Academic literature on the topic 'Orphans – Institutional care'
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Journal articles on the topic "Orphans – Institutional care"
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Golden, Julia. "Institutional and Individual Orphaned Collections." Paleontological Society Special Publications 10 (2000): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200008947.
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“ORPHAN” IS AN incongruous word to apply to something dead for millions of years. But there is no better term to describe the state of an invertebrate paleontology collection whose guardian can no longer care for it. The numbers of specimens in invertebrate fossil collections do not set them apart from other natural history collections; however, add weight and volume, and it is obvious why adopting these orphans pose special problems. The workshop coordinators divided the discussion of orphaned collections into those held by industry and governmental agencies (see Allmon, Chapter 4, this volume) and those housed by institutions and individuals addressed here. Topics discussed at this session of the workshop included: the definitions of orphaned and endangered collections, why collections become orphans, which collections are most vulnerable, and what, if anything, can be done to prevent orphaned collections in the future. I have attempted to present an objective report of the discussions and proposed suggestions, but my bias as curator of a collection housed within an academic department may have crept in.
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Larin, A. N., and I. N. Konopleva. "Modern problems of orphans." Современная зарубежная психология 4, no. 2 (2015): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2015040201.
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The article analyses the foreign publications, concerning the main problems of children left without parental care. It provides international statistics on the number of orphans in the world. The article analyses the situation of orphans in Africa, whose parents died from AIDS, and specifies difficulties in life maintenance of such children. The article characterizes orphans living in institutional settings, and the impact of institutional education on the psychological wellbeing of these children. It also identifies some features of orphans living in hard circumstances.
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Hermenau, Katharin, Katharina Goessmann, Niels Peter Rygaard, Markus A. Landolt, and Tobias Hecker. "Fostering Child Development by Improving Care Quality: A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Structural Interventions and Caregiver Trainings in Institutional Care." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 18, no. 5 (April 12, 2016): 544–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838016641918.
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Quality of child care has been shown to have a crucial impact on children’s development and psychological adjustment, particularly for orphans with a history of maltreatment and trauma. However, adequate care for orphans is often impacted by unfavorable caregiver–child ratios and poorly trained, overburdened personnel, especially in institutional care in countries with limited resources and large numbers of orphans. This systematic review investigated the effects of structural interventions and caregiver trainings on child development in institutional environments. The 24 intervention studies included in this systematic review reported beneficial effects on the children’s emotional, social, and cognitive development. Yet, few studies focused on effects of interventions on the child–caregiver relationship or the general institutional environment. Moreover, our review revealed that interventions aimed at improving institutional care settings have largely neglected violence and abuse prevention. Unfortunately, our findings are partially limited by constraints of study design and methodology. In sum, this systematic review sheds light on obstacles and possibilities for the improvement in institutional care. There must be greater efforts at preventing violence, abuse, and neglect of children living in institutional care. Therefore, we advocate for combining attachment theory-based models with maltreatment prevention approaches and then testing them using rigorous scientific standards. By using approaches grounded in the evidence, it could be possible to enable more children to grow up in supportive and nonviolent environments.
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Shiferaw, Gemechu, Lemi Bacha, and Dereje Tsegaye. "Prevalence of Depression and Its Associated Factors among Orphan Children in Orphanages in Ilu Abba Bor Zone, South West Ethiopia." Psychiatry Journal 2018 (October 15, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6865085.
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Introduction. Orphans are the special group of children who are generally deprived and prone to develop psychiatric disorders even those reared in well-run institutions. These children and adolescents living as orphans or in stigmatized environments are vulnerable because of the loss of parent figures. The HIV/AIDS epidemic has contributed to a drastic increase in the number of orphans and vulnerable children and other causes in sub-Saharan Africa. However, little is known about the prevalence of depression and associated factors among orphanage children in areas such as Ethiopia. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among orphans in Ilu Abba Bor Zone orphanages, 2016. Methods. An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among orphan children in orphanages at Mettu and Gore. A total of 220 orphans were included from the two orphanages and make the response rate of 98.2%. Pretested semistructured questionnaire was used for interviewing the study participants. The collected data were coded, entered into EPI-INFO 7.0. Software, and exported to SPSS version 20 for statistical analysis. The strength of association between variables was assessed using crude and Adjusted Odds Ratio by running logistic regression and the cut-off point for declaring statistical significance was P- value <0.05 or 95% confidence interval which does not contain the null value. Results. A total of 216 orphan children were interviewed with response rate of 98.2%. The overall prevalence of depression was 24.1%. The mean age of participants was 14.2 years ± 9.90 SDs and range from 11 to 17 years. Sex [Adjusted Odds Ratio = 3.29, 95% CI (1.41, 7.46)]; age [Adjusted Odds Ratio=2.09,95% CI (3.7; 5.01)]; duration of stay in foster care [Adjusted Odds Ratio= 2.08 (1.01; 8.33)]; previous physical abuse [Adjusted Odds Ratio= 3.1 (2.1; 5.06)]; having medical illness [Adjusted Odds Ratio=1.94,95% CI (2.01;3.56)]; orphan status [Adjusted Odds Ratio=2.5,95% CI (1.62; 3.56)]; and suicidal tendency [Adjusted Odds Ratio= 4.8 (3.41; 9.03)] were independent predictors of depression among orphans in orphanages. Conclusion and Recommendations. Prevalence of depression was high among orphans and this finding suggests that screening for depression and mental and psychological care should be integrated into routine health care provided to orphans and that there is a further need to establish preventive measures against depression.
