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Journal articles on the topic 'Orphans – Services for – Zimbabwe'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Nhapi, Tatenda Goodman. "Socioeconomic Barriers to Universal Health Coverage in Zimbabwe: Present Issues and Pathways Toward Progress." Journal of Developing Societies 35, no. 1 (March 2019): 153–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x19826762.

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This article assesses Zimbabwean health services, using a social workers’ social development paradigm to analyze the dynamics of Zimbabwe’s Social Security program, focusing on universal health access for older persons, orphans, and vulnerable children. This article identifies the key factors that have done the most to shape health policy administration in the broader context of social policies and social security in Zimbabwe. The discussion is framed around the need for pro-poor social policies, social inclusivity, and the efforts to ensure universal health access. Despite numerous reports, newspaper op-eds and consultancy documents offering opinions on the state of social service delivery in the country, most critics lack empirical data and end up being very anecdotal as they critique the present system. The socioeconomic context of Zimbabwe is therefore analyzed here, with the best available statistical evidence provided, followed by assessment of social policy interventions. Current challenges to access health services are evaluated using a human rights-based social policy approach. The recent Zimbabwe Ministry of Finance-led consultative process crafted a 2016 document, the Poverty Reduction Strategies Papers (PRSPs), as an overall strategy for transforming the Zimbabwean health sector. The article concludes by recommending community-based health insurance approach as most appropriate intervention for ensuring health inclusivity and enhancing health for all in Zimbabwe.

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2

Muchacha, Munyaradzi, Charles Dziro, and Edmos Mtetwa. "The implications of neoliberalism for the care of orphans in Zimbabwe: Challenges and opportunities for social work practice." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 28, no. 2 (August 18, 2016): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol28iss2id227.

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The paper explores the implications of neoliberal social policies for the care of orphans in Zimbabwe and looks at the challenges and opportunities for social work practice in such a context. It is estimated that Zimbabwe is home to over 1 million orphaned and vulnerable children most of whom are being looked after by their relatives. As from 1991, Zimbabwe switched over from a “socialist” socio-economic policy trajectory to a neoliberal dispensation. This neoliberal policy regime entails the implementation of austerity measures such as severe cuts on social expenditures, the introduction of stringent means tested social safety nets and reduction of the civil service wage bill. This paper argues that this neoliberal policy regime negatively affects the care of orphans and access to services such as health and education. The reduction of expenditure on social services has also resulted in severe cuts on social work posts within the civil service leading to high caseloads and poor social work practice. The paper concludes by identifying and arguing for developmental social work practice as a social work strategy to challenge and address the implications of neoliberalism through strengthening the capacities of the kinship system, advocacy and contribution to the social policy making process

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3

Luseno, Winnie Kavulani, Lei Zhang, Bonita J. Iritani, Shane Hartman, Simbarashe Rusakaniko, and Denise Dion Hallfors. "Influence of school support on early marriage experiences and health services utilization among young orphaned women in Zimbabwe." Health Care for Women International 38, no. 3 (May 21, 2016): 283–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2016.1191494.

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4

Mushunje, Mildred T., and Muriel Mafico. "Social protection for orphans and vulnerable children in Zimbabwe: The case for cash transfers." International Social Work 53, no. 2 (March 2010): 261–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872809355385.

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The unprecedented number of orphans and vulnerable children in Zimbabwe has created an urgent need to create innovative ways to provide for the social protection of these children. Innovative packages consisting of educational, food and psychosocial support are being implemented by non-governmental organizations. However, as the orphan crisis continues to deepen, more needs to be done and, learning from the experiences of other countries, the option of cash transfers for social protection for orphans and vulnerable children offers an attractive option for Zimbabwe. This article explores the possibility of using cash transfers for the support of orphans and vulnerable children and highlights the challenges and strengths of this approach.

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5

Lee, Tim, Geoff Foster, Choice Makufa, and Sarah Hinton. "Families, orphans and children under stress in Zimbabwe." Evaluation and Program Planning 25, no. 4 (November 2002): 459–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0149-7189(02)00056-3.

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6

Alqahtani, Manal M. "A Proposed Program to Improve Quality of life for the Orphans at Social Care Homes." Journal of Educational and Social Research 11, no. 1 (January 17, 2021): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2021-0023.

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The present paper investigates the reality of services and quality of life of orphans, identifies the relationship between both variables, and proposes a program to improve the quality of life among the orphans at social care homes. The author developed and applied a questionnaire of the reality of services provided and a scale of quality of life to (100) orphans at social care homes in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The results showed low levels of services and quality of life among the orphans at social care homes. There was a positive correlation between those services and the quality of life among orphans. The paper recommends the adoption of the proposed program by decision-makers and specialists in the care and rehabilitation of the orphans to improve their quality of life. Moreover, the program should be an integral part of rehabilitation and education programs delivered to the orphans in the future. Received: 2 October 2020 / Accepted: 9 December 2020 / Published: 17 January 2021

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7

Kufakurinani, Ushehwedu, Dominic Pasura, and JoAnn McGregor. "Transnational Parenting and the Emergence of ‘Diaspora Orphans’ in Zimbabwe." African Diaspora 7, no. 1 (2014): 114–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18725465-00701006.

