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Journal articles on the topic 'Orthographic rules'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Labroska, Veselinka, and Namita Subiotto. "Pravorečna in pravopisna norma v makedonščini – aktualno stanje." Jezik in slovstvo 66, no. 2-3 (2024): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/jis.66.2-3.193-202.

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This article presents the current situation of orthographic and orthoepic norms in Macedonian. Since the first Macedonian orthography in 1945, the orthographic rules have been adapted several times to the modern needs of the Macedonian standard language and brought into line with the usage norm, most recently in 2017. The new orthography follows the principles of the previous orthographies and the orientation outlined by Blaže Koneski in his grammar, in that it consistently refers only to orthographic rules. The orthoepic rules in the existing grammars of the Macedonian language are insufficie

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HSUAN, CHUNG-HUI, HENRY J. TSAI, and RHONA STAINTHORP. "The role of phonological and orthographic awareness in learning to read among Grade 1 and 2 students in Taiwan." Applied Psycholinguistics 39, no. 1 (2017): 117–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716417000194.

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ABSTRACTThe role of phonological and orthographic awareness on Chinese character reading from Grade 1 to 2 was investigated with 112 Taiwanese children. Phonological awareness (onset, rime, and tone), rudimentary orthographic awareness (character configuration and structure knowledge), and character reading were assessed in each grade. The strategy of learning to read novel characters using regular or sophisticated orthography-to-phonology correspondence rules or character mapping was tested in Grade 2. Our results suggested that (a) phonological and orthographic awarenesses are important in G

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Gruaz, Claude. "Pour une méthode active de remédiation orthographique pour des apprenants allophones." Travaux neuchâtelois de linguistique, no. 54 (January 1, 2011): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/tranel.2011.2879.

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Teaching orthography to allophone adults is the source of specific problems to which the knowledge of grammatical rules applied to exercises gives no satisfactory answer. These persons have a competence of their own language and the question is how to let them acquire new automatisms. The progression put forward is: 1. Identification of the deviations from the rules by means of a diagram which helps to draw an orthographic profile. 2. Orthographical profile. 3. Remedying, taking into account linguistic considerations and the competence of the person. 4. Pedagogical processes based on analogy a

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Ding, Q. "AMBIGUOUS PARAGRAPH: PROBLEMS OF USING CAPITAL LETTERS IN THE CONTEXT OF "SPECIAL SUBLIME MEANING"." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 32, no. 2 (2022): 400–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2022-32-2-400-407.

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Along with the arbitrary application of §203 of the «Russian orthographic and punctuation rules. Complete Academic Handbook», leading to the excessive use of capital letters in usus, there are many other real issues related to this orthographic norm. What is the scope and criteria of special sublime meaning? How to comply with soft norms, which are not rules? The article outlines the general problem associated with the rules of Russian orthography: in literary and journalistic works, common nouns written with a capital letter are often found, which are attributed to a high value. The fuzziness

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Rustamovna, Abduraxmonova Umida. "Methods Of Orthographic And Grammatic Analysis Of Uzbek Writing." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 03, no. 04 (2021): 364–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume03issue04-55.

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Orthography is a system of rules adopted to correctly express an idea through writing, which ensures that the idea is equally expressed both for the writer and for the reader. In the teaching of orthography, hearing and sight play an important role. In addition, factors such as logical thinking, memory, intelligence also play an important role in the formation of orthographic skills in students. These are those in which orthography creates a certain system in teaching, one complements the other. This article will give an idea of the methods of orthographic analysis.

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Yudina, N. V. "RUSSIAN ORTHOGRAPHY AND PUNCTUATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY: «MAN» AND «LAW»." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University, no. 3 (July 28, 2016): 227–333. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2016-3-227-333.

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The paper is focused on the research and description of several active processes in Russian orthography and punctuation of the 21st century. The following tendencies are most specific: difference between the codified recommendations of rules and the written (orthographic and punctuative) practice; wish of a modern language personality to make the linguistic activity creative, use the expressive means of graphics, orthography and punctuation and draw attention of those who read and write; intentional violation of the orthographic and punctuative norms caused either by a low level of the written

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Jacobsen, Henrik Galberg. "Den normative ortografi og udtalen. Skitse til en typologi." Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia 20, no. 1 (2016): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fsp-2016-0024.