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Nsagha, Dickson S., Anne-Cécile ZK Bissek, Sarah M. Nsagha, Jules-Clement N. Assob, Henri-Lucien F. Kamga, Dora M. Njamnshi, Anna L. Njunda, Marie-Thérèse O. Obama, and Alfred K. Njamnshi. "The Burden of Orphans and Vulnerable Children Due to HIV/AIDS in Cameroon." Open AIDS Journal 6, no. 1 (October 19, 2012): 245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613601206010245.
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HIV/AIDS is a major public health problem in Cameroon and Africa, and the challenges of orphans and vulnerable children are a threat to child survival, growth and development. The HIV prevalence in Cameroon was estimated at 5.1% in 2010. The objective of this study was to assess the burden of orphans and vulnerable children due to HIV/AIDS in Cameroon. A structured search to identify publications on orphans and other children made vulnerable by AIDS was carried out. A traditional literature search on google, PubMed and Medline using the keywords: orphans, vulnerable children, HIV/AIDS and Cameroon was conducted to identify potential AIDS orphans publications, we included papers on HIV prevalence in Cameroon, institutional versus integrated care of orphans, burden of children orphaned by AIDS and projections, impact of AIDS orphans on Cameroon, AIDS orphans assisted through the integrated care approach, and comparism of the policies of orphans care in the central African sub-region. We also used our participatory approach working experience with traditional rulers, administrative authorities and health stakeholders in Yaounde I and Yaounde VI Councils, Nanga Eboko Health District, Isangelle and Ekondo Titi Health Areas, Bafaka-Balue, PLAN Cameroon, the Pan African Institute for Development-West Africa, Save the orphans Foundation, Ministry of Social Affairs, and the Ministry of Public Health. Results show that only 9% of all OVC in Cameroon are given any form of support. AIDS death continue to rise in Cameroon. In 1995, 7,900 people died from AIDS in the country; and the annual number rose to 25,000 in 2000. Out of 1,200,000 orphans and vulnerable children in Cameroon in 2010, 300,000(25%) were AIDS orphans. Orphans and the number of children orphaned by AIDS has increased dramatically from 13,000 in 1995 to 304,000 in 2010. By 2020, this number is projected to rise to 350,000. These deaths profoundly affect families, which often are split up and left without any means of support. Similarly, the death of many people in their prime working years hamper the economy. Businesses are adversely affected due to the need to recruit and train new staff. Health and social service systems suffer from the loss of health workers, teachers, and other skilled workers. OVC due to HIV/AIDS are a major public health problem in Cameroon as the HIV prevalence continues its relentless increase with 141 new infections per day. In partnership with the Ministry of Social Affairs and other development organizations, the Ministry of Public Health has been striving hard to provide for the educational and medical needs of the OVC, vocational training for the out-of- school OVC and income generating activities for foster families and families headed by children. A continous multi-sectorial approach headed by the government to solve the problem of OVC due to AIDS is very important. In line with the foregoing, recommendations are proposed for the way forward.
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Udovenko, Iuliia, Tetiana Melnychuk, and Julia Gorbaniuk. "Mentoring as an individual form of preparing orphans for independent living in Ukraine." Current Problems of Psychiatry 21, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cpp-2020-0016.
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Abstract Objective: The purpose of the study is to analyze and define the content, specifics, and procedures of social and psychological work with citizens who have expressed a desire to become mentors for orphans. Introduction: In Ukraine, there are more than 750 foundations of institutional care and upbringing of children, in which approximately 106,000 children live. Only 8% among them have the status of orphans and children deprived of parental care; the other 92% have parents, but due to some difficult life circumstances of parents or presence of special needs or disability in children, they cannot live or be brought up in the family. It means that 92% of children without the status of orphans or children deprived of parental care cannot be adopted or placed for living and upbringing to other forms of family placement (guardianship/care, foster family, family-type orphanage). Along with this, out of 8% of orphan children and children deprived of parental care, there are no opportunities to be accommodated in any family forms of upbringing the following children: teenagers and youngsters, brothers and sisters from families with many children, and children with disabilities. In such children, close emotional relationships with meaningful, constant adults, which is a vital necessity for their psycho-emotional development and well-being, have been lost or were not formed at all. Accordingly, the introduction of mentoring for orphans and children deprived of parental care who live in relevant institutions is motivated by the necessity to satisfy the need of every child in emotional support, assistance and protection by a significant, authoritative person, and friend. Methods: The study uses an experience which was gained during the realization of the project as the author-developer of the methodology of socio-psychological work with citizens and children concerning preparations for mentoring and training for both coordinators and mentors of the Mentoring Program in cooperation with specialists of the “One Hope” non-governmental organization; in the role of educator for the preparation of coordinators for the Mentoring Program implementation, as well as in the role of expert during the implementation of Mentoring Program by the community organization “One Hope” during the 2009-2016 period [1]. Also, authors participated in developing of the mentors preparing program over orphans and children deprived of parental care in order to receive approval at the state level. Results: Mentoring for orphans and children deprived of parental care residing in institutions has been implemented in Ukraine since 2009 by the “One Hope” (“Odna Nadia”) public organization in cooperation with the Kyiv City Children’s Service and the Kyiv City Center of Social Services for Families, Children and Young People. The project “One Hope” was launched in the city of Kyiv and the Kyiv region during 2009-2016. Since 2016, mentoring as an individual form of support and assistance for a child living in a residential institution has been introduced in Ukraine at the state level. Conclusions: If an orphan child or a child deprived of parental care is unable to live and being brought up in a family, then the mentor’s role in the life of this child is of paramount importance. This is due to the fact that such a form of individual support through mentoring will facilitate the preparation of every orphan child for independent living in the future.