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This article explores the emergence of ‘diaspora orphans’ over the course of Zimbabwe’s crisis. The debates over this phenomenon reflect a range of real emotional and practical problems encountered by children and youth with parents abroad. But they also highlight the ambiguity of moral judgments of emigration and émigrés, and the crisis of expectation that assumptions of diaspora wealth have fostered within families and among those remaining behind. The negative stereotyping of ‘diaspora orphans’ reflects the moral discourse circulating within families, schools and society more broadly, which is revealing for the light it sheds on unfolding debates over changing parenting, gender, and extended family obligations as these have been challenged by crisis and mass exodus. The article furthers understanding of transnational parenting, particularly the perspectives of those who fulfil substitute parental caring roles for children left behind, and of the moral dimensions of debates over the role of money and material goods in intimate relationships of care for children. It adds a new strand to debates over African youths by focusing not on the problems created through entrapment by poverty, but on the emotional consequences of parents’ spatial mobility in middle class families where material resources may be ample. The article is based on interviews with adults looking after children and youths left behind (maids, siblings, grandparents and single parents), and the reflections of teachers and ‘diaspora orphans’ themselves.

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8

Mhaka-Mutepfa, Magen, Elias Mpofu, and Robert Cumming. "Impact of Protective Factors on Resilience of Grandparent Carers Fostering Orphans and Non-Orphans in Zimbabwe." Journal of Aging and Health 27, no. 3 (September 25, 2014): 454–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264314551333.

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9

Mangoma, Jaqualine F., Moses J. Chimbari, and Elmon Dhlomo. "An enumeration of orphans and analysis of the problems and wishes of orphans: the case of Kariba, Zimbabwe." SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS 5, no. 3 (September 2008): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17290376.2008.9724910.

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10

Nyamukapa, C. A., S. Gregson, M. Wambe, P. Mushore, B. Lopman, Z. Mupambireyi, K. Nhongo, and M. C. H. Jukes. "Causes and consequences of psychological distress among orphans in eastern Zimbabwe." AIDS Care 22, no. 8 (June 14, 2010): 988–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121003615061.

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11

Bernard Chemwei, Benson M. Nasongo; James Kay;. "Examining the Influence of Individual Guidance and Counseling Services on the Self-Efficacy of Children Living in Orphanages in Bungoma County." Editon Consortium Journal of Psychology, Guidance, and Counseling 1, no. 1 (August 25, 2019): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/ecjpgc.v1i1.88.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of individual guidance and counselling services on the self-efficacy of orphaned children living in orphanages in Bungoma County. The researcher adopted the ex-post facto research design. The population of the study was 2132 orphans in the 20 orphanages. 280 of the orphans in all the 20 orphanages were interviewed. One (1) caregiver and one (1) administrator (again per orphanage) were interviewed. Out of a total of 20 Children’s Homes in Bungoma County, the researcher purposively sampled 280 orphans that were interviewed. Questionnaires and interview schedules were used to collect data from the respondents who included the orphans, orphanages administrators and caregivers. The self-efficacy scale of 1-4 was converted to between 0-100. The data was prepared, coded and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Strict ethical considerations were observed during the study. The study established that there was a positive and significant relationship between self-efficacy of orphaned children and individual guidance and counselling services. The study’s recommendations were that the government should come up with policies to guide all the orphanages in Kenya, including the process of guiding and counselling. Every orphanage should also engage the services of a qualified guiding and counselling specialist for the orphans and should be paid well to avoid high turnover. Individual guiding and counselling services should be encouraged in orphanages as they are effective. They help the orphans open up and share challenges and enable them to solve serious life’s challenges.

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12

Thomson, Neil. "Emergency medical services in Zimbabwe." Resuscitation 65, no. 1 (April 2005): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2005.01.008.

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13

Pascoe, S. J. S., L. F. Langhaug, J. Durawo, G. Woelk, R. Ferrand, S. Jaffar, R. Hayes, and F. M. Cowan. "Increased risk of HIV-infection among school-attending orphans in rural Zimbabwe." AIDS Care 22, no. 2 (January 26, 2010): 206–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120903111528.

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14

Howard, Brian, Nelia Matinhure, Sheryl A. McCurdy, and Cary Alan Johnson. "Psychosocial disadvantage: preparation, grieving, remembrance and recovery for orphans in eastern Zimbabwe." African Journal of AIDS Research 5, no. 1 (May 2006): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16085900609490368.

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15

Imran, Yusida. "Permasalahan Anak Asuh dan Aplikasi Pelayanan Konseling Terhadap Mereka." Jurnal Konseling dan Pendidikan 1, no. 1 (February 28, 2013): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.29210/1200.

