Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Orphelinat'
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Han, Ling. "La vie psychique et sociale des enfants dans les orphelinats chinois." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00685103.
Full textRadeva, Hadjiev Vera. "The Impact of the European Union on the transformation of child protection policies : a study of Bulgarian deinstitutionalization reform (1989-2015)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0017/document.
Full textIn the 1990’s Bulgaria had one of the highest numbers of abandoned children with living parents among European member states. Our question of departure was how the European Union membership has changed the post-communist heritage of institutional care and we focus on the transformation of orphanages through the deinstitutionalization reform. Furthermore, this doctoral research compares the development of the Bulgarian deinstitutionalization reform to the British one, and offers an insight into the role of the European Union in the transformation of social policies of child protection. The terrain of the research is Bulgaria and the United Kingdom, and their systems of child protection from 1989 to 2015
Ning, Ling Han. "La vie psychique et sociale des enfants dans les orphelinats chinois." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05H001/document.
Full textMy research aims to psychic and social life of children in Chinese orphanages. These children are often abandoned because of their disability. They are placed as a result of the failure of their parents following a death, pauperism, imprisonment, or the difficulties they face leading to the abandonment of the child. I wonder how these children in Chineseorphanages will organize themselves socially and psychologically to deal with the double trauma: abandonment and placement. To test the effects of emotional deprivation crossed with the abandonment and institutionalization, an exploratory research, which consists of field observation and interviews with three nurses is carried out in two Chinese orphanages. And then, the data collection was conducted with 16 children from 7 to 12 years with the methodological tools: the interview with children, drawing and testing stories. The analysis of data collected is based on three vectors that underlie the organization of the psychic life of an individual : self-representation, representation of his relationship with others, defense mechanisms implemented. The presentation of results is divided into two parts: comprehensive study of data (comprehensive study of the interviews, comprehensive study of the drawings, comprehensive study of the test stories) and case studies (7 cases among the samples are selected for in-depth studies). The results show that these children have deficiencies in self-representation which are detected by the self-esteem damaged and negative feelings, deficiencies in their relationship with others of the order of pathology of the link, and to deal with their situation, some children may enter into a process of resilience which is observed by the defense mechanisms they use or by reference to a guardian of resilience
Gaudrie, Caroline. "De la colonie agricole de Gaston de Montjous à l'institution Saint François Xavier-Don Bosco (1857-1960) : étude de la population scolaire et du fonctionnement d'un orphelinat catholique en Gironde." Bordeaux 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR30043.
Full textThe following enquiry intends to study the various aspects of the life and working of a catholic orphanage over one hundred years. First called agricultural colony, then orphanage, later penitentiary, apprenticeship centre, the saint francois xavier school belongs to the local catholic life as soon as 1857. The individual records study of the school population (more than six thousand) and of the different archives enables us to know certain social group better through a period which was rich in changings. Besides, it enables to follow the evolution inspired by a confessional spirit at a time when society and its institutions were becoming more and more laicized
Clerc, Laurent. "Les médicaments orphelins en France : état des lieux thérapeutique et réglementaire." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P130.
Full textMolina, Geneviève. "Médicaments orphelins en médecine tropicale." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2M072.
Full textPeter, Mathieu. "Les orphelinats du Tarn sous la Troisième République." Toulouse 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU10051.
Full textOrphanages first appeared in the third part of the 19th century following the drastic changes operated in public assistance of children. These charities belonged to the religious revival prior to the revolution, and were characterized by the advent of Social Catholicism, the growth of religious communities and the protestant movements of 'Réveil'. An orphanage was a special charitable establishment both of private and denominational nature, which welcomed and educated children from deprived family situations. These structures defined orphans on a larger scale, including cases in which the absence of the parents was not only due to death. No laws defined or provided for orphanages ; this institution did not have a specific judicial regime, but borrowed its components from the others. The heterogeneous ensemble thus obtained created a specific regulatory framework bu default, which was mostly inspired by public power (association, foundation, and congregation). The project of a legal frame for orphanages did not appear before the Third Republic. The monitoring of private establishments of charity stemmed from the radicalization of anticleral struggle. The modalities and growth of state control in orphanages in the Tarn department will be examined in the following research
Ragot, Blandine. "Les médicaments orphelins : à l'aube d'une reconnaissance en Europe." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P064.
Full textBernon, Valérie. "Les médicaments orphelins : implications des malades, des médecins et des autorités dans un projet commun de réglement européen." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2P016.
Full textGaillard, Betty. "Autorisations temporaires d'utilisation et médicaments orphelins : aspects juridiques et pratiques." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2P076.
Full textRetournard, Bernadette. "L'assistance à Chaumont en Bassigny au XVIIIe siècle." Dijon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987DIJOL022.
