially localize to organellar membranes, reflecting a functional role in sterol signaling and/or transport. OSBP partitions between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus where it imparts sterol-dependent regulation of ceramide transport and sphingomyelin synthesis. ORP9L also is localized to the ER–Golgi, but its role in secretion and lipid transport is unknown. Here we demonstrate that ORP9L partitioning between the trans-Golgi/trans-Golgi network (TGN), and the ER is mediated by a phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI-4P)-specific PH domain and VAMP-associated protein (VAP), respectively. In vitro, both OSBP and ORP9L mediated PI-4P–dependent cholesterol transport between liposomes, suggesting their primary in vivo function is sterol transfer between the Golgi and ER. Depletion of ORP9L by RNAi caused Golgi fragmentation, inhibition of vesicular somatitus virus glycoprotein transport from the ER and accumulation of cholesterol in endosomes/lysosomes. Complete cessation of protein transport and cell growth inhibition was achieved by inducible overexpression of ORP9S, a dominant negative variant lacking the PH domain. We conclude that ORP9 maintains the integrity of the early secretory pathway by mediating transport of sterols between the ER and trans-Golgi/TGN.
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Tu, Ting-Yu, Chun-Yu Chen, Pei-Chin Lin, Chih-Yang Hsu, and Kai-Cheng Lin. "Comparison of primary total hip arthroplasty with limited open reduction and internal fixation vs open reduction and internal fixation for geriatric acetabular fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis." EFORT Open Reviews 8, no. 7 (2023): 532–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eor-21-0099.
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Purpose Comminuted fractures with poor bone quality in the elderly are associated with poor outcomes. An alternative to open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) alone, primary or acute total hip arthroplasty (aTHA), allows early mobilization with full weight bearing. In this study, we aim to analyze whether treatment of aTHA with/withtout ORIF (limited ORIF) vs ORIF alone yields better intra-operative results, functional outcomes, and less complications. Methods PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Random-effects model and 95% confidence intervals were used. The outcomes of interest were surgery time, blood loss, length of hospital stay, Harris hip score (HHS), 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36), complication rate, surgical site infection rate, heterotopic ossification rate, reoperation rate, and mortality rate. Results Ten observational studies with a total of 642 patients (415 ORIF alone and 227 aTHA with/without ORIF) were included in the systematic review. Compared to ORIF alone, aTHA with limited ORIF provided higher HHS (P = 0.029), better physical function (P = 0.008), better physical component summary (P = 0.001), better mental component summary (P = 0.043) in postoperative 1-year SF-36, lesser complication rate (P = 0.001), and lesser reoperation rate (P = 0.000), but however greater bodily pain (P = 0.001) in acetabular fractured elderlies. Conclusions Acute THA with limited ORIF is favorable alternative to ORIF technique alone. It provided better HHS, physical, and mental component summary in SF-36 and yielded lower complication and reoperation rate compare to ORIF alone.
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Özevin, Banu. "Humanistic, artistic and pedagogic aspects of Orff-Schulwerk music and dance pedagogyOrff-Schulwerk müzik ve hareket eğitiminin insani, sanatsal ve pedagojik yönleri." Journal of Human Sciences 15, no. 1 (2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v15i1.4991.
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Orff-Schulwerk Music and Movement Pedagogy is a contemporary music education philosophy, born out of the work of composer Carl Orff. Orff-Schulwerk has a holistic understanding in music education which is a combination of music, movement and language. Orff-Schulwerk enables the individual to develop his creative potential in group activities based on improvisation. Orff-Schulwerk's philosophy is that everyone can make music. With this understanding, everyone can take part in the Schulwerk lesson and have the opportunity for artistic expression of self without the distinction of gifted-talented, child-adult, and normal-developmental-disabled. As in many countries of the world, Orff-Schulwerk Pedagogy is used effectively in music education and preschool education in Turkey.In this study, in spite of the fact that it is a built-in structure, the human, artistic and pedagogical aspects of Orff-Schulwerk have been elaborated separately in order to better understand the approach. In the conclusion and discussion section, questions and problems about Orff-Schulwerk Music and Movement Education's place in Turkish Education System and adaptation to Turkish culture were shared.Extended English abstract is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetOrff-Schulwerk Müzik ve Hareket Eğitimi, besteci Carl Orff’un çalışmalarından doğan, çağdaş bir müzik eğitimi felsefesidir. Orff-Schulwerk, müzik, hareket ve dil ögelerinin birlikte kullanıldığı, doğaçlamalara dayanan, grup aktiviteleri içinde bireyin yaratıcı potansiyelini geliştirmesine olanak sağlayan bütüncül bir müzik eğitimi anlayışıdır. Orff-Schulwerk’in felsefesi herkesin müzik yapabileceği yönündedir. Bu anlayış sayesinde yetenekli-yeteneksiz, çocuk-yetişkin, normal gelişim gösteren-engelli ayrımı olmadan herkes Schulwerk dersi içinde yer alabilir ve kendini sanatsal olarak ifade etme olanağını yakalayabilir. Dünyanın birçok ülkesinde olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de Orff-Schulwerk Pedagojisi müzik eğitimi ve okulöncesi eğitiminde etkin bir biçimde kullanılmaktadır.İçiçe geçmiş bir yapı olmasına rağmen, bu çalışmada yaklaşımın daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için Orff-Schulwerk’in insani, sanatsal ve pedagojik yönleri ayrı ayrı ayrıntılı olarak irdelenmiştir. Sonuç ve tartışma bölümünde Orff-Schulwerk Müzik ve Hareket Eğitimi’nin Türk Eğitim sistemindeki yeri ve Türk kültürüne uyarlanması ile ilgili sorular ve sorunlar paylaşılmıştır.
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Xu, Pengfei, Julia Richter, Annette Blatz, et al. "Downregulation of ORP3 Correlates with Reduced Survival of Colon Cancer Patients with Advanced Nodal Metastasis and of Female Patients with Grade 3 Colon Cancer." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 16 (2020): 5894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21165894.
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Genome instability is an essential hallmark in tumor development, including colorectal cancer. We have recently identified the oxysterol binding protein-related protein 3 (ORP3), also known as oxysterol binding protein-like 3 (OSBPL3), as a novel ploidy-control gene, whose knock-out leads to aneuploidy induction and promotes tumor formation, indicating that ORP3 is a bona fide tumor suppressor protein. Here we analyzed expression of ORP3 in a cohort (n = 206) of colon cancer patients in relation to patient survival. We show that low ORP3 mRNA levels correlate with reduced survival of patients with advanced nodal metastasis (N2). While patient survival does not associate with grading when the whole cohort is evaluated, importantly, low ORP3 mRNA levels associate with worse survival of female patients with grade 3 colon cancer. Similarly, low ORP3 mRNA levels associate with worse survival of grade 3 colon cancer patients 70 years of age and younger while low ORP3 mRNA levels seem to be beneficial for colon cancer patients with a T2 tumor size. Together, the data show that ORP3 expression is downregulated during colon cancer progression, which correlates with reduced patient survival. Thus, ORP3 mRNA levels may be a prognostic marker for better stratification of colon cancer patients.