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Hoseini, Mohammad, Seyed Morteza Saadat Mostafavi, Navid Rezaei, and Ehsan Javadzadeh Boluri. "Orthodontic Wire Ingestion during Treatment: Reporting a Case and Review the Management of Foreign Body Ingestion or Aspiration (Emergencies)." Case Reports in Dentistry 2013 (2013): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/426591.
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Today orthodontic treatment is in growing demand and is not limited to a specific age or social group. The nature of orthodontic treatment is such that the orthodontic wires and appliances, which are used to apply force and move the teeth, are exposed to the oral cavity. Shaping and replacing these wires in oral cavity are the major assignments of orthodontist on appointments. Therefore, we can say that orthodontic treatment requires working with dangerous tools in a sensitive place like oral cavity which is the entrance of respiratory and digestive systems. In this paper, a case of ingesting a broken orthodontic wire during eating is reported, and also necessary remedial measures at the time of encountering foreign body ingestion or aspiration are provided.
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Silvia-Izabella, Pop, Păcurar Mariana, Bratu Dana Cristina, Pop Rv, and Chibelean Manuela. "Clinicians' Choices in Selecting Orthodontic Archwires." Acta Medica Marisiensis 59, no. 4 (August 1, 2013): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amma-2013-0050.
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Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the choices made by clinicians in selecting archwires during the initial, intermediate and final stages of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Methods: We carried out a questionnaire-based study at the Orthodontics and Pedodontics Clinic Târgu Mureș, between March 2012 and September 2012. The questionnaires consisted of two parts: the first included questions related to the dimension, alloy used in fabrication, section (round or rectangular) and manufacturer of the archwires used by the orthodontists in their orthodontic practice, the second part was concerned with their personal opinion about the physical properties and disadvantages of the archwires. Results: From a total number of 90 distributed questionnaires, 62 were returned. The majority of clinicians are using stainless steel (SS) and nickel-titanium alloy (NiTi) wires in their fixed orthodontic treatments, very few are using beta-titanium (Beta Ti), copper nickel-titanium (Co- NiTi) and esthetic archwires. The preferred dimension seem to be 0.022 inches in the appliance system. Regarding the wire dimensions, 0.014, 0.016 inch wires are mostly used from the round section group and 0.016 × 0.022 inch, 0.017 × 0.025 inch from the rectangular ones. Conclusions: There is a general lack of agreement between the clinicians surveyed regarding the properties of an ideal archwire and the disadvantages of the used wires. The most frequently used alloys seemed to be the SS and NiTi
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Sfondrini, Maria, Lorenzo Preda, Fabrizio Calliada, Lorenzo Carbone, Luca Lungarotti, Luisa Bernardinelli, Paola Gandini, and Andrea Scribante. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Its Effects on Metallic Brackets and Wires: Does It Alter the Temperature and Bonding Efficacy of Orthodontic Devices?" Materials 12, no. 23 (November 30, 2019): 3971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12233971.
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a widely used diagnostic technique. Patients wearing orthodontic appliances are often requested to remove their appliances, even when the MRI exam involves anatomical areas far from mouth, in order to avoid heating of the metal and detachment of the appliance. The purpose of the present investigation was to measure and compare temperature changes and orthodontic appliances’ adhesion to enamel after different MRIs. A total of 220 orthodontic brackets were bonded on bovine incisors and wires with different materials (stainless steel and nickel titanium). Moreover, various sizes (0.014″ and 0.019″ × 0.025″) were engaged. Appliances were submitted to MRI at two different powers (1.5 T and 3 T). The temperatures of brackets and wires were measured before and after MRI. Subsequently, the shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed. After MRI, a significant increase in the temperature was found for both the brackets and wires in some groups, even if the mean temperature increase was clinically insignificant, as the temperature ranged between 0.05 °C and 2.4 °C for brackets and between 0.42 °C and 1.74 °C for wires. The MRI did not condition bracket adhesion in any group. No differences were reported when comparing the 1.5 T with 3 T groups. The ARI Scores were also significantly lower after MRI. The results of the present report show that, under MRI, orthodontic appliances present a low temperature rise and no debonding risk. Therefore, the removal of orthodontic appliance is not recommended routinely, but is suggested only in the case of a void risk or potential interference in image quality.
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İşman, Eren, Rıdvan Okşayan, Oral Sökücü, and Serdar Üşümez. "Temperature Changes of Pulp Chamber duringIn VitroLaser Welding of Orthodontic Attachments." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/589461.
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The use of lasers has been suggested for orthodontists to fabricate or repair orthodontic appliances by welding metals directly in the mouth. This work aimed to evaluate the temperature changes in the pulp chamber during welding of an orthodontic wire to an orthodontic molar band using Nd : YAG laserin vitro. A freshly extracted human third molar with eliminated pulpal tissues was used. J-type thermocouple wire was positioned in the pulp chamber. A conductor gel was used in the transferring of outside temperature changes to the thermocouple wire. An orthodontic band was applied to the molar tooth and bonded using light cured orthodontic cement. Twenty five mm length of 0.6 mm diameter orthodontic stainless steel wires was welded to the orthodontic band using Nd : YAG laser operated at 9.4 watt. Temperature variation was determined as the change from baseline temperature to the highest temperature was recorded during welding. The recorded temperature changes were between 1.8 and 6.8°C (mean: 3.3 ± 1.1°C). The reported critical 5.5°C level was exceeded in only one sample. The results of this study suggest that intraoral use of lasers holds great potential for the future of orthodontics and does not present a thermal risk. Further studies with larger samples and structural analysis are required.
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Anuwongnukroh, Niwat, Yosdhorn Chuankrerkkul, Surachai Dechkunakorn, Pornkiat Churnjitapirom, and Theeralaksna Suddhasthira. "Bending Properties of General Purpose Stainless Steel Wire Formed for Orthodontic Use." Advanced Materials Research 746 (August 2013): 394–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.746.394.
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The archwire is generally used in fixed appliances for orthodontic treatment to correct dental malocclusion. However, it is interesting to know whether general purpose stainless steel wire could replace commercial orthodontic archwire in orthodontic practice for economic reasons. The purpose of this study was to determine the bending properties of general purpose stainless steel wire compared with commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires after forming as an archwire for orthodontic use. The samples used in this study were 90 general purpose and 45 commercial (Highland) round stainless steel wires in 0.016, 0.018, and 0.020 sizes (30 general purpose and 15 commercial wires for each size). All 15 general purpose stainless steel wires with different sizes were formed into orthodontic archwire with a Universal Testing Machine. All samples were tested (three-point bending test) for mechanical properties. The results showed no significant difference between general purpose and commercial orthodontic wires in size 0.016 for 0.1 mm offset bending force, 0.2% yield strength, and springback. Although many mechanical properties of general purpose wires differed from commercial wires, their values conformed to other previous studies within the range of clinical acceptance. In conclusion, orthodontic formed general purpose round stainless steel wires had statistically different (p <0.05) mechanical properties from commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires (Highland) but the mechanical properties were acceptable to use in orthodontic treatment.
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Jordan, Laurence, Pascal Garrec, and Frédéric Prima. "Influence of Shape Memory Properties on Sliding Resistance in Fixed Orthodontic Appliances." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 514–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.514.
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Tooth movements in an orthodontic treatment are the result of an applied force system, wire-bracket-ligature, and the response of the bone tissue. Starting an orthodontic treatment, it is necessary to exercise a sufficient initial force and then to maintain to obtain a continuous tooth movement. Orthodontic wires, which generate the biomechanical forces, usually transfer forces through brackets to trigger tooth movement. In the case of excessive forces of friction, they are behaving as an opposing force with respect to the movement of the tooth, making it sometimes slower or incontrollable [1].
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Horliana, Ricardo Fidos, Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini Horliana, Alexandre do Vale Wuo, Flávio Eduardo Guillin Perez, and Jorge Abrão. "Dental Extrusion with Orthodontic Miniscrew Anchorage: A Case Report Describing a Modified Method." Case Reports in Dentistry 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/909314.
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In recent years, the skeletal anchorage through miniscrews has expanded the treatment options in orthodontics (Yamaguchi et al., 2012). We hereby present a modified method for tooth extrusion for cases where crown-lengthening surgery is contraindicated for aesthetic reasons. This modified method uses three orthodontic appliances: a mini-implant, an orthodontic wire, and a bracket. The aim of this case report was to increase the length of the clinical crown of a fractured tooth (tooth 23) by means of an orthodontic extrusion with the modified method of Roth and Diedrich.
