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1
Lv, Li Hua, Gui Bin Liu, and Dan Zhou. "Process and Mechanical Properties of Basalt Fiber/Polylactic Acid Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (August 2012): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.329.
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In this paper, the basalt fiber/polylactic acid composites were prepared by laying-up hot-pressing process, using PLA sheet as the matrix material and basalt fiber fabrics as the reinforced material, besides, the mechanical properties were studied and the parameters of hot-pressing were optimized. PLA mass fraction, heat pressing temperature, heat pressing pressure and heat pressing time were selected as the four main influence factors and tensile strength and bending strength were taken as the test indexes, the best processing conditions: PLA mass fraction 63%, Heat pressing temperature 195 °C, Heat pressing pressure 7MPa, Heat pressing time 10min were optimized through orthogonal experiment and range analysis. The significance of the study was providing theoretical guidance for the further development of high-performance basalt fiber composites.
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Wang, Ye, Lian Jie Niu, Gang Wang, Hong Yu Xu, Mao Liang Hu, and Ze Sheng Ji. "Improvement of ADC12 Alloy by Optimizing CSP Process Parameters via Multiple Nonlinear Regression Analysis." Materials Science Forum 898 (June 2017): 204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.204.
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In order to improve the quality of ADC12 alloy billets prepared by Chips Solid Pressing (CSP) process, the effects of pressing temperature, pressure and packing time on the density of ADC12 alloy billets were investigated by using the orthogonal array and multiple nonlinear regression analysis. The results indicated that the pressing temperature has the greatest effect on the density of the billets, and it is followed by pressing pressure and packing time. The optimized process parameters, including a pressing temperature of 250oC, pressing pressure of 640MPa and packing time of 45 seconds, can be used to obtain the most compact billets of ADC12 alloy prepared by CSP process.
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Lu, Wei, Jia Yao, Ping Han, Wan Jiang Wu, and Chuang Liu. "Production Process and Nondestructive Testing of Soybean Stalks Particleboard." Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (January 2012): 1339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.1339.
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Orthogonal experiment of four factor and three level has been adopted, through the process analysis of the various factors on mechanical properties, the best process conditions of soybean stalks particleboard are chosen as: density is 0.7g/cm3, glue content is 12%, and hot pressing time distribution is 3+4 minutes, hot pressing temperature is 175°C. The Ef (the dynamic elastic modulus of NDT) of soybean stalks particleboard has been examined by flexural vibration method of FFT(Fast Fourier Transform), the regression between Ef and MOE(modulus of elasticity), MOR(modulus of rupture) is significant and existing high relevance degree, so using FFT method for NDT of composite materials is feasible.
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Shen, De Jun. "Research on Manufacturing Technics of New Low-Carbon Green Packaging Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 532 (February 2014): 515–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.532.515.
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By analysis of manufacturing performance of corn stalk, and taking practical processing technics of particle board in consideration, this paper set strawboard density, adhesive consumption, hot-pressing temperature and hot-pressing pressure as variable factors, set prepressing pressure, prepressing time, shaving shape and moisture content of raw material as fixed factors, exploring the optimal combination of process parameters through orthogonal experiments.
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Yan, Tao Hai. "Experimental Research on the Flax/PP Thermoplastic Composite Material Hot Pressing Process." Advanced Materials Research 573-574 (October 2012): 1216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.573-574.1216.
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Flax yarn and PP filament can be made into flax/ pp lapping yarn. Weaving with the lapping yarn, and finally can crank the fabric into PP/ flax composite by hot pressing. Research on the thickness of composite material and the peeling properties of the composite material, we analyzed the correlative factors about the producing technics of composite by orthogonal experimental method. The results showed that the material’s thickness and the technics are the main influencing factors of the wettability, and forecast the technics of composite molding process to get the best wettability properties.
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Rosochowski, Andrzej, Malgorzata Rosochowska, and Lech Olejnik. "New SPD Process of Incremental Angular Splitting." Key Engineering Materials 504-506 (February 2012): 569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.504-506.569.
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A new way of severely deforming ductile metals in order to refine their microstructure is proposed. It is called incremental angular splitting and originates from the idea of orthogonal cutting. It is intended to intensify plastic deformation in the cutting zone and lead to faster refinement of the microstructure. A laboratory experiment carried out on Al 1070 has proved the technical feasibility of the process. As the first indication of process capability, micro hardness measurements have been used to compare incremental angular splitting and incremental equal channel angular pressing.
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Zhao, Liang, Kaiping Feng, Binghai Lyu, Tianchen Zhao, and Zhaozhong Zhou. "Fabrication and Characterization of Gel-Forming Cr2O3 Abrasive Tools for Sapphire Substrate Polishing." Applied Sciences 12, no. 24 (2022): 12949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122412949.
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This paper proposes a gel-formed abrasive tool to address the problem of abrasive agglomeration in a traditional hot-pressing abrasive tool. The effect of Polyimide resin content on the mechanical properties of the gel abrasive tools were tested, and a comparison of the mechanical properties of the gel abrasive tool and the hot-pressing tool was conducted. An orthogonal experiment was conducted to explore the best combination of machining parameters. A polishing experiment of sapphire was conducted to compare the processing effect of the gel abrasive tool and hot-pressing tool. The results from testing the mechanical properties showed that the tensile, flexural, and impact strength of the gel abrasive tool was better than that of the hot-pressing abrasive tool. The results of the orthogonal experiment showed that the best process parameters of the gel abrasive tool were a spindle speed of 900 rpm, a feed rate of 8 μm/min, and a grinding depth of 16 μm. The polishing experiment showed that the gel abrasive tool had a better processing effect on sapphire. The sapphire surface processed by the gel abrasive tool had no deep scratches, and an ultrasmooth surface could be obtained after chemical mechanical polishing (CMP).
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BROWN, CALEB, TRACY W. NELSON, and CARL SORENSON. "An Analytical Model of Material Deformation During Friction Welding of Alloy 718." Welding Journal 103, no. 05 (2024): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29391/2024.103.014.
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A new model of the material flow in rotary friction welding of tubes is proposed. The material flow proposed is based on 3D microcomputer tomography scans of welds performed with tungsten tracers. The tracers indicate a bifurcation of flow into two deformation paths. The material in Path 1 interacts with the weld interface and exhibits large azimuthal flow. The material in Path 2 transitions from axial to primarily radial flow with little or no azimuthal flow. The directional transition in this path is compared to orthogonal machining and equal channel angular pressing. The process to estimate the variables needed to calculate strain and strain rates using the equations from orthogonal machining and equal channel angular pressing is defined. Strain and strain rate in Path 2 are dependent upon feed rate and upset and decrease throughout the welding process. The strain rate is higher than previously reported for rotary friction welding as a result of the deformation model proposed.
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Wang, Xin Yue, Yong Ling Yu, and Li Hua Lv. "The Discussion of Manufacturing Peanut Hull and TPU Composites by Hot Pressing." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 3527–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.3527.
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In order to recycle the waste peanut hull and TPU(thermoplastic urethanes), the composite made from peanut hull powder which was used as reinforcing material and TPU which was used as matrix material by the method of blending and hot pressing was discussed. The parameters of molding process were designed by orthogonal experiment. The tensile property, bending property and impact property of composite materials were tested in this study. The molding process parameters were optimized with the methods of range analysis and single factor analysis. The results showed that the optimum conditions were given as followings: concentration of peanut hull powder was 60%, hot pressing temperature was 170°C, hot pressing pressure was 12Mpa, and hot pressing time was 5min. Under above conditions, excellent mechanic properties were achieved, which were that tensile strength was 19.63MPa, bending strength was 25.74MPa, impact energy absorption was 1.33 KJ/m2.
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Yu, Xiang, Li Hua Lv, Chun Yan Wei, Wang Xiao, Yong Zhu Cui, and Yi Wei Ouyang. "Fabrication and Properties of Corn Husk Fiber / Polylactic Acid Fiberboard." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 798–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.798.