Full textPoor relief in Chaumont in the 18th. Century was the concern of many of the inhabitants and religions communities. The relief provided gives of the extent of destitution at this time ; -the poverty of unemployed fathers of families, due to economic crises. -sickness. -destitution of orphan children and abandoned babies, of whom a great number died in the first year of their life. Relief was provided in four ways : -spiritual support, provided by the chaplain of the hotel dieu during his visits. -medical help, provided free of charge by hospitalers : doctors, surgeons and sisters of charity. During the serious epidemic of 1741, the doctors residing in the town united in their efforts to halt the spread of illness. The latest methods were employed and experimented, such as inoculation against small-pox. As much as possible, by royal decree, the practitioners struggled against tabous ans spread their learning abroad, after receiving instruction themselves by specialists. This was the cas for midwives. -distribution of food by the charitable ladies' guild, who chose ten poor people each week and gave them help. Exceptionally, during serious grain shortages, the town assumed responsibility for the suppying of the markets througt the intermediary of a subsistance office. -the foundation of a charity workhouse in 1770-1771 gave work to the ablebodied, to help to feed their families during the winter and early spring. This help, providing work under state financing, was an idea that was greatly devloped by ministers at the end of the 18th. Century. The revolutionaries continued the voluntary work while recommending state responsibility for all the destitute. The different institutions in Chaumont carried on : the hotel dieu became the public hospital, the charity office became the welfare board. Abandoned children were taken under the wings of the public assistance, and girls from the country districts went to midwifery classes
Flammant, Cécile. "Approche démographique de l'orphelinage précoce en France." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H055/document.
Full textThe orphans (children, teenagers and young adults who have lost one or both parents by death) do not have any specific status in France and there is no estimation of their number in the national statistics. Using three data sources (The household introductory module ; 1999 et 2011 Family surveys ; Civil registration data), we estimate that around 600 000 youths aged under 25 are orphaned in France in 2015, which represents 3% of this age group. Three orphans out of four have lost their father but their mother is alive. The proportion of orphans has fallen since 1999 : this trend fits the trends in adult mortality, however the rise of parents’ age at birth has cancelled some part of the effect of the decline in adult mortality upon the proportion of orphans. The social differences in the risks of becoming an orphan before age 25 are bigger among fatherless children than among motherless children. While in the collective imagination, an orphan is a child deprived of both parents and living in an orphanage, this thesis shows that in the early 21st century the situation of the orphaned children (aged under 18) is far from this image from the past centuries. Most of the orphaned children have a surviving parent and live with him, in a one-parent family or in a stepfamily. The families with orphaned children have a slightly higher risk of having a low standard of living compared with the families without orphaned children, and this can be explained by the fact that those families have a lower socioeconomic status
Ramirez-Castro, Julia. "Les enfants en institution en Bolivie : projets, pratiques éducatives et modalités adaptatives." Paris 10, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100012.
Full textComparative study of the social behavior of two groups of Bolivian children: those living in institutions and those living with their parents. Three types of analyses were undertaken : an evolution of the effects of living conditions, an analysis according to sex, and finally, a study of adult educational practices
Obayda, Zaynab. "L'enfance orpheline et la défaillance parentale dans les romans de Dickens : le génie stylistique de l'écrivain engagé." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN21027.
Full textCourbot, Leo. "Metaphor, Myth and Memory in Caribbean Literature : the Work of Fred D'Aguiar." Thesis, Lille 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL30031.
Full textThe present dissertation proposes a study of Fred D'Aguiar's complete verse and prose works, through the triple lens of myth, metaphor and memory, and from within a broad, inclusive, and cross-cultural understanding of Caribbean literature. Beginning with an exacerbation of metaphor's hypomnesic relationship to mythology and Western metaphysics, the argument expands to address issues such as that of the relationship between word and world, and elaborates a cross-cultural, and geographically-based understanding of metaphor as tropicality. Tropicality in turn gives the argument its thrust, as it allows, in the first half of the dissertation, for a singular reading of Fred D'Aguiar's entire verse corpus, which is also shown, in the process, to intersect with a vast body of literature, ranging from Roman antiquity to American-Caribbean magic(al) realism and from British romanticism to the philosophy of Jacques Derrida. The second half of this research work explores D'Aguiar's novels in terms of orphanhood, as all the protagonists of his six novels – itself a genre which, presenting itself as newness, denies filiation – are orphans. Divided in two chapters, the second half of this dissertation begins with a problematization of the links that relate textuality to orphanhood and orphanhood to slavery, but also slavery to literacy, in order to study Fred D'Aguiar's novelistic accounts of slavery. It then proposes a reflection on the supernatural, Orphic qualities of D'Aguiar's orphan characters, and of their relation to the environment, which leads, in turn, to reflections on the Orphic traditions pervading literary history, and opens up onto the ecocritical dimensions of contemporary literature, through the tentative coinage of the notion of vatic environmentalism
HANESSE, VAN-HECKE BERNADETTE. "Les medicaments orphelins : le modele americain." Nancy 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN11254.
Full textVerdon, Quentin. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle des transporteurs lysosomaux orphelins." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS144/document.