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Abstract The paper deals with the relations between Danish pronunciation and the so-called ‘normative orthography’, i.e. the official Danish writing rules as laid down by the authorities in orthographic directives since 1889. The specific aim of the paper is to suggest a model for defining and describing the different kinds of normative orthography and their mutual relations. The criteria used for placing the orthographic rules in the model are (a) whether the rule is dependent on pronunciation or not, and (b) whether the resulting orthography (i.e. the prescribed letters) are linguistic sign

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Silva, Cristina, Francisco Peixoto, and Liliana Salvador. "“With a little help from my friends”: Effects of a self-reflection tool and social interaction on orthographic performance." Journal of Writing Research 16, no. 2 (2024): 323–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17239/jowr-2024.16.02.05.

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This study investigates the impact of peer orthographic revision using a self-reflection tool on orthographic performance in order to improve the understanding and applying of phonological, contextual and morphological rules in third-grade students. Children were assigned to one of three groups: two experimental groups (individual group, dyadic interaction group) and a control group. In the experimental training programme, a self-correction orthographic rubric was used, but while children in the individual group self-corrected the words, children in the dyadic interaction group did it in pairs

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Molas, Jerzy. "Strelica je pogodila grješnika – o pewnym problemie pisowni chorwackiej w świetle danych komputerowego korpusu języka." Slavia Meridionalis 10 (August 31, 2015): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sm.2010.016.

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Strelica je pogodila grješnika – a certain issue of the Croatian orthography in light of the Croatian National Corpus dataBased on the Croatian National Corpus data the author presents inconsistencies in the spelling rules regarding words like str(j)elica, gr(j)ešnik which are described in Croatian orthographic dictionaries. The paper addresses also the discrepancies between orthographic norm and how it is reflected in the real Croatian texts, as well as the ideological reasons for these differences.

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Dols-Koot, Ilona J. E., and Jimmy H. M. van Rijt. "‘Hakken en plakken’." Dutch Journal of Applied Linguistics 8, no. 2 (2019): 310–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dujal.17030.dol.

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Abstract Orthography is considered to be a major problem in Dutch education, since many pupils don’t seem to be able to master orthographic rules, even after years of education. In educational literature it is argued that the problems related to spelling are caused by approaches that focus more on rules of thumb than on linguistic insights. This is somewhat remarkable, since a good understanding of the Dutch orthographic system requires a fair amount of morphological knowledge. In order to effectively implement this knowledge, the development of a morphological awareness (MA) seems to be requi

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Templeton, Shane, and Linda Scarborough-Franks. "The spelling's the thing: Knowledge of derivational morphology in orthography and phonology among older students." Applied Psycholinguistics 6, no. 4 (1985): 371–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400006317.

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ABSTRACTThis study examines the ability of good and poor spellers at grades six and ten to generate orthographic and phonetic derivatives for three predominant vowel alternation patterns characteristic of internal derivational morphology. Results support the hypothesis that a productive knowledge of these patterns in orthography precedes a productive knowledge of these patterns in phonology. Further, orthographic (visual) information was found to be superior to phonetic (aural) information in accessing the appropriate derivational morphological rules. An order is identified for the acquisition

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Stevanović, Jelena M., Jadranka Ž. Milošević, and Emilija N. Lazarević. "OPEN AND CLOSED COMPOUND WORDS IN SERBIAN ORTHOGRAPHY: DIACHRONIC APPROACH." Узданица XXI, no. 2 (2024): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/uzdanica21.2.049s.