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In this study corn husk used as raw material, and achieved corn husk fiber through degumming properly. Then degradable fiberboard can be obtained with husk fiber and polylactic acid particles through blending and hot pressing. Taking mass fraction and length of corn husk fiber, hot-pressing time and temperature as factors, and taking tensile, bending and impact strength as index, through the L9 (34) orthogonal testing and range analyzing and achieved the optimal process parameters is: corn husk fiber mass fraction is 50%, corn husk fiber length is 10 mm, hot pressing time is 6 min, hot pressing temperature is 180 °C. Under the optimal process condition, a optimal fiberboard is obtained, whose tensile strength is 69.32 MPa, bending strength is 90.26 MPa, impact strength is 18.5 KJ/m2. The conclusion of this paper provides the theoretical guidance for the reuse technology of corn husk fiber.
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Sun, Xiao, and Qiu Hui Zhang. "Study on the Optimum Hot-Pressing Process and Surface Decoration of Waste Tetra Pak/Sawdust Composite Board." Advanced Materials Research 710 (June 2013): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.710.147.
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To improve the way of efficient recycling of waste Tetra Pak package, save wood materials and develope new packaging materials, this article studied on the optimum hot-pressing process and surface decoration of waste Tetra Pak/sawdust composite board. Using the orthogonal experimental method, we studied the effect of that four factors, such as resin content, hot-pressing temperature, hot-pressing time and Tetra Pak/sawdust mass ratio, on MOR, MOE, TS for 2h of waste Tetra Pak/sawdust composite board. And according to the measurement and analysis of these three test indicators of the board, we obtained the optimum hot-pressing process of waste Tetra Pak/sawdust composite board. The results showed the optimization of process parameters for the board was that: resin content for 14%, hot-pressing temperature for 150°C, hot-pressing time for 420s and Tetra Pak/sawdust mass ratio for 4:6 were suitable to product this board. At this point, the maximum MOR of the board was up to 23.1MPa, the maximum MOE of the board was up to 2917MPa, the minimum TS for 2h of the board was down to 6.1%. In the processing of PVC surface decoration, by using comparison tests, the results figured out that hot-pressing temperature for 50°C-60°C, hot-pressing time for 10s-20s, hot-pressing pressure beyond 0.02MPa were good for PVC to decorate this kind of board. The formaldehyde emission of this veneer composite board was 0.3mg/L, the surface abrasion resistance of it could reach 900r, besides, its performance of surface pollution resistance has reached the national standard.
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Dai, Ya Chun, Hai Wang, Chao Yang, and Ding Jiang. "Pressing and Bonding Strength of Metal Matrix Composite." Key Engineering Materials 814 (July 2019): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.814.19.
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This article aims to improve the bonding strength between metal and plastic,the metal substrate is subjected to high-energy shot peening to make the surface self-nitrified, and the orthogonal test scheme was designed based on the process parameters of high energy shot peening and spraying. After molding, the bonding strength of the metal matrix composite was tested by the vertical stretching method. We studied the effect of the cast steel shot diameter, the shot peening pressure, the shot peening time and the plasticizing temperature on the bonding strength of the composite. The combination of process parameters was determined when the bonding strength was optimized, then use the numerical fitting method to predict the combination of process parameters when the bonding strength is the highest, the optimization results are verified by experiments. The results show that the diameter of the cast steel shot is 4.96mm-5.04mm, the shot peening pressure is 0.49MPa-0.51MPa, the shot peening time is 10.9min-11.08min, and the plasticizing temperature is 278.2°C-282°C. The bonding strength of the composite is optimal Keywords: Metal matrix composite, High-energy shot peening, Press forming; Bonding strength, Process optimization
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Zhu, Jiang, and Guo Zhong Li. "Study on the New Wall Insulation Materials of Vitrified Micro Bubbles." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 1757–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.1757.
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The new wall insulation materials of vitrified micro bubbles were made of vitrified micro bubbles, expanded perlite and decent additives by adding sodium silicate and cement as the bonders, and were manufactured through mould pressing process. In this paper, the process parameters of the production were made sure through orthogonal experiments, such as the ratio of raw materials and forming process, the performance of product was studied, and the mechanism of product was discussed.
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Yan, Zhao. "Research New Waterproof Agent of the Particleboard." Advanced Materials Research 960-961 (June 2014): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.960-961.43.
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Modern society,with the rapid development of economy,people living standard increasing, for the plate demand continues to grow. Because the forest resources dwindling, To make full use of waste bagasse, corn straw and non wood fiber materials to produce an artificial plate material instead of wood man-made board has be imperative.Corn straw shavings can realize the recycling of waste materials, bring the economic value, so this topic with corn straw shavings as raw material, in the laboratory preparation of melamine resin adhesive, pressing flake molded sheet.Melamine plastic using M ( melamine ):U ( urea ) :F ( formaldehyde ) =1∶0.6∶2.5, adhesive solid content is 54%, the sizing, hot pressing temperature, hot pressing time as three factors orthogonal experiment, pressed sheet. On the plate thickness swelling, internal bond strength and surface plate bending strength test, on the analysis and summarization of results, the optimum process parameters: sizing quantity20%, temperature 150 °C, hot pressing time25min. The corresponding optimum mechanical properties: the absorbing water thickness expansion rate (2H ) 9.76%, inner strength, bend strength of17.49Mpa,0.45MPa. Key words: Non wood shavings; Molded sheet; Process parameters; Mechanical properties
15
Wungguli, Djihad, Jefri N. Isa, Muhammad Rezky Friesta Payu, Nurwan Nurwan, Salmun K. Nasib, and Stella Junus. "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TAGUCHI METHOD WITH TRAPEZOIDAL FUZZY NUMBER IN THE TOFU PRODUCTION PROCESS." BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan 17, no. 3 (2023): 1313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/barekengvol17iss3pp1313-1324.
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Indonesians consume more tofu every week, proving that it is one of the country's most well-liked and potential food ingredients. Therefore, several people benefit from this positive potential as a business opportunity and improve the quality of their products as part of a market competition strategy. This study uses the Taguchi method and fuzzy logic to optimize the multi-response characteristic tofu production process. These multi-responses include water and protein content, each of which has the characteristics of "nominal is best" and "larger is better". In this experiment, three independent variables were varied: soybean soaking time, soybean porridge boiling time, and tofu lump pressing time. The experimental design used is the orthogonal matrix L9. This study aims to determine the optimal combination of independent variables and determine the contribution of each varible to the multi-response of water content and protein content simultaneously. The findings indicated that soaking soybeans for 4 hours, boiling soybean porridge for 70 minutes, and pressing tofu lumps for 20 minutes are the ideal settings to produce optimal multi-response simultaneously. Additionally, the duration of soybeans soaking contributed 14,74%, the duration of boiling soybean porridge contributed 29,50%, and the duration of pressing lumps of tofu contributed 38,18% to the multi-response.
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Jiang, Rui, Yuan Fei Xu, Xue Jian Yang, et al. "Effects of hot-pressing parameters on the properties of waste Tetra Pak/bamboo composites." BioResources 20, no. 1 (2024): 826–41. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.20.1.826-841.
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Waste Tetra Pak containers, from the same brand of milk, were crushed into fibers. They were formed into composites with 40-mesh bamboo fibers with phenolic resin and hot pressed with different parameters. The effects of hot-pressing temperature, hot-pressing time, hot-pressing pressure, phenolic resin amount, and the ratio of Tetra Pak and bamboo on the elastic modulus, static bending strength, internal adhesive bonding strength, and 24 h thickness swelling rate of the composites were investigated by orthogonal testing. The results showed that during the hot-pressing process, hot-pressing temperature was the most important factor for the elastic modulus and static bending strength of the composites and the hot-pressing pressure was the most important factor for the 24 h thickness swelling of the composites. Optimal hot-pressing parameters of TP/bamboo composites were a hot-pressing temperature of 180 °C, hot-pressing time of 16 min, hot-pressing pressure of 1.0 MPa, phenolic resin amount of 12%, and ratio of Tetra Pak/bamboo of 9:1, in which the least phenolic resin and the most Tetra Pak materials were added. Moreover, the elastic modulus was 7670 MPa, the bending strength was 40 MPa, the internal adhesive bonding strength was 0.86 MPa, and 24 h thickness swelling rate was 10.6%, meeting the requirements for MDF in different states.