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The research is conducted by means of descriptive qualitative method. The subjects of this research all of the YAB orphans those are 25 children altogether. The research instruments are AUM-U 1,2 and 5, questionnaire as well as a documentation study. The data obtained are analyzed and described. The research findings show that (1) the problems that the orphans mainly face relate to their personal matters, career and jobs; (2) there are 9 types of counseling service that can be provided at YAB. However, those already provided service are information service and individual counseling service; (3) counseling services play significant roles in building the orphans’ self confidence, minimizing their psychological burden and solving their problems. Therefore, the writer recommends that the Foundation (YAB) utilize counseling services as one of the prioritized activities for handling orphans problems at YAB.

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16

Kang, M., M. Dunbar, S. Laver, and N. Padian. "Maternal versus paternal orphans and HIV/STI risk among adolescent girls in Zimbabwe." AIDS Care 20, no. 2 (February 2008): 214–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120701534715.

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17

James Kay, Benson M. Nasongo; Bernard Chemwei;. "Evaluating the Influence of Group Guidance and Counseling Services on the Self-Efficacy of Children Living In Orphanages in Bungoma County." Editon Consortium Journal of Psychology, Guidance, and Counseling 1, no. 1 (August 25, 2019): 20–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/ecjpgc.v1i1.86.

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The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of group guidance and counselling services on the self-efficacy of orphaned children living in orphanages in Bungoma County. The researcher adopted the ex-post facto research design. The population of the study was 2132 orphans in the 20 orphanages. 280 of the orphans in all the 20 orphanages were interviewed. One (1) caregiver and one (1) administrator (again per orphanage) were interviewed. Out of a total of 20 Children’s Homes in Bungoma County, the researcher purposively sampled 280 orphans that were interviewed. Questionnaires and interview schedules were used to collect data from the respondents who included the orphans, orphanages administrators and caregivers. The self-efficacy scale of 1-4 was converted to between 0-100. The data was prepared, coded and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Strict ethical considerations were observed during the study. The study established that there was a positive and significant relationship between self-efficacy of orphaned children and group guidance and counselling services. The study‘s recommendations for policy was that the government should come up with policies to guide all the orphanages in Kenya, including the process of guiding and counselling. Recommendations for practice were that group guiding and counselling services should be encouraged in orphanages as they create confidence among orphans. By way of confiding into each other, they realise that they have shared challenges, and this builds their resilience.

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18

Alam, Fakhre, Shakeel Ahmad, and Abida Bano. "Jirga and Dispensation of Social Welfare Services: A Case Study of Mohmand Tribal District, Pakistan." Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 4, no. 1 (December 8, 2020): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/4.1.20.

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This paper examines Jirga's role in providing social welfare to marginalized (poor and orphans) and persons with disabilities in Tribal Districts of Pakistan. In Pakistan's tribal districts, due to lack of written laws and deficiencies in formal social welfare structure, Jirga has also got a contour of informal welfare institutions for rendering services to society's downtrodden poor, orphans, and persons with disabilities. This research uses a case study approach and engages qualitative methods for data collection and data analysis. A total of 23 qualitative in-depth individual interviews and focused group discussions are used, while data is analysed thematically. The study investigates "whether Jirga provides social protection to the poor, orphans, and persons with disabilities in selected case study." The findings reveal that due to absence of efficient and responsive formal social welfare system, vulnerable segments of tribal districts mostly depend on Jirga's indigenous welfare practices for their social protection. Jirga is cost-effective, sympathetic, inclusive, and cares for the needs of vulnerable segments in the selected case. However, Jirga's benevolent role and its efficiency have been somewhat affected by colonial legacies, militancy, etc. The welfare being provided to poor, orphans, and persons with disabilities by Jirga has also been significantly reduced.

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19

Patrin, Mikhail A., Tat’yana A. Novohackaya, Ivan S. Grigorev, and Grigory A. Revazyan. "Possibilities for solving the problems of social adaptation of orphants with the help of information resources." RUDN Journal of Informatization in Education 16, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8631-2019-16-2-185-193.

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The problem and the goal. Informatization and computerization of society has affected almost all types of human life, including the scope of receiving and providing services. The rarity of online shopping at the beginning of the 21st century has become something commonplace that many people face almost every day, and some of them don’t remember the last time they stood in line at the cash register. Drastic changes have affected other types of services, such as banking services, services for registration, the provision of documentation and so on. Every day, a huge number of services becomes available remotely, and users who are faced with this every day easier to adapt to new conditions. Russia is one of the countries in the list of 10 countries actively using the electronic method of providing services. One of the most used types of electronic resources are services providing services related to the payment of taxes and fines, enrollment of children in kindergarten, obtaining banking services, etc. [17]. For some people living in social isolation, it may be difficult to use the designated information resources. For example, for students in closed educational institutions, such as orphanages, boarding schools and other similar organizations. In such institutions, students for the most part of their time are isolated from society and cannot be active participants in all processes taking place in society [14]. The use of an information service that can act as an aggregator of electronic services and accompanying information to them can contribute to the information adaptation of orphans. Methodology. Consideration of the problem of information adaptation and the reasons for its occurrence in orphaned children allowed to build the necessary conditions for its solution, such as: attracting specialists with experience in helping social adaptation of orphans, development of an information service corresponding to the declared functionality, approbation of the information service to help in the information adaptation of orphans. Results. During the consideration of the problem, the topics of the information service sections were determined and their content with information content was planned. As a result, a work plan was developed, and the most pressing issues were identified. Conclusion. The developed strategy for solving the problem of information adaptation of orphans can help with further development and testing of the designated service, as well as its implementation in the work of specialists in social adaptation of orphans.