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Thapar, Rekha, Meher Singha, Nithin Kumar, Prasanna Mithra, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Ramesh Holla, Vaman Kulkarni, B. B. Darshan, and Avinash Kumar. "Clinico-Epidemiological Profile of Children Orphaned due to AIDS Residing in Care Giving Institutions in Coastal South India." AIDS Research and Treatment 2019 (November 3, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4712908.
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Background. HIV/AIDS has a greater impact on children. Besides being orphaned by the untimely demise of one or both parents due to the disease, these children are more prone for discrimination by the society. Methods. In this cross-sectional study 86 children orphaned by AIDS residing in care giving institutions for HIV positive children in Mangalore were assessed for their clinico-epidemiological profile and nutritional status. Institutional Ethics Committee clearance was obtained before the commencement of the study. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 11.5 and the results expressed in mean (standard deviation) and proportions. BMI was calculated and nutritional status assessed using WHO Z scores (BMI for Age) for children between 5 and 19 years separately for boys and girls. Results. The mean age of the children was 13.2 ± 3 years. Majority (n=56, 65.1%) of the children were double orphans. Most of the children orphaned by AIDS (n=78, 90.7%) had a history of both the parents being HIV positive. The median CD4 count of participants at the time of our study was 853.5 (IQR 552–1092) cells/microliter. A higher percentage of orphans were malnourished compared to nonorphans. (41.1% vs. 36.7%). All the educational institutions, wherein the children orphaned by AIDS were enrolled, were aware about their HIV status. Five of the participants felt discriminated in their schools. Only two of the participants felt discriminated by their friends because of their HIV status. Conclusion. From our study we draw conclusion that even though the children orphaned due to AIDS are rehabilitated in terms of having shelter and provision of education and health care, much needs to be done in terms of improving the nutritional status of these children and alleviating the discriminatory attitude of the society towards them.
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Khoo, Evelyn, Sandra Mancinas, and Viktoria Skoog. "We are not orphans. Children's experience of everyday life in institutional care in Mexico." Children and Youth Services Review 59 (December 2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.09.003.
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VAN SOLINGE, HANNA, EVELIEN WALHOUT, and FRANS VAN POPPEL. "Determinants of institutionalization of orphans in a nineteenth-century Dutch town." Continuity and Change 15, no. 1 (May 2000): 139–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416099003392.
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Until late in the nineteenth century a considerable proportion of Dutch children had lost one or both parents by the time they reached adulthood. This was a consequence of low life expectancy, the high age at which reproduction started (partly due to late marriage) and high fertility within marriage. For the Netherlands in the period 1850 to 1900, the proportion of persons aged 20 or less who had lost one of their parents is estimated between 8 and 11 per cent; another 1 to 2 per cent had lost both parents. Despite the fact that orphanhood was a very common phenomenon in earlier centuries, little is known about how orphans in the past fared materially and psychologically, and our knowledge about the consequences of orphanhood, in particular full orphanhood, for the child is restricted. Only a general impression from diaries, letters, autobiographers and similar sources can be obtained. It is very difficult to acquire information on orphans – especially those outside institutions – from the customary demographic sources. Information on the effects of institutional care for orphans and their ‘institutional careers’ is also very limited, mainly as a result of the lack of good, individual-level data indicating the age, occupation or family background of inmates at the time of their admission or exit.
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Zaitov, Elyor. "PRIORITIES OF SOCIALIZATION OF GRADUATES OF INSTITUTIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN SOCIETY." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL STUDIES 7, no. 3 (July 30, 2020): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9556-2020-7-13.