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Huang, Shengzhou, Chengwei Jiang, Zhaowei Tian, et al. "Mechanism Study of Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Microgroove Forming of Precise Hot-Pressed Optical Glass." Micromachines 14, no. 7 (2023): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14071299.
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Microgroove structures with helical pitches in a wavelength level are increasingly required in optical areas. However, conventional manufacturing techniques generate relatively high stresses during pressing, resulting in poor precision when forming microgrooves. This paper reports on the mechanism of the ultrasonic vibration-assisted microgroove forming of precise hot-pressed optical glass. A finite element (FE) thermocompression model of the viscoelastic material was developed and the entire forming process was numerically simulated using coupled thermal-structural analysis. The analysis of several process parameters was carried out using orthogonal experiments, from which the optimum combination of parameters was selected. The glass thermoforming process is also assisted by ultrasonic vibration. The thermal and mechanical effects of vibration improved material flow and optimized forming results. The average maximum stress in the glass during the forming process was only 3.04 × 10−3 Mpa, while the maximum stress in the hot-pressing stage without ultrasound was 1.648 Mpa. The stress results showed that the material-forming stress is significantly reduced.
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Ji, Liang, Yongjie Lei, Wang Han, et al. "Cold pressing and hot curing process for assembly of hexagonal pre-shaped bamboo culm sections." BioResources 18, no. 4 (2023): 7963–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.18.4.7963-7980.
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Bamboo is widely used in the construction industry due to its excellent mechanical properties, short production cycle, and environmental concerns. Reconstructing and processing bamboo into biomass-based composite materials that can replace wood alleviates the imbalance between wood supply and demand. This article uses cold press setting and hot press curing molding processes to prepare small samples of Hexagonal Recombinant Bamboo Material (glued HexBam). Through orthogonal analysis, the preparation process parameters, adhesive types, adhesive application amounts, and the relationship between the temperature and time of hot pressing solidification molding and the mechanical properties of glued HexBam were determined. A phenolic adhesive (PF) was used with a dosage of 200 g/m2, a heat setting and molding temperature of 130 °C, and a heat setting molding time of 10 minutes. Under these process conditions, the prepared glued HexBam had a longitudinal compressive strength of 73.8 MPa and a specific strength of 0.0535 N•m/kg, which is superior to ordinary steel.
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Yan, Jin, Jianan Liu, Liqiang Zhang, Zhili Tan, Haoran Zhang, and Qingding Wu. "Prediction model for the mechanical properties of compacted poplar powder generated via hot-pressing." BioResources 16, no. 3 (2021): 4947–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.3.4947-4962.
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The influence of the process parameters on the mechanical properties of compact wood powder generated via hot-pressing was analyzed through a single-factor experiment. The mechanical properties exhibited a nonlinear trend relative to the process conditions of hot-pressed compact wood powder. The relationship models between the process parameters and the mechanical properties for the compact wood powder were established by applying a multiple regression analysis and neural network methods combined with data from an orthogonal array design. A comparison between experimental and predicted results was made to investigate the accuracy of the established models by applying several data groups among the single-factor experiments. The results showed that the accuracy of the neural network model in terms of predicting the mechanical properties was greater compared with the multiple regression model. This demonstrates that the established neural network model had a better prediction performance, and it can accurately map the relationship between the process conditions and the mechanical properties of the compact wood powder.
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Budin, Salina, Mohd Afiq Nurul Hadi, Talib Ria Jaafar, and Mohd Asri Selamat. "Optimization of Warm Compaction Process Parameters in Synthesizing Carbon-Copper Composite Using Taguchi Method." Key Engineering Materials 701 (July 2016): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.701.112.
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Carbon–copper composites are attractive materials used for electrical applications, such as brushes for engines and generators, slip rings, switches, relays, lugs, contactor and current collector. Various methods can be used to prepare Carbon-copper composite, such as infiltration, sintering, cold pressing, hot pressing or isostatic pressing. However, powder metallurgy route is seen to be most favorable due to its possibility of producing uniform microstructure and excellent net shape product. In this work, carbon-copper composite is prepared using powder metallurgy route with warm compaction process. The compaction pressure (A), compaction temperature (B), post baking temperature (C) and compaction time (D) were optimized by Taguchi method. Hardness and transverse rupture strength (TRS) were used to assess the effect of warm compaction process. The experimental design is according to the L9 (34) orthogonal array. Signal to noise and analysis of variance (ANOVA) are employed to analyze the effect of warm compaction parameters. It is found that the best parameters and their levels are A3B2C3D2 for the main effect of hardness and the best parameters and their levels for TRS is A3B2C3D1. It is also notified that optimized parameters of A3, B2 and C3 are identical for hardness and TRS. However, for parameter D, the best level for hardness is D2 and for TRS is D1. The ANOVA analysis proved that compaction temperature parameter is significant to hardness and TRS value whereas the others parameters are not significant.
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Wan, Qiong, Fuguo Li, Wenjing Wang, Junhua Hou, Wanyue Cui, and Yongsheng Li. "Microstructure and properties of in situ Ti–Al intermetallic compound-reinforced Al matrix composites with dispersive distribution of core–shell-like structure." Composites and Advanced Materials 30 (January 1, 2021): 263498332110061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26349833211006117.
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Recently, Ti–Al intermetallic compound-reinforced Al matrix composites have attracted increasing attention because of their high specific modulus, strength, and thermal stability. In this study, blended powders of Ti and Al were ball milled and fabricated to in situ Ti–Al intermetallic compound-reinforced Al matrix composites by cold-pressing and hot-pressing sintering. The microstructures and component of core–shell-like structure in reinforcement were observed and analyzed. Material properties including hardness, density, and compression performance were tested and analyzed according to experimental processes. The results indicate that the time point of compression in hot-pressing sintering is crucial to obtain the closed core–shell-like structures. Based on the orthogonal experimental data, entropy methods and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution were combined to select the process parameters (ratio of Ti and Al, milling time, sintering temperature, holding time, and compaction pressure) for the best comprehensive performance of Vickers hardness and compressive yield strength.
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Wang, Guo Lei, Cun Ning Lin, Su Ming Chen, Shan Yue, Hong Ming Xue, and Xiang Lin Gao. "Research on roughness prediction model of robotic sanding carbon fiber reinforced plastics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2493, no. 1 (2023): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2493/1/012015.
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Abstract By taking a pneumatic eccentric grinder and round sandpapers as research objects, the modeling method is proposed to accurately predict the surface roughness of robotic sanding carbon fiber reinforced plastic parts. A four-factor, the four-level orthogonal experiment was conducted which took four process parameters into account: pressing force, feeding speed, grit size, and supply air pressure. The multiple linear regression analysis method was then applied to create a roughness prediction model. Furthermore, accuracy validation results show that the model’s prediction error is within ±9%.
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Hoang, Nhung Thi-Tuyet, and Anh Thi-Kim Tran. "Biodegradable containers from rice husk as substitutes for single-use plastic products." Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 65, no. 4 (2023): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjste.65(4).71-76.
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Vietnam ranks among the top four nations for single-use plastic (SUP) waste, trailing only China, Indonesia, and Philippines. The abundant rice husk (RH) by-product of rice cultivation presents an opportunity to fabricate biodegradable containers, potentially supplanting single-use disposables. This study focuses on creating biodegradable containers from RH via thermo-pressing. Utilising the Taguchi orthogonal array method, we examined the impact of the RH to modified starch (MS) ratio (w/w %), pressing temperature (°C), and time (minutes) on the trays’ hardness, colour variation, and density, aiming to refine the manufacturing process. Additionally, variations in adhesive concentrations and glycerol were assessed for their influence on the aforementioned properties. The identified optimal conditions for fabricating viable biodegradable containers were a RH and MS composition of 80% (w/w), with a pressing duration of 3 minutes at 150°C. The resulting product exhibited a hardness of 5.26±0.22 kgF. Moreover, the thickness, density, and colour on the front and back sides were measured at 2.05±0.01 mm, 0.97±0.004 g/cm³, 50.87±0.96, and 48.05±0.87, respectively. Consequently, RH-based materials have emerged as promising candidates for crafting consumer-safe, environmentally benign biodegradable containers.
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Mao, Yang Wu, Shu Jie Li, and Yan Zhang. "Joining of SiC Ceramic by Hot Pressing Reaction Joining Process Using Ni-51Cr Powders as Filler." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 2398–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.2398.
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Joining of ceramics is of importance from both technical and economical points of view. Joining of recrystallized SiC ceramic to itself has been realized by hot pressing reaction joining process using Ni-51Cr powders (consisting of Ni+51wt%Cr powders) as filler. The optimized technological parameters have been obtained by orthogonal experiment, which are joining temperature of 1150°C, holding time of 20min, joining pressure of 10MPa and cooling rate of 0.25°C/s. The most effective factor to influence the weld strength is joining pressure within the range of testing. Under the optimized conditions, the maximum relative bending strength of joint, 70.7%, is achieved. The microstructure and phase composition of the weld zone were examined by SEM, EDX and XRD. The results show that interdiffusions and chemical reactions take place in the joining process. A reaction layer, which is mainly composed of Ni2Si and Ni3C with a little Cr, exists between the welding base material SiC ceramic and the filler reaction product layer called as interlayer, which is mainly composed of Ni2Si and Cr.
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Zhou, Jia Nong, Zhi Qi Liu, Dong Liang Chen, Nai Ming Lin, and Huan Huan Wang. "Fabrication of Microcolumn Arrays Using Through-Mask Electrochemical Micromachining on the 42CrMo Alloy Steel." Advanced Materials Research 1178 (July 25, 2023): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-t6szel.
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Studies have shown that surface texture can improve lubrication state and reduce friction and wear. The cold pressing process of micro-units can prepare surface textures at low cost, in large quantities, and with high efficiency, but the micro-pillar array mold required for the cold pressing process is difficult to prepare. In this study, the influence of mask electrochemical processing parameters on the height and height uniformity of the micropillar array was studied by orthogonal experiment on the 42CrMo alloy steel. Four main factors are designed in the orthogonal experiment, namely voltage, duty cycle, frequency, and mask spacing, and each factor is set to three levels. The results of the range analysis show that: voltage and duty cycle are positively correlated with the height of the microcolumn, but negatively correlated with uniformity, and when the duty cycle is 50%, the uniformity of the microcolumn decreases sharply; The height and uniformity of the microcolumns increase with the increase of mask spacing. The height of the microcolumn is positively correlated with the frequency, and the uniformity of the microcolumn first increases and then decreases with the increase of frequency. Therefore, in order to meet the height and uniformity requirements at the same time, the grey correlation analysis method was used to obtain the optimal processing parameters: 35 V (voltage), 30% (duty cycle), 300 um (spacing), and 5 kHz (frequency). The average height of the microcolumns prepared by this parameter is 57.632 um and the microcolumn has excellent high uniformity.
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He, Min, Qili Wang, Feng Yang, and Duanhu Shi. "Study of HCAP-PC to Enhance Process Efficiency for Age-Hardened Aluminum Alloys Based on Grey Relational Analysis." Metals 10, no. 12 (2020): 1594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10121594.
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A multi-pass equal-channel angular pressing (helical channel angular pressing-parallel channel, HCAP-PC) is proposed to enhance process efficiency and avoid plastic deformation damage during the preparation of ultrafine-grained age hardened aluminum alloys. Multiple shear and twist deformations are provided at the single extrusion channel. The channel parameters were optimized by using grey relational analysis (GRA). An orthogonal L16-4-5 test array containing five factors (ψ, ϕ, γ, m and the length of L1 section) and four levels was collected to investigate the influence of channel parameters on the effective strain, the effective stress, the amount of damage and the deformation homogeneity coefficients. Based on the GRA, the grey relational coefficients and the grey relational grades were calculated to report the significant channel parameters which affect the extrusion quality and efficiency. Furthermore, according to the results of segregated grey relational grades, the contribution orders from high to low were listed as ψ, ϕ, γ, m and L1. The extrusion experiments were carried out with aluminum alloy 2024 after solid solution treatment and at the HCAP-PC die with geometry of ψ 20°, ϕ 90°, γ 73°, m 1.35 and 1d. The ultrafine-grained age hardened aluminum alloys were prepared and the process time was decreased to less than 120 min.
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Liang, He, Yong Long Zhao, Bo Lin Zang, Zhu Liu, Zeng Hui Liu, and Chun Jing Wu. "Study on Surface Quality of Lead Clad Tin Bimetal Continuous Casting by Air Pressing Core-Filling." Advanced Materials Research 148-149 (October 2010): 711–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.148-149.711.
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To provide theoretical basis and practical guidance of preparing copper clad aluminum composite rods by directly continuous casting, low melting point materials of lead and tin were selected to prepare composite rods of external diameter Φ12mm and inner diameter Φ8mm through adopting air pressing core filled continuous casting processing. The orthogonal tests consisting of three factors of melting lead temperature, continuous casting speed and inflation pressure at three different levels were designed to obtain arrangements of optimal process parameters that affected surface quality of bimetal casting rods in principle. The experiments showed that composite rods have excellent surface quality under the condition of melting lead temperature,375 , continuous casting speed, 10 mm/min, and inflation pressure, 0.03MPa.
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Muhammad Abdul Mun'aim Mohd Idrus, Aniq Danish Azli, Md Redzuan Zoolfakar, Raa Khimi Shuib, Abdul Hafidz Yusoff, and Asmalina Mohamed Saat. "Optimization of the Effect of Hydraulic Hot-Pressing-Process Parameters on Tensile Properties of Kapok Fiber Nonwoven Web Based on Taguchi Experimental Design." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 115, no. 1 (2024): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.115.1.156165.
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This paper investigates the effect of temperature on the physical properties of Kapok fiber web formed via the hot-pressing method. The kapok web was prepared using the Ashford drum carder. Test samples were subjected to heat treatment in a hydraulic hot-press under three different temperatures (160, 170, and 180°C), heating durations (5, 7.5, and 10 min), and pressures (500, 750, and 1000 psi). This study was conducted to clarify the tensile properties of kapok fabrics under optimal hot-press-forming process parameters such as temperature, heating time, and pressure; here, the Taguchi L27 orthogonal array experimental design was adopted for the optimization. The surface morphologies and tensile properties of kapok fabrics were investigated. The optimum combination of process factors was obtained through signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio analysis. Furthermore, analysis of variance was employed to determine the importance of the process parameter levels. Moreover, regression analysis was adopted to mathematically model the metamorphism of tensile properties with process parameters. A set of confirmation tests was also conducted, and the results verified the presented models. This study results showed that all three processing factors had significant influences on the tensile strength of the carded nonwoven kapok. The combination of hot-pressing parameters to obtain the optimum tensile strength was obtained as follows: 170°C temperature, 1000 psi pressure, and 10 min heating time.
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Lou, Shu Mei, Chuan Dong Qu, Guang Xin Guo, et al. "Effect of Fabrication Parameters on the Performance of 0.5 wt.% Graphene Nanoplates-Reinforced Aluminum Composites." Materials 13, no. 16 (2020): 3483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13163483.