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20

Nyamukapa, Constance, and Simon Gregson. "Extended family's and women's roles in safeguarding orphans’ education in AIDS-afflicted rural Zimbabwe." Social Science & Medicine 60, no. 10 (May 2005): 2155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.10.005.

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21

FOSTER, G., C. MAKUFA, R. DREW, S. MASHUMBA, and S. KAMBEU. "Perceptions of children and community members concerning the circumstances of orphans in rural Zimbabwe." AIDS Care 9, no. 4 (August 1997): 391–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713613166.

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22

Zagheni, Emilio. "The Impact of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic on Kinship Resources for Orphans in Zimbabwe." Population and Development Review 37, no. 4 (December 2011): 761–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2011.00456.x.

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23

Owen (nee Watts), Helen, Constance Nyamukapa, Michael Beasley, Mainford Wambe, Matthew Jukes, Peter Mason, and Simon Gregson. "Contrasting causal pathways contribute to poorer health and nutrition outcomes in orphans in Zimbabwe." Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies 4, no. 4 (November 16, 2009): 312–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17450120903039977.

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24

Mashamba, Alethea, and Elsbeth Robson. "Youth reproductive health services in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe." Health & Place 8, no. 4 (December 2002): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1353-8292(02)00007-2.

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25

Huffstadt, Saskia. "A Review of Psychiatric Services in Zimbabwe." World Federation of Occupational Therapists Bulletin 21, no. 1 (January 1990): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14473828.1990.11785209.

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26

Mcpake, Barbara, and Charles Hongoro. "Contracting out of clinical services in Zimbabwe." Social Science & Medicine 41, no. 1 (July 1995): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(94)00303-b.

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27

Ntuli, Busisiwe, Ephodia Sebola, and Sphiwe Madiba. "Responding to Maternal Loss: A Phenomenological Study of Older Orphans in Youth-Headed Households in Impoverished Areas of South Africa." Healthcare 8, no. 3 (August 10, 2020): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8030259.

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The aim of this study was to explore how older orphans in youth-headed households (YHHs) experience and respond to maternal death and to examine the strategies they employ to care for their younger siblings. We interviewed 18 older orphans who were purposively selected from YHHs located in informal settlements in the City of Tshwane, South Africa. After the death of their mothers, the orphans lost the family home, lost support from their relatives, lost friendships, lost educational opportunities, and lost childhood. The orphans experienced prolonged pain, sadness, anxieties, fear, loneliness despondency, and deep-rooted and persistent anger towards their mother for dying. They suffered from prolonged bereavement because they had been denied the opportunity to mourn the loss of their parents and yearned persistently but silently for their dead mothers. Dropping out of school to seek employment in order to care for their siblings was one of the main coping strategies that older orphans used. However, dropping out of school early robbed them of their future goals of getting an educational qualification. The orphans had not been prepared for taking on an adult role and were given no support or counselling to help them recover from their parents’ death. Continuous grief counselling should form an integral component of the psychosocial support services that are provided to orphans soon after the death of a parent.

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28

Cornman, H., J. Smolow, S. Shumba, and A. Mpungu. "Working to strengthen orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) service provision by building capacity of local Zimbabwean partners." Annals of Global Health 81, no. 1 (March 12, 2015): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2015.02.829.

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29

Nyawasha, Tawanda Sydesky, and Crispen Chipunza. "An Assessment of Psychosocial and Empowerment Support Interventions for Orphans and Vulnerable Children in Zimbabwe." Journal of Human Ecology 40, no. 1 (October 2012): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2012.11906519.

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30

Madziva, Cathrine, and Martha Chinouya. "‘This word volunteer is killing us’: Making sense of volunteering in social welfare provision for orphans and vulnerable children in rural Zimbabwe." International Social Work 60, no. 5 (November 12, 2016): 1126–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872816672518.

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This qualitative study explored how volunteers delivering social welfare to orphans and vulnerable children through a community initiative supported by donors made sense of volunteering during a period of hyperinflation in Zimbabwe. Findings confirm that volunteering in Africa is influenced by a normative value system embedded in Ubuntu. Volunteering emerged as contradictory given the contextual prevalence of the social obligation discourse rather than individual choice as embedded in the European sense of voluntarism. Volunteering masked the cost of participation, thereby potentially making poverty worse for the poor in a context without a formal welfare system.

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31

Mtengwa, Bonnie Batsirai, Agripah Kandiero, and Stanislas Bigirimana. "Drivers of Mobile Money Services Development in Zimbabwe." International Journal of E-Business Research 17, no. 1 (January 2021): 42–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijebr.2021010104.

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This study sought to identify the drivers of mobile money services development in Zimbabwe using Ecocash as a case study. Through purposive sampling, respondents were selected from financial institutions, regulatory bodies, customers, and agents. The research showed that in Zimbabwe the development of mobile money services is influenced by several factors such as a high mobile telephone penetration rate, a high number of unbanked people owing to poor access to traditional banking services, a lower level of internet penetration levels, customer awareness of the service because of aggressive branding, security and ease of use, and a dense networks of agents. Fast technology diffusion was also a factor that influenced the fast adoption of mobile money services in Zimbabwe. More research is needed to assess the impediments in countries where the adoption of mobile money services has not been as spectacular as in Zimbabwe or Kenya.

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32

Myronyuk, Ivan S., Gennadiy O. Slabkiy, Nataliya O. Kabatsiy, and Lesya V. Levko. "DYNAMICS OF THE NUMBER OF PERSONS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS LIVING IN ZAKARPATTIA OBLAST, UKRAINE." Wiadomości Lekarskie 73, no. 6 (2020): 1261–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202006135.

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The aim: To study and analyze indicators of the number of persons with special needs living in Transcarpathian region of Ukraine: disabled persons, orphans and children deprived of parental care. Materials and methods: National statistical reports on the disability of the population, the number of orphans and children deprived of parental care for the period 2010- 2019. Statistical method was applied in the course of study. Results: Analysis of the dynamics of the number of persons with special needs in Transcarpathian region for the period 2010-2019 showed an increase of the number of disabled persons by 27% with 75415 persons, 6826 disabled children, 2125 orphans and children deprived of parental care. The number of orphans and children deprived of parental care residing in the region have a tendency to reduce and in the year 2019 equals to 2125 orphans and children deprived of parental care.This requires improving of the system of social and medical care for persons with special needs for adults with the formation of a system of provision of services in accordance with the actual needs of the population with the maximum approximation of the service to the place of residence of the client with the maximum use of opportunities of the united territorial communities. Conclusions: The growth of the number of persons with special needs in Transcarpathian region and directly of the persons with disabilities with the tendency to reduce the number of orphans and children deprived of parental care is established.

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33

Abas, Melanie, O. Lovemore Mbengeranwa, Iris V. Simmons Chagwedera, Patricia Maramba, and Jeremy Broadhead. "Primary Care Services for Depression in Harare, Zimbabwe." Harvard Review of Psychiatry 11, no. 3 (January 2003): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10673220303952.

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34

Mlambo, Tecla, Nyaradzai Munambah, Clement Nhunzvi, and Ignicious Murambidzi. "Mental Health Services in Zimbabwe – a case of Zimbabwe National Association of Mental Health." World Federation of Occupational Therapists Bulletin 70, no. 1 (November 1, 2014): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/otb.2014.70.1.006.

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35

Wagner, Andreas. "HIV and AIDS-related Stigma and Transnational NGO Support to Orphans and Vulnerable Children in Zimbabwe." Transnational Social Review 1, no. 1 (January 2011): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21931674.2011.10820696.

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36

Chitiyo, Morgan, Darlington M. Changara, and George Chitiyo. "Providing psychosocial support to special needs children: A case of orphans and vulnerable children in Zimbabwe." International Journal of Educational Development 28, no. 4 (July 2008): 384–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2007.05.009.

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37

Chitimira, Howard, and Elfas Torerai. "The Nexus between Mobile Money Regulation, Innovative Technology and the Promotion of Financial Inclusion in Zimbabwe." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 24 (June 29, 2021): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2021/v24i0a10739.

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The advent of mobile money innovations has given people in rural areas, informal settlements and other poor communities an opportunity to participate in Zimbabwe's mainstream financial economy. However, the technology-driven money services have presented some challenges to the traditional banking sector in general and the regulation of financial services in particular. Firstly, most mobile money services are products of telecommunication corporations, which are not banks. Telecommunication companies use their network reach to provide mobile money services via mobile devices at a cheaper cost than banks across the country in Zimbabwe. As such, banks face unprecedented competition from telecommunications companies that are venturing into financial services. It also appears that prudential regulation of banks cannot keep up with the fast pace at which technological innovations are developing and this has created a disjuncture between the regulation and the use of technological innovations to promote financial inclusion in Zimbabwe. The Banking Act [Chapter 24:20] 9 of 1999, the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Act [Chapter 22:15] 5 of 1999 and the National Payment Systems Act [Chapter 24:23] 21 of 2001 have a limited scope in terms of the regulation of mobile money services in Zimbabwe. The Ministry of Finance and Economic Development launched the National Financial Inclusion Strategy (NFIS) 2016-2020 to provide impetus to the financial inclusion of the poor, unbanked and low-income earners in Zimbabwe. However, the NFIS appears to push more for bank-led financial inclusion than it does for innovation-driven initiatives such as mobile money services. This article highlights the positive influence of mobile money services in improving financial inclusion for the poor, unbanked and low-income earners in Zimbabwe. The article also seeks to point out gaps and flaws in the financial services regulatory framework that may limit the potential of mobile money services to reach more people so that they actively participate in the Zimbabwean economy. It is submitted that the Zimbabwean mobile money services regulations and the financial regulatory framework should be carefully amended in line with the recent innovations in mobile money to adequately regulate the use of mobile money services and innovative technology to address the financial exclusion of the poor, unbanked and low-income earners in Zimbabwe.