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Wepner, Lena, Harald Andreas Färber, Andreas Jaensch, Anna Weber, Florian Heuser, Ludger Keilig, Lamia Singer, and Christoph Peter Bourauel. "In Vitro Ion Release of Wires in Removable Orthodontic Appliances." Materials 14, no. 12 (June 19, 2021): 3402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123402.
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Various orthodontic wire compositions and configurations are present on the market for removable appliances; however, there have still been only few studies focusing on the effect of resin color and additives such as glitter on corrosion of metallic wires under different conditions. Thus, the aim of the study was to compare concentrations of released ions (aluminium, chromium, nickel) in a corrosive medium under three different conditions: non-loaded wires, loaded wires, and non-loaded wires treated with Kukis® cleaning tablets. Six different wires made of three types of steel alloy were embedded in PMMA resin leaving one centimetre of each wire emerging from the resin to come into contact with the corrosive medium. Glitter particles were added to half of the produced test specimens. For the unloaded test series, five specimens of each group were covered in a petri dish with 50 mL of corrosive medium (pH 2.3) following EN-ISO 10271 for seven days at 37 °C. The wires for the mechanically loaded test specimens overlapped the resin by 5 cm and were clamped into a time-switched electric drive for a defined period of time before the samples were taken after a testing time of 7 days. In the third group, unloaded test specimens were transferred from their petri dishes into the prepared Kukis® solution every 24 h before being stored in the corrosive medium. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to quantify the specific ions in the corrosive solution. Statistical analysis showed that the mechanical loading of all wires could significantly raise the diffusion of ions into the corrosive medium. The colour of the resin did not affect the concentration of the released ions. The Kukis® cleaning tabs could not lower the corrosion of the tested metals, as some of the wires were corroded even more using the brace cleanser. Glitter-containing test specimens showed significantly higher amounts of aluminium. Mechanical loading as well as the presence of glitter particles in the resin significantly affected ion concentrations.
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Mohammed, Azhar, Crystal Runa Soans, Shivananda S., Yatishkumar S. Joshi, Junaid Junaid, and Surapaneni Tarakaram. "Influence of pH Level and Type of Archwire on the Time Bound Release of Nickel Ions from Orthodontic Appliances - An In Vitro Study." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 29 (July 19, 2021): 2162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/442.
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BACKGROUND Orthodontic metallic appliances in the oral cavity are constantly in contact with biological fluids or tissues thereby releasing particulate masses. They can be common causes of contact allergies and should be considered as a critical issue in determining properties of biomaterials. Nickel ions in various forms and compounds have been known to cause carcinogenic, mutagenic, cytotoxic and allergenic reactions. Pattern of metal ions released from different stainless steel orthodontic appliances in vitro could provide valuable information to consider their application in clinical scenarios. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate metal ions released under different ph levels, immersion period time and using different archwire orthodontic appliances. METHODS Orthodontic appliances were constructed consisting of five brackets from central incisor to the second premolar, a buccal tube welded molar band and an archwire that were used as samples. Total of twelve appliances were constructed; using stainless steel, Ni - Ti, and Thermal Ni - Ti wires (N = 4 each). Half of these samples were immersed in artificial saliva at pH 3.5 and the other half were immersed in artificial saliva at pH 6.75. The samples were stored in an incubator at a temperature of 37 degrees Celsius. Saliva samples from these bottles were collected at the end of 1, 7, 14 and 28 days and subjected to spectrophotometric analysis for estimation of nickel content. RESULTS Nickel release was maximum during the first week of immersion from orthodontic appliances comprising of Ni - Ti wires compared to Stainless steel and thermal Ni - Ti. A gradual decline in the nickel release was observed in the subsequent weeks. Ion release was increased by 30 times in the acidic pH medium, as compared to neutral pH conditions. CONCLUSIONS There is a definite release of nickel ions from orthodontic appliances when exposed to oral environment; however, the amounts are much lower than the daily dietary intake and don’t pose risk of toxicity. Care should be taken in patients with nickel hypersensitivity and wires such as beta - titanium or epoxy coated wires can be substituted. As there is an increase in ion release under acidic conditions the patients need to maintain hygienic oral environment thereby limiting corrosion of appliances. KEY WORDS NitiAlloy, Archwires, pH, Hypersensitivity
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Raboud, D. "Simulation of the Superelastic Response of SMA Orthodontic Wires." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 120, no. 5 (October 1, 1998): 676–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2834761.
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Shape-memory alloys have properties that make them well suited to a variety of applications. One application for which their unique combination of properties (large elastic range, low modulus of elasticity, ability to deliver nearly constant forces over a wide range of deformations) seems ideally suited is for orthodontic retraction appliances where these properties are very desirable. The mechanical response of shape-memory alloys is modeled by a simple constitutive model that captures the essential superelastic behavior of the shape-memory wires. An initial value approach that iteratively converges to the appropriate boundary conditions is utilized to deliver numerical solutions. Qualitative agreement is shown with previous experimental works. The possible benefits of using such wires in an orthodontic retraction appliance are then investigated.
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Batista, Deric Meschiari, Melissa Faccini, Fabricio Pinelli Valarelli, Rodrigo Hermont Cançado, Renata Cristina Oliveira, Ricardo Cesar Gobbi de Oliveira, and Karina Maria Salvatore Freitas. "Attractiveness of different esthetic orthodontic wires." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 25, no. 6 (December 2020): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.25.6.027-032.oar.
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ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the attractiveness of different types of esthetic orthodontic wires by laypeople and dentists. Methods: Five different types of orthodontic wires were evaluated: three esthetic wires (Teflon-coated, epoxy resin-coated and rhodium-coated wires), and two metallic wires (stainless steel and NiTi), as control. Monocrystalline ceramic brackets were installed in the maxillary arch of a patient presenting good dental alignment. The five evaluated wires were attached to the orthodontic appliance with an esthetic silicone elastic and photographed. The photographs were evaluated by 163 individuals, 110 dentists and 53 laypeople. The data were statistically evaluated by two-way ANOVA and one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey tests. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the attractiveness among the wires evaluated; the most esthetic was the rhodium-coated wire, followed by the epoxy resin-coated wire and, finally, the Teflon-coated wire, with no significant difference from the stainless steel and NiTi control archwires. There was no significant difference between the groups of evaluators. Conclusion: The most attractive was the rhodium-coated wire, followed by the epoxy resin-coated wire and, finally, the least attractive wire was the Teflon-coated wire, without statistically significant difference to the stainless steel and NiTi wires, used as control.
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Sarul, Michał, Marcin Kozakiewicz, and Kamil Jurczyszyn. "Surface Evaluation of Orthodontic Wires Using Texture and Fractal Dimension Analysis." Materials 14, no. 13 (July 1, 2021): 3688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14133688.
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Mechanical properties of orthodontic wires can have a very significant impact both on the resistance of the entire appliance to the oral cavity conditions and directly on the effectiveness of the therapy. Striving to achieve repeatability of mechanical characteristics of orthodontic wires of a given type should be an obligatory condition in their production. To achieve it, these components should be thoroughly analyzed using various mechanical tests. Twenty-four steel and nickel-titanium orthodontic wires from four different manufacturers were examined. Each wire was subjected to fractal dimension analysis and texture analysis. The two sides of each wire were compared against each other, as well as in terms of variation in the surface area for each wire type made by different manufacturers. Most wires showed significant variation in fractal dimension and texture, both when comparing two sides of the same wire and between individual wires of a given type made by a single manufacturer. When conducting research and clinically using orthodontic wires made of Ni-Ti alloys and stainless steel, it should be assumed that the surface of orthodontic wires shows a significant degree of variation, and wires of the same type from the same manufacturer may differ significantly in this respect.
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Manjith, CM, Srinivas Kumar Karnam, and A. Naveen Reddy. "Comparison of Metal Ion Release from Different Bracket Archwire Combinations: An in vitro Study." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 13, no. 3 (2012): 376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1154.
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ABSTRACT Aim The metal ion released from the orthodontic appliance may cause allergic reactions particularly nickel and chromium ions. Hence, this study was undertaken to determine the amount of nickel, chromium, copper, cobalt and iron ions released from simulated orthodontic appliance made of new archwires and brackets. Materials and methods Sixty sets of new archwire, band material, brackets and ligature wires were prepared simulating fixed orthodontic appliance. These sets were divided into four groups of fifteen samples each. Group 1: Stainless steel rectangular archwires. Group 2: Rectangular NiTi archwires. Group 3: Rectangular copper NiTi archwires. Group 4: Rectangular elgiloy archwires. These appliances were immersed in 50 ml of artificial saliva solution and stored in polypropylene bottles in the incubator to simulate oral conditions. After 90 days the solution were tested for nickel, chromium, copper, cobalt and iron ions using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results Results showed that high levels of nickel ions were released from all four groups, compared to all other ions, followed by release of iron ion levels. There is no significant difference in the levels of all metal ions released in the different groups. Conclusion The study confirms that the use of newer brackets and newer archwires confirms the negligible release of metal ions from the orthodontic appliance. Clinical significance The measurable amount of metals, released from orthodontic appliances in artificial saliva, was significantly below the average dietary intake and did not reach toxic concentrations. How to cite this article Karnam SK, Reddy AN, Manjith CM. Comparison of Metal Ion Release from Different Bracket Archwire Combinations: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):376-381.
