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Eriksson, Pernilla, and Evelina Johansson. "Konservativa behandlingsmetoder för medial collateral ligamentskada med låst och öppen ortos." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-14371.
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Bakgrund: Behandlingen av Mediala collateral ligament (MCL) skador är debatterad. En skada på MCL kan leda till sämre medial stabilitet och nedsatt aktivitetsförmåga. Målet med den konservativa behandlingsformen är att minska svullnad och smärta för att på så vis få tillbaka full rörlighet och stabilitet. Behandlingen innebär ofta någon form av öppen eller låst ortos tillsammans med ett rehabiliteringsprogram. Syftet: Syftet med studien är att utifrån litteraturen analysera studiernas bevisvärde och beskriva konservativa behandlingsmetoder för MCL, med öppna och låsta ortoser tillsammans med träning. Metod: En litteraturstudie användes, då syftet var att göra en beskrivning av kunskapsläget. Artikelsökningen resulterade i 13 inkluderade studier. För att bestämma bevisvärde för studierna användes en granskningsmall av Carlsson och Eiman (2003) och Statens beredning för medicinsk utvärderings punkt om studiedesign. Resultat: Studierna fick bevisvärden från lågt - mycket lågt. Efter analys av de inkluderade studierna framkom att den mediala knästabiliteten uppvisade ett varierat resultat i båda grupperna med öppen och låst ortos. Dock återgick de flesta patienter till sin tidigare aktivitetsförmåga efter behandlingarnas slut. Slutsats: Av litteraturstudien kan inga slutsatser dras gällande i vilken utsträckning den mediala knästabiliteten och aktivitetsförmågan förändrats efter konservativ behandling med öppen respektive låst orts tillsammans med träning. Studiernas låga bevisvärde och varierade behandlingsmetoder inom låst respektive öppen ortos försvagar slutsatsen ytterligare.
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Ridderstolpe, Jenny, and Gunilla Koorn-Bygren. "Upplevelser av att använda ortos på handen : -intervjuer utifrån ett livsvärldsperspektiv." Thesis, Örebro University, Academy of Health Science, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-2148.
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Bakgrund: Handen är ett sinnesorgan och känselspröt mot omgivningen. Det är med handen som vi till stor del uppfattar och undersöker vår omgivning. Arbetsterapeuter behandlar personer med skador och sjukdomar i handen med ortos. Det som beskrivs i litteraturen om ortosbehandling är fokuserat på funktion och tekniska lösningar inte så mycket på hur det är att leva med en ortos och hur det påverkar personens upplevelse av sin situation.
Syftet: var att beskriva vilka upplevelser vuxna personer har av att använda ortos på handen. Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie utifrån ett livsvärldsperspektiv genomfördes med 6 personer. De var mellan 26 och 62 år och bestod av både män och kvinnor med olika diagnoser och upplevelser av att använda ortos på handen. Materialet analyserades i flera steg.
Resultat: Upplevelserna av att använda ortos på handen resulterade i en beskrivning inom de fyra livsvärldsexistentialerna, levd kropp, levt rum, levd tid och levda relationer. En dubbelhet vid användning av ortos återfanns hos alla informanter och utgjordes av de motstridiga känslor som var förenade med de möjligheter och begränsningar ortosen gav. Resultatet visade att användning av ortos var en komplex upplevelse som både underlättade och begränsade dagliga aktiviteter.
Slutsats: Resultatet möjliggör för arbetsterapeuter att öka sin förståelse för vilka upplevelser som kan var förknippade med att använda ortos på handen och på så sätt öka personernas delaktighet i behandlingen.
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Awadis, Elias. "Hälsoekonomisk utvärdering : Össur Nordic AB." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26669.
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ii Sammanfattning Ekonomihögskolan, Linnéuniversitetet, Controller, kurskod: 4FE03E, våren 2013 Författare: Elias Awadis Handledare: Elin Funck Titel: Hälsoekonomisk utvärdering - Össur Nordic AB Bakgrund: Hälsoekonomi som vetenskaplig disciplin har sina rötter långt tillbaka på 1960-talet och har sitt ursprung i att resurserna i samhället är begränsade. De begränsade resurserna inom sjukvården resulterade i att hälsosektorn var tvungna att prioritera. Mot bakgrund av ständigt återkommande diskussioner om resursbrist i sjukvården har hälsoekonomi framträtt som en framstående disciplin inom hälso- och sjukvårdssektorn. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att utveckla en hälsoekonomisk utvärdering med ett samhällsperspektiv för Össurs knäartrosbehandling med Unloader® One i jämförelse med traditionell farmakologisk behandling. Vidare avser studien att förklara vilka faktorer som är väsentliga att beakta vid utvecklandet av en hälsoekonomisk utvärdering. Metod: Ett interventionistiskt angreppssätt har använts i studien för att kunna uppfylla syftet med studien. Datainsamlingsmetoder såsom intervjuer har använts i syfte att erhålla utökad kunskap. Dokumentstudier har också varit nödvändiga för att kunna slutföra kalkylberäkningarna. För- och nackdelar med de metodologiska val som gjorts diskuteras ingående. Resultat: Resultaten från denna studie visar att en behandling med Unloader® One i jämförelse med traditionell farmakologisk behandling har lägre kostnader ur ett samhällsperspektiv. Resultatet visar även att det finns ett antal faktorer som är väsentliga att beakta i utvecklandet av en hälsoekonomisk utvärdering, såsom bland annat kostnader som skall ingå i beräkningen, tillgången på data samt valet av typpatient. Slutsatser: De resultat som presenterats bör beaktas med försiktighet, men studien ger upphov till intressanta slutresultat som är användbara inför framtida utvärderingsarbete. Kostnadsanalysen visade att sjukskrivningskostnaderna är de största kostnaderna ur ett samhällsperspektiv, och det är förmodligen är där de största kostnadsbesparingarna kan göras. Dock krävs mer tillgång till data för att öka utvärderingens evidensgrad
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Nimander, Didrik, and Simon Söderlund. "Analys av muskelaktivitet i underbenet vid gång. : En studie på tre olika fotledsortoser." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknik och hälsa (STH), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-210687.