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Makanyeza, Charles. "Determinants of consumers’ intention to adopt mobile banking services in Zimbabwe." International Journal of Bank Marketing 35, no. 6 (September 4, 2017): 997–1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-07-2016-0099.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of consumers’ intention to adopt mobile banking services in Zimbabwe. Design/methodology/approach A survey of 232 bank customers was conducted in Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe, using a structured questionnaire with Likert-type questions. Customers were randomly intercepted as they walked out of five major banks. Structural equation modelling, independent-samples t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to test research hypotheses. Findings The study found that perceived usefulness, perceived self-efficacy, social influence, relative advantage and perceived compatibility all have a positive effect, whilst perceived risk has a negative effect on behavioural intention to adopt mobile banking services in Zimbabwe. Perceived ease of use, facilitating conditions, perceived complexity, perceived trialability, awareness-knowledge and demographic factors (gender, age, education and income) did not significantly influence behavioural intention to adopt mobile banking. Perceived ease of use was found to positively influence perceived usefulness, while perceived self-efficacy was found to have a positive effect on perceived ease of use. Behavioural intention was found to positively influence usage of mobile banking services in Zimbabwe. Research limitations/implications Data were collected from bank customers in Chinhoyi, one of the emerging towns in Zimbabwe. Future research should be expanded to include other major cities in Zimbabwe and other countries. More similar studies should be conducted to test the factors identified in literature in different contexts and markets and on other innovations. Practical implications The study advises banks to pay particular attention to perceived usefulness, perceived self-efficacy, social influence, relative advantage, perceived compatibility and perceived risk when designing new mobile banking services. Originality/value There is not a unified position regarding factors influencing mobile banking adoption. Factors vary with contexts, markets, time and types of innovations. The study tested some major factors identified in literature in the context of Zimbabwe.

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Chitiyo, George, and Morgan Chitiyo. "The Impact of the HIV/AIDS and Economic Crises on Orphans and other Vulnerable Children in Zimbabwe." Childhood Education 85, no. 6 (September 2009): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00094056.2009.10521399.

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Barugahara, Florence. "Financial Inclusion in Zimbabwe: Determinants, Challenges, and Opportunities." International Journal of Financial Research 12, no. 3 (February 4, 2021): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v12n3p261.

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Financial inclusion is a highly topical issue for policymakers since inclusive finance is viewed as a channel of social and economic development. Therefore, this paper seeks to ascertain and examine the determinants, challenges, and opportunities for financial inclusion in Zimbabwe. The research is done by examining existing literature and estimating Logit and Probit models. This paper finds that, the major determinants of financial inclusion in Zimbabwe are; gender, age, education, income levels, employment status, the cost of financial services, account opening requirements, and level of trust in the financial system. Challenges to financial inclusion in Zimbabwe include; financial illiteracy, lack of formal identification documents, lack of trust in the financial system, fragile economy, rural poor and gender inequality, and high transaction costs of financial services. However, mobile money services such as Eco-cash, Tel-cash, and One-money have proved an opportunity for inclusive finance in Zimbabwe. Furthermore, the establishment of the women’s Bank of Zimbabwe is one of the strategies to enhance inclusive finance for women in Zimbabwe. The simplified KYC requirements for low-income groups and the financial inclusion strategy commissioned by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe are hoped to promote financial inclusion. This paper recommended that to make finance inclusive, the government should develop policies that target marginalized groups such as the elderly, rural population, low-income earners, females, and the unemployed. The government should also develop a strong consumer protection regulatory framework, promote financial literacy, reduce the transaction cost of financial services and encourage the use of accounts with simplified KYC requirements to ease documentation needs.

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Nyazema, Norman Z. "The Zimbabwe Crisis and the Provision of Social Services." Journal of Developing Societies 26, no. 2 (June 2010): 233–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x1002600204.