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In this article, the author considered the issues of adaptation of graduates of institutional institutions to society, as well as their socialization. Using the focus group, which is one of the sociological methods, the graduates of the institutional institution are analyzed socio-economic, household-psychological problems arising in integration processes into society. In particular, it is based on the clear definition of the procedures and forms of placement of orphans and children without parental care in family and children's institutions, their placement in non-governmental family institutions, which are organized on the basis of a public-private partnership, and the formation of necessary social professional skills for children.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Orphans – Institutional care"
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Olivier, Andries J. "Effek van projektiewe narratiewe op kinders in kinderhuise se tekeninge van vrees." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3047.
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Thesis (MEdPsych (Educational Psychology)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.The study investigated the effect of using projective narratives and drawings that depict diminished fear, on the anxiety levels of a group of children living in children’s homes, by means of a mixed methodology. The sample consisted of 30 middle childhood children (mean age = 9.60 years, SD = 1.13) from three children’s homes in the Western Cape. Drawings were used to elicit content of fear or anxiety (anxiety evoking drawing/bangmaaktekening) and proposed coping (anxiety lessening drawing/bangwegvattekening). After completing the anxiety provoking drawing, participants in the experimental group were asked to tell a story to other children with a similar fear to lessen/take that fear away (projective narrative). The Spence Childhood Anxiety Scale (SCAS) was completed after each drawing, and drawings evaluated through the use of anxiety scales, to measure changes in anxiety levels according to the concept of triangulation. The categories ghosts, snakes, and people were found to be the most prevalent content of fear from anxiety provoking drawings, and undifferentiated fears were also common within this population. Control of anxiety from anxiety lessening drawings indicated a definite prevalence of emotion focused (secondary) coping strategies, specifically religious solace. The content of projective narratives echoed this finding, although proposed solutions were more differentiated. Ownership of projections also occurred. The experimental effect was not significant, although mean anxiety levels were considerably lower in the drawings in comparison with that of the SCAS. Drawings are thus seen as an effective, nonthreatening technique to study anxiety phenomena. A comparison of the mean item scores of the SCAS subscales indicated that symptoms of separation anxiety, generalised anxiety disorder, and obsessivecompulsive anxiety disorder were prevalent among this group of children in children’s homes. A clear distinction was found between markers of state- and trait-anxiety through the qualitative analysis of the drawings, with anxiety lessening drawings showing definite diminished state-anxiety, although more established markers of trait-anxiety did not necessarily change. There are also indications that transference of activated negative emotional stimuli occurred on an unconscious level between the two drawings. Introducing the combination of projective narratives in the intervention stage of the study appeared to facilitate learning or the experience of observed positive affect in anxiety lessened drawings. Future research would benefit from including a normative group to establish more clear markers of state- and trait-anxiety in drawings, and by the use of a bigger sample to investigate factor loadings of the SCAS among children in children’s homes. The high prevalence of anxiety symptoms in this population emphasises their status as a vulnerable population, and the need for possible group intervention – specifically the psycho-education of effective coping strategies for anxiety.
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Quesnel, Galván Lucia Beatriz. "An Orphanage in Mexico: Four United Nations' Human Rights of Children and Wolins' Prerequisites for Efficient Group Care Through the View of the Manager and Staff." PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3311.
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In Mexico there are officially 1.8 million orphaned children, without counting non-orphaned children deprived of family, who also need care; of these, only 657,000 are living in 703 orphanages. Mexico's government invests less than 2% of its budget toward protection of children. There is a lack of substantive research or official assessment of orphanages. According to the scant research found, the children's human rights most frequently violated in Mexican orphanages are the rights to nutrition and health care, to be protected from further victimization, to free expression and participation, and to not be exploited. This study was carried out through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with the manager and five staff members of a respected orphanage in Mexico. It aimed to determine how they attempt to fulfill the aforementioned rights, and how their work relates to six prerequisites for efficient group-care formulated by Wolins after his vast research on the matter. Results indicate that the staff members of this orphanage view their work as spirituality in action, becoming the children's family, caring for their health through special vegetarian nutrition. They teach the children that they are the masters of their own lives and happiness, and not to see themselves as victims. From results I also suggest well supervised facilities, coupling between staff and professionals to screen children's health; a vegetarian diet based on scientific research; children's participation in rules, learning about, from and for their human rights and the idea of children being masters of their life and happiness.
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Swart, Petra. "Die benutting van speltegnieke tydens maatskaplike gevallewerkintervensie met die kinderhuiskind." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2098.
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Thesis (M Social Work (Social Work))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.The purpose of this study is to develop a theoretical framework for social workers in children’s homes that may be used for play techniques during social casework intervention with a children’s home child. The influence that the placement in a children’s home has on the child, creates the context for this study. Specific behaviour- and emotional problems that exist within the child were identified and play techniques for the solving of these problems was described. The research was done based on an extensive literature study, which focused on the role and function of a children’s home, the needs, behaviour- and emotional problems of the children’s home child and the usage of a practice framework and play techniques by social workers. A combined qualitative and quantitative research method and an explorative and describing research design have been used in this study, since this combination resulted in reaching the goal of the study. The empirical research investigated the usage of play techniques by social workers during social casework intervention with a children’s home child. The overall sample consisted of the 23 children’s homes in the Cape Metropole where currently 31 social workers are employed. Semistructured questionnaires were used as an interview instrument with an availability test sample consisting of 18 social workers. In light of the findings derived from the literature study and empirical research, appropriate conclusions and related recommendations were made. The main conclusion of the study is that the participants use play techniques randomly and not in conjunction with a practice framework. The main recommendation of this study is that social workers should use play techniques during social casework intervention, based on a specific practice framework in order to assure responsiveness. Continuous education in this regard is the responsibility of each social worker working in a children’s home.