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Portelli, Marco, Angela Militi, Gabriele Cervino, Floriana Lauritano, Sergio Sambataro, Alberto Mainardi, and Riccardo Nucera. "Oxidative Stress Evaluation in Patients Treated with Orthodontic Self-ligating Multibracket Appliances: An in Vivo Case-Control Study." Open Dentistry Journal 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210601711010257.
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Objective: Oxidative stress is a pathologic event induced by a prevalence of oxidant agents on the antioxidant ones, with a consequent alteration of oxide-reducing balance. Introduction: Freeradicals produce damages both in cellular and extra-cellular components; phospholipid membranes, proteins, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, are the target of the oxidative stress, that can finally cause cellular death due to apoptosis. Materials & Methods: Orthodontic appliances such as brackets, wires, resins and soldering have some components that can be considered as potential allergen, carcinogenic, cytotoxic and gene mutation factors. The primary aim of this research is to evaluate oxidative stress in the saliva of patients treated with multibracket self-ligating vestibular orthodontic appliances; the secondary purpose is to investigate the influence of orthodontic multibracket therapy on oral hygiene and the consequent effect on oxidative stress. Salivary specimens has been collected in a sample of 23 patients were enrolled (12 Female, 11 Male) between 12 and 16 years of age (mean age 14.2). For each patient has been collected a salivary specimen at the following time points; before orthodontic bonding (T1), five weeks (T2) and ten weeks (T3) after orthodontic appliance bonding. Results: Samples has been analysed with a photometer due to SAT Test (Salivary Antioxidant Test). Data obtained show a mean of 2971 mEq/l of anti-oxidant agents before orthodontic treatment, and after five weeks from the bonding the mean was decreased to 2909 mEq/l, instead at ten weeks was increased to 3332 mEq/l. Repeated measures ANOVA did not reveal statistically significant differences between the time points (P = 0.1697). The study did not reveal any correlation between the level of dental hygiene and that of oxidative stress (Pearson Correlation Coefficient R = 0). Conclusion: Orthodontic treatment with multibrackets vestibular metallic appliance seems to be not able to affect oxidative stress during the first ten weeks of therapy.
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Mansuri, Mustapha, and Varun Pratap Singh. "Clasps in Removable Orthodontics." Journal of Nobel Medical College 3, no. 1 (March 13, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v3i1.10046.
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The success of removable orthodontic appliance mainly depends upon good retention of the appliance. Adequate retention of a removable orthodontic appliance is achieved by incorporating certain wire components, called clasp, which engages the undercuts on the teeth. Clasps are the retentive components of removable orthodontic appliances. There are various designs of clasps advocated for various clinical situations. This article presents an overview of various clasp designs with advantages and disadvantages of each type and their uses in particular clinical situations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v3i1.10046 Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol.3(1) 2014; 1-9
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Saǧlam, Aynur Medine Şahin, Vahide Baysal, and A. Murat Ceylan. "Nickel and Cobalt Hypersensitive Reaction Before and After Orthodontic Therapy in Children." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 5, no. 4 (2004): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-5-4-79.
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Abstract Nickel and cobalt are major components of alloys used in orthodontics. The objectives of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of a nickel hypersensitivity reaction before and after orthodontic treatment with conventional stainless steel brackets and wires. The total sample consisted of 82 patients (55 females, and 27 males) from the Orthodontic Department at the Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University. A patch test and a questionnaire were used to evaluate hypersensitivity to these metals. The statistical analysis was carried out using Fisher's exact X2 (2 x 2) test. The prevalence of nickel allergy was found to be higher in females than males (14.55% in females, 0% in males), and the prevalence of cobalt allergy was found to be 9.76% (7.27% in females, 14.81% in males). Orthodontic treatment with conventional stainless steel alloys does not appear to have an allergenic effect on the gingival and oral health of the patient. A family history of an allergy to these metals or the use of metallic objects in contact with the skin do not characterize nickel and cobalt hypersensitivity. This suggests orthodontic therapy with conventional stainless steel appliances does not initiate or aggravate a nickel hypersensitivity reaction. There was no association between the before treatment and after treatment to a nickel and cobalt hypersensitivity reaction. Citation Saglam AMS, Baysal V, Ceylan AM. Nickel and Cobalt Hypersensitive Reaction Before and After Orthodontic Therapy in Children. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 November;(5)4:079-090.
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Inoue, Sayuri, Satoshi Yamaguchi, Hiroshi Uyama, Takashi Yamashiro, and Satoshi Imazato. "Orthodontic Aligner Incorporating Eucommia ulmoides Exerts Low Continuous Force: In Vitro Study." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 14, 2020): 4085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184085.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the orthodontic force exerted by thermoplastic orthodontic appliances incorporating Eucommiaulmoides in terms of usefulness as the aligner-type orthodontic device. Erkodur, Essix C+®, Eucommia elastomer, and edgewise brackets were used (n = 3, each; thickness = 1.0 mm, each). The orthodontic force on the upper right incisor was measured every 24 h for two weeks using a custom-made measuring device. The force of the Eucommia elastomer (4.25 ± 0.274 N) and multi bracket system (5.32 ± 0.338 N) did not change from the beginning to the end (p > 0.01). The orthodontic force exerted by the Eucommia elastomer was lower than that of the multi-bracket orthodontic appliance from the beginning to the end. The force of Erkodur significantly decreased from the beginning to 24 h (6.47 ± 1.40 N) and 48 h (3.30 ± 0.536 N) (p < 0.01). The force of Essix C+® significantly decreased from the beginning (13.2 ± 0.845 N) to 24 h (8.77 ± 0.231 N) (p < 0.01). The thermoplastic orthodontic appliance made of Eucommia elastomer continuously exerted a constant orthodontic force for two weeks under water immersion conditions. The orthodontic force of Eucommia elastomer was found to be similar to the orthodontic force exerted by the multi-bracket orthodontic appliance with 0.019 × 0.025 in nickel–titanium wire. These results suggest that the Eucommia elastomer has possibly become one of the more useful materials to form thermoplastic orthodontic appliance exerting low continues orthodontic force.
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Polychronis, Georgios, Youssef S. Al Jabbari, Theodore Eliades, and Spiros Zinelis. "Galvanic coupling of steel and gold alloy lingual brackets with orthodontic wires: Is corrosion a concern?" Angle Orthodontist 88, no. 4 (March 6, 2018): 450–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/092917-655.1.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: The aim of this research was to assess galvanic behavior of lingual orthodontic brackets coupled with representative types of orthodontic wires. Materials and Methods: Three types of lingual brackets: Incognito (INC), In-Ovation L (IOV), and STb (STB) were combined with a stainless steel (SS) and a nickel-titanium (NiTi) orthodontic archwire. All materials were initially investigated by scanning electron microscopy / x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) while wires were also tested by x-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). All bracket-wire combinations were immersed in acidic 0.1M NaCl 0.1M lactic acid and neutral NaF 0.3% (wt) electrolyte, and the potential differences were continuously recorded for 48 hours. Results: The SEM/EDX analysis revealed that INC is a single-unit bracket made of a high gold (Au) alloy while IOV and STB are two-piece appliances in which the base and wing are made of SS alloys. The SS wire demonstrated austenite and martensite iron phase, while NiTi wire illustrated an intense austenite crystallographic structure with limited martensite. All bracket wire combinations showed potential differences below the threshold of galvanic corrosion (200 mV) except for INC and STB coupled with NiTi wire in NaF media. Conclusions: The electrochemical results indicate that all brackets tested demonstrated galvanic compatibility with SS wire, but fluoride treatment should be used cautiously with NiTi wires coupled with Au and SS brackets.
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Sockalingam, S. Nagarajan M. P., Khairil Aznan Mohamed Khan, and Elavarasi Kuppusamy. "Interceptive Correction of Anterior Crossbite Using Short-Span Wire-Fixed Orthodontic Appliance: A Report of Three Cases." Case Reports in Dentistry 2018 (2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4323945.