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The main goal of the paper is to determine the differences related to one of the most complex areas of Serbian orthography – open and closed compound words – explored from the diachronic perspective, that is, our goal is to examine what formal and se- mantic criteria authors/editors of orthography handbooks followed when it comes to writing compounds, semi-compounds, and syntagms. The corpus consists of the following: Srpski pravopis [Serbian Orthography] (1914); Pravopis srpskohrvatskog književnog jezika [Or- thography of the Serbo-Croatian Literary Language] (1923); Pravopisno uputstvo za sv

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Laczkó, Krisztina. "A tulajdonnévi helyesírás változásai az AkH. 12. kiadásában." Névtani Értesítő 38 (December 29, 2016): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.29178/nevtert.2016.14.

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In September 2015, the 12th, revised and updated edition of the reference book entitled A magyarhelyesírás szabályai (Rules and Dictionary of Hungarian Orthography) came into force; which, keeping both the status and the corpus intact in its traditional systematic character, aims to rationalize the existing system by way of changing, modifying and maintaining previously established orthographic rules. This is especially true for the category of proper names, in the case of which stability and the requirement of indicating the extent of the name form are primary factors. Proper names, at the sa

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Palomino Gonzales, Niel Agripino. "Técnica Lecretexor para dinamizar la enseñanza y aprendizaje de la ortografía." Revista Investigación Universitaria 11, no. 2 (2021): 571–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.53470/riu.v11i2.23.

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The principal objective of investigation serves to be the determination of the form in than the application of the technique LECRETEXOR (reading and creation of orthographic texts) influences the learning of orthography. The methodology used was the cuasiexperimental. The subjects of the cross - section constituted the schoolgirls of the first grade of secondary (First A, Experimental group) and (First B, Control group) of private school of misses Juan Landázuri of Cusco. The principal conclusion of investigation are: Than applying the technique LECRETEXOR in several learning sessions, it turn

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Pletneva, Alexandra. "Советская орфография: предыстория, программы, реализация". Fontes Slaviae Orthodoxae 1, № 1 (2019): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/fso.3047.

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The article is devoted to the orthographic reform of 1917-1918 and the cultural and historical context in which it was prepared. The era between the reign of Alexander II and the revolution is characterized by a broad public debate about a wide range of reforms. During these decades, a mass of various reform projects appeared. It is in this context that projects of simplification of Russian orthography should also be considered. The issue of simplification of orthography was first raised by the teachers, complaining that teaching children orthographic rules took almost the entire academic time

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Ferroni, Marina, Beatriz Diuk, and Milagros Mena. "Acquisition of orthographic knowledge: orthographic representations and context sensitive rules." psicología desde el caribe 33, no. 3 (2016): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/psdc.33.3.6942.

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Ferroni, Marina, Beatriz Diuk, and Milagros Mena. "Acquisition of orthographic knowledge: orthographic representations and context sensitive rules." Psicología desde el Caribe 33, no. 3 (2016): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/psdc.33.3.9487.

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Duranović, Mirela. "Spelling Errors of Dyslexic Children in Bosnian Language With Transparent Orthography." Journal of Learning Disabilities 50, no. 5 (2016): 591–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022219416645814.

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The purpose of this study was to explore the nature of spelling errors made by children with dyslexia in Bosnian language with transparent orthography. Three main error categories were distinguished: phonological, orthographic, and grammatical errors. An analysis of error type showed 86% of phonological errors,10% of orthographic errors, and 4% of grammatical errors. Furthermore, the majority errors were the omissions and substitutions, followed by the insertions, omission of rules of assimilation by voicing, and errors with utilization of suffix. We can conclude that phonological errors were

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Gavranović, Valentina, and Saša Čorboloković. "Standard abbreviations in students' translations from English into Serbian." Zbornik radova Pedagoskog fakulteta, Uzice, no. 26 (2024): 341–54. https://doi.org/10.5937/zrpfu2426341c.

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This paper investigates abbreviations that are commonly used in writing in the Serbian and English languages with the aim of examining how well students know and apply abbreviating rules when translating from English into Serbian. It focuses on orthographic rules pertaining to writing abbreviations, the most common mistakes, and the analysis of whether these mistakes result from different orthographic solutions in both languages, linguistic interference, or the creation of a pseudo-norm. The instrument used in this research relied on a test with 20 sentences in English that contained the keywo

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Štumberger, Saška. "Nemški pravopis in spolno vključujoče pisanje." Jezik in slovstvo 66, no. 2-3 (2024): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/jis.66.2-3.181-192.