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Aluminum composites reinforced by graphene nanoplates(GNP) with a mass fraction of 0.5% (0.5 wt.% GNP/Al) were fabricated using cold pressing and hot pressing. An orthogonal test was used to optimize the fabrication parameters. Ball milling time, ball milling speed, and ultrasonic time have the largest influence on the uniformity of the graphene in the composites. Afterwards, the microstructure, interfacial properties, and fracture morphology of the composites obtained with different parameters were further analyzed. The results show that ball milling time and ball milling speed have obvious influences on the mechanical properties of the composite. In this paper, when the ball milling speed is 300 r/min and the ball milling time is 6 h, the dispersion uniformity of graphene in the 0.5 wt.% GNP/Al composite is the best, the agglomeration is the lowest, and the mechanical properties of the composites are the best, among which the tensile strength is 156.8 MPa, 56.6% higher than that of pure aluminum fabricated by the same process (100.1 MPa), and the elongation is 19.9%, 39.8% lower than that of pure aluminum (33.1%).
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Lyu, Lihua, Changwei Li, Ying Wang, Jing Lu, and Jing Guo. "Sound absorption, thermal, and flame retardant properties of nonwoven wall cloth with waste fibers." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 15 (January 2020): 155892502093412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925020934124.
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In order to solve the recycling problem of waste fibers, the nonwoven wall cloth was prepared with waste wool fibers and low-melting-point polyamide fibers as raw materials by combing into a net and hot-pressing method. The effect of fiber length, hot pressing temperature, mass fraction of the waste wool fibers, volume density, thickness of materials, and thickness of the rear air layer on the sound absorption properties were studied by single factor experiments. Under the optimized technological conditions, the sound absorption coefficient was above 0.91 and the noise reduction coefficient was 0.56. Then, the sound absorption mechanism was analyzed. In order to meet the fire resistance requirements of materials in the construction industry, by the orthogonal experiments, range analysis, and variance analysis, the optimal process conditions were as follows: potassium fluotitanate concentration of 8%, treatment time of 40 min, and treatment temperature of 80°C. The limit oxygen index of the nonwoven wall cloth was 32.5%. The nonwoven wall cloth had good sound absorption and flame retardant properties.
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Pandey, Shwetank, Vladimir Buljak, and Igor Balac. "Reduced order numerical modeling for calibration of complex constitutive models in powder pressing simulations." Science of Sintering 49, no. 3 (2017): 331–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos1703331p.
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Numerical simulations of different ceramic production phases often involve complex constitutive models, with difficult calibration process, relying on a large number of experiments. Methodological developments, proposed in present paper regarding this calibration problem can be outlined as follows: assessment of constitutive parameters is performed through inverse analysis procedure, centered on minimization of discrepancy function which quantifies the difference between measurable quantities and their computed counterpart. Resulting minimization problem is solved through genetic algorithms, while the computational burden is made consistent with constraints of routine industrial applications by exploiting Reduced Order Model (ROM) based on proper orthogonal decomposition. Throughout minimization, a gradual enrichment of designed ROM is used, by including additional simulations. Such strategy turned out to be beneficial when applied to models with a large number of parameters. Developed procedure seems to be effective when dealing with complex constitutive models, that can give rise to non-continuous discrepancy function due to the numerical instabilities. Proposed approach is tested and experimentally validated on the calibration of modified Drucker-Prager CAP model, frequently adopted for ceramic powder pressing simulations. Assessed values are compared with those obtained by traditional, time-consuming tests, performed on pressed green bodies.
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He, Bin, Dongyi Tan, Tao Liu, Zexing Wang, and Hengshu Zhou. "Study on the Preparation and Anisotropic Distribution of Mechanical Properties of Well-Aligned PMIA Nanofiber Mats Reinforced Composites." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8274024.
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Well-aligned PMIA nanofiber mats were fabricated by electrospinning and then hot-pressing was used to produce PMIA nanofiber mats reinforced PLA matrix by layer-by-layer with the interlayer angles of 0, 45, and 90°. Orthogonal experimental design was employed to fix the effect of the hot-pressing parameters on the tensile strength of nanocomposites, and SEM was used to characterize the broken sections of the nanocomposites after tensile test. The optimized process parameters were achieved of pressure as 1000 Pa, temperature as 180°C, and time as 30 min. The SEM images of broken sections showed that the different laminate forms and the state of bearing load of nanofibers resulted in the different morphologies of broken sections. The break strength of PMIA/PLA nanocomposites with any of interlayer angles at different tensile testing directions was revealed as follows: axial > oblique > transverse, and the initial modulus also showed the same except the angle of 90° with the approach initial modulus at the axial and transverse directions. The maximum tensile strength and modulus of the nanocomposites were 17.12 MPa and 1642.17 MPa, respectively, of the axial tensile testing directions of the interlayer angle of 0°.
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Arifin, Fatahul, Iskandar, and Azharuddin Azharuddin. "Taguchi Method Approach to Optimize Manufacturing Process Parameters of Aluminum-5 % Fly Ash Alloy Using Powder Metallurgy." Advanced Materials Research 576 (October 2012): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.576.284.
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Fly ash is waste of coal combustion which can be used in Aluminum alloy. In this research Aluminum is mixed with fly ash that used powder metallurgy method. Aluminum powder is produced by Merck German which is in irregular form and has homogeneous particles, while fly ash is got from residual combustion coal in forging section of Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya (Polsri) mechanical workshop which is processed until grains size 140 and 270 mesh. Aluminum Powder had mixed with weight fraction 5 % of fly ash for an hour then is pressed with holding time 60 and 120 seconds, compacting pressure are 139 N/mm2 and 275 N/mm2 using cold iso-static pressing. After that green body is resulted then is being sintered until 5500C. Taguchi Method orthogonal L4 is used to find out factors which influence optimum condition of Brinell’s hardness Aluminum/5% fly ash. The result of analysis using ANOVA is grains size factor, holding time, and compacting pressure has affected significantly to hardness of Aluminum/5% fly ash.
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Jia, Jianping, Xiaoxuan Hei, Xiao Yang, et al. "Thermal Conductivity and Sintering Mechanism of Aluminum/Diamond Composites Prepared by DC-Assisted Fast Hot-Pressing Sintering." Materials 17, no. 9 (2024): 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17091992.
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A novel DC-assisted fast hot-pressing (FHP) powder sintering technique was utilized to prepare Al/Diamond composites. Three series of orthogonal experiments were designed and conducted to explore the effects of sintering temperature, sintering pressure, and holding time on the thermal conductivity (TC) and sintering mechanism of an Al-50Diamond composite. Improper sintering temperatures dramatically degraded the TC, as relatively low temperatures (≤520 °C) led to the retention of a large number of pores, while higher temperatures (≥600 °C) caused unavoidable debonding cracks. Excessive pressure (≥100 MPa) induced lattice distortion and the accumulation of dislocations, whereas a prolonged holding time (≥20 min) would most likely cause the Al phase to aggregate into clusters due to surface tension. The optimal process parameters for the preparation of Al-50diamond composites by the FHP method were 560 °C-80 MPa-10 min, corresponding to a density and TC of 3.09 g cm−3 and 527.8 W m−1 K−1, respectively. Structural defects such as pores, dislocations, debonding cracks, and agglomerations within the composite strongly enhance the interfacial thermal resistance (ITR), thereby deteriorating TC performance. Considering the ITR of the binary solid-phase composite, the Hasselman–Johnson model can more accurately predict the TC of Al-50diamond composites for FHP technology under an optimal process with a 3.4% error rate (509.6 W m−1 K−1 to 527.8 W m−1 K−1). The theoretical thermal conductivity of the binary composites estimated by data modeling (Hasselman–Johnson Model, etc.) matches well with the actual thermal conductivity of the sintered samples using the FHP method.
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Dong, Hongying, Wen Bo Han, and Shu Jie Li. "Joining of SiC Ceramic with Ternary Carbide Ti3SiC2." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 1255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.1255.
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The investigation on joining of SiC to SiC has been conducted for some years. It is essential that the mechanical and thermal properties of the joints should meet the requirements of engineering. In view of the fact that the ternary carbide Ti3SiC2 has shown unique mechanical and thermal properties, it is promising to join SiC to SiC using ternary carbide Ti3SiC2 as filler (welding compound), and this is the subject to deal with in this paper. The joining of SiC to SiC has been successfully realized by hot pressing reaction joining process using Ti3SiC2 powder as filler. The optimized technological parameters have been obtained by orthogonal experiments, under which the achieved weld strength is higher than that of the welding base material SiC ceramic. Ti3SiC2 is stable up to 1200oC in Ar atmosphere with an external pressure. At the joining temperatures of 1300～ 1600oC the main phases of the interface are Ti3SiC2, TiC and TiSi2. The mechanism of bonding at the interface is interdiffusion and chemical reaction.