Full textWithin lysosomes, about sixty different hydrolases degrade macromolecules. This degradation is dependent on the acidity of the lysosomal lumen, which pH ranges between 4.5 and 5.0. The lysosomal pH is maintained by the v-ATPase, a proton pump. Lysosomal degradation generates catabolites, which can be recycled to cytosol by secondary active transporters: lysosomal transporters.The dysfunction of lysosomal proteins leads to lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), rare inherited metabolic diseases characterised by accumulation of material inside lysosomes. Depending on the mutated gene, symptoms of LSDs vary greatly, although about half of LSD patients display some kind of neurodegenerative symptoms. Studying the physiopathology of LSDs has led to a good understanding of the function of lysosomal enzymes, but the knowledge of lysosomal transporters remain poor, since only a few LSDs has been shown to be linked with a mutation in a lysosomal transporter gene.I focused on two proteins which dysfunction causes a special type of LSDs: CLN3 and CLN7. Mutations in CLN3 and CLN7 cause neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), a special type of LSD which has mostly neurodegenerative symptoms and which is characterized by the accumulation of a specific pigment inside lysosomes: lipofuscin. There are fourteen NCL genes, but CLN3 and CLN7 are the two only proteins of the family which are resident proteins of the lysosomal membrane, suggesting they might be transporters.Amino acids were screened as possible substrates for CLN7, but none could be shown to be transported. For CLN3, the content in metabolites of lysosomes from Cln3-deficient mice and from WT mice were compared by mass spectrometry, revealing a specific decrease in the amount of catabolites of proteins in lysosomes from Cln3-deficient mice. This suggested a lack of lysosomal proteolysis, which was checked in neurons, in primary fibroblasts and in immortalized fibroblasts. These results suggested that CLN proteins could take part to a metabolic pathway important for lysosomal proteolysis and, more generally, for neuronal health. These results could help improve the understanding of the early steps of NCL physiopathology.To extend the number of candidates for lysosomal transporters, I took part to the validation step of an extensive proteomic study of the lysosomal membrane, which revealed forty-six new candidates for lysosomal transporters. I studied in more details TMEM104, SPINSTER, MFSD1, SLC37A2, TTYH3 and SNAT7. Proteins were overexpressed in HeLa cells to check for lysosomal localization. Then, their putative sorting motifs were mutated to misroute their expression to plasma membrane and to enable their functional study. No function could elucidate for the first five candidates.SNAT7 could not be misrouted to plasma membrane either, but, since it belonged to a family of transporters for glutamine, its function was studied by an indirect assay based on a lysosomal overload in amino acids and a direct transport measure on lysosome-enriched cellular fractions. Thus, SNAT7 was shown to be a lysosomal transporter selective for glutamine and asparagine.The function of SNAT7 is the nutrition of cancer cells was then studied. Many cancer cells use glutamine as their main source of carbon, nitrogen and energy. Because of insufficient blood supply, they use macropinocytosis to uptake extracellular proteins, which degradation in lysosomes generates glutamine. Then, glutamine is recycled to the cytosol. SNAT7 was shown to be critical in this process: in glutamine-dependent cancer cells, when SNAT7 expression is reduced, cells cannot obtain glutamine from extracellular proteins. Thus, blocking SNAT7 is a promising approach to target specifically the metabolism of cancer cells
Robin-Romero, Isabelle. "Les établissements pour orphelins à Paris, XVIe-XVIIIe siècles." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040201.
Full textAmong all categories of children, orphans have seldom been studied and the sources which would substantiate such research are extremely fragmented. This study's first purpose is to depict the orphan's condition, from a demographic and legal point of view. Then, it will focus on the possibilities that were available to them: being raised by a foster family, wandering around the city or resorting to organized assistance. However, the study is centered around assistance and education establishments in Paris from the sixteenth century to the eighteenth century. It aims at answering three major questions: should sending children to such institutions be equated with abandoning them? Are the charitable institutions of the time to be considered as mere orphanages, in the modern sense of the word, that is to say as institutions in charge of the collective education of parentless children? How much did they do for the children they had in their care? Institutions for orphaned children first appeared in Paris in the sixteenth century, at a time when hospitals started specializing, and they were abolished during the French Revolution which ushered in the "assistance publique" system, the strict centralized organization of the country and the separation between homes and hospitals. Between the sixteenth century and the eighteenth century, there were about ten such institutions and they formed a consistent group although each of them kept its own "identity". They insisted on being distinguished from "hopitaux-généraux" and on protecting their residents, legitimate children who still had relatives or abandoned children whose origins were uncertain. Durable ties built up between, on the one hand the institution and the orphan who became its ward and on the other hand the relatives and the administrators of the institutions who worked hand in hand. The relationship between the orphan and his kin endured and invalidates the theory of disguised abandon. In fact, the means implemented were more sizeable than those brought into play in bigger assistance homes. Not only were there fewer children but they were better taken care of and the material conditions were satisfactory thanks to the building up of a sound real estate property. Finally, administrators were concerned about preparing their wards for the future: school education, housework and vocational training were the three main aspects of this education
Rigal, Loïc. "Le droit des médicaments orphelins en Europe." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB179.
Full textResearch in the field of diseases without an existing treatment is governed by several requirements defined by the European legislator in Regulation (CE) No 141/2000 of 16 December 1999 on orphan medicinal products. Patients with rare and neglected diseases have the right to "the same quality of treatment as other patients" which means taking the necessary incentives to stimulate research, development and bringing to the market of appropriate medications". It is a "priority area". After designating the drugs concerned, the European Union wants to "avoid the dispersion of limited resources", in particular by promoting "cross national co-operation". In a teleological approach, this research analyses the positive law endeavouring to implement the objectives of Orphan Drug Law. It describes the effects of European legislation without ignoring the receipt of this law by the Member States. Theoretical foundations that can ensure a better performativity of the law, as well as concrete proposals to conform the positive law to the intention of the legislator and to the stakeholders' wills are proposed. By focusing solely on the leverage of intellectual property rights, this special and incentive law does not seem to be able to provide patients with many of the expected treatments. Competition regulation and setting of the price which is a national competency perpetuate a high profitability threshold, often withholding research projects from reaching the development phase. Access to orphan drugs remains very limited. A paradigm shift in the construction of this law appears necessary in order for a favorable economic model to emerge. The profit of the industry's pharmacists should no longer depend on the conquest of market shares, but on the value of their inventions for unmet health needs
Gnangui, Judicaël. "Statut et dynamique du personnage de l'orphelin dans le roman francophone d'Afrique subsaharienne." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00968888.
Full textBarraud, Emilie. "Kafala et migrations : l’adoption entre la France et le Maghreb." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10068.
Full textTazibt, Karima. "Etude du récepteur nucléaire stéroïdien ERR en complexe avec ADN et ligands par une approche de biologie structurale intégrative." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ114/document.
Full textNuclear receptors regulate expression of important genes involved in development and homeostasis in eukaryotic cells. While some of them are regulated by the binding of a natural ligand, others, like ERR, are orphan and don’t have any natural ligand identified up to now. ERR binds to ERRE response elements through its DBD on promoter regions of genes and its activity can be modulated by the binding of synthetic antagonist ligands. By an integrative structural biology approach, my thesis work consisted in the study of the structural organization of ERR to understand the antagonism mechanisms induced by the inverse agonist XCT-790, and the adopted topology upon binding to DNA. My project focused on the study of the modular domains DBD and LBD complexes with DNA and ligand and extended to the functional study of the whole receptor. Thanks to significant biochemical work, I set up the purification protocols for these proteins and characterized by biophysics the stability and stoichiometry of the DNA and ligand complexes. This work revealed that XCT-790 binds on each LBD monomer with high affinity and that the DBD interacts to an ERRE as a monomer. Many crystallization trials led to crystals for the LBD and DBD complexes that diffracted respectively up to 3.5 Å and 7 Å of resolution but no structure could be determined. These results allow to conclude that the DBD is monomeric on the ERRE and IR3 and appears to be dimeric on the combined response element ERRE/ERE. The topology adopted by ERR on DNA is guided by the ligand binding and might be the consequence for an allosteric communication between the modular domains. These results provide the basis for a future structure determination of the full ERR by X-ray crystallography and cryo electron microscopy
Gazeau, Anne. "Développement en milieu hospitalier d'un médicament orphelin : de la naissance du projet au dossier d'autorisation de mise sur le marché." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2P078.
Full textDecourt, Nadine. "La vache des orphelins : nouvelles pratiques interculturelles du conte." Paris 13, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA131010.
Full textThe folktale, by its crossculturality itself, is a preferential tool for mediation between school and immigrant families. The type 450 (according to the international type-index of aarne and thompson), "little brother and little sister", very present in the maghreb culture an particularly in the kabyle one, intitled "the orphan' cow" , gave rise to a collecting work, in which children in primary and secondary schools were involved. The collected versions have been compared. Works od rewriting, making of a playing-book : a movment is born, changing relations with writing. In this respect, working about a tale and its variants could perhaps evolve a new folktale culture, with a free use of roots and cultural openings. It paves the way to pedagogical practices within reach of all children, even through they are in difficulties, and whatever their origins, and offers most of them, through comparatism, a true way to literature
Zudini, Claudia. "L'artiste "orphelin" : stratégies d'autonomie dans l'écriture d'Alberto Savinio." Paris 8, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA083723.
Full textThis dissertation will provide a critical approach to the literary works of Alberto Savinio from the perspective of his assertion of an ideal « orfanismo ». In spite of the various references to the ancient literary tradition present in his works, this term refers to Savinio’s will to reject his literary fathers and to establish his own identity as an author. We have explored this notion by looking at strategies of narration ("Angelico o la notte di maggio"), of intertextuality ("La casa ispirata", "Angelico o la notte di maggio", "La nostra anima", "Emma B. Vedova Giocasta"), and linguistic strategies used in the texts ("Hermaphrodito", "La nostra anima", « Scendere dalla collina », « Mia madre non mi capisce », "Tragedia dell’infanzia")
Ennya, Mohamed. ""L'être" orphelin dans l'oeuvre romanesque de Carlos Droguett." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT5005.