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The article presents the path to a uniform orthography for the German language and the German spelling reform of 1996. The German language is spoken in different countries, so spelling uniformity is not self-evident. The reasons for this are practical, and international commissions with experts from various fields cooperate in the preparation of spelling rules and recommendations. The first German orthography was written in 1880 by a high school teacher, Konrad Duden, and was declared to be authoritative at the Second Orthographic Conference of 1901. In 1902, German orthography was approved by

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Cahill, Lynne. "What are the “phonemes” in phoneme-grapheme mappings?" Written Language and Literacy 20, no. 1 (2017): 104–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.20.1.06cah.

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Abstract The CELEX lexical database (Baayen, Piepenbrock & van Rijn 1995) was developed in the 1990s, providing a database of the syntactic, morphological, phonological and orthographic forms of between 50,000 and 125,000 words of Dutch, English and German. This database was used as the basis for the development of the PolyLex lexicons, which included syntactic, morphological and phonological information for around 3,000 words of Dutch, English and German. Orthographic information was subsequently added in the PolyOrth project. The PolyOrth project was based on the assumption that the unde

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Pogačnik, Aleš. "Prevzemanje besed v slovenščini." Jezik in slovstvo 48, no. 6 (2024): 25–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/jis.48.6.25-48.

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The Slovene language does not have any fixed rules for borrowing foreign words. There are some orthographic rules concerning the borrowing of foreign words, but both the usage of written Slovene and the rules, which are over 20 years old, demonstrate numerous inconsistencies. This article, based on years of experience in the editing of lexicographic books, recapitulates the inconsistencies, unnecessary complications and deficiencies of the Slovene orthographic rules on borrowings, especially of personal names, and offers an alternative guideline.

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Dinislamova, O. Yu, and L. N. Panchenko. "To the issue about graphic and orthography variation in the modern Mansi language." BULLETIN OF UGRIC STUDIES 14, no. 2 (2024): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30624/2220-4156-2024-14-2-267-278.

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the article is devoted to the variation of graphics and orthography of the Sosva dialect of the modern Mansi language, which is part of the Northern dialect and is the basis of the written and literary language. Objective: identification and description of the graphic and orthographic variation of the modern Mansi literary language (Sosva dialect). Research materials: lexical units of the Sosva dialect of the Northern dialect of the Mansi language that have more than one spelling variant. Results and novelty of the research: the article for the first time in modern Mansi linguistics considers

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Walder, Adrienne. "Das versale Eszett." Zeitschrift für germanistische Linguistik 48, no. 2 (2020): 211–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zgl-2020-2001.

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AbstractIn June 2017, a new letter was officially introduced into the German language: the capital eszett <ẞ>. Following a suggestion of the Rat für deutsche Rechtschreibung (Council for German Orthography), the letter was included in the revised version of the official spelling rules, and also the new 2017 edition of the Duden mentions the capital eszett. The present article investigates the reasons underlying this orthographic change.

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Savchenko, Irina Stepanovna. "«Аlphabetic» polemic in Ukraine in the 19th ‒ early 21st century". Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu. Serìâ: Fìlologìâ 14, № 24 (2021): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-3055-2021-14-24-133-141.

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After numerous discussions, the 2019 «Ukrainian Orthographic Norms» took effect. The innovations proposed in it necessitated turning the pages of the history of Ukrainian graphics and spelling for understanding why «alphabetic wars» in Ukraine continue today and the consequences of such scholarly battles. The purpose of the paper is to give a brief overview of the «spelling wars» in Ukraine in the 19th ‒ early 21st centuries, to expose the causes and consequences of the lingering struggle for the affirmation of specific language norms. In the first half of the 19th century the struggle between

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Kosyreva, Marina Sergeevna. "Orthographic destabilization in the Russian language in the early XXI century." Филология: научные исследования, no. 10 (October 2021): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2021.10.36534.