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Projektet syftade till att undersöka skillnaden på tre olika utformningar av fotledsortoser när det kommer till muskel-aktivitet i underbenet vid gång. Det genomfördes på grund av att det finns få studier på hur olika fotledsortoser förhåller sig till varandra, därmed är kunskapen begränsad. Tillvägagångssättet var att skriva ett matlabskript som manipulerade och analyserade all indata och levererade jämförbara resultat för de enskilda ortoserna. Analysen skedde i fyra övergripande moment där det första var att manipulera EMG:ts rådata för att förenkla analysen av den, det andra momentet var att definiera stegtider utifrån fotsuletrycksdata. Tredje momentet innefattade att manipulera referensdata på samma sätt som i moment ett och det fjärde var att uttrycka EMG-data i procent av referensdatan.Efter att EMG-data analyserats så jämfördes de olika ortoserna genom att medelvärden från samtliga försökspersoner beräknades i Excel. Resultaten visade att muskelaktiviteten i "Triceps Surae" överlag verkar minska med ökad plantarflexion. Slutsatsen fick delas upp muskel för muskel och har ingen genomgående trend utan slutsatsen blev olika för varje muskel.The aim of this project is to investigate the differences in muscle activity of the lower leg between three types of ankle foot orthoses. The reason behind the project is that there is little knowledge about differences between different types of orthoses. The method used to tackle this task was to write a Matlab script that manipulated and anlyzed all the data required to yield a result for each individual orthoses that then could be used to compare them to each other. This was done in four major steps, the first of which was to manipulate the EMG-data of the chosen file so that it became easier to analyze, the second step was to use the data from a pressure sole to determine when steps started and ended. Thirdly, the reference data was manipulated in the same way as in step one. The fourth and final step was to express the chosen file in percent of the reference data. Finally, Excel was used to compare the different orthoses by calculating mean values from the test subjects data. The results showed that the muscel actvity in "Triceps Surae" seems to decrease with increased plantarflexion.The conclussion had to be divided into one conclussion per muscle, the different conlussions differed for every muscle.
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Larsen, Josefin, and Matilda Strömbäck. "Comparison of orthotic interventions for patients with congenital talipes equinovarus: a systematic review." Thesis, Jönköping University, HHJ. Ortopedteknisk plattform, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53054.
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Aim: The aim with this study is to compare different orthotic solutions for pediatric patients with congenital talipes equnivarus. Method: A search in the databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed and Scopus were made, and studies was included after the predefined criteria. The included studies were reviewed for risk of bias and validity, relevant data was extract and analyzed with regards to the research question. Result: The result was presented on 15 different orthotic interventions in 21 different articles. The reported outcome measures were compliance, recurrence of deformity, Pirani- and Dimeglio score, range of motion and functional outcomes. Conclusion: Based on the results a recommendation cannot be made on what orthosis that gives the best result. Future research should focus on developing and designing an orthosis that satisfies the patient's needs.Syfte: Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka olika ortos-lösningar med dess inkluderade resultat för patienter med kongenital idiopatisk klumpfot. Metod: En systematisk sökning i databaserna MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed and Scopus genomfördes och väsentliga studier inkluderades utefter de förbestämda kriterierna. Inkluderade studiers validitet och möjliga partiskhet bedömdes samt att relevant data utifrån frågeställningen analyserades och besvarades. Resultat: Resultatet presenterade 15 olika typer av ortoser, i 21 olika artiklar. De presenterade utfallsmåtten var inom komplians, återfall av deformationen, Pirani- och Dimeglio poäng, rörelseomfång samt inom funktionellt resultat. Slutsats: Baserat på resultat går det inte att presentera en övervägande slutsats om vilken ortos-lösning som ger bäst resultat. Framtida forskning måste utveckla och framställa ortoser som tillfredsställer och möter patienternas behov.
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Jutman, Magnus, and Carl Lejervik. "Effekter av att använda infrapatellar rem vid patellar tendinopati : En systematisk litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-47602.
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Bakgrund: Patellar tendinopati (PT) är framförallt en vanlig diagnos bland aktiva inom idrotter där hopprörelser ofta förekommer. Diagnosen innebär ofta överbelastning av knäskålsenan, vilket leder till smärta och nedsatt funktionsförmåga. Fysioterapeutisk behandling syftar till att minska smärtan och återställa funktionsförmågan. Infrapatellara remmar (IPR) har använts sedan många år för symptomlindring vid idrottsaktiviteter men det saknas forskning som har sammanställt effekter av användning, vilket föranleder behovet av en systematisk litteraturöversikt. Syftet var att genom en systematisk litteraturstudie beskriva hur IPR används och utvärderas i studier vid PT, rapporterade effekter samt studiekvalitet och preliminