Relevant bibliographies by topics / Orthodontics Cephalometry

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Orthodontics Cephalometry'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Orthodontics Cephalometry"

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Speidel, T. Michael. "Orthodontic cephalometry." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 111, no. 4 (1997): 458–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-5406(97)80037-6.

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Arat, Zuleyha Mirzen, Mehmet Okan Akcam, Elçin Esenlik, and F. Emel Arat. "Inconsistencies in the Differential Diagnosis of Open Bite." Angle Orthodontist 78, no. 3 (2008): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/021907-80.1.

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Abstract Objective: To examine inconsistencies in the differential diagnosis of open bite. Materials and Methods: Using visual judgments, a total of 77 anterior open-bite cases in the postpubertal growth period were grouped as either morphogenetic, functional, or combination. The same sample was also grouped as either hyperdivergent, normodivergent, or hypodivergent using mandibular-plane angle and conventional cephalometry. Kappa analysis was used to test the agreement between the 2 methods of evaluation, and χ2 tests were used to analyze the distribution of cephalometrically grouped hyperdivergent, normodivergent, and hypodivergent cases among the visually assessed morphogenetic, functional and combination groups and vice versa. A κ score of 0.343 indicated a weak agreement between visual judgment and cephalometric methods of evaluation (P < .001). Results: Despite the expectation that cases evaluated as hyperdivergent using cephalometry would be visually evaluated as morphogenetic, more than half of the cases assessed as hyperdivergent were in fact classified as functional. Conclusions: These findings highlight the inadequacy of relying solely on cephalometric evaluation to classify open bite.
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Graber, T. M. "Radiographic Cephalometry." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 109, no. 2 (1996): 222–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-5406(96)80074-6.

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Bollen, Anne-Marie. "Cephalometry in orthodontics: 2D and 3D." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 156, no. 1 (2019): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.04.021.

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Sobieska, Ewa, and Anna Widmańska-Grzywaczewska. "Cephalometry in orthodontic diagnostics – past and present." Orthodontic Forum 15, no. 2 (2019): 120–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/for.2019.88346.

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KARSLI, Erol, and Ahmet YAĞCI. "Overview of Orthodontics and Anthropometry; Cephalometry-Anthropometry Affinity." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences 24, no. 1 (2018): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/dentalsci.2017-55751.

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Kumar, Vandana, John Ludlow, Lucia Helena Soares Cevidanes, and André Mol. "In Vivo Comparison of Conventional and Cone Beam CT Synthesized Cephalograms." Angle Orthodontist 78, no. 5 (2008): 873–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/082907-399.1.

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Abstract Objective: To compare measurements from synthesized cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) lateral cephalograms using orthogonal and perspective projections with those from conventional cephalometric radiographs. Materials and Methods: Thirty-one patients were imaged using CBCT and conventional cephalometry. CBCT volume data were imported in Dolphin 3D. Orthogonal and perspective lateral cephalometric radiographs were created from three-dimensional (3D) virtual models. Twelve linear and five angular measurements were made on synthesized and conventional cephalograms in a randomized fashion. Conventional image measurements were corrected for known magnification. Linear and angular measurements were compared between image modalities using repeated measures analysis of variance. Statistical significance was defined as an α level of .01. Results: With the exception of the Frankfort-mandibular plane angle (P < .0001), angular measurements were not statistically different for any modality (P > .01). Linear measurements, whether based on soft or hard tissue landmarks, were not statistically different (P > .01). Conclusions: Measurements from in vivo CBCT synthesized cephalograms are similar to those based on conventional radiographic images. Thus, additional conventional imaging may generally be avoided when CBCT scans are acquired for orthodontic diagnosis.
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Pałka, Justyna, Grzegorz Zieliński, Joanna Gawda, and Piotr Gawda. "Diagnostic methods used in children with malocclusion." Polish Journal of Public Health 130, no. 1 (2020): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjph-2020-0009.

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Abstract Introduction. With advances in technology, there has been a need for more precise imaging methods which have become an integral part of the orthodontic treatment plan. Aim. The aim of this study is to present diagnostic methods that are currently used in children with malocclusion. Material and methods. The materials analysed in this review are articles from PubMed and Google Scholar. To identify relevant publications, the search was carried out using the key word combination: imaging, diagnostics, malocclusion, children, orthodontics. The number of 16 research papers in which these keywords appeared were qualified for this review. Results. According to the mentioned publications, pantomographic images are the most frequently recommended method for detecting dental anomalies. Cephalometry was used to observe changes in the facial axis and to measure the length of the jaw. CBCT is being used more and more often, mainly to identify possible prognostic factors in the case of canine retention/eruption in the maxilla. The method of magnetic resonance imaging was also compared with cephalometric images. Conclusions. 1. The pantomogram is a useful and frequently used method in the detection of craniofacial anomalies. 2. Cephalometry allows the effects of the treatment to be monitored. 3. CBCT is a significant diagnostic tool to assess the growth of craniofacial structures. 4. MRI diagnostics limits the patient’s exposure to harmful ionizing radiation. 5. There is a need to educate medical staff and conduct further research on the methods of diagnostic imaging in children.
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Fitrianto, Ardan, Thalca Hamid, and Ida Bagus Narmada. "Analysis of Soft Tissue Cephalometry in Skeletal Class I with Post Operation Unilateral and Bilateral CLP." Indonesian Journal of Dental Medicine 1, no. 2 (2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijdm.v1i2.2018.66-69.

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Background: Facial appearance is an important diagnostic criterion that must be considered in orthodontics treatment plan. Orthodontics treatment is one of the dental treatments to prevent or correct tooth position abnormalities so that optimal function can be achieved including occlusion, proportional arrangement of the teeth and facial profile, as well as the harmony of facial profiles. Common facial abnormality cases include cleft lip and palate. Cleft lip and palate are caused by congenital defects and environmental factors. Purpose: The study was aimed to determine post-operative soft tissue cephalometric analysis of skeletal class I with post-operative of unilateral and bilateral CLP. Methods: This was a descriptive observational study. The subjects were secondary data from radiographic cephalometry obtained from the CLP Center Premier Hospital Surabaya and Universitas Airlangga Dental Hospital. Result: There was a significant difference in line angle parameters in both groups with a significant value of 0.002 (p <0.05). There were also significant differences in the Li-H line parameters in both groups with a significant value of 0.000 (p <0.05). There were H line angle and Li-H line differences in soft tissue cephalometric analysis between skeletal class I group with post-operative unilateral and bilateral CLP group. Conclusion: There was no difference in soft tissue cephalometric analysis between the post-operative of unilateral CLP and bilateral CLP on all parameters.
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Govinakovi, Prashantha S., Ibrahim Al-Busaidi, and Viswapurna Senguttuvan. "Cephalometric Norms in an Omani Adult Population of Arab Descent." Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] 18, no. 2 (2018): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2018.18.02.010.

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Objectives: This study aimed to establish cephalometric norms for an Omani population of Arab descent and to compare these with established cephalometric values for Caucasians. Methods: This cross-sectional studywas conducted at the Military Dental Centre and Oman Dental College in Muscat, Oman, between May 2014 and October 2016. A total of 150 Omani patients between 20–29 years old seeking orthodontic treatment were included. All participants had a symmetrical face, class I molar and canine relationships, proper intercuspation, a normal overjet/overbite (<3 mm) and mild spacing/crowding of the teeth (≤3 mm). Lateral cephalography was performed in centric occlusion with the lips relaxed and the head in a natural position. Cephalometric measurements were then compared with Eastman Standard norms. Results: The Omani subjects were found to have a slightly retrusive maxilla, an increased angle between the maxillary and mandibular planes and shorter facial heights in comparison to the Eastman Standard norms. Furthermore, incisor relations were edge-to-edge in nature and the interincisal angle was reduced, suggesting that the Omani subjects had more proclined incisors. In addition, the lips were more protrusive and the nasolabial angle was more obtuse. Conclusion: In the Omani sample, increased proclination of the incisors was observed in comparison to Eastman Standard norms. As such, slightly more proclined incisors should be considered acceptable and natural among Omani patients of Arab descent. The cephalometric findings of this study may be helpful in the diagnosis and treatment planning of orthodontic problems among Omanis of Arab descent.Keywords: Cephalometry, standards; Population Characteristics; Ethnic Groups; Arabs; Orthodontics; Oman.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Orthodontics Cephalometry"

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Roos, Bryan K. "A comparison of soft tissue prediction tracings using the Andrews and Ricketts diagnostic techniques." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2819.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 77 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-61).
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Hamilton, Jennifer. "Individual preferences for profile attractiveness comparing two diagnostic techniques." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5045.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 173 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 82-86).
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Lau, Yun-wah. "Comparative cephalometric errors an intra-and inter-examiner error study of orthodontic and surgical patients /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B38628521.

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Dippenaar, Alfred Meyer. "Utilising radiographic incisor crown markers to determine incisor inclination on headfilms an experimental study on extracted teeth /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03022004-085319/.

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Chan, Chi-kwong Tommy, and 陳志廣. "Effects of cephalometric landmark validity on incisor angulation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31953943.

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劉潤華 and Yun-wah Lau. "Comparative cephalometric errors: an intra-and inter-examiner error study of orthodontic and surgical patients." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38628521.

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Chan, Chi-kwong Tommy. "Effects of cephalometric landmark validity on incisor angulation." Hong Kong : Dept. of Children's Dentistry and Orthodontics, University of Hong Kong, 1991. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1318510X.

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Tang, Shu-sum. "Cephalometric airway measurements in class III skeletal deformity." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B38628065.

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Burr, Frederick Jerome. "Cephalometric evaluation of one-phase and two-phase treatment alternatives in matched class II subjects." View the abstract Download the full-text PDF version, 2007. http://etd.utmem.edu/ABSTRACTS/2007-019-Burr-index.html.

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Thesis (M.S. )--University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2007.<br>Title from title page screen (May 16, 2008). Research advisor: Edward F. Harris, PhD. Document formatted into pages (x, 189 p. : ill.). Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 110-123).
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Gonçalves, Gabriela Mayrink. "Análises cefalométricas para cirurgia ortognática utilizando o software Dolphin Imaging." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287834.

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Orientador: Marcelo Marotta Araújo<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T02:42:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Goncalves_GabrielaMayrink_D.pdf: 1020337 bytes, checksum: e64ba5c1f5cc4b3d4faa53cca8170c92 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012<br>Resumo: Análises cefalométricas constituem um importante passo no planejamento pré-operatório de cirurgias ortognáticas. A partir da década de 80, traçados cefalométricos digitais foram incorporados e tornaram-se populares entre ortodontistas e cirurgiões. O Dolphin Imaging Software® (Chatsworth, California) é um dos programas computacionais mais comumente utilizados em todo o mundo para fins de planejamento e previsão do resultado pós-operatório. Para a análise cefalométrica, é necessária a digitalização de teleradiografias de perfil. Este trabalho, dividido em três capítulos, analisou no Dolphin Imaging Software: 1) se há diferença nas imagens digitalizadas por câmeras digitais ou scanners para uso neste programa 2) a inclinação ântero-posterior de incisivos centrais superiores e inferiores no pré-operatório imediato de pacientes Classe II de Angle submetidos à cirurgia de avanço mandibular e; 3) a recidiva de cirurgias de avanço maxilar em pacientes Classe III de Angle nos quais um cimento de fosfato de cálcio foi utilizado como material de enxertia. Para a realização do primeiro estudo foram utilizadas 10 teleradiografias de perfil escaneadas e fotografadas. Traçados cefalométricos foram realizados e medidas lineares e angulares foram analisadas. Os testes t-Student e Wilcoxon foram aplicados e concluiu-se que ambos os métodos podem ser utilizados para a digitalização das imagens, sem diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os mesmos. O segundo estudo utilizou 30 teleradiografias de perfil de pacientes Classe II no pré-operatório imediato de cirurgias de avanço mandibular. Foram realizados os traçados digitais e a inclinação dos incisivos superiores e inferiores foi analisada por meio de medidas angulares e lineares. Após aplicados os testes estatísticos (t Student), concluiu-se que os incisivos inferiores, em sua maioria, estavam compensados, ou seja, demonstravam uma inclinação mais vestibular, enquanto que os incisivos superiores estavam dentro das medidas consideradas ideais, tratando-se de descompensação dentária. Por fim, o último estudo avaliou a recidiva do movimento de avanço de maxila em 8 pacientes Classe III em que um cimento de fosfato de cálcio foi utilizado como material de enxertia. Foram realizados os traçados cefalométricos das radiografias pré-operatórias e pós-operatórias imediatas e tardias e medidas lineares e angulares que ditam o posicionamento maxilar foram avaliadas. Após realizado o teste estatístico de Tukey (ANOVA), pode-se concluir que apenas em 1 medida foi observada recidiva do movimento, podendo esta técnica ser considerada estável<br>Abstract: Cephalometric analyzes are an important step in preoperative planning of orthognathic surgery. From the 80's, digital cephalometric tracings were incorporated and became popular among orthodontists and surgeons. Dolphin Imaging Software (Chatsworth, California) is one of the computer programs most commonly used worldwide for planning purposes and forecasting the postoperative result. For cephalometric analysis is needed to digitize cephalometrics radiographs. This study was divided in three chapters, analyzed at Dolphin Imaging Software: 1) whether there are differences in the scanned images by digital cameras or scanners for use in this program, 2) the anteroposterior inclination of the upper and lower central incisors in the immediate preoperative patients with Angle Class II underwent mandibular advancement surgery and 3) relapse of maxillary advancement surgery in patients with Class III malocclusion in which a calcium phosphate cement was used as grafting material. For the first study were used 10 cephalometric radiographs scanned and photographed. Cephalometric tracings were performed, and linear and angular measurements were analyzed. The Student t test and Wilcoxon was applied and was concluded that both methods can be used for the digitization of images without statistically significant differences between them. The second study used 30 immediate preoperative cephalometric radiographs of Class II patients that were submitted to mandibular advancement surgery. Digital tracings were made and the inclination of the upper and lower incisors was analyzed by means of angular and linear measurements. After applied the statistical tests (Student t test), it was concluded that the lower incisors were mostly compensated, showing a labially inclination while the upper incisors were at the "ideal" position. Finally, the last study examined the relapse of maxillary advancement surgery of 8 Class III patients where calcium phosphate cement was used as a grafting material. We carried out the cephalometric analysis of radiographs of preoperative and postoperative early and late, and linear and angular measurements that dictate the maxillary positioning were evaluated. After performing the Tukey statistical test (ANOVA), it was concluded that although in one measure relapse were observed this is an effective method to decrease relapse in maxillary orthognathic surgery<br>Doutorado<br>Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Faciais<br>Doutora em Clínica Odontológica
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Books on the topic "Orthodontics Cephalometry"

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Wolford, Larry. Surgical treatment objective: A systematic approach to the prediction tracing. C.V. Mosby, 1985.

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C, Leighton B., ed. A manual of facial growth: A computer analysis of longitudinal cephalometric growth data. Oxford University Press, 1993.

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Orthodontic Cephalometry. Mosby-Year Book, 1995.

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Kumar, Dr Jyotirmay Dr Amit, and Dr Abhinav Raj Gupta, eds. Hard Tissue Cephalometric Analysis in Orthodontics. AkiNik Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/ed.book.1068.

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Kusa, Lenka. A comparison of cephalometric superimposition techniques in orthodontics. 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Orthodontics Cephalometry"

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Palomo, Juan Martin, Hakan El, Neda Stefanovic, Manhal Eliliwi, Tarek Elshebiny, and Fernando Pugliese. "3D Cephalometry." In 3D Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Orthodontics. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57223-5_5.

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Gill, Daljit S., and Farhad B. Naini. "Cephalometric Analysis." In Orthodontics: Principles and Practice. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd,., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118785041.ch9.

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Reyneke, Johan P., and Carlo Ferretti. "Diagnosis and Planning in Orthognathic Surgery." In Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1346-6_66.

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AbstractThe clinical evaluation of the face is the most important aspect of evaluating patients with dentofacial deformities. The clinical examination is the primary determinant in making a diagnosis and developing a treatment plan. The basic treatment goals are: establishment of orofacial function, ensure stability of results, achieve facial esthetics and to consider the patency of the airway. The systematic clinical examination is divided into five basic evaluations: the frontal view, the profile view, three quarter view, an occlusal assessment and the temporomandibular joint evaluation. The clinical diagnosis is then confirmed with special investigations such as panoramic, lateral and anteroposterior cephalometric radiographs and other investigations as required. A dental, skeletal and soft tissue problem list is then noted and orthodontic and surgical solutions integrated into a final treatment plan. A cephalometric radiographic tracing or a 3D virtual treatment planning system is finally used to measure the planned surgical movements and to visualize the expected treatment results.
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Alte da Veiga, F., and M. J. de Matos Barbosa. "Computerized cephalometry on orthodontic radiographs: towards flexible and easily customized systems." In Medical Informatics Europe 1991. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-93503-9_87.

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Longridge, Nicholas, Pete Clarke, Raheel Aftab, and Tariq Ali. "Orthodontics." In Oxford Assess and Progress: Clinical Dentistry, edited by Katharine Boursicot and David Sales. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825173.003.0014.

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Orthodontics is ‘the specialty of dentistry concerned with growth of the face, the development of dentition, and the prevention and correction of occlusal anomalies. A malocclusion can be defined as ‘a deviation from the ideal that may be aesthetically or functionally unsatisfactory, with a wide range of occlusal traits’. Orthodontics is a constantly evolving specialty, with ever changing principles and techniques continuing to be developed. There has been huge progress in orthodontics in recent times, with changes in the types of brackets, archwire materials, and appliance systems (such as tem­porary anchorage devices and aligner technology). The key principles of orthodontics date back to 1899 when Edward Angle described ‘the key to a normal occlusion as the anteropos­terior relationship between the upper and lower first molars’. In 1972, Lawrence Andrews described ‘six keys to an ideal static occlusion’. This was the basis of early orthodontic treatment planning. Knowledge of craniofacial development and growth is required as a foundation for understanding the aetiology of a patient’s malocclusion, to reach a diagnosis, and to plan orthodontic treatment. A basic under­standing of the types of orthodontic appliances is beneficial (mainly fixed appliances, functional appliances, some use of removable appliances, and retainers). In addition to the management of a malocclusion, orthodontic treat­ment is often required in conjunction with other specialties, including oral and maxillofacial surgery, paediatric and restorative dentistry Key topics discussed in this chapter include: ● Fixed appliances ● Functional appliances ● Removable appliances ● Retention ● Index of treatment need ● Orthodontic assessment and diagnosis ● Cephalometric analysis ● Malocclusion ● Ectopic canines ● Dental anomalies.
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Phulari, Basavaraj. "Cephalometetry in Orthodontics." In An Atlas on Cephalometric Landmarks. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11877_1.

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"KOREAN NORMS AND CEPHALOMETRIC ABBREVIATIONS." In Orthodontic Miniscrew Implants. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7234-3402-3.50005-9.

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"S34: Craniofacial and upper airway morphology in adult obstructive sleep apnea patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cephalometric studies." In Evidence-Based Orthodontics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119289999.oth34.

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N. Moore, Kristin, David R. Musich, Donald Taylor, Budi Kusnoto, and Carla A. Evans. "A Removable Class III Traction Appliance for Early Class III Treatment." In Current Trends in Orthodontics [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99885.