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Historically, health care in Zimbabwe was provided primarily to cater to colonial administrators and the expatriate, with separate care or second-provision made for Africans. There was no need for legislation to guarantee its provision to the settler community. To address the inequities in health that had existed prior to 1980, at independence, Zimbabwe adopted the concept of Equity in Health and Primary Health Care. Initially, this resulted in the narrowing of the gap between health provision in rural areas and urban areas. Over the years, however, there have been clear indications of growing inequities in health provision and health care as a result of mainly Economic Structural Adjustment Policies (ESAP), 1991–1995, and health policy changes. Infant and child mortality have been worsened by the impact of HIV/AIDS and reduced access to affordable essential health care. For example, life expectancy at birth was 56 in the 1980s, increased to 60 in 1990 and is now about 43. Morbidity (diseases) and mortality (death rates) trends in Zimbabwe show that the population is still affected by the traditional preventable diseases and conditions that include nutritional deficiencies, communicable diseases, pregnancy and childbirth conditions and the conditions of the new born. The deterioration of the Zimbabwean health services sector has also partially been due to increasing shortages of qualified personnel. The public sector has been operating with only 19 per cent staff since 2000. Many qualified and competent health workers left the country because of the unfavourable political environment. The health system in Zimbabwe has been operating under a legal and policy framework that in essence does not recognize the right to health. Neither the pre-independence constitution nor the Lancaster House constitution, which is the current Constitution of Zimbabwe, made specific provisions for the right to health. Progress made in the 1980s characterized by adequate financing of the health system and decentralized health management and equity of health services between urban and rural areas, which saw dramatic increases in child survival rates and life expectancy, was, unfortunately, not consolidated. As of 2000 per capita health financing stood at USD 8.55 as compared to USD 23.6, which had been recommended by the Commission of Review into the Health Sector in 1997. At the beginning of 2008 it had been dramatically further eroded and stood at only USD 0.19 leading to the collapse of the health system. Similarly, education in Zimbabwe, in addition to the changes it has undergone during the different periods since attainment of independence, also went through many phases during the colonial period. From 1962 up until 1980, the Rhodesia Front government catered more for the European child. Luckily, some mission schools that had been established earlier kept on expanding taking in African children who could proceed with secondary education (high school education). Inequity in education existed when the ZANU-PF government came into power in 1980. It took aggressive and positive steps to redress the inequalities that existed in the past. Unfortunately, the government did not come up with an education policy or philosophy in spite of massive expansion and investment. The government had cut its expenditure on education because of economic and political instability. This has happened particularly in rural areas, where teachers have left the teaching profession.

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Frost, Peter G. H., and Ivan Bond. "The CAMPFIRE programme in Zimbabwe: Payments for wildlife services." Ecological Economics 65, no. 4 (May 2008): 776–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.09.018.

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Sebola, Ephodia, Busisiwe Ntuli, and Sphiwe Madiba. "Maternal AIDS Orphans and the Burden of Parenting in Youth-headed Households; Implications for Food Security in Impoverished Areas of South Africa." Open Public Health Journal 13, no. 1 (April 24, 2020): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502013010144.

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The increasing number of AIDS orphans has led to an increase in child and youth headed households. Adjusting to the parenting role with no support from their extended family is a source of distress for orphans heading households. This study explored the parenting experiences of orphaned youth heading households in resource constraints environments. Methods: The participants were purposely selected from Youth-Headed Households (YHHs) located in informal settlements in the City of Tshwane, South Africa. The data analysis was inductive and followed the thematic approach. Results: Thirteen females and five males aged between 15-24 years were interviewed. The phenomenon of YHHs occured in impoverished informal settlements partly due to orphans being forcefully removed from their parents’ homes after the death of their mothers. The household heads felt morally obliged to care for their siblings, experienced parenting as burdensome, and the role adjustment from being a child to a parent difficult and demanding. The inability to provide adequate food to feed their siblings was a source of emotional stress. In an attempt to fulfil their parenting roles, they dropped out of school to find employment. Conclusion: Although the child support and foster grant are widely recognised for improving children's access to food, education, and basic services in South Africa, the lack thereof contributed to the economic hardships and vulnerability to food insecurity and hunger among orphans in YHHs. There is a need for multi-sectoral interventions to address food insecurity and, in so doing, improve the psychosocial wellbeing of orphans in YHHs.

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Mangena, Tendai, and Sambulo Ndlovu. "Reflections on how Selected Shona and Ndebele Proverbs Highlight a Worldview that Promotes a Respect and/or a Violation of Children’s Rights." International Journal of Children’s Rights 22, no. 3 (October 27, 2014): 660–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718182-02203003.

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This paper sets out to demonstrate that though the un Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) is the most widely accepted Human Rights Convention and Zimbabwe is one of the 193 states acceding to the treaty, there are still challenges in the promotion of children’s rights. Irrespective of the fact that human rights discourse is believed to be a modern concept and its universal application is contested, this paper also demonstrates that children’s rights have always been moral imperatives for both the Shona and Ndebele of Zimbabwe since time immemorial, as shown in their proverbs. Nevertheless, it is also imperative there were some beliefs that, if considered in the modern sense of the human rights paradigm, promoted the violation of some children’s rights. The following discussion shows that children’s autonomy is not culturally a Shona or Ndebele concept, and is often not realized in these cultures even if Zimbabwe adheres to the Convention of the Child’s Rights that stipulates that the child be viewed and treated as an autonomous being. In both Shona and Ndebele traditional cultures, as expressed in their proverbs, parents have an obligation to offer protection to their children. This paper also demonstrates the cultural ambivalence in two specific aspects of child care: the beating up of children as a discipline factor and the raising up of orphans.