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Şahin, Yusuf, K. Emre Öksüz, and M. Şimşir. "Wear Behavior of Diamond+SiCp-Reinforced Metal Matrix Composite by Taguchi Method." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 1309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.1309.
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Fe-Co based diamond-reinforced composites (D-MMCs) and diamond+SiC-reinforced composites (D+SiC-MMCs) were produced by cold pressing method. Investigation of the wear behaviors on two-body abrasive wear behavior of the composites were carried out under different conditions. 2k factorial designs of experiments were used to obtain the data in a controlled way. The wear parameters studied were sliding speed, load and sliding distance. An orthogonal array and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were employed to investigate the influence of process parameters on the wear resistance of these composites. The results indicated that the incorporation of SiC particles in the metal matrix as a secondary reinforcement increased the wear resistance. In addition to this, the applied load had the significant effect on the weight loss of both types of composites. Furthermore, a correlation was derived from the results of the experimental design by multiple regressions. Finally, confirmation of experiment was conducted to verify the predicted model.
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Molaei, Shafagh, Mohsen Hamidpour, Hossein Shirani, and Mohammad Sabet. "Investigation of factors affecting removal of arsenic from polluted water using iron-based particles: Taguchi optimization design." Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental 39 (August 8, 2023): 307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20937/rica.54830.
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Intensive research efforts have been followed to remove arsenic (As) from contaminated water to provide potable water to millions living in different countries. Adsorption is a simple and efficient way for arsenic contamination purification in water, with a pressing challenge to find a cheap and efficient adsorbent. The present paper deals with optimizing various batch parameters for the adsorption of As from solution by synthesized iron-based particles (hematite, magnetite, and zero-valent iron (ZVI)) nanomaterials using Taguchi’s optimization methodology. Taguchi’s (L27) orthogonal design with six effective factors, namely: initial As concentration, pH, contact time, adsorbent type, size, and dose, was applied for the multivariate optimization in adsorption studies for As to maximize the adsorption capacity along with the signal-to-noise ratio. The equilibrium studies revealed that the data were well described by Freundlich isotherm. The results showed that initial As concentration was the most important parameter in the adsorption process.
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Loginov, Yuriy, and Yuliya Zamaraeva. "Evaluation of the bars’ multichannel angular pressing scheme and its potential application in practice." Metal Working and Material Science 25, no. 4 (2023): 90–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2023-25.4-90-104.
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Introduction. Deformation of low-plastic materials requires a high degree of compressive stress. This requirement is implemented, for example, in the process of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). However, the products obtained by the ECAP method have a cross-section identical to the initial blank, which is one of the disadvantages of this method. The method of nonequal channel angular pressing (NECAP), in contrast to ECAP, makes it possible to change the shape of the initial blank towards closer to the shape of the finished product. However, the well-known NECAP device allows obtaining products only in the form of a thin strip of rectangular cross-section. Well-known devices for multichannel pressing of non-angular type also have a disadvantage — it is implemented only on horizontal type presses, where it is possible to receive long products on the workshop areas. The aim of the work is the evaluation of the bars’ multichannel angular pressing scheme, combining a change in the shape of the initial workpiece in cross-section, as well as the accumulation of a high level of strain during deformation. Research methods: finite element modeling using the DEFORM software module. Results and discussion. The paper considers the scheme of the angular pressing process with the use of a device that allows, for example, to obtain magnesium bars with a diameter of d = 4.1 mm with the number of matrix channels n = 3 from a blank of round cross-section. The container of this device in its lower part has a rectangular groove where the matrix is inserted. Modeling of the process under study using a matrix with the axes of its channels located in the plane of the orthogonal axis of the container and, in the first variant, along the axis of a rectangular groove, and in the second variant, along the radius of the container, allowed us to estimate the distribution of the average stress. It is established that the metal of the blank in both variants of the deformation process is affected by compression stresses at a high level (1,600 MPa). The assessment of the degree of deformation of the pressed bars allowed us to find out that at the initial stage of both process variants, the maximum strain degree can reach 2.6, and at the steady stage it reaches 5.0. It is established that in the case of the first variant of the matrix, the strain level along the length of the bars is lower than when using the second variant of the matrix. The difference reaches 20 %. By evaluating the distribution of the strain degree in the cross section of the pressed bars near the deformation site, it was found that in the case of the first variant of the matrix, the pressed bars of the first and third channels have an uneven dimensions, and the greater value of the strain degree is on the peripheral part of the rods from the side bordering the central bar. This difference in the strain degree reaches 20 %. When placing the second version of the matrix, this unevenness decreases to 12 %. Thus, in the case of using a matrix with the arrangement of the channel axes along the radius of the container, the strain degree is distributed more evenly compared to the strain degree when using a matrix with the arrangement of the channel axes along the axis of a rectangular groove.
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He, Ping, Haoda Ruan, Congyang Wang, and Hao Lu. "Mechanical Properties and Thermal Conductivity of Thermal Insulation Board Containing Recycled Thermosetting Polyurethane and Thermoplastic." Polymers 13, no. 24 (2021): 4411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13244411.
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This study used a mechanochemical method to analyze the recycling mechanism of polyurethane foam and optimize the recycling process. The use of mechanochemical methods to regenerate the polyurethane foam powder breaks the C–O bond of the polyurethane foam and greatly enhances the activity of the powder. Based on orthogonal test design, the mesh, proportion, temperature, and time were selected to produce nine recycled boards by heat pressing. Then, the influence of four factors on the thermal conductivity and tensile strength of the recycled board was analyzed. The results show that 120 mesh polyurethane foam powder has strong activity, and the tensile strength can reach 9.913 Mpa when it is formed at 205 °C and 40 min with 50% PP powder. With the help of the low thermal conductivity of the polyurethane foam, the thermal conductivity of the recycled board can reach 0.037 W/m·K at the parameter of 40 mesh, 80%, 185 °C, 30 min. This research provides an effective method for the recycling of polyurethane foam.
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Jayakumar, K. "Machining of TiB2- SiC Ceramic Composites through WEDM Process." Materials Science Forum 979 (March 2020): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.979.22.
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In the present study Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) technique is used to synthesis of particulate Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs). SPS is a type of hot pressing method and in this method, the rate of heating is from 100C to 1000C per minute with high densification. TiB2 (average size of 14 μm) particles were chosen as matrix and SiC (average size of 1 μm) particles were used as reinforcement. In the first stage of the study, synthesis of CMCs with TiB2 matrix and SiC reinforcement with varying volume% (0, 5, 10 and 15 vol.%) was carried out using Spark Plasma Sintering furnace available at IIT Madras in 1100°C, 40MPa and 10 min hold of time. But machining of CMCs from conventional machining processes is difficult especially to make complex and precise parts from CMCs. Hence, in the second stage of the work, Wire Electric Discharge Machining (WEDM) studies were carried out on the processed four composites by varying current (2, 3 and 4 A), Pulse on (Ton-30, 60 and 90 μs) and Pulse off time (Toff-5, 10 and 15 μs) as per Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. WEDM studies revealed that at 4A current, 60μs Ton and 5μs Toff gave maximum material removal rate (MRR) of 2.93 mm3/s, 2.27 mm3/s, 2.71 mm3/s and 0.62 mm3/s for CMC with 0% SiC, 5% SiC, 10% SiC, 15% SiC vol.% reinforcement respectively. To reduce material wastage during machining, kerf width is considered and in which 3A current, 90μs Ton and 5μs Toff gave the least kerf of 0.35 mm, 0.32 mm, 0.33 mm and 0.28 mm for 0% SiC, 5% SiC, 10% SiC, 15% SiC vol.% reinforcement respectively.
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Li, Baoliu, Chenyu Zhu, Huitao Xu, et al. "The Microstructure and Thermal Conductive Behavior of Three-Dimensional Carbon/Carbon Composites with Ultrahigh Thermal Conductivity." Materials 17, no. 5 (2024): 983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17050983.
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Carbon-based composite materials, denoted as C/C composites and possessing high thermal conductivity, were synthesized utilizing a three-dimensional (3D) preform methodology. This involved the orthogonal weaving of mesophase pitch-based fibers in an X (Y) direction derived from low-temperature carbonization, and commercial PAN-based carbon fibers in a Z direction. The 3D preforms were saturated with mesophase pitch in their raw state through a hot-pressing process, which was executed under relatively low pressure at a predetermined temperature. Further densification was achieved by successive stages of mesophase pitch impregnation (MPI), followed by impregnation with coal pitch under high pressure (IPI). The microstructure and thermal conductivity of the C/C composites were systematically examined using a suite of analytical techniques, including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and PLM, amongst others. The findings suggest that the volumetric fraction of fibers and the directional alignment of the mesophase pitch molecules can be enhanced via hot pressing. The high graphitization degree of the mesophase pitch matrix results in an increased microcrystalline size and thus improved thermal conductivity of the C/C composite. Conversely, the orientation of the medium-temperature coal pitch matrix is relatively low, which compensates for the structural inadequacies of the composite material, albeit contributing minimally to the thermal conductivity of the resultant C/C composites. Following several stages of impregnation with mesophase pitch and subsequent impregnation with medium-temperature coal pitch, the 3D C/C composites yielded a density of 1.83 and 2.02 g/cm3. The thermal conductivity in the X (Y) direction was found to be 358 and 400 W/(m·K), respectively.
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He, Ping, Hao Lu, Haoda Ruan, et al. "Mechanochemistry: An Efficient Way to Recycle Thermoset Polyurethanes." Polymers 14, no. 16 (2022): 3277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14163277.
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A recycling process of waste thermosetting polyurethane plastics was proposed based on the mechanochemical method, aiming at the three-dimensional network cross-linking structure of thermosetting polyurethane. Orthogonal experimental design was adopted to select three factors of crushing speed, crushing time, and feed amount to determine the best crushing parameters. Then, the waste polyurethane insulation boards were crushed and degraded by the mechanism of regenerative forming with the adjustable speed test machine. Accordingly, the recycled powder was obtained. Finally, nine kinds of polyurethane recycled composite plates were prepared by hot pressing process. The degradation effect of thermosetting polyurethane was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction. Moreover, the mechanical properties and thermal insulation properties of recycled composite plates were tested and analyzed. The results show that the network cross-linking molecular structure of waste thermosetting polyurethane plastics is destroyed by the effect of mechanochemical action, and methyl and aldehyde groups are decomposed. Therefore, a recycled powder with strong reactivity and plasticity is generated, which improves the activity regeneration ability. After adding thermoplastic resin, the mechanical properties and formability of recycled composite plates are enhanced, with maximum tensile strength up to 9.913 MPa. Correspondingly, the thermal insulation performance of plates is reduced. However, the minimum thermal conductivity can also reach 0.0555 W/m·K. This study provides an effective method for the recycling of thermosetting polyurethane plastics.
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Jing, Jie, Hongbo Li, Xin Zheng, and Kai Zhao. "Investigation of the Bonding Performance and Microstructure of MOC Binders for SiO2 as Rock-like Composites." Materials 17, no. 16 (2024): 4083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17164083.
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The heterogeneity of natural rocks complicates the study of carbon sequestration within these materials and raises concerns about the reproducibility of experimental results. Consequently, identifying appropriate rock-like materials has become critical. This research examined the impact of various factors—humidity, binder content, curing period, and cold pressure—on the bond strength of magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) through orthogonal testing. The tests utilized a molar ratio of MgO to MgCl2-6H2O to H2O of 7:1:18. Both X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to analyze the hydration reactions of MOC and to explore the correlation between the microstructure of the SiO2-MgO-MgCl2 system and its bonding characteristics. The findings indicated that a 5% relative humidity enhances the 7-day bond strength of MOC. Moreover, increasing the curing humidity to 60% relative humidity supports the ongoing hydration of the strength-contributing phases. A binder content ranging from 15% to 25% proved optimal, yielding samples with superior strength and stiffness. While cold pressing initially enhances the bonding properties of MOC, solution loss during the process adversely affects its long-term bonding characteristics. From a mechanical standpoint, the silica-magnesium oxide-magnesium chloride system demonstrates exceptional early strength and resilience, positioning it as a promising rock-like material system.
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Zhan, Keliang, and Junhua Xue. "Development and Properties of a Similar Material to Coal." Energies 15, no. 19 (2022): 6922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15196922.
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In the mining process, protective-seam mining is one of the most effective measures to prevent and control coal and gas outburst accidents across the world. To accurately obtain the fracture development characteristics for protected coal in a similar physical simulation (to two-dimensional (2D) protective-seam mining), a novel and similar material to coal was developed. The similar material was prepared by mixing pulverized coal with a certain particle-size distribution and a water solution of sodium humate, which were separately taken as the aggregate and binder, followed by pressing and drying. Numerous orthogonal proportioning tests revealed that, under the molding pressure of 15 MPa, the unit weight and porosity of the similar material tended to be stable and approach that of raw coal. The similar material has a high compressive strength that is regulatable over a range as wide as 0.5~2.8 MPa and has an approximately linear direct proportional relation with the binder concentration. The adsorption and desorption tests revealed that the similar material features favorable adsorption properties, and its adsorption isotherm agrees with that of raw coal. The similar material is also characterized by a low price for its raw materials, no toxic or side effects, simple proportioning, stable properties, and the convenient regulation of various physical and mechanical parameters. Therefore, it can be used to simulate raw coal with different strengths.
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Gajević, Sandra, Slavica Miladinović, Onur Güler, Hamdullah Çuvalcı, Nenad Miloradović, and Blaža https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4790-2856. "Multi response parameters optimization of ZA-27 nanocomposites." Advanced Technologies & Materials 46, no. 1 (2021): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/atm-2021-1-003.
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In this study, Taguchi-Grey relational analysis was used to investigate and optimize wear parameters such as sliding speed, reinforcement of Gr and reinforcement of Al2O3, and their effect on dry sliding wear performance of ZA-27 nanocomposites. Nanocomposites were synthesized via hot pressing process with pre-processing mechanical milling. Sixteen experimental tests were performed based on design of experiments which was created with the help of Taguchi L16 orthogonal array. Grey relational analysis (GRA) was applied for determination of optimal combination of parameters in order to improve tribological characteristics. Optimal combination of factors, obtained with Taguchi Grey relational analysis was sliding speed of 100 rpm, reinforcement content of 1 vol.% Gr and reinforcement content of 4 vol.% Al2O3. Validation of results was done by using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Developed model had overall regression coefficient 0.99836, and output values showed good correlation with experimental results. Based on this research, it can be observed that nanocomposites with reinforcement of Gr and Al2O3 can be potentially employed in many industries as a good substitute for the base alloy. In addition, as a result of the analysis of the worn surfaces, it was determined that with the increase of the Al2O3 ratio, the hard Al2O3 nanoparticles turned the dominant wear mechanism into abrasive. Also, it was determined that the Gr nanoparticles appeared on the abrasive wear lines.
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Jayakumar, K. "Effect of SiCp Reinforcement on Machinability of A356 Alloy Metal Matrix Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 852 (September 2016): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.852.142.