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This article analyzes the phenomenon of orthographic destabilization in the Russian language in the early XXI century. The phonic and graphic word forms compete in the process of phonetic-graphic adaptation of global lexis to the conditions of the accepting language. The spring to life of the loanword in the new orthographic conditions is associated with variability of the form. Over time, the form of the word stabilizes, resulting in formal de-barbarization of the loanword. In the early XXI century, certain lexical globalisms retain variability even after codification in the normative and spe

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Vasilyeva, Nadezhda M. "Spelling Norms of the Yakut language and Speech Practice of Ulus (District) Newspapers." Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices 20, no. 1 (2022): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-897x-2023-20-1-88-98.

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The aim of the study is to identify and typologize the violations of orthographic norms in the Yakut language in the materials of ulus (district) newspapers. In order to achieve this goal, the following tasks are envisaged: 1) selection of ulus (district) Yakut-language newspapers for monitoring; 2) orthographic review of newspaper materials; 3) evaluation of the frequency of use and forms of spelling (In Russian script / fonetized form) of borrowed words in ulus (district) newspapers; 4) analysis of typical violations of Yakut orthography rules in ulus (district) newspapers. The scientific no

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Neamțu, Alina-Paula. "Atypical Spellings in Cyberspace – Between Deviation and Creativity." Acta Marisiensis. Philologia 6, no. 6 (2024): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.62838/amph-2024-0112.

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Once technology enhanced the means of self-expression in multiple ways, Romanian speakers have developed an original manner of spelling in cyberspace. We therefore refer to “nonstandard orthography” as being any type of spelling which abolishes the actual rules imposed by the Orthographic, Orthoepic and Morhological Dictionary of Romanian (abbreviated as DOOM). The main function of unspecific spelling is the stylistic one, non-standard orthography having negative, deprecative meanings or hiding vulgar, indecent, slang terms. Our paper describes occurrent tendencies in cyberlanguage and exempli

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Cuadros, Muñoz Roberto, and Vázquez Julián Sancha. "Orthography as an ideological issue on Twitter." Círculo de Lingüística Aplicada a la Comunicación 93 (June 7, 2023): 201–2014. https://doi.org/10.5209/clac.79970.

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Our objective has been to study the metalinguistic awareness of the Twitter users regarding the orthography of Spanish from the political-ideological point of view. For this, a sociolinguistic study has been carried out from a corpus made up of 30,225 tweets. The results seem to show that in Twitter Spanish users continue to use the orthography as a throwing weapon and an element of prestige; however, the number of users who consider that the use and preservation of orthographic rules are a matter of classism, if not of pure social elitism or “colonial” racism, is beginning to grow

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Horodenska, Kateryna. "Principles and methodology of “Ukrainian spelling”." Ukrainska mova, no. 1 (2023): 32–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ukrmova2023.01.032.

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This article addresses the methodology of creating a new, national “Ukrainian Spelling” free from foreign spelling influence. The author substantiates the need to use such methodological principles as scientificity, Ukrainian-centricity, consistency, logic, orien ta tion to the needs of language practice and stability. The essence of each of these prin ciples and the peculiarities of their implementation are clarified, and typical metho do logical violations in the spellings of the Soviet and post-Soviet periods are determined. Based on a comparison of spelling codes of the 20th—21st centuries

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Dedková, Iva. "De l’ancienne à la nouvelle orthographe du français : le cas de la presse francophone." Çédille, no. 26 (2024): 279–307. https://doi.org/10.25145/j.cedille.2024.26.16.

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The article examines the use of traditional and rectified French orthography (1990) in journalistic texts, focusing on the most prevalent type of orthography applied during the period 2014 to 2021. The analysis is based on four sub-corpora created from a large French textual orpus incorporated into the Sketch Engine platform. The study’s findings shed light not only on the predominant graphical variants in the analyzed sub-corpora but also on the potential correlation, or its lack, between these forms and other characteristics such as the frequency in occurrence of selected words, the source c

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Ivanova, O. E. "Spelling of adverbs: old and new issues (from the materials of the academic description of Russian spelling)." Russian language at school 83, no. 1 (2022): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30515/0131-6141-2022-83-1-56-66.