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Aubourg, Diana 1975. "Expanding the first line of defense : AIDS, orphans and community-centered orphan-care institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa : cases from Zambia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/63222.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-69).
This thesis is about expanding the "first line of defense" for children and families affected by AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. The overwhelming consensus among actors leading the fight against AIDS, ranging from USAID and UNICEF to local NGOs, is that extended families and communities are the "first line of defense" and will absorb the millions of children orphaned by AIDS. With this basic premise, the thinking follows that 1) families are almost always the best place for the child; 2) primary interventions should be centered on building the capacities of families to care for orphans and; 3) residential orphan care is the least desirable option for children because "orphan care institutions" are inherently "anti-community". I challenge this prevailing wisdom. I argue that this donor-driven approach, loosely termed "community based orphan care", is limited by, among other things, AIDS induced pressures on families and growing numbers of children disconnected from families (e.g. street children). Additionally, the approach imposes a false dichotomy between "the community" and "orphan care institutions". Drawing from case studies of three residential institutions caring for orphans and street children in Zambia, I deconstruct the common perceptions of orphan-care institutions. In particular, I challenge the characterization that they are isolated and disconnected from communities. My findings reveal a more complicated picture in which a subset of orphan care institutions share objectives and practices with the prevailing donor model of community-based orphan care - such as mobilizing local volunteers to care for orphans. I describe this neglected subset as "community-centered orphan care institutions" and explore the various ways in which they are embedded in and support communities. I assert that as the AIDS epidemic expands and the orphan crisis worsens, community-centered orphan care institutions must serve as key actors in expanding the first line of defense.
by Diana Aubourg.
M.C.P.
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Miller, Leanne R. "Understanding Attachment and Perceptions of Orphan Caregivers in Institutional Care in Kenya." Thesis, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3720289.
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This concurrent nested mixed methods study assessed institutional caregivers’ perception on their role as caregivers and caregivers’ attachment orientation in Kenya. Additionally, the study looked for a connection between attachment and perception. Participants were 15 female caregivers, 8 from a government institution and 7 from a nongovernment institution. Data from a semi-structured interview indicated that caregivers, regardless of attachment, were emotionally invested in the children’s wellbeing, felt a sense of duty, and stated their job was challenging but rewarding. ECR-R assessed attachment and found that attachment varied slightly between institutions. The most significant difference was between institutions with 4 secure caregivers in the nongovernment institution and only 1 secure caregiver in the government institution. A slight relationship between attachment and perception was found as all secure caregivers indicated they believed both physical and emotional needs of children were essential. Results indicate additional cultural studies on attachment and perception are warranted.
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Bubacz, Beryl M. "The Female and Male Orphan Schools in New South Wales, 1801-1850." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2474.
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Doctor of PhilosophyThis thesis is concerned with an examination and re-assessment of the establishment, operation and management of the Female and Male Orphan Schools, in the first half of the nineteenth century in New South Wales. The chaplains and governors in the early penal settlement were faced with a dilemma, as they beheld the number of children who were ‘orphaned’, neglected, abandoned and destitute. In order to understand the reasons why these children were in necessitous circumstances, the thesis seeks to examine the situations of the convict women, who were the mothers of these children. Governors Philip Gidley King and Lachlan Macquarie respectively in 1801 and 1819 established the Schools, which provided elementary education, training and residential care within a religious setting. Researching the motives underlying the actions of these men has been an important part of the thesis. An examination of the social backgrounds of some of the children admitted to these Schools has been undertaken, in order to provide a greater understanding of the conditions under which the children were living prior to their admissions. Information about family situations, and the social problems encountered by parents that led them to place their children in the Schools, have been explored. The avenues open to the girls and boys when they left the Schools, has formed part of the study. Some children were able to be reunited with family members, but the majority of them were apprenticed. A study of the nature of these apprenticeships, has led to a greater understanding of employment opportunities for girls and boys at that time. In 1850 the Schools were amalgamated into the Protestant Orphan School at Parramatta. By examining the governance and operation of the Schools during their last two decades as separate entities, we have more knowledge about and understanding of these two colonial institutions. It is the conclusion of this thesis that some of the harsher judgements of revisionist social historians need to be modified. It was the perception that more social disorder would occur if action was not taken to ‘rescue’ the ‘orphaned’ children, usually of convict parentage. However genuine charity, philanthropy and concern was displayed for the children in grave physical and moral danger. The goals of the founders were not always reached in the Orphan Schools, nevertheless they performed an invaluable service in the lives of many children.