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Anterior crossbite is relatively a common presentation in the mixed dentition stage. If left untreated, it can lead to a host of problems and may complicate future orthodontic treatment. One of the major difficulties in performing anterior crossbite correction in young children is treatment compliance. In most cases, poor compliance is due to the unacceptability of the removable appliance used. This article describes three cases of successful correction of anterior crossbite of patients in mixed dentition using short-span wire-fixed orthodontic appliances. This sectional appliance provides an alternative method of correcting anterior crossbite of dental origin and offers many advantages compared to the use of removable appliances.
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Tanne, Kazuo. "Current status of clinical orthodontics in European and American countries." APOS Trends in Orthodontics 10 (December 31, 2020): 204–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/apos_119_2020.
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Current status of clinical orthodontics in European and American countries was examined by means of a questionnaire survey through internet. In the European and American countries, most popular technique in daily orthodontic practice is preadjusted straight wire edgewise technique. In major developed countries in Europe and America, the treatment fee is considerably high, whereas the fee is relatively low in the countries under development and/or after economic crisis. Rate of non-extraction treatment among all the cases treated with multi-bracket appliances is significantly higher in Europe and America than in Asia except in a few countries. In the European and American countries, treatment system for jaw deformity patients is well developed with higher availability of the social health insurance than in Asia. The maximum CLP prevalence of 0.200 is found in Germany and Austria and the mean is around 0.140 or one to 700 births. In general, CLP treatment is covered by social health insurance in European and American countries. In Europe and America, lingual orthodontic technique has not become popular because patients never want to hide orthodontic appliance. Higher cost of lingual appliance and lack in information and technical skills may be the reasons of less frequent use of lingual appliance. Many interviewees replied that usage of TADs has not become so popular in USA and Canada as compared to that in Asia. In another word, the initial fascination with TADs wore off and are now used in selected patients as needed. This may be due to more harmonious maxillofacial structure with longer and wider dentitions in Caucasians which also results in higher rate of non-extraction treatment with multibracket appliances in European and American countries.
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Herrera-Guardiola, Santiago. "Anterior open bite correction with hybrid FLOWJAC® system devices, patient with previous Chin bone resorption. Case report." Revista Estomatología 26, no. 2 (March 8, 2019): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/re.v26i2.7636.
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The orthodontic minitubes system (FLOWJAC ® System, Bogotá, Colombia) is an innovating system that blend the selfligating philosophy techniques and a lowprofile appliance. The FLOWJAC® System works with low orthodontic forces, same as selfligation devices. The system uses heat-treated wires with better physical properties such as hysteresis when is compare with traditional wires. However, the FLOWJAC® technique doesn´t use a wire sequence to get a “working wire”, just a 0,014 Copper NiTi. The clinician in each appointment must modify the minitube location to the clinical desire teeth position. The present report blend FLOWJAC® devices in the upper arch and clear selfligation in the lower arch. The patient treated has mandibular bone resorption due a alloplastic chin augmentation. The root apex from first right premolar to the first left premolar seen to be near to the resorption area using Cone Beam Computer Tomography. That´s the reason why we use a pre-adjust devices in the lower arch, to avoid pulpar and periodontal counter effects. This case was finished with proper functional and aesthetics objectives; such as molar and canine class I, anterior open bite closure with 20% of overbite, coincidence of dental smile arch with lower lip, and without root and pulpar counter effects. The porpoise of this report is to present an orthodontic case with bone resorption on right premolar and incisors area of the mandible. The case was treated with selfligation orthodontics system; FLOWJAC® System in the upper arch and Empower Clear® (American Orthodontics Shebboyiang, USA) in the lower arch and could be done with a precise diagnosis and adequate treatment planning.
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Rock, W. P., and H. J. Wilson. "Forces Exerted by Orthodontic Aligning Archwires." British Journal of Orthodontics 15, no. 4 (November 1988): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/bjo.15.4.255.
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The forces produced by 10 orthodontic archwires were measured in a simulated clinical situation and also with the wires in simple three point loading. All tests were made to a maximum deflection of 3 mm. At 1·5 mm deflection the forces exerted when each wire formed part of a fixed appliance ranged from 1·5 to 8·3 N. When the same wires were used as simple beams the forces exerted ranged from 0·3 to 3·0 N. The findings indicate that the forces generated by orthodontic mechanisms cannot be calculated from straight forward physical principles.
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Szuhanek, Camelia, and Traian Fleșer. "Research on Welded Thin NiTi Wires and Orthodontic Bands." Solid State Phenomena 188 (May 2012): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.188.300.
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NiTi welded joints in the form of wires or thin blades are used in orthodontic appliances. Problems arise due to welding heat transfer sections specifically reduced. The research is focused on the welding flame, laser and ultrasound. The main objective is to define the characteristics of use of welded joints based on mechanical testing of tensile, hardness determination, metallographic examination. The study was enjoyed on a statistical interpretation of results. The results highlight the comparative strengths, weaknesses of the processes used respectively. It highlights opportunities offered by laser welding process is related to the flame, i.e. ultrasound.
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Pop, Silvia Izabella, Zakarias Szabolcs, Dana Cristina Bratu, Mircea Dudescu, Mariana Pacurar, and Laura Roxana Contac. "Evaluation of the Biomechanical Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steel Fixed Retainers." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 9 (September 5, 2020): 320–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.9.8342.
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The insertion of the fixed retention is an important stage of the orthodontic treatment after fixed appliances. The fixed retainers used in orthodontic treatments must be passive towards teeth, without developing any stress. This characteristic is challenging to achieve due to the mechanical properties (bending properties, stiffness) of the materials the retainers are manufactured from. Residual stress might be generated because of their flexibility and because the chemical composition of the stainless steel wires.This study aims to determine the mechanical properties of different austenitic stainlees steel wires used in retention. Also, we have compared the mechanical properties of wires with different sizes, as well as wires with the same size, new and intra-orally used. The results confirm that the mechanical parameters of the two types of wires used in fixed retention (3 braided round wires and 6 braided Flat wires) present statistically insignificant differences. The study also reflects that the mechanical properties of the intra-orally used wires showed decreased values of the parameters.
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Bhat, Faiz Ahmad, Nandish Shetty, Faizan Ahmad Khan, Muraleedhara Bhat, and Akhter Husain. "Comparative Evaluation of Load-deflection Property of Different Brands of Nickel-titanium Archwires." APOS Trends in Orthodontics 8 (June 1, 2018): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/apos.apos_32_18.
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Context The tooth alignment and leveling constitute the preliminary clinical phase of any orthodontic procedure with fixed appliances. It has been accepted in orthodontics the principle that light and continuous forces would be desirable for physiologic and controlled tooth movement. For this purpose, it has been suggested that nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires which offer a force-bending curve with a defined baseline and a larger activation range should be used Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the force versus deflection properties of different brands of NiTi wires available in market. Settings and Design Null hypothesis. There is no difference in force-deflection properties between different brands of same dimension NiTi archwires available in market. A cross-sectional study design was planned. Subjects and Methods Different companies were identified producing their own version or marketing NiTi archwires of the following sizes: 0.016 inch round and 0.016 × 0.022 inch rectangular were selected because all companies produced or marketed these particular sizes, and in addition, these were selected because these wire sizes are commonly used clinically. The three-point bend test was utilized to test the various wires in accordance with the ISO 15841 standard for orthodontic wires with the exception that the bottom support span was 16 mm rather than 10 mm due to fixture limitations. Statistical Analysis Used Data obtained from different brands of wires available in the Indian market Ormco, American Orthodontics, Ortho Organizers, Rocky Mountain Orthodontics 3M and MO which are manufactured in U.S.A, While as Natural, Orthomatix, JJ Orthodontics, Koden, Gdc, Rabbit force, and Optima are manufactered in china. and size 0.016 inch round wire and 0.16x0.022 inch rectangular wires were compared using ANOVA test. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 2.1. Results In this study, the data show that minimum force during activation of 0.016 inch round wire at 1 mm was 95 ± 10 g whereas maximum was 165 ± 10 g with a difference of 70 ± 20 g. Whereas at 3 mm activation, minimum force generated was 150 ± 10 g and maximum was 225 ± 10 g with a difference of 75 ± 20 g. In 0.016 × 0.022 inch rectangular wire, minimum activation force at 1 mm deflection was 210 ± 10, whereas maximum was 340 ± 10 with a difference of 130 ± 20 g. For deactivation, the minimum force for 0.016 wire at 1 mm deflection was 40 ± 10, whereas maximum force was 125 ± 10 with a difference of 85 ± 20 g, and for the 0.016 × 0.022 wire, the minimum load at 1 mm deflection was 150 ± 10 g, whereas the maximum was 295 ± 10 g with a difference of 145 ± 20 g. The deactivation force in majority of brands (8) at 1 mm deflection was <80 g whereas at 3 mm, majority brands have force levels >150–195 g. The deactivation force at 3 mm deflection in five brands was between 235 and 335 and five other brands between 335 and 445 whereas at 1 mm, deflection majority of brands was between 170 and 200 g. Conclusion From this data, a comparative evaluation shows that there is a huge difference in force-deflection properties of same dimension wire from different brands, which means that its making the orthodontic treatment more indeterminate; some wires have shown less and some have shown more force. Wires of the same materials, dimensions, but from different manufacturers do not always have the same mechanical properties. There are significant differences in the activation and deactivation forces among the different manufacturers of NiTi archwires. Improvements should be made in the standardization of the manufacturing testing process of NiTi archwires to provide orthodontists with NiTi archwires that have consistent mechanical properties despite the manufacturing brand that produces them.