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The article prompts a discussion of several traditional and new issues concerned with the orthographic rules of spelling adverbs. The research work performed prior to the formulation of spelling rules for the academic description necessitated a more rigorous evaluation of several established ideas about the ways adverb spelling rules are organized and what the actual lexical material relating to this area is. In addition, it should be clarified to what extent this material is governed by rules and to what extent – by a dictionary. The paper examines the approach to the rules of spelling adverb

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Tepavčević, Miodarka. "Normative aspects and adoption of orthographical content in Montenegrin higher education." Zeitschrift für Slawistik 69, no. 2 (2024): 303–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/slaw-2024-0016.

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Summary The development of literacy in Montenegrin society is a very reliable indicator of the state and level not only of the general culture and education, but also of the social culture. This lends immense significance to any work on improving the language culture in Montenegro in all of its diverse manifestations, as well as to the popularisation of the basic principles of good literacy. Orthography has an important place within the entire course of schooling in the Montenegrin language syllabus, and so it is very important to be developing and encouraging skills of linguistic expression a

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Lacadena García-Gallo, Alfonso, and Søren Wichmann. "Harmony Rules and the Suffix Domain: A Study of Maya Scribal Conventions." Revista Española de Antropología Americana 49, Especial (2019): 183–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/reaa.64966.

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In 2004, Lacadena and Wichmann proposed a set of orthographic rules for the Maya script. The choice of using one of three different patterns of syn- or disharmonic spellings allowed Maya scribes to signal whether word-final syllables contained a short vowel, a long vowel or a glottal stop. In our earlier paper we focused on the lexical evidence for these orthographic «harmony rules». Although it was stated that the rules apply equally well when a suffix is involved and when no suffix is involved, the data relating to the former situation were not discussed in detail. This is the aim of the pre

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Violeta, Januševa, and Jurukovska Jana. "THE ORTHOGRAPHY OF THE HYPHENATED COMPOUND NOUNS IN THE STANDARD MACEDONIAN LANGUAGE AND THE JOURNALISTIC SUB-STYLE." European Journal of Foreign Language Teaching 2, no. 3 (2017): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.820133.

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The orthography provides the basis for formation of a written text and its correct implementation guaranties the stability of the standard norm. At the same time, the development of society implies development of the language, because it has to address the needs of its users. New words permanently enter the language, so the orthography has to provide explanations and precise rules that will regulate their correct use. Thus, the orthography should constantly be updated with new examples and rules, which will contribute to decrease the possibility for ambiguous orthographic solutions. After almo

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Ilyin, Dmitrii Yu, and Elena G. Sidorova. "Variability of the language norm in the functioning of toponyms: Problems and contradictions." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature 17, no. 4 (2020): 615–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2020.408.

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The article examines the linguistic content of the language norm related to the spelling of geographic proper names. As the basic notion, the authors use Ludmila Verbitskaya’s definition of the norm recognizing orthographic standards as a particular case of a language norm. The significance of a research in this area is due, firstly, to specificities of spelling norms, and secondly, difficulties of proper name codification. The orthographic norms are characterized by a significantly higher degree of strictness in comparison with other types of linguistic standards, hence, the avoidance of topo

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ROLLINGS, ANDREW. "System and chaos in English spelling: the case of the voiceless palato-alveolar fricative." English Language and Linguistics 7, no. 2 (2003): 211–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674303001084.

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This article explores the orthographic labyrinth surrounding the phoneme often spelt <sh>, and looks for a path or network of paths through it. The aim is to offer a microcosm of what is still lacking in the literature, namely a highly detailed and explanatory account of all spellings of all phonemes, in which the various factors that have affected spellings (and more interestingly their relationships with spoken forms) are granted their importance. The purpose of such a full account would be to facilitate better understanding of how the orthography functions, which should in turn be of

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Nada, Tsania Qothrun, Siti Nur Faizah та Sinta Nuriyah Azzahra. "Orthographic Identity of Rasm ʿUthmānī in the Qur’an: Tracing Substitution, Hamzah, and Word Structure". An-Nur International Journal of The Quran & Hadith 3, № 1 (2025): 44–53. https://doi.org/10.62032/aijqh.v3i1.79.