Full textLiterary, social historical reading of the orphan of the orphan as seen in the novels of the chilean author carlos droguett. Through a variegated corpus : short stories, novels and essays, the orphan theme is expressed in an autobiographical writing in which the individual experience of orfandad is projected onto the charactersz. Around the maternal pole, our study has analysed the figure of the mother as a missing object and, around the paternal pole, the anonymous presence of the father as source and model of the social organisation. The father is represented by diverse institutions which persecute any person calling into question the orderly fonctioning of society. Opposed to this allopwerful order is raised the specter of the criminal who assassinates in order to save man from gratuitous violence. The social-historical cause of christianity as an ideology of domination and tyranny grounted in the mythical ethos of christ is denounced by carlos droguett's works in an apocalyptical vision of history
Hajj, Mariana. "Le récepteur orphelin GPR158 : fonction et partenaires protéiques." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON1T009.
Full textG protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) are known to form the largest family of cell communication proteins, and to participate to all functions of the body, making them high potential therapeutic targets. However, lots of these proteins are still orphan receptors, for which no ligand, neither function have been described, although some could be of very high interest, like GPR158, a class C orphan GPCR. The seven transmembrane domain (7TM) of this orphan receptor was related to class C GPCR (GPR158 and GABAB share 20% sequence identity in the TM core region) but its N-terminal domain was not homologous to the typical Venus Flytrap (VFT) known to bind the ligands in most of class C receptors. Which suggests that GPR158 has developed different ligand binding mode. GPR158 is expressed mainly in the brain. Interestingly, the expression of this receptor has been found in many cells and tissues to be potentially regulated in pathological conditions, of which 50% are cancerous diseases. We thus intended to decipher its cellular function and partners, to understand its potential physiological and physiopathological roles. Initially, our goal was to determine the functionality of GPR158, and the possible signaling and cellular mechanisms it was involved in, by looking for some constitutive activity for this orphan GPCR, in the absensce of any ligand. Curiously, we could not detect any G protein coupling, like constitutive G protein stimulation by overexpression of wild type, mutated, truncated and chimeric receptors. This despite the residues of intracellular loops and TM domain, important for the G protein coupling and for the activation of other GPCR, which are conserved in GPR158. This suggests that GPR158 in itself might not have a signalization, and thus it would regulate the activity of other GPCR. Alternatively, GPR158 would have an original way of signaling to be discovered with more sophisticated techniques.Then, we tried to understand the role of three VCPWE specific motifs that we have identified at the long C-terminal (C-ter) domain of GPR158. These motifs are well conserved among different species and thus would play important functional roles. Therefore, we have shown that the third motif indeed binds G protein alpha o subunit, likely in active state. Interestingly, we have also shown that RGS7 that deactivated alpha o, interacts constitutively with the C-terminal domain of GPR158 upstream of VCPWE motifs. Thus, RGS7 would regulate the alpha subunit association with GPR158. Hence, GPR158 would act as a signaling regulatory platform, controlling G protein pathways by binding active alpha subunit and RGS7. This would be of great importance as a local signaling regulatory mechanism. Finally, to better understand the function and possible signaling pathways of GPR158, a proteomic analysis of multi-protein complexes built around the C-ter domain of GPR158, was conducted. After purification of the orphan receptor and its associated proteins by immunoprecipitation, the identification by mass spectrometry of GPR158 interacting proteins led to the identification of six potential new partners. Among them, four proteins, p53, PPM1G, SGT1 and SIRT1, are regulators of the p53 tumor suppressor protein widely known for its role as a transcription factor that regulates the expression of stress response genes, and two proteins, SIRT1 and TRIM58 are involved in cellular aging process. Therefore, GPR158 could be involved in transcription, cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, proliferation, apoptosis, tumorigenesis and cell aging
Olivier, Marcelle. "Les prépositions orphelines en français : effacement ou absence de complément?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24183/24183.pdf.
Full textOlivier, Marcelle. "Les prépositions orphelines en français : effacement ou absence de complément? /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Québec : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi ; Université Laval, 2006. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textLa p. de t. porte en outre: Mémoire présenté à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi comme exigence partielle de la maîtrise en linguistique. Ce mémoire a été réalisé à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi dans le cadre du programme de maîtrise en linguistique de l'Université Laval offert par extension à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi. CaQCU Bibliogr.: f. [219]-226. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
Krause, Jens-Uwe. "Witwen und Waisen im römischen Reich /." Stuttgart : F. Steiner, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35730114v.
Full textBibliogr. p. [255]-277 (1° vol.), [297]-322 (2° vol.), [275]-293 (3° vol.), [129]-141 (4°vol.). Index.
Legaut, Jean-Philippe. "Protéger ou condamner : histoire des "orphelinats roumains" de Nicolas Ceausescu à l'Union Européenne (1965-2007)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H087.