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Hoang, Huong T., Trang T. Nguyen, and Jerry F. Reynolds. "Buddhism-based charity, philanthropy, and social work: A lesson from Vietnam." International Social Work 62, no. 3 (April 13, 2018): 1075–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872818767257.

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Private and public social services, including social work centers, are limited to disadvantaged Vietnamese people, such as orphans and people with HIV/AIDS. Buddhism-based organizations (BBOs) have been acknowledged as an avenue to extend social services in Vietnam. This article reviews the social service system and BBOs in Vietnam using secondary data and findings from an empirical study on Buddhist charitable giving. A proposed model linking BBOs to social work centers seeks to improve the efficacy and effectiveness of service delivery.

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Manase, Wilson T. "Grassroots Education in Zimbabwe: Successes and Problems Encountered in Implementation by the Legal Resources Foundation of Zimbabwe." Journal of African Law 36, no. 1 (1992): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300009694.

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Zimbabwe has a population of almost ten million people of which approximately 80 per cent, are poor and live in the rural areas. The majority of the rural population lack formal education and are ignorant of their rights. They have no access to legal services as most of the country's lawyers are based in the urban areas. Even if legal practitioners were accessible to them, they would not be able to pay for their services. Thus, they are liable to exploitation.Since independence, the changes in Zimbabwe law have been rapid, farreaching and progressive. In the absence of any co-ordinated mass education campaign on their meaning and implications, or consultation with those to be affected before enactment, there has been a great deal of adverse reaction to new legislation, especially where it has safeguarded or equalised the rights of women. For the community, the effect has been chaos. Traditional structures, known and well-understood means of communication, and culturally entrenched roles have been transformed and replaced by a new order.The Legal Resources Foundation (LRF), an autonomous charitable and educational Trust, was established to meet the need to improve the accessibility of legal and information services to all sections of the population. It was formed following a regional workshop on legal aid which was held at the University of Zimbabwe in February 1984 and against the background of there being just 400 lawyers in Zimbabwe at the time, all of whom were urban based.

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Pines, Eula W., Maureen Rauschhuber, and Sarah Williams. "Health Connections." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2006): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v4i4.1987.

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Nearly half of Zambia's population is under 15 years old, with an estimated 630,000 “AIDS orphans,” children who’s parents have died from HIV/AIDS, and are now left to survive without complete families. Zambian caregivers of these AIDS orphans have been overwhelmed with the task of providing grief counseling services to these children. Nursing professionals at the University of the Incarnate Word responded to the professional development needs of grief counselors in Zambia, and launched Health Connections in 2004-2006. Health Connections is a cross-cultural grief education program designed to educate caregivers in a rural Zambian village on how to help grieving children. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the process of assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation of the Health Connections “train-the-trainers” program.

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Kurebwa, Jeffrey. "Adolescent Sexual Reproductive Health Services in Bindura Urban of Zimbabwe." International Journal of Patient-Centered Healthcare 9, no. 2 (July 2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijpch.2019070101.

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This study seeks to understand the capacity of adolescent-friendly reproductive health services (AFRHS) in promoting sexual reproductive health (SRP) among adolescents in Bindura Urban of Zimbabwe. The data collection methods used allowed the researcher to get insight on adolescents' experience and the factors associated with their accessing SRH services from AFRHS, the meaning of AFRHS for adolescents, healthcare providers' attitudes towards adolescents seeking SRH services, and community perceptions and readiness to accept AFRHS. The findings showed that both socio-cultural and health facility factors influence utilisation of SRH services. Many of these factors stem from the moral framework encapsulated in socio-cultural norms and values related to the sexual health of adolescents and healthcare providers' poor value clarification. This study provides an empirical understanding of the reasons and factors associated with SRH service utilisation, which goes much deeper than program provision of AFRHS in Zimbabwe.

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Bloom, Gerald. "Two Models for Change in the Health Services in Zimbabwe." International Journal of Health Services 15, no. 3 (July 1985): 451–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/kv70-akeg-y1je-klne.

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The health situation in pre-Independence Zimbabwe was much as elsewhere in the Third World. While the majority suffered excess mortality and morbidity, the affluent enjoyed a health status similar to that of the populations of developed countries. The health services also showed the familiar pattern, with expenditure concentrated on sophisticated facilities in the towns, leaving the rural majority with practically no services at all. With the coming of Majority Rule, the previous pattern of controlling access to facilities on the basis of race could not continue. Two broad routes forward were defined. On the one hand, the private doctors, the private insurance companies, and the settler state proposed a model based on improving urban facilities, depending on a trickle-down to eventually answer the needs of the rural people. On the other hand, the post-Independence Ministry of Health advocated a policy of concentrating on developing services in the rural areas. The pattern of the future health service will depend on the capacity of the senior health planners and on the enthusiasm of front-line health workers but, of overriding importance will be the political commitment to answer the needs of the majority and the outcome of the inevitable struggle for access to scarce health sector resources.

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Dehne, Karl L., and J. Hubley. "Health education services in developing countries: the case of Zimbabwe." Health Education Research 8, no. 4 (1993): 525–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/8.4.525.

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