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Shirakawa, Nobukazu, Toshio Iwata, Shinjiro Miyake, Takero Otuka, So Koizumi, and Toshitugu Kawata. "Mechanical properties of orthodontic wires covered with a polyether ether ketone tube." Angle Orthodontist 88, no. 4 (March 23, 2018): 442–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/082417-572.1.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the esthetics and frictional force of an orthodontic wire passed through a newly designed tube made of a polyether ether ketone (PEEK) resin. Materials and Methods: Two types of standard PEEK tubes were prepared at 0.5 × 0.6ф and 0.8 × 0.9ф, and different archwires were passed through the tubes. Color values were determined according to brightness and hues. Friction was assessed with different bracket-wire combinations, and surface roughness was determined by stereomicroscopy before and after the application of friction. Results: The PEEK tube showed a color difference that was almost identical to that of coated wires conventionally used in clinical practice, indicating a sufficient esthetic property. The result of the friction test showed that the frictional force was greatly reduced by passing the archwire through the PEEK tube in almost all of the archwires tested. Conclusions: Use of the new PEEK tube demonstrated a good combination of esthetic and functional properties for use in orthodontic appliances.
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Costa, Eduardo Oliveira da, Marco Nassar Blagitz, and David Normando. "Impact of catastrophizing on pain during orthodontic treatment." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 25, no. 1 (January 2020): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.25.1.064-069.oar.
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ABSTRACT Objective: This study proposed to investigate the influence of catastrophizing and others factors related to pain during orthodontic treatment. Methods: 27 patients with 0.022 x 0.028-in Straight-wire brackets were evaluated during alignment and leveling phase with nickel-titanium wires. Visual Analog Scales measured the intensity of orthodontic pain at six moments after a clinical appointment: 6 first hours; 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days. Multiple linear regression and stepwise approach assessed the influence of the following variables on pain: catastrophizing, sex, age, duration of treatment, clinical appointment time (morning or afternoon), and wire diameter. Results: The highest pain intensity was reported 24 hours after activation. These data were used to analyze factors associated with pain level. Age (r = 0.062, p= 0.7586), sex (p= 0.28), catastrophizing (r = -0.268, p= 0.1765), and orthodontic wire diameter (r = 0.0245, p= 0.2181) were not correlated with orthodontic pain in the univariate statistics. Catastrophizing was included in the multiple regression model because it was of great interest. Duration of orthodontic treatment (r = 0.6045, p= 0.0008) and the time when orthodontic appliance was activated (p= 0.0106) showed statistical significant associations with pain, and were also included in the multivariate regression, which showed that about 32% of orthodontic pain could be explained by the duration of treatment (R2= 0.32, p= 0.0475). Catastrophizing (R2= 0.0006, p= 0.8881) and clinical appointment time were not significantly associated with pain (R2= 0.037, p= 0.2710). Conclusions: Pain after activation of fixed orthodontic appliance is not associated with catastrophizing as well as age, sex, orthodontic wire diameter, and period of activation.
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Sockalingam, S. Nagarajan M. P., Ahmad Shuhud Irfani Zakaria, Khairil Aznan Mohamed Khan, Fayyadhah Mohd Azmi, and Nurhidayah Muhd Noor. "Simple Orthodontic Correction of Rotated Malpositioned Teeth Using Sectional Wire and 2×4 Orthodontic Appliances in Mixed-Dentition: A Report of Two Cases." Case Reports in Dentistry 2020 (July 1, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6972196.
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The correction of rotated malpositioned tooth/teeth into the dental arch alignment in the mixed-dentition is often a challenging task for paediatric dentists. Failure in addressing this issue can bring about detrimental effect to the developing dentition and increases the probability of a complex orthodontic treatment in later years. Factors such as severity of the malpositioned teeth, patient’s treatment compliance, limitation in specific functions of the selected appliance, availability of bone and space may dictate the success of the treatment. The combined use of a simple sectional orthodontic wire appliance and a 2×4 orthodontic appliance has been shown to produce a positive effect. The appliances resulted in derotation of the rotated malpositioned teeth and bringing them into arch alignment in two cases. This treatment option had eliminated the detrimental effects to the developing dentition and helped patients to enhance their smile and dental aesthetics.
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Abdelrahman, Reem Sh, Kazem S. Al-Nimri, and Emad F. Al Maaitah. "A clinical comparison of three aligning archwires in terms of alignment efficiency: A prospective clinical trial." Angle Orthodontist 85, no. 3 (August 4, 2014): 434–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/041414-274.1.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: To clinically evaluate the effectiveness of three orthodontic aligning archwires in relation to tooth alignment speed during the initial alignment stage of treatment. Materials and Methods: A consecutive sample of 74 patients requiring lower only or upper and lower fixed orthodontic appliances were randomly allocated into three different archwires (0.014-inch superelastic nickel-titanium [NiTi], 0.014-inch thermoelastic NiTi, or 0.014-inch conventional NiTi). Good quality impressions were taken of the lower arch before archwire placement (T0) and at designated serial stages of alignment (every 2 weeks: T2, T4, T6, …, T16). The change in tooth alignment was measured in millimeters from the resultant casts using Little's irregularity index. Demographic and clinical differences among the three groups were compared with the chi-square or analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. The difference in the change of lower anterior tooth alignment over time among the three groups was explored with a Split Plot ANOVA (SPANOVA, or within- and between-groups ANOVA). The Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test was used when data were not normally distributed. Results: The SPANOVA and Wilks Lambda Multivariate test confirmed that the wire type had no influence on the rate of change in alignment (P = .98). Conclusion: The three forms of NiTi wires were similar in terms of their alignment efficiency during the initial aligning stage of orthodontic fixed appliance therapy.
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Melrose, C. A., J. Appleton, and B. B. J. Lovius. "A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of Early Enamel Caries Formed in Vivo beneath Orthodontic Bands." British Journal of Orthodontics 23, no. 1 (February 1996): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/bjo.23.1.43.
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A clinical trial was conducted to investigate the development of caries lesions associated with fixed orthodontic appliance therapy. To introduce a cariogenic challenge on Sound buccal enamel surface in vivo, specially designed orthodontic bands were attached to premolars scheduled for extraction for orthodontic reasons. The bands were modified by having two metal wires (0·8 mm in diameter) welded to the inner surface of the band to produce a space for plaque accumulation similar to that occurring under loose orthodontic bands. The bands were cemented with a zinc phosphate cement (Tenet®) an left in situ for 4 weeks. Of 22 premolar teeth banded in eight different patients, eight showed definite white spot lesions, eight showed definite faint enamel opacities, and six showed no discernable lesions. Examination of definite white spot lesions by scanning electron microscopy revealed characteristic patterns of initial tissue destruction. Focal holes and an accentuation of the perikymata were observed affecting the enamel surface zone, an area previously considered to remain relatively intact during the development of a caries lesion. The superficial nature of the caries lesions observed and the rapidly of their formation is significant in the clinical management of decalcified areas forming beneath orthodontics bands.
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Pires, Mario Sergio Medeiros, Leandro Calcagno Reinhardt, Guilherme de Marco Antonello, and Ricardo Torres do Couto. "Use of Orthodontic Mini-Implants for Maxillomandibular Fixation in Mandibular Fracture." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 4, no. 4 (December 2011): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1293522.
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Orthodontic appliances for skeletal anchorage are becoming increasingly more common in clinical practice. Similarly, different terms such as mini-implants, microimplants, and miniscrews have been used. There is a wide array of appliances currently on the market, in different designs and sizes, diameters, degree of titanium purity, and surface treatment. These appliances have been used for a variety of indications, including tooth retraction, intrusion, and traction. This study aimed to report the clinical case of a 19-year-old patient with a fractured mandible and to propose a novel use of mini-implants: the perioperative placement of mini-implants as anchors for maxillomandibular fixation steel wire ligatures. We concluded that this appliance provides an effective maxillomandibular fixation in patients with mandibular fracture, with little increase in the cost of surgery.