Full textThis thesis examines the organization and the functioning of the Romanian orphanages from 1965 to 2007. These institution, as organized by the law of 1970, were meant to foster vulnerable children, the placement of which was made necessary by the disastrous demographic and socio-economic politics of Nicolae Ceausescu’s regime. More often than not, these institutions, supposed to protect underage children placed under their care, caused their loss. We rely on the archives of many children houses and on the testimonies of former placed children; this thesis recounts the daily life of the children of the State, which, being denied access to a parallel economic network, suffered without escape the harshness of the conditions of socialist life. Some of them, deemed handicapped and unable to recover, found their deaths in the foyers-hospitals. The revolution of 1989 plunged the country into a prolonged chaos, of which children of the orphanages (literally, presumed or declared) were the first victims, especially through the international market/exchange of adoptions. The improvement of the chiId protection system was one of the conditions imposed by European Union to Romania in order to juin the Union; the Romanian government undertook a reform in this sense, often limited to infrastuctures and legislative framework, without encouraging a real transformation of the mentalities of the educational staff. Carried out in a hurry, under the pressure of the European institutions, the deinstitutionalization substituted insufficient forms of altenative placement to the larger institutions, plunging children into another form of precarity
Danhoundo, Georges. "Les orphelins et leur famille en Afrique : une réflexion sur les logiques d'acteurs autour du soutien aux enfants orphelins chez les Mossi à Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30857/30857.pdf.
Full textBased on the filiation rules within the Mossi, a few works have highlighted that the concept of being orphan does not exist in that society. Those works support that the oldest child or brothers of the biological father do care for the orphans after the father’s death. That idea is ingrained in the belief that the Mossi represent a collective group where individual’s wills are dissolved within the extended family expectations. In our perspective, that reference to the Mossi as a collective group seems to be simplistic. Based on direct observation and 20 interviews laid nearby households, this research aims at understanding the logics of actors about the family care to the orphans.Contrary to the biases, this research concludes that: 1) The father’s death reveals prior conflicts between the deceased and his brother, and proves to lead to conflicts that opposes the widow and her family to the family of the spouse. Those conflicts laid on the access to the heritages. Indeed, according to the lineage logic, the women appears as foreigner in their husband family. They are not allowed to inherit from their spouse, contrary to the civil law of Burkina Faso. These conflicts make detrimental the father’s family support to orphans. As a consequence, we noted that a few orphans have been transferred to their mother’s family or to non-related family on purpose of education; 2) Most of the children who have lost their mother are maintained in their father’s household. We noted that men have a sort of ego that leads them to think of orphan fosterage as a social irresponsibility. We may highlight that the step-mothers play an important role at supporting the orphans. In doing so, according to men, they appear as an illustration of the importance of the polygamy; 3) The strategy of transferring the children in order to assure their education is not always rewarded. It happens that the receiving household ask some compensations from the fostered children such as domestic chores. What is notable is that, generally, those children arrange so that their works may not restrain their education; 4) The filiation relationship does not lead to social recognition of alliance. This research brings up the necessity to enlarge the concept of the extended family in the case of orphan’s fosterage in the Mossi’s society, that is, the necessity of better defining the fact of belonging to extended family. Beyond the filiation rules, the modes of the orphan fosterage and the social and economic context do play an important role.
Ferriès, Marie-Claire. "Les partisans d'Antoine : des orphelins de César aux complices de Cléopâtre /." Bordeaux ; Pessac : Paris : Ausonius ; diff. de Boccard, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb411824392.
Full textBibliogr. p. 532-549. Notes bibliogr. Index. Résumé en 4e de couv. en français et en anglais.
Bayle, Marie-Noëlle. "Hospice et psychiatrie : à propos de l'hôpital départemental des petits-prés." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2M153.
Full textCôté, Sylvie. "L'oeuvre des orphelins à l'Hospice du Sacré-Cœur de Sherbrooke (1875-1965)." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9324.
Full textLabbe, Olivier. "Contribution à la caractérisation de 3 récepteurs orphelins couplés aux protéines G." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212314.
Full textVan, Schoore Grégory. "Etude d'un récepteur orphelin apparenté aux récepteurs aux hormones glycoprotéiques, LGR4." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210545.
Full textLes LGR forment une sous-famille de RCPG structurellement proches de la rhodopsine qui comprend les récepteurs aux hormones glycoprotéiques (TSH, LH, hCG, FSH) et à la relaxine. LGR4 est un membre de cette famille dont ni la fonction précise, ni l'agoniste ne sont connus.
Dans un premier temps, une cartographie détaillée de l'expression de Lgr4 chez la souris a été obtenue. Nous avons tiré parti de l'existence d'une lignée de souris transgéniques dont le gène Lgr4 a été interrompu par l'introduction d'une cassette comportant deux marqueurs histologiques. L'activité beta-galactosidase d'un de ces marqueurs a été analysée chez les souris hétérozygotes. Ces dernières ne présentent pas de phénotype particulier, ce qui permet d'estimer que l'expression des marqueurs rend effectivement compte de l'expression normale du gène Lgr4. Lgr4 est exprimé dans un grand nombre de structures, notamment dans le cartilage, le rein, les appareils reproducteurs mâle et femelle et certaines cellules du système nerveux.