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This study explores the orthographic characteristics of Rasm Uthmānī, the codified Qur’anic script established during the caliphate of ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān, focusing on three core features: al-Badl (letter substitution), Ahkām al-Hamzāt (rules governing the glottal stop), and al-Faṣl wa al-Waṣl (word separation and conjunction). Using a descriptive-linguistic and historical-contextual approach, the research analyzes how these features differ from modern Arabic orthography and how they accommodate phonetic diversity, syntactic fluidity, and theological nuance. The findings reveal that the Uthmānī

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Horodenska, Kateryna. "PROBLEMS OF UKRAINIAN TERMINOLOGY IN THE CONTEXT OF CHANGES TO THE NEW «UKRAINIAN ORTHOGRAPHY»." Terminological Bulletin, no. 6 (2021): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37919/2221-8807-2021-6-1.

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This article focuses on the systematization of new rules and partial corrections of the rules made in the «Ukrainian orthography» of 2019, they are valuated in terms of expediency and need to solve urgent spelling problems of Ukrainian terminology. The author indicates orthographic norms that have given consistency to the Ukrainian orthography and eliminated long-standing contradictions. The article shows the ignored or illogically interpreted spelling problems, primarily related to the transfer of terms of foreign origin. Special attention was paid to numerous variant additions to the spellin

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Cahill, Lynne, Carole Tiberius, and Jon Herring. "PolyOrth." Written Language and Literacy 16, no. 2 (2013): 146–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.16.2.02cah.

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The relationship between orthography, phonology and morphology varies with different languages and writing systems. These relationships are by no means random. They follow rules, albeit with exceptions, even for relatively irregular languages like English. In this paper, we present the PolyOrth approach to representing these relationships, which definines orthographic forms in terms of their phonological and morphological correspondences within inheritance lexicons. The approach involves defining Finite State Transducers (FSTs), but in a much more subtle way than traditional speech-to-text or

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Zuidema, Johan, and Anneke Neijt. "The BasisSpellingBank." Written Language and Literacy 20, no. 1 (2017): 52–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.20.1.04zui.

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Abstract The BasisSpellingBank is the first lexicon where the spellings and pronunciations of words are documented explicitly and separately for all relevant word parts. Unlike earlier descriptions of Dutch orthography in terms of rules and underlying forms, the BasisSpellingBank departs from the concept of storage and the way spelling is taught in schools. At its core are triplets of phoneme(s), grapheme(s), and the spelling category(s) which describe the correspondences between them. The triplet notation provides a detailed, exhaustive description of Dutch orthography. It is a formal system

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Đorđev, Ivana Đ. "O PODELI REČI NA KRAJU REDA U PISMENIM ZADACIMA." Nasledje Kragujevac XIX, no. 53 (2022): 185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/naskg2253.185d.

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With the development of electronic literacy and the dominance of printed text over hand- written text, the need to know the rules of word division at the end of a line is decreasing. However, it is inevitably actualized when writing school written assignments. In this paper, therefore, we bring an excerpt from a broader study dealing with the orthographic norm in the written assignments of high school students of different educational profiles and directions in the Republic of Serbia. The goal is to determine the orthographic characteristics of more than 3 000 written assignments from the subj

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García Andreva, Fernando, and Miguel Las Heras Calvo. "Funciones y criterios lingüísticos para el uso de la coma en la Ortografía académica (2010)." Roczniki Humanistyczne 67, no. 5 (2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rh.2019.67.5-2.