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Abdelrahman, Reem Sh, Kazem S. Al-Nimri, and Emad F. Al Maaitah. "Pain experience during initial alignment with three types of nickel-titanium archwires: A prospective clinical trial." Angle Orthodontist 85, no. 6 (January 28, 2015): 1021–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/071614-498.1.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To clinically evaluate the pain intensity during the week following initial placement of three different orthodontic aligning archwires. Materials and Methods: A consecutive sample of 75 patients requiring upper and lower fixed orthodontic appliances were alternately allocated into three different archwires (0.014-inch superelastic NiTi, 0.014-inch thermoelastic NiTi or 0.014-inch conventional NiTi). Assessments of pain/discomfort were made on a daily basis over the first 7-day period after bonding by means of visual analog scale and consumption of analgesics. The maximum pain score was recorded. The possible associations between age, gender, degree of crowding, and teeth irregularity and the pain intensity were also examined. Demographic and clinical differences between the three groups were compared with chi-square test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Results: No statistically significant differences were found in the pain intensity when the three aligning NiTi archwires were compared (P = .63). No significant differences in pain perception were found in terms of gender, age, lower arch crowding, and incisor irregularity. The intake of analgesics was the least in the superelastic NiTi group. Conclusion: The three forms of NiTi wires were similar in terms of pain intensity during the initial aligning stage of orthodontic fixed appliance therapy. Gender, age, and the degree of crowding have no effect on the perceived discomfort experienced by patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.
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Martha, Krisztina, Alexandru Ogodescu, Cristina Ioana Bica, and Cristina Molnar Varlam. "Corrosion Behaviour and Surface Modification of Intra-orally Engaged Orthodontic Ni-Ti Wires." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 5 (June 15, 2017): 1077–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.5.5615.
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Almost all orthodontic wires suffer from corrosion as they are intra-orally engaged. This chemical structure alteration appears on the surface of these wires, surface topography can be easily visualised with scanning electron microscope method. The aim of our study was to assess the intraoral corrosion of the retrieved orthodontic Ni-Ti archwires. Archwire retrieval procedure yielded approximately 30 retrieved wires, placed intra-orally for 1-5 months. SEM analysis was performed and surface changes were interpreted. Our SEM results showed, that surface corrosion and pitting can be seen on the surface of retrieved Ni-Ti wires, the depth of corrosion depends on the time wires have been engaged in the oral cavity. With regards of metal liberation consequently surface corrosion, practitioners should be avare of these chemical changes which can affect the resistence of the orthodontic appliance and patient health.
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Kravitz, Neal D. "Interceptive Orthodontics with Resin Turbos for Pseudo-Class III Malocclusions." Case Reports in Dentistry 2019 (May 5, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1909063.
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Background and Overview. Lingual eruption of the permanent maxillary central incisors in the early mixed dentition can result in a traumatic anterior crossbite, causing mobility and gingival recession to the opposing mandibular incisors.Case Description. This case report presents a common finding of a 7-year-old boy with a dental crossbite and pseudo-Class III malocclusion caused by lingual eruption of the maxillary central incisors. An interceptive phase of orthodontic treatment was provided by bonding a beveled resin turbo on the mandibular incisors. The crossbite was corrected in 3 months without any orthodontic appliances. In the absence of the traumatic occlusion, the mandibular incisors stabilized and the gingival tissue was expected to regenerate.Conclusions and Practical Implications. Dentists and orthodontists can place beveled resin turbos on the mandibular incisors to jump an anterior dental crossbite conservatively, without the use of orthodontic brackets and wires.
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Yohana, Winny. "Fixed Orthodontic Treatment in a Child Patient with Dentoalveolar Fracture: A Case Report." Key Engineering Materials 829 (December 2019): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.829.197.
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The incidence of dentoalveolar fracture in children is high about 18% because they are often active, lack of body coordination, and immature mental. The dentoalveolar fractures treatment to the children differs from adults, because of the immature bone structure. The purpose of this study is to investigate the treatment of dentoalveolar fracture in child patient using fixed orthodontic appliance. A 15-year-old boy treated with braces caused by malocclusion class 1 Angle type 1. The child suffers from dentoalveolar fracture of the mandibular anterior tooth and mandibular alveolar bone injury after a motorcycle accident. Fortunately, the patient was using an orthodontic fixed appliance that served as a splinting so that severe damage could be prevented. Treatment: the wound was cleaned by betadine antiseptic solution, and braces bonding on the labial of anterior teeth. The lingual region was splinted with wire as 0.7 SS combined with composite resin to make splinting stronger. The patient was given 500mg amoxicillin and 500mg ibuprofen. Wire SS 0.016 is indicated to have superior strength, and the strength remains a support in fixed orthodontic therapy because the stainless steel alloys are of "18-8" austenitic type contain chromium (7-25%), Nickel (8-25% ) and Carbon (1-2%). Chromium in this stainless steel alloy customs a thin oxide layer which blocks the diffusion of oxygen into the alloy and allows the corrosion resistance of the alloy. Stainless steel is introduced for the use of creating appliances. Archwires have high stiffness, low springiness, corrosion resistance, low range and good formability. These wires are often less expensive than the other ones and they can be readily used as archwires in an orthodontic treatment and splinting as well. After two months of splinting treatment, the tooth position approximately back to normal; there was unification alveolar bone in the radiographic evaluation. Dentoalveolar fracture treatment is to restore the teeth and alveolar bone in order that dentoalveolar structure to function properly, and aesthetic function is achieved.
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Geiger, Martin, Juergen Schneider, and Franz G. Sander. "Finite Element Calculation of Bone Remodeling in Orthodontics by Using Forces and Moments." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 03, no. 02 (June 2003): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519403000673.
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Orthodontic appliances induce bone remodeling by acting as systems of forces and moments onto the crown of a tooth. These forces and moments should be within low physiological range to avoid resorptions. This is often realized by the use of superelastic wires or springs. For improving the design of these devices, we use the Finite Element Method (FEM) to simulate the behavior of teeth and devices. Great advantages were made in simulating the bone remodeling during the movement of a single tooth. Due to the lack of element types implementing hysteresis in the stress/strain graph, it is difficult to simulate the non-linear material properties of the superelastic wires made of NiTi-alloys. For this reason, we integrated the measurement of the devices into the calculation of the tooth movement. In this study we simulate the orthodontic long-term tooth movement of the canine retraction, using the new hybrid retraction spring.5 This spring allows a well-defined adjustment of the acting force system. The result of this study provides an example of how this approach can be used for future comparison of different orthodontic devices.
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Łępicka, M., M. Grądzka-Dahlke, and I. Szarmach. "Corrosion Damage Investigation of Silver-Soldered Stainless Steel Orthodontic Appliances Used in Vivo / Ocena Zniszczeń Korozyjnych Używanych In Vivo Stałych Aparatów Ortodontycznych O Połączeniach Lutowanych Na Bazie Srebra." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 2569–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0415.
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Processes of destruction of products used in orthodontic treatment, e.g. fixed orthodontic appliances, microimplants or dental prostheses considerably limit its operational lifetime and comfort and safety of patients. The objective of the research was to evaluate and assess corrosion damage to silver-soldered stainless steel rapid palatal expansion Hyrax devices. Used in vivo for 2 or 6 months, respectively, RPE (rapid palatal expansion) devices were analyzed macroscopically and in a scanning electron microscope with an energy X-ray analyzer for signs of corrosion. The evaluated appliances showed discernible differences between the overall condition of the noble solders and the stainless steel elements. The Ag-rich solders were chiefly covered in corrosion pits, whereas stainless steel wires, molar bands and Hyrax screws presented corrosion-free surfaces. What is more, the EDS analysis showed differential element composition of the solders. According to the results, noble materials, such as Ag-rich solders, can corrode in a salivary environment when coupled with stainless steel. The selective leaching processes are observed.
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Espinosa-Cristóbal, León Francisco, Natalie López-Ruiz, Denisse Cabada-Tarín, Simón Yobanny Reyes-López, Armando Zaragoza-Contreras, Daniel Constandse-Cortéz, Alejandro Donohué-Cornejo, Karla Tovar-Carrillo, Juan Carlos Cuevas-González, and Takaomi Kobayashi. "Antiadherence and Antimicrobial Properties of Silver Nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans on Brackets and Wires Used for Orthodontic Treatments." Journal of Nanomaterials 2018 (July 5, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9248527.