Ensuite, le phénotype des souris homozygotes pour l'inactivation de Lgr4 (LGR4KO) a été exploré. Ces souris présentent à la naissance un poids inférieur à leurs congénères des autres phénotypes. Les mâles sont stériles à cause d'une malformation des tubules efférents et de l'épididyme. Un blocage au niveau des tubules efférents reliant le testicule à l'épididyme contraint les spermatozoïdes à s'accumuler à la sortie du testicule, dans la région du rete testis. De plus, les tubes de l'épididyme, pourtant normaux à la naissance, ne s'allongent pas pour former la structure convolutée habituelle. L'épithélium de ces tubes est aplati et est entouré d'une quantité anormalement élevée de mésenchyme.
Dans un troisième temps, des outils nécessaires aux futures tentatives d'identification de l'agoniste naturel de LGR4 ont été réalisés. Il s'agit :(1) d'anticorps monoclonaux dirigés contre la partie extracellulaire du récepteur humain. (2) d'un appât moléculaire pour la ‘pêche au ligand’. Cet appât est constitué du domaine extracellulaire du récepteur humain couplé à un marqueur histologique. (3) d'une construction peptidique constituée du domaine extracellulaire du récepteur humain couplé à une queue poly-histidine. Cette construction est destinée à servir de greffon lors de chromatographies d'affinités devant permettre de purifier le ligand. (4) de lignées cellulaires exprimant le récepteur LGR4 humain ainsi que le système æquorine devant permettre de détecter l'activation de ce récepteur.
Les données apportées par ce travail montrent un rôle important du récepteur LGR4 au cours du développement et permettent de circonscrire le champ des recherches futures. Ceci, ainsi que les outils moléculaires développés, constitue une base pour l'identification future de l'agoniste et la détermination précise de la fonction de LGR4.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
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Meirsman, Aura Callia Carole. "Rôle du récepteur orphelin GPR88 dans les pathologies psychiatriques et motrices." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ052/document.
Full textAmong brain orphan G protein-coupled receptors, GPR88 shows high expression mainly in the striatum specifically in medium spiny neurons of both the striatonigral and striatopallidal pathwaysFirst, we examine full Gpr88 KO mice and show biochemical, structural and behavioral alterations. Results also show that the hyperactivity phenotype of Gpr88 KO mice is reversed by methylphenidate.Second, we show that Gpr88 in striatopallidal neurons (cKO approach) exerts anxiogénic activity and that motor coordination is regulated by GPR88 in the adult brain (AAV-Cre approach) and in the striatopallidal pathway.Finally, we confirmed previous data showing impaired acoustic prepulse inhibition in Gpr88 KO mice and further show that this deficit is not the result of a general inhibition deficit or of the lack of GPR88 in striatopallidal neurons
GAILLARD, PHILIPPE. "Etude sur l'impact socio-economique du vih/sida au burundi : problematique des orphelins." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX20854.
Full textGuillabert, Aude. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle de nouveaux agents chimioattractants de récepteurs orphelins exprimés par les leucocytes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210381.
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Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
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Mazot, Pierre. "Anaplastic lymphoma kinase un récepteur tyrosine kinase orphelin impliqué dans les neuroblastomes." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066161.
Full textCarpentier, Rodolphe. "Partenaires d'interaction, gènes cibles et rôles potentiels du récepteur nucléaire orphelin Nurr1." Lille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL2S026.
Full textVan, den Brink Hélène. "Les medicaments orphelins dans le contexte de la maitrise des depenses de sante (doctorat : pharmacochimie)." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA114818.
Full textKeller, Jenny. "Génomique structurale de virus et plasmides d'archées hyperthermophiles." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112032.
Full textThe living world is divided into three cellular lineages: Bacteria, Archaea and Eukaryotes. Archaea are procaryotic micro-organisms which possess specific characters and a mixture of bacterial and eukaryotic characters. Reversed genetic tools have not been extensively developed for these organisms and therefore the characterization of their extra-chromosomal elements (viruses and plasmids) is fundamental. New viruses having unique forms were discovered in hot springs having temperatures above 80°C. The vast majority of these viruses infect aerobic hyperthermophilic archaea whereas a single virus was identified as infecting anaerobic hyperthermophilic archaea. However, numerous plasmids were isolated from the latter. 90% of the genes encoded by these viruses and plasmids have no homologues in sequence databases suggesting unknown mechanisms for their biological functions. The objective of this thesis was to obtain information on proteins and enzymes of viruses and plasmids from hyperthermophilic archaea. In the absence of any information deductible from the sequence, protein structure may provide functional information, crucial for the understanding of the biological mechanisms of the organisms. This information will also be essential to establish evolutionary relations among viral families. Another crucial aspect of this project is to determine if these orphan proteomes are enriched in original protein folds
Marzec, Paulina. "NR2C/F telomeric association drives telomere-genome rearrangements in ALT cells." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20179.