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The RAE and the ASALE published their Ortografía de la lengua española in 2010, where, among other orthographic rules, the use of punctuation marks is established. The orthographic competence for the use of these signs, particularly in the case of the comma, requires a complex linguistic (prosody, morphosyntax, semantics, discourse analysis, etc.) and extralinguistic know-ledge on the part of its users. In view of such complexity, this article seeks to conduct a critical review of the main functions of the comma and the criteria followed in the aforementioned work to establish the rules for co

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Yaner, O. S., and I. G. Kulina. "THE FORMATION OF ORTHOGRAPHIC NORM IN GERMAN LANGUAGE." Writings in Romance-Germanic Philology, no. 1(50) (October 13, 2023): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2307-4604.2023.1(50).285574.

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The article is about the formation of orthographic norm in German language since the XVII century up to the present time. The stages of the formation of German orthographic norm are examined with the description of the main characteristics of each of them. On the basis of the research works of prominent Ukrainian and foreign linguists and conference documents related to the formation and codification of a definite orthographic norm in German (Standarddeutsch) from the XVII century up to the present day, a certain simplification of certain spelling rules in modern German and more consistent adh

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Bode Ekundayo, Omowumi Steve. "The Implications of Orthographic Intraference for the Teaching and Description of ESL: The Educated Nigerian English Examples." GiST Education and Learning Research Journal, no. 10 (June 20, 2015): 128–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26817/16925777.271.

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This paper examines orthographic intraference and its implications for teaching and describing English as a second language (ESL). Orthographic intraference is used here to denote instances of single word spelling, acronyms, mix up of homophones, homonyms and compound word spelling arising not from interference but from orthographic rules and features of the English language. The paper is based on the concept of intraference and examples were gathered from Nigerian English, the educated variety, from 2005 to 2013 with questionnaires and recording of spontaneous speeches and from secondary sour

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Kholmonova, Z. T., M. T. Abdurakhmonova, and M. F. Kholmurodova. "Writing and orthographic rules -the basis of language development." ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 10, no. 8 (2020): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7137.2020.00978.7.

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Kaur, Kamaljeet, and Parminder Singh. "Hindi to Punjabi Transliteration using Phonetic and Orthographic Rules." International Journal of Computer Applications 114, no. 8 (2015): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/20002-1761.

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ORHUN, Murat. "THE ALTERING PROCESS OF ORTHOGRAPHIC RULES IN UYGHUR LANGUAGE." ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR DIE WELT DER TÜRKEN / JOURNAL OF WORLD OF TURKS / TÜRKLERİN DÜNYASI DERGİSİ 14, no. 3 (2022): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/zfwt/140303.

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Uyghur people used many alphabets from past to present. Because of many reasons related to the alphabets they used and the periods in which those alphabets were used, changes were made in the rules of spelling. With the stream of time, there might be changes in the number and spelling of words used in languages, but such a change has been experienced more in Uyghur language than in other languages. While only four alphabet changes were made in Uyghur language, which has been used in the Uyghur Autonomous Region of China since 1950, eight spelling changes were made from 1980 to 2010. Uyghur peo

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Malkić, Mensur. "The function of pause symbols in mushafs." Zbornik radova 19, no. 19 (December 15, 2021): 337–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51728/issn.2637-1480.2021.19.337.

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In our homeland, Bosnia and Herzegovina, there are different versions of Mushaf characterized by certain differences in the use of orthographic, tajweed as well as pause signs and symbols, i.e., diacritical marks. In this paper we will present the meaning and function of pause symbols in the Mushafs of the Medinan and Istanbul orthographic versions, which are widely used in our area, and to emphasize the importance of knowing and understanding their function as well as applying the corresponding rules, and to compare the pause symbols in the same verses of the Medinan and Istanbul orthographic

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Ding, Qiang. "In accordance with the laws of the genre: the peculiarities of using uppercase letters in Internet memes and postcards." Litera, no. 6 (June 2021): 124–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2021.6.35755.

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Internet memes and postcards as the popular carriers of Internet communications, implement new, simplified in literary and aesthetic level forms of communication. The process of creating such genres entails departure from orthographic rules, among which is the use of uppercase letters. The subject of the research is the determination of peculiarities of practical use of uppercase letters in Internet memes and postcards. The goal is to follow the observance of orthographic rules in these genres regarding the use of uppercase letters, as well as to identify the stylistic peculiarities of these t

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