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Maxillary, mandibular, and dental effects resulting from the use of a removable intraoral Class III traction appliance as well as the protraction facemask in treatment of Class III malocclusion were assessed. This is a retrospective study comparing measurements from pre-treatment and post-treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of two groups. Group 1 consisted of 25 patients treated with rapid palatal expansion followed by a removable intraoral Class III traction appliance. Group 2 consisted of 25 patients treated with rapid palatal expansion followed by a protraction facemask. The subjects were Caucasian, both male and female, with an age range of 3 to 12 years. The only significant differences were in length of treatment time and the skeletal change of angle SNA. The mean treatment times were 6.96 months and 10.96 months in the removable Class III traction appliance and protraction facemask groups, respectively. The mean increase in SNA was 0.46 degrees in the removable Class III traction appliance group and 1.81 degrees in the protraction facemask group. A removable Class III traction appliance provides orthodontists with another useful Class III treatment modality.
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Conference papers on the topic "Orthodontics Cephalometry"

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Sanatkhani, Soroosh, and Prahlad G. Menon. "Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Analysis Using Computed Tomographic Imaging." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-88259.

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Successful outcomes from the use of orthodontic devices are underpinned on their effective anchorage and the loading that they apply to the underlying facial structures. Anchorage plays an important role in determining the point of application of the corrective forces and subsequently the orientation of the resultant of these forces, which in-turn governs the outcome of treatment. Therefore, patient-specific design of anchors and their placement may benefit significantly from personalization using patient-specific and three-dimensional (3D) cephalometry. 3D cephalometry is therefore a first step to personalization of orthodontic treatment. In this feasibility study, we demonstrate the viability a novel image processing and surface analysis pipeline to quantify facial symmetry about the mid-sagittal facial plane, which may offer insight into optimal placement and orientation for implantation of orthodontic anchors, starting with patient-specific cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Typical assessments of geometrical features/attributes of face include size, position, orientation, shape, and symmetry. Using 3D CBCT images in the DICOM image format, skull images were first segmented using a basic iso-contouring approach. To quantify symmetry, we split the skull along the mid-sagittal plane and used an iterative closest point (ICP) approach in order to rigidly co-register the left and right sides of the skull, optimizing for rotation, translation and scaling, after reflection of one half across the mid-sagittal plane. This was accomplished using an in-house plugin is developed for the open-source visualization toolkit (VTK) based 3D visualization tool, Paraview (Kitware Inc.). Finally, using a signed regional distance mapping plugin we were able to assess the regional asymmetry of regions of the skull (e.g. upper and lower jaw – specific targets for therapy) using colormaps of regional asymmetry (in terms of left-v/s-right side surface distance) and visualized the same as vector glyphs. The direction of these vectors is synonymous with anticipated regional forces required in order to achieve left-right symmetry, which in-turn may have value in surgical planning for orthodontic implantation. In sum, we demonstrate a workflow for computer-aided cephalometry to assess the symmetry of the skull, which shows promise for personalized orthodontic anchor design.
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Wang, Shu-Li, Shin-Lian Wang, and Fan Wu. "Decision Support System for Cephalometric Analyses of Orthodontics." In 2009 2nd International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2009.5302080.

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Lakshmana Rao, Gururajaprasad Kaggal, Norehan Mokhtar, Yulita Hanum P. Iskandar, and Arvind Channarayapatna Srinivasa. "Learning Orthodontic Cephalometry through Augmented Reality: A Conceptual Machine Learning Validation Approach." In 2018 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics (ICELTICs). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceltics.2018.8548939.

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Nurmuhayannah, Dr, Erna Sulistyawati, and Dr Nazruddin. "The Changes of Position and Angulation of Condyle Mandible Before and After Orthodontic Treatment in Class II Malocclusion by Using Cephalometric Radiograph." In International Dental Conference of Sumatera Utara 2017 (IDCSU 2017). Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/idcsu-17.2018.54.

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