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Delpeu, Marion. "Enfances, sida et religions en Inde du Sud : une ethnographie de la circulation des enfants séropositifs." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21862.
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L’enfant séropositif est récemment devenu un enjeu majeur des politiques de santé, qui articulent des acteurs aussi divers que l’Etat, les agences internationales, les ONG et les congrégations religieuses, et dont les desseins pour ces enfants sont l’objet de luttes de pouvoir, culturels, économiques et religieux.A travers une ethnographie d’une structure catholique d’accueil des sidéens située à Pondichéry, dans le sud de l’Inde, cette thèse a pour objectif d’examiner comment s’articulent au quotidien ces enjeux autour de la prise en charge et de la circulation de ces enfants, souvent orphelins, pauvres et de basse caste. Comment les constructions conflictuelles des images du sidéen prennent corps dans le quotidien des enfants et de leur circulation ? Comment ces enfants parviennent-ils à réinterpréter, à défier, à s’extirper des projets imposés dans un contexte structuré par l’issue, à la fois incertaine et indépassable, du VIH ?Une alliance inédite de Frères missionnaires occidentaux, principalement français, avec des Sœurs indiennes a donné naissance à un ashram catholique accueillant les sidéens et plaçant les enfants au cœur de projets éducatifs, médicaux et religieux divergents. Alors que la seconde intègre les enfants séropositifs au panthéon de la compassion aux côtés de la veuve et l’orphelin, la première recherche la conversion par l’éducation religieuse.Ces deux projets pour l’enfant séropositif cohabitent avec les enjeux multiples qui se nouent entre acteurs divers et les familles autour de l’encadrement des enfants. L’enfant séropositif, devenu l’étendard des valeurs propres aux différents acteurs, circule entre familles, institutions d’accueil et systèmes de santé, négocie des langues, des rapports à la maladie, aux soins, à l’éducation et à la religion dont les échelles locales, régionales, nationales et transnationales ne cessent de se croiserThe HIV positive child has recently become a major stake in health policies. The cultural, economic and religious projects and goals for those children are at the heart of struggles between actors as diverse as State, international agencies, NGO and religious organizations. Through the ethnography of a catholic ashram for HIV children located in Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, South India, this thesis examines the everyday struggles for the care and circulation of aids orphan, poor and from low castes. How does the making of the representation of HIV orphans take place in the everyday life of children and their circulation? How those children manage to re interpret, defy and cope with projects in a context shaped by the uncertain but inescapable fate of HIV?An alliance between western missionaries Brothers, mainly French, with Indian Sisters has given rise to a catholic ashram taking care of HIV people, with children at the centre of their educative, medical and religious projects. The second integrates HIV children into the compassionate pantheon besides the widow and the orphan, while the first aims to convert through religious education.Those two projects co exist with the multiples stakes that frame the care and the circulation of those children. The HIV orphans - the new flagship of actors involved in HIV domain - circulate between families, care centers and health structures and negotiate languages, conceptions of diseases, health care, education and religion, which intersect between local, regional and transnational scales
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Painter, Martha Jacoba. "Indiensopleiding van huisouers in kinderhuise." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10245.
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Mthiyane, Ncamisile Parscaline. "Orphans in an orphanage and in foster care in the Inanda Informal Settlement : a comparative study exploring the ways the children cope with loss and create purpose in their lives." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2014.
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The number of orphans in South Africa is reaching crisis levels. This is a cause for concern. Most of the deaths seem to be due to the HIV/AIDs pandemic. Children left orphaned have to develop coping strategies. The focus of this study is on the perceptions the orphaned children have of their lives, the attributions they make for events, and the ways they cope. Most importantly, the study is interested in how they cope with loss and then recreate meaning and purpose. To assist these children, it is important to understand their feelings and thoughts after loss, and how they manage to adapt to new environments. This is only possible by giving the children voice and to see life through their eyes. A sample of ten orphans was randomly selected from a list of schools and learners provided by the Department of Education. Adolescents were chosen because they are generally more articulate than younger children, about their emotions and experiences. Five orphans from an informal settlement orphanage in Inanda, and five from a secondary school in the same area were interviewed. A semi-structured interview schedule and diaries were used to collect data from the children. Discourse Analysis was the method used to construct meaning of the material generated. Because the interviews were conducted in the first language of the children, translation into English was necessary. The Appendices provide sample transcripts. Some of the findings of the study were surprising. For example, it was evident that several of the children preferred living in an orphanage to being with relatives, who had, in some instances, offered to foster them. Abuse, alcohol misuse and marginalisation were cited as reasons. The assumption of the researcher had been that family would always be the better option. It was also found that the informal fostering of orphaned children from extended families meant that government grants were not forthcoming. Financial stresses and strains frequently resulted in the maltreatment of fostered children. Poverty and crime in the informal settlement studied seem to bring added burden to children already traumatised by death and the forced moving of home. Another feature that was significant, is the number of fathers who were "absent" when fostering became necessary for the children. Either through force of circumstances or choice, fathers who were still living frequently did not play a part in their children's lives. The recommendations of the study focus on rectifying the anomalies just outlined. Schools, in particular, need to recognise their role in alleviating the daily plight of orphaned children. Academic achievement often redeems a life that is tenuous and painful because it creates the possibility of something better in the future. Through effort the children can take greater charge of their lives.Thesis (M.Ed.) - University of Durban-Westville, 2003.