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White spot lesions (WSLs) are very frequent alterations during orthodontic treatments causing demineralization of the dental enamel. Various dental treatments have been developed to prevent WSLs; the prevalence and incidence of these lesions remain significantly high. Although silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have demonstrated good inhibitory effects against several microorganisms, more studies about antiadherence activity on different orthodontic appliance surfaces are necessary. To determine the inhibitory effect and antiadherence activity of AgNPs on the adhesion of S. mutans on surfaces of brackets and wires for orthodontic therapies, two sizes of AgNPs were prepared and characterized. The evaluation of S. mutans adhesion was performed with microbiological assays on surfaces of brackets and orthodontic modules in triplicate. Topographic characteristics of orthodontic brackets and wires were made by scanning electron and atomic force microscopies. All AgNP samples inhibited S. mutans adhesion; however, the smaller AgNPs had better inhibition than the larger ones. The presence of the module influenced the adhesion of S. mutans but not in the activity of AgNPs. The AgNPs used in this study showed to have good antimicrobial and antiadherence properties against S. mutans bacteria determining its high potential use for the control of WSLs in orthodontic treatments.
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Marya, Anand, Adith Venugopal, Nikhilesh Vaid, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, and Mohmed Isaqali Karobari. "Essential Attributes of Clear Aligner Therapy in terms of Appliance Configuration, Hygiene, and Pain Levels during the Pandemic: A Brief Review." Pain Research and Management 2020 (December 8, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6677929.
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Fixed orthodontic treatment has been compromised at many levels during the pandemic period, as clinics underwent a prolonged lockdown and patients could not be treated regularly. With the end of the pandemic nowhere in sight, may be it is time to put newer tools, such as clear aligner therapy, for better use. Fixed orthodontic appliances by nature are not always self-limiting, which, if left unmonitored over a long period may cause undesirable side effects, pain, and discomfort. The undesired tooth movements that may occur with arch wire-guided mechanics in addition to problems with cut wires or removed brackets may be minimized with the use of aligners. While the benefits of using aligners are for all to see, they do require extensive planning and careful evaluation of the progress. This article reviews the advantages of using aligners during the pandemic period and how it can be beneficial in helping orthodontists resume their practice.
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Osório, Suzimara dos Reis Géa, Agenor Osório, Flávia Lucisano Botelho do Amaral, and Flávia Martão Flório. "The effect of heat treatment on sliding mechanics of stainless steel orthodontic wires." Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 18 (May 29, 2019): e190285. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v18i0.8655464.
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Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of heat treatment (tempering) on the sliding mechanics of stainless steel Chrome Nickel (CrNi) orthodontic wires. Methods: A universal testing machine EMIC DL 2000 was used at a speed of 10 mm/minute for reading-out the sliding strength and friction between brackets and wires, by simulating the sliding mechanics in a fixed orthodontic appliance. The results were submitted to ANOVA variance test for statistical analysis at the level of 5% (p<0.05). Results: The results indicated that depending on the type of bracket, wire and type of treatment, the groups without heat treatment showed higher mean static friction values, except for groups with CrNi GAC wire and conventional brackets, which showed no significant difference with and without heat treatment; and the group with self-ligated brackets and CrNi GAC wires that showed the lowest mean static friction values with heat treatment. Conclusion: The heat treatment reduced the static friction values on CrNi Morelli wires for any combination of brackets (conventional and self-ligated types) and commercial brands. For the CrNi GAC wires, there was a reduction in friction values only in the combination with In-Ovation R/GAC self-ligated brackets.
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Maki, Koutaro, Katsuyoshi Futaki, Satoru Tanabe, Mariko Takahashi, Yuta Ichikawa, and Tetsutaro Yamaguchi. "Applicative Characteristics of a New Zirconia Bracket with Multiple Slots." International Journal of Dentistry 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4348325.
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We have developed a new orthodontic bracket with three slots with lubricative properties on the working surfaces and proposed a new orthodontic treatment system employing 0.012−0.014-inch Ni-Ti arch wires. We recruited 54 patients, of which 27 received treatment with the new zirconia bracket with multiple slots system (M group), and the others received treatment with standard edge-wise appliances (control group [C group]). We compared the (1) tooth movement rate at the early stage of leveling; (2) changes in the dental arch morphology before and after leveling; and (3) pain caused by orthodontic treatment. Student’st-test was used in all assessments. The tooth movement rate in the maxillomandibular dentition was higher in the M group. The basal arch width, anterior length, and the intercanine width in the maxillary dentition were not significantly different in the two groups; however, the intercanine width in the mandibular dentition was higher in the C group. In assessments of treatment-related pain, the visual analogue pain score was 56.0 mm and 22.6 mm in the C and M groups, respectively. A new zirconia bracket with multiple slots system provided better outcomes with respect to tooth movement rate, treatment period, and postoperative pain, thus indicating its effectiveness over conventional orthodontic systems.
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Martinelli, Fernando Lima, Priscilla Sobral Couto, and Antonio Carlos Oliveira Ruellas. "Three Palatal Arches Used to Correct Posterior Dental Crossbites." Angle Orthodontist 76, no. 6 (November 1, 2006): 1047–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/111105-397.
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Abstract Objective: To assess the force, resilience, and elasticity modulus produced by the Coffin appliance, “W” arch, and quad-helix made with 0.032-inch and 0.036-inch stainless steel wire. Materials and Methods: Two groups of 15 arches were made as Coffin appliances, two groups of 15 arches were made as “W” arches, and two groups of 15 arches were made as quad-helices. One group of each appliance was formed in 0.032-inch and one group in 0.036-inch stainless steel wire. All arches (6 groups of 15 each) were submitted to compression trials in the mechanical testing machine EMIC DL-10000, simulating 5-, 8-, 10-, and 12-mm activation. The force and resilience means received a one-way ANOVA statistical analysis. Results: The results showed that the mechanical properties depended on the shape of the appliance, the diameter of the wire used, and the amount of activation. Conclusions: The three appliances assessed produce appropriate forces for orthodontic treatment as long as they are correctly planned during clinical application.
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Kuhta, Maja, Dubravko Pavlin, Martina Slaj, Suzana Varga, Marina Lapter-Varga, and Mladen Slaj. "Type of Archwire and Level of Acidity: Effects on the Release of Metal Ions from Orthodontic Appliances." Angle Orthodontist 79, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/083007-401.1.
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Abstract Objective: To examine the effects of three different parameters—pH value, type of archwire, and length of immersion—on release of metal ions from orthodontic appliances. Materials and Methods: Simulated fixed orthodontic appliances that corresponded to one-half of the maxillary arch were immersed in artificial saliva of different pH values (6.75 ± 0.15 and 3.5 ± 0.15) during a 28-day period. Three types of archwires were used: stainless steel (SS), nickel-titanium (NiTi), and thermo NiTi. The quantity of metal ions was determined with the use of a high-resolution mass spectrophotometer (HR-ICP/MS). Results: The release of six different metal ions was observed: titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). Repeated measures statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. Results showed that (1) the appliances released measurable quantities of all ions examined; (2) the change in pH had a very strong effect (up to 100-fold) on the release of ions; and (3) the release of ions was dependent on wire composition, but it was not proportional to the content of metal in the wire. The largest number of ions was released during the first week of appliance immersion. Conclusion: Levels of released ions are sufficient to cause delayed allergic reactions. This must be taken into account when type of archwire is selected, especially in patients with hypersensitivity or compromised oral hygiene.
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Yamyar, Sheetal, and Suchita Daokar. "Oxidative Stress Levels in Orthodontic Patients and Efficacy of Antioxidant Supplements in Combating Its Effects- A Randomized Clinical Study." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v9i2.28409.
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Introduction: Orthodontic appliances are considered to be biocompatible although adverse effects attributed to release of nickel ion which are free radicals in oral cavity. These free radical produce damages both in cellular and extracellular components phospholipid membrane, proteins, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA leading to Oxidative stress which is normally counter balanced by the action antioxidant mechanisms. However in higher concentrations of free radicals resulting in cellular death and apoptosis Orthodontic appliances such as brackets, wire, resins has considered as potential allergen leading to release of free radicals. The study was conducted to determine and compare the role of oxidative stress and role of antioxidants in saliva of patients undergoing fixed orthodontic appliances therapy at different time intervals.
Materials & Method: A double-blinded, parallel, randomized clinical study was designed consisting of 40 healthy participants, aged 15-30yrs. The samples were divided into two groups Group A without antioxidants supplements and Group B with antioxidants supplements. Salivary MDA levels and gingival health index was recorded at different time intervals from each group. Salivary Lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde) level was estimated using Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method and gingival status was investigated using Silness & Loe gingival index. Intragroup and intergroup comparison was statistically analyzed using student’s paired T test.