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Machining of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites (AMMCs) is a challenge for manufacturing industries due to their heterogeneous constituents which vary from soft matrix to hard reinforcements and their interfaces. To overcome the difficulties in machining of MMCs, researchers are continuously working to find the optimum process or machining parameters. In this work, End milling studies were carried out in A356 alloy powder-SiC particles (1 μm) in 0, 5, 10, 15 volume % reinforced AMMCs synthesised by vacuum hot pressing (VHP) route.The influence of machining parameters such as cutting speed, feed and depth of cut on the prepared composites in terms of surface roughness (Ra) and material removal rate (MRR) are measured from experimental study. Experiments were conducted as per Taguchi L16 orthogonal array with 4 factors and 4 levels.From the experimental result, it was identified that surface roughness varied from 0.214 μm to 4.115 μm and MRR varied from minimum of 1.11 cm3/min to maximum of 9.65 cm3/min. It is also observed that, MRR increased with increase in machining parameters and reinforcement quantity. Similarly, surface roughness decreased for increase of cutting speed, SiC particle (SiCp) reinforcement and increased for increase in feed and depth of cut. The optimum condition were observed in higher speed, lower feed and higher depth of cut on MMC with higher SiC content (15%) for getting higher machinability.
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Cao, Chenyao, Jiang Zhu, Tomohisa Tanaka, Fang-Jung Shiou, Shunichi Sawada, and Hayato Yoshioka. "Ball Burnishing of Mg Alloy Using a Newly Developed Burnishing Tool with On-Machine Force Control." International Journal of Automation Technology 13, no. 5 (2019): 619–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2019.p0619.
Full textAbstract:
Burnishing is a surface finishing process, in which a very smooth surface finish is obtained by pressing a ball or roller against a machined workpiece. Additionally, owing to the surface plastic deformation caused by the movement of the hardened ball or roller, other surface properties such as hardness, fatigue life, and wear resistance can be improved. Burnishing force is one of the most important factors affecting the surface modification quality. However, methods for precisely monitoring and controlling the burnishing force are rarely investigated. In this research, a novel ball burnishing tool embedded with a load-cell and air-servo system was developed and fabricated for application to a CNC machining center. Using a specially designed control software, the burnishing force in the burnishing process was monitored in real time and controlled constantly and precisely by a force feedback system. Magnesium alloy AZ31 specimens were used to evaluate the performance of the developed system. The experiments were divided into two parts. In the first part, the effects of the processing parameters on the surface roughness were investigated. The results indicated that the surface roughness could be improved from Ra= 1.95 μm to Ra= 0.26 μm. In the second part, the effects of the burnishing parameters on the surface properties were investigated by conducting experiments using Taguchi’s orthogonal array. The results suggested that the burnishing force was the most significant factors affecting the surface hardness and grain size. The Vickers hardness could be increased from HV62 to HV149. The average grain size was reduced after the burnishing process, and a work-hardening layer thickness of 0.75 mm was achieved. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the crystal orientation was modified after burnishing, and the maximum measured compressed residual stress was 186.3 MPa in the tool feed direction and 87.8 MPa in the step over direction.
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Wu, Yu, Datao Zhou, Hanlin Cheng, and Xiaofang Yuan. "A New Configuration Method for Glass Substrate Transfer Robot Modules Based on Kansei Engineering." Applied Sciences 12, no. 19 (2022): 10091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app121910091.
Full textAbstract:
How to effectively match the relationship between users' perceptual demands and the characteristics of industrial robot modules becomes a pressing issue when perceptual demands become a significant determinant of whether users purchase and employ industrial robots. In this regard, we propose a Kansei Engineering-based method for industrial robot module configuration, using the module design of a glass substrate transfer robot as an example. First, the method analyzes the perceptual demand characteristics of the target user, utilizing the semantic difference method, and then establishes a mapping relationship between the user's perceptual demand and the robot design elements, utilizing the hierarchical inference method. On the basis of this mapping relationship, the robot module for transfer glass substrates is then designed. Finally, orthogonal design and conjoint analysis were used to effectively and objectively analyze user preferences for various module configuration alternatives. The results indicate that the industrial robot's shape, color, and material are the three appearance characteristics that influence the user's perceptual demands. The slender, rigid design features of the industrial robot, such as the streamlined drive shaft, lengthwise expanded body structure, integrated body structure, and hidden plugs, as well as the simple color scheme and smooth metal surface, are key elements in the industrial robot's perceptual design. The turn shaft module and lift shaft module have respective weights of 35.040% and 31.120%, determining whether the glass substrate transfer robot can create a simple style. In the context of the widespread use of industrial robot modules, the methods and findings of this study offer new ideas for the design of industrial robot modules and broaden the research and applications of Kansei Engineering in module design.
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Usanov, Vyacheslav S. "Optimizing the performance of the soybean pulp pelleting press." Agricultural Engineering, no. 1 (2023): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2687-1149-2023-1-33-39.
Full textAbstract:
To determine the optimal design parameters and modes of operation of the screw-type pelleting press, the authors studied the granulation of soybean chaff fractions pre-crushed to 5 mm with the addition of soybean grains as a binder. The pelleting process was stable at a temperature of the pelleting press barrel of 70…80°С and the temperature of pellets at the exit of 65 to 70°С. Humidity control was carried out in accordance with GOST 13496.3-92, the crumbling of pellets - in accordance with GOST 23513-79, GOST 22834-87. Fifteen experiments were carried out in three repetitions according to the matrix of the orthogonal central composition plan of the second order. The factors of the experiment included the matrix thickness, the moisture content of the raw material and the mass fraction of soybean grains in the raw material. The crumbling of the obtained pellets served as the optimization criterion. Based on the experiment results, an adequate regression equation was obtained. It was established that the smallest percentage of pellet crumbling is observed in the moisture content ranges of raw materials of 50 to 60% and the mass fraction of soybean grinding in raw materials of 15 to 16.5%. With a fi xed value of raw material moisture content, the optimal thickness of the pressing matrix corresponds to the range of 27.5 to 39.0 mm, while the mass fraction of soybean grain in the raw material is 15 to 25%. With a fi xed mass fraction of soybean grain, the optimal values of the pressing matrix thickness range between 30 and 40 mm, the values of the initial moisture content are 40 to 60%. To obtain pellets consisting of pre-crushed and moistened soybean chaff and soybean grains with the crumbling rate of less than 12%, the thickness of the matrix with holes with a diameter of 10 mm should be 30 to 40 mm, the mass fraction of soy in the raw material should correspond to 15 to 16.5%, and the moisture content of raw materials should equal 51 to 60%.
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He, Lei, Qian Zhang, Bengang Zhang, et al. "Study on Phenol–Formaldehyde Resin–Montmorillonite Impregnation and Compression Modification of Chinese Fir." Polymers 16, no. 10 (2024): 1385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16101385.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, a phenol–formaldehyde resin–montmorillonite intercalation composite solution was used as a modifier to treat Chinese fir via impregnation and compression. The basic characteristics and wettability of the PF (phenol–formaldehyde)–montmorillonite impregnation solution were analyzed. The effects of the solid content of PF, the quantity of montmorillonite, and the impregnation time on the impregnation weight gain of Chinese fir were studied through orthogonal experiments. The results showed that when the amount of montmorillonite was 1%, the wettability of the PF–montmorillonite impregnation solution performed the best, the curing time was short, and the curing strength was high. The optimal impregnation process consists of a PF solid content of 25%, an impregnation time of 120 min, and a montmorillonite ratio of 1%. Under these conditions, the modified Chinese fir was prepared via hot pressing. The effects of the addition of montmorillonite and different levels of compressibility on the physical and mechanical properties of modified wood were studied. The physical and mechanical properties were found to be better when the compression ratio was 33%: the density increased from 0.33 g/cm3 to 0.58 g/cm3; the surface hardness increased from 33.6 HD to 70.9 HD; the static bending strength increased from 60.4 MPa to 98.7 MPa; and the elastic modulus increased from 6 390 MPa to 11 498 MPa. After 30 days of release, the compression rebound rate was 3.97%. Meanwhile, the micromorphology and heat resistance of the impregnated compressed Chinese fir showed that the PF–montmorillonite impregnation solution entered into the cell cavity and intercellular space of the Chinese fir and formed a good composite, thus improving the water resistance, heat resistance, and physical and mechanical properties.