Full textCellular immortality is always accompanied by the activation of telomere maintenance mechanism. In most human cancers this role is fulfilled by the telomerase enzyme. However in 15% of tumors, telomerase is not activated and telomeres are maintained by an Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) pathway that involves telomere-telomere recombination. Interestingly ALT is more prevalent in tumors originating from mesenchymal tissues (sarcomas), where it is present in 40-60% of cases, than in epithelial tumors. Understanding ALT maintenance is critical since inhibiting telomerase in tumors leads to the activation of ALT. The ALT pathway is operationally defined by typical telomere hallmarks. In ALT cells, aberrant DNA transactions are not restricted to telomeres since genomes are often highly rearranged. Whether these abnormal genomic features are linked to atypical telomere maintenance is not known, but genome instability is certainly contributing to transformation. We have previously shown that orphan receptors of the NR2C/F families were enriched at telomeres in ALT cell lines. We proposed that these factors could be recruited to telomeres through direct binding to the GGGTCA variant repeat, a high affinity binding site for these proteins. My project is aimed at understanding (i) their mechanism of binding and (ii) their role, if any, in the ALT process.We show that in human primary sarcomas, ALT telomeres are often bound by orphan nuclear receptors of the NR2C/F subfamilies, particularly in more advanced-stage tumors. This suggests an active role for these factors in ALT tumor progression. Using ChIP-sequencing, we show that NR2C/F proteins bind to an amplified direct repeat (DR0) at telomeres, and not significantly to any other GGGTCA motif combination. We also analyzed the genome wide distribution of NR2C2/F2 and TRF2, a telomere binding protein, in ALT(-) and in ALT(+) cells. While there are only few genomic sites bound by TRF2 in ALT(-) cells, we were surprised to identify several hundred regions bound by TRF2 in ALT(+) cells. More surprisingly, the great majority of these ALT specific TRF2 regions overlap with endogenous NR2C2/F2 sites. Since these sites usually do not contain telomere repeats, TRF2 is likely indirectly recruited. Consistent with this interpretation, we show that NR2C/F factors drive locus proximity. Moreover, a subset of these unique genomic regions harbor heterogeneous ALT telomere sequence additions, not only suggesting a telomere recruitment role for NR2C/F proteins but also a recombination targeting function in the genome. Consistently, we find these telomere/genome rearrangements are located close to endogenous GGGTCA motifs. Next, we wanted to evaluate a role of these rearrangements in formation of complex karyotype which characterize approximately 50% of sarcomas. We found by spectral karyotyping that interstitial telomeric sites are frequently located at translocation/ rearrangements sites between two or more chromosomes, which we could also observe in our ChIPseq data. Furthermore, we demonstrate that addition of interstitial telomeric sites to the genome is enhanced by DNA damage and specific for ALT genome. Therefore we conclude that NR2C/F factors target telomere proximity to defined NR2C/F regions which enables telomere-genome rearrangements under DNA damage condition. This contributes not only to efficient telomere recombination, but also it drives further genomic instability at selected NR2C/F sites.We believe we identified a new mechanism of telomere dysfunction potentially driving targeted genome instability and mediated by NR2C/F proteins in ALT cells which probably underlie complexity of sarcomas genome. Understanding the ALT mechanism allows designing NR2C/F-targeted therapies in treatment of ALT tumors and therapies for patients treated with anti-telomerase drugs to prevent ALT appearance
Zug, Jean-Philippe. "Histoire des hospices et hôpitaux de Soultz (Haut-Rhin)." Strasbourg 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR1M020.
Full textHien, Suzanne Adjoua. "Appartenance lingagère et prise en charge des orphelins chez les Lobi du Burkina Faso." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27349/27349.pdf.
Full textBonnelye, Edith. "Etude du rôle biologique de deux récepteurs nucléaires orphelins : Rev-erbβ et ERR-1." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10193.
Full textLa deuxieme partie de notre travail a porte sur l'etude de err-1 (pour estrogen-related-receptor-1), un recepteur orphelin proche du recepteur des oestrogenes. Nous avons montre que ce gene etait fortement exprime dans l'os en formation ainsi que dans les osteoblastes. L'etude de la fixation a l'adn et de l'activite transcriptionnelle de err-1 a permis de montrer qu'il etait capable de se fixer sous forme de monomere sur un element sfre et d'agir comme un activateur de la transcription via cet element. Enfin, dans des cellules osteoblastiques, err-1 s'est avere etre capable de reguler positivement l'expression du gene de l'osteopontine, une proteine de la matrice osseuse. Il semblerait donc que err-1 joue un role dans la physiologie osseuse
Hien, Suzanne Adjoua. "Appartenance lignagère et prise en charge des orphelins chez les Lobi du Burkina Faso." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21479.
Full textWittamer, Valérie. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle du récepteur orphelin Chem23, spécifiquement exprimé par les cellules présentatrices d'antigènes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211082.
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