Result: Increased salivary MDA levels and mild to moderate amount of gingivitis is seen in both groups. This is more pronounced after 24 hours of appliance placement. Improvement in salivary MDA levels and gingival health status is observed during the course of treatment, In Group B the salivary MDA levels and gingival health index score reached below their pretreatment values. However even after a span of 3 months the levels remained higher to their base values in Group A.
Conclusion: Improvement in salivary MDA levels and gingival health status is observed following antioxidant therapy during course of treatment, indicating combating nature of antioxidant supplements in orthodontic patients.
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Kitaura, Hideki, Yuji Fujimura, Noriko Nakao, Toshiko Eguchi, and Noriaki Yoshida. "Treatment of a Patient with Metal Hypersensitivity after Orthognathic Surgery." Angle Orthodontist 77, no. 5 (September 1, 2007): 923–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/082306-344.
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Abstract In this case report, orthodontic materials may have induced metal allergic reactions in the form of lip swelling and redness after orthognathic surgery. Two months after surgery, the patient suffered continuous lip swelling and redness. She visited a dermatological hospital and was diagnosed with herpes. However, since her symptoms did not improve after 1-month of drug therapy, a metal allergy was subsequently suggested. Patch tests conducted in the dental hospital revealed reactions to chromium, which is not used in prosthetic appliances. For confirmation, the metal composition of all prosthetic appliances was examined using a fluorescent x-ray analyzer, but no chromium was detected (copper, gold, palladium, and silver were detected). However, the orthodontic brackets, wires, and bands do contain chromium and, considering that they may have induced the metal allergic reactions, they were replaced with materials made of polymer with no metals. As a result, the lip swelling and redness improved. For retention, the anterior part of the retainer was bonded on the lingual side of the anterior lower and upper jaws. During retention, no further symptoms of hypersensitivity were observed, suggesting that the nonmetal polymer is useful for treatment of metal allergic patients.
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Papageorgiou, Spyridon N., Raphael Tilen, Vaska Vandevska-Radunovic, and Theodore Eliades. "Occlusal outcome after orthodontic treatment with preadjusted straight-wire and standard edgewise appliances." Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie 82, no. 5 (January 13, 2021): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00056-020-00273-z.
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Abstract Purpose Orthodontic fixed appliances have been proven to be effective in treating a wide variety of malocclusions, and different types of appliances have emerged during recent decades. However, the comparative effects of different appliances have not been adequately assessed. Thus, the aim was to assess the occlusal outcome of orthodontic treatment with preadjusted straight-wire (SWIRE) and standard edgewise (SEDGE) appliances. Methods In all, 56 patients (mean age: 13.5 years; 45% male) receiving extraction-based treatment with either SWIRE or SEDGE appliances were included. Between-group differences in the occlusal outcome assessed with the American Board of Orthodontists Objective Grading System (ABO-OGS) and treatment duration were analyzed statistically at the 5% level. Results The average ABO-OGS score was 31.3 ± 7.2 points and 34.0 ± 10.4 points in the SWIRE and SEDGE groups with no statistically significant difference between groups (P = 0.26). Treatment duration was significantly shorter in the SWIRE group compared to the SEDGE group, with an average difference of −6.8 months (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = −9.6 to −4.0 months; P < 0.001). Likewise, fewer visits were needed with SWIRE compared to SEDGE appliances with an average difference of −7.2 visits (95% CI = −10.3 to −4.2 visits; P < 0.001). Adjusting for the influence of any potential confounders did not considerably impact the results. Conclusion Similar treatment outcomes were observed after premolar extraction treatment with SWIRE and SEDGE appliances. On the other hand, SEDGE appliances were associated with prolonged treatment duration and more visits needed to complete treatment compared to SWIRE appliances.
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Kielan-Grabowska, Zofia, Justyna Bącela, Anna Zięty, Wioletta Seremak, Marta Gawlik-Maj, Beata Kawala, Beata Borak, Jerzy Detyna, and Michał Sarul. "Improvement of Properties of Stainless Steel Orthodontic Archwire Using TiO2:Ag Coating." Symmetry 13, no. 9 (September 18, 2021): 1734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13091734.
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Orthodontic treatment carries the risk of major complications such as enamel demineralization, tooth decay, gingivitis, and periodontal damage. A large number of elements of fixed orthodontic appliance results in the creation of additional plaque retention sites which increase the risk of biofilm creation. Modification of the surface of orthodontic elements may prevent the formation of bacterial biofilm. In this paper, surface modification of stainless steel orthodontic wires with TiO2: Ag was carried out by the sol-gel thin film dip-coating method. To obtain the anatase crystal structure, substrates were calcined for 2 h at 500 °C. The properties of the obtained coatings were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electrochemical tests. Corrosion studies were performed in a Ringer’s solution, which simulated physiological solution. SEM and XRD analyses of the coated surface confirmed the presence of Ag nanoparticles which may have antimicrobial potential.
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Portes Canongia, Ana Carolina, Daniela Sales Alviano Moreno, Leida Gomes Abraçado, Matheus Melo Pithon, and Mônica Tirre Araújo. "Effectiveness of methods for cleaning arch wire: an in vitro study." Bioscience Journal 37 (February 25, 2021): e37017. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/bj-v37n0a2021-55339.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate various methods of removing bacterial and fungus biofilm, to simulate orthodontic arch wires cleaning before reinsertion in the patients appliance. Rectangular Nickel Titanium (NiTi), Stainless Steel (SS) and Titanium Molybdenum (TMA) wires were divided into five groups, then contaminated with strains of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicas. Four segments of each group served as control and were not contaminated. Six cleanings methods were used to remove the biofilm: cotton roll and a chemical agent (chlorhexidine, sodium hypochlorite, 70% alcohol), cotton roll and water, steel woll and immersion on enzymatic detergent. There was a control group not decontaminated Then wires were placed in broth separately, and after an incubation period the optical density (OD) was measured, observing whether there was microbial growth. A wire segment of each subgroup of SS 3M® was taken to the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for visualization of the treatment response. The results were submitted to one-way ANOVA test and Tukey post-test. With the exception of 70% alcohol, the disinfection means behaved similarly regardless the type of wire. Two percent Chlorhexidine and 1% Sodium Hypochlorite totally removed the microorganisms while other agents left a high microbial concentration. Chemical cleaning is necessary to remove biofilm in orthodontic wires; 1% Sodium Hypochlorite and 2% Chlorhexidine are good disinfectants for this purpose.
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Kishore, Shreya, Sumathi Felicita A., and Suvetha Siva. "Evaluation of Nickel Release in Blood and Periodontal Tissue with the Use of NiTi Wires, Bands and Brackets in Orthodontics – A Systematic Review." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 20 (May 17, 2021): 1539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/321.
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BACKGROUND It is of outmost importance to know the effects of nickel on a cellular level. The objective of this systematic review was to analyse the factors affecting nickel release, the amount of nickel being released in commercially available NiTi wires and to also analyse the blood / periodontal evaluation after orthodontic treatment in conventional and nickel free brackets. METHODS For this systematic review, relevant articles were searched in PubMed, MedLine, Cochrane, EMBASE and Google Scholar databases, along with a complimentary manual search of all orthodontic journals from January 1980 till the year 2019 December. The study included in vitro and in vivo studies. 14 articles were included in this systematic review. RESULTS 160 articles were obtained initially. 41 were obtained by a manual search. 186 articles were excluded based on the inclusion criteria and 14 articles were found to be eligible. CONCLUSION This systematic review shows that nickel solution at a minimal concentration could damage human gingival fibroblast. As the carcinogenic effect of nickel has been already confirmed, other alloys that do not contain the heavy metal nickel can be used or standardization of the amount of nickel leach out from the appliance should be considered. KEY WORDS NiTi, Nickel Release, Periodontal Tissue or Periodontium, Cytotoxicity, Orthodontics
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Abdul Aziz, Azrul Hafiz. "New Water Irrigator For Cleaning Dental Plaque." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 6, no. 10 (October 31, 2018): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol6.iss10.1190.
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Patient with fixed appliances (braces) must have good oral hygiene to prevent dental caries, decalcification, periodontal problems and oral health diseases. Many orthodontic patients’ complaint of not able to clean between their fixed appliances (braces) due to the arch wires prevented the insertion of the toothbrush. Food can also get stuck between the fixed appliances and their teeth. This could result in dental cavity and gum disease for this patient if left untreated. In this study, a new device of tooth cleaning was tested against normal tooth brushing. A new cleaning device which uses water irrigation to remove dental plaque on tooth enamel surfaces were develop for this study. Both method of tooth cleanings was compared between each other on the effectiveness to remove dental plaque on tooth enamel surfaces. In the end, water irrigator was found to be slightly more effective to clean dental plaque.