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Rudd, Christina E. "Ouerbegeleidingskursus vir kinderhuisouers." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11391.
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M.A. (Social Work)The purpose of this study was to provide a parent education course specially tailored to the needs of the houseparent in a childrens home. The course is intended for utilization as part of the normal in-service training programmes of resident staff. Existing materials from a large number of sources were assembled and reintegrated into a course suitable for this purpose. The focal point of the course is improvement of the relationship between houseparent and child with a view to enabling the child to utilize opportunities for growth towards a positive self-concept, responsibility, self-reliance and self-confidence. The subjects covered in the course are as follows: motivation for in-service training of resident staff knowledge of the self and self-awareness statutory procedures which precede placement in a childrens home maternal deprivation and its effect on the child in residential care developmental theory a theory of behaviour and misbehaviour factors in the family situation.
Books on the topic "Orphans – Institutional care"
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University of Ghana. Centre for Social Policy Studies, ed. Where should we stay?: Exploring the options of caring for orphans and vulnerable children in Ghana. Legon [Ghana]: Centre for Social Policy Studies, University of Ghana, 2012.
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Bailey, Joanne. Orphan care: A comparative view. Sterling, Va: Kumarian Press, 2012.
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Penglase, Joanna. Orphans of the living: Growing up in care in twentieth-century Australia. Fremantle, W. A: Curtin University Book, 2005.
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We were not orphans: Stories from the Waco State Home. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2011.
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Widows and Orphans' Asylum (Toronto, Ont.). Report of the Managing Committee of the Widows and Orphans' Asylum for the care and maintenance of the destitute widows and orphans of the emigrants of 1847. [Toronto?: s.n.], 1987.
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Smagina, L. I. Sirotstvo kak sot︠s︡ialʹnai︠a︡ problema. Minsk: Universitėtskae, 1999.
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Sharing the lessons: Tanzania's National Orphans & Vulnerable Children (OVC) program under PEPFAR 1. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Pact Tanzania Office, 2009.
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O Gospodi, o Bozhe moĭ!: Pedagogicheskaia tragedii︠a︡. Sankt-Peterburg: Izd-vo Ivana Limbakha, 2005.
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Gray, Christine L., Sumedha Ariely, Brian W. Pence, and Kathryn Whetten. "Why Institutions Matter: Empirical Data from Five Low- and Middle-Income Countries Indicate the Critical Role of Institutions for Orphans." In Child Maltreatment in Residential Care, 379–400. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57990-0_18.
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Disney, Tom. "The Role of Emotion in Institutional Spaces of Russian Orphan Care: Policy and Practical Matters." In Children’s Emotions in Policy and Practice, 17–33. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137415608_2.
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Lynch, Gordon. "‘Australia as the Coming Greatest Foster-Father of Children the World Has Ever Known’: The Post-war Resumption of Child Migration to Australia, 1945–1947." In UK Child Migration to Australia, 1945-1970, 131–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69728-0_5.
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AbstractThis chapter examines the policy context and administrative systems associated with the resumption of assisted child migration from the United Kingdom to Australia in 1947. During the Second World War, the Australian Commonwealth Government came to see child migration as an increasingly important element in its wider plans for post-war population growth. Whilst initially developing a plan to receive up to 50,000 ‘war orphans’ shortly after the war in new government-run cottage homes, the Commonwealth Government subsequently abandoned this, partly for financial reasons. A more cost-effective strategy of working with voluntary societies, and their residential institutions, was adopted instead. Monitoring systems of these initial migration parties by the UK Government were weak. Whilst the Home Office began to formulate policies about appropriate standards of care for child migrants overseas, this work was hampered by tensions between the Home Office and the Commonwealth Relations Office about the extent to control over organisations in Australia was possible.
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Rymph, Catherine E. "Helping America’s Orphans of War." In Raising Government Children. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469635644.003.0004.
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This chapter examines the impact of World War II, which increased the need for foster care, decreased the supply of foster parents, and exacerbated tensions over women’s roles as workers, mothers, and caregivers. In an effort to meet wartime needs for foster parents, child welfare professionals turned to the rhetoric of war service to recruit foster families, celebrating foster mothers’ caregiving as part of the war effort. As was also the case for other women working in war industries, however, champions celebrated foster mothers’ motivations in traditionally feminine terms while often downplaying the very real economic considerations at play. The chapter examines the role of a program to temporarily place British children in American homes (administered by the US Committee for the Care of European Children) in further developing the American child welfare infrastructure. It also explores child welfare professionals’ opposition to institutional day care.
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Shang, Xiaoyuan, and Karen R. Fisher. "Children in alternative care." In Young People Leaving State Care in China. Policy Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447336693.003.0002.
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This chapter describes how family abuse and neglect are the main reasons that children are in alternative care. In China, due to the absence of an effective child protection system, very few children receive alternative care for these reasons. Most children who are orphaned live with extended family. If they become state wards, the child welfare institution tries to arrange adoption. Otherwise, the most common forms of alternative care are institutional care or foster care. The chapter shows the significance of how alternative care is organized as it affects the childhood experience of the young people and their future opportunities. The qualities of the alternative care that they encounter might contribute to their current and future social inclusion.
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Shang, Xiaoyuan, and Karen R. Fisher. "Social networks and the employment of young people leaving care." In Young People Leaving State Care in China. Policy Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447336693.003.0008.
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This chapter illustrates how most young people in Chinese state care become state wards as very young children and have disabilities. When they reach adulthood, many of them remain unemployed. Before the economic transitions in the 1980s, the government provided most of these young people with jobs when they became young adults, or they gained employment in welfare enterprises with tax concessions to employ people with disabilities. After the economic transition, however, many welfare factories reduced their employees or closed down, and state directives for job placement were dismantled. The chapter shows how job placement for young adult orphans has become a challenge for child welfare institutions, and a bottleneck for the support of new children entering state care.
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Kimaro, Lucy Rafael. "Gender and Elderly Care in Africa." In Handbook of Research on Multicultural Perspectives on Gender and Aging, 254–77. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4772-3.ch019.
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The aging population worldwide is growing very fast: 8.5% are aged 65 and over. This is expected to jump up to 17% by 2050, in Africa 4.5%, by 2030. The authors argue that the majority of elderly people depend on services provided by their families and religious institutions. Although the African culture encourages family members to respect and care for their elderly persons, this has not been the case due to economic challenges facing families. Many elderly men and women live in poverty. Women suffer more because of cultural beliefs and responsibilities to care for HIV AIDS orphaned grandchildren. The beliefs that associate elderly women with witchcraft lead to abuse and killing of innocent people. The authors highlight the challenges for religious institutions to give shelter and provide medical services. They struggle with limited funds to provide what elderly people need to protect their dignity. Elderly people need a lot of love and good care, and the lack of trained elderly care takers becomes a challenge.
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Kloes, Andrew. "The Awakening and New Religious Societies for Social Reform." In The German Awakening, 187–222. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190936860.003.0007.
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This chapter examines how the Awakening became a modern, popular religious movement through the foundation of hundreds of new religious voluntary societies to ameliorate the living conditions of those in poverty. Such efforts were related to awakened Protestants’ holistic understanding of evangelism, in which the physical needs of those in difficult circumstances had to be addressed in order to remove them as obstacles to their hearing of the gospel message. This chapter examines new societies and institutions that awakened Protestants created to provide care for the unemployed, orphans, and those in need of medical care. In particular, it analyzes the principal roles that Protestant women played in such new organizations. In establishing these new religious institutions to alleviate social problems, awakened Protestants rationalized the church’s historic task of charity by creating administrative bureaucracies to operate these new institutions.
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Goldberg, Ann. "Introduction." In Sex, Religion, and the Making of Modern Madness. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195125818.003.0004.
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In 1838, an indigent tailor arrived at the Eberbach asylum terrified, dazed, and repeatedly crossing himself. At home before his committal, Martin M. had become violent and been bound and beaten. He had experienced, as he later explained, “an irresistable urge to spit in people’s faces and hit them.” Now, during his eleven-month incarceration, he incessantly begged for “mercy” from the asylum physicians. Rituals of authority and submission were built-in features of doctor-patient relations in an institution where doctors wielded almost absolute power and where acts of submission were a necessity for any patient who wanted to leave the place. Curiously, Martin M. understood this fact in a language foreign to the medical designs of the asylum—a language (“mercy”) of the prisoner or penitent, of criminal justice or the church, not that of the patient. Martin M., it seems, felt he needed either divine salvation or judicial clemency, not medical treatment. The treatment of Martin M. in an insane asylum was an innovation of the nineteenth century. Just twenty-five years earlier, such a man would have been left at home to face the punishments of family and community or placed in one of the multifunctional work-, poor-, and madhouses that housed the castoffs of society—beggars, petty criminals, prostitutes, orphans, the insane, and the infirm. In contrast to these detention institutions, the new asylums of the nineteenth century contained only the mentally ill, with the aim of medically treating and rehabilitating them through methods that affected the mind. The birth of a new medical specialty and a new set of experts—the alienists, later known as psychiatrists—thus accompanied the founding of modern insane asylums in a movement that spread throughout Europe and North America beginning in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. As a result of these changes, masses of deviant and mentally ill people in the nineteenth century came to be incarcerated and subjected to new kinds of medical and psychological treatment (although their numbers remained limited in the first part of the century). We know that most of these people came from the lower classes; certainly such people made up the overwhelming majority of patients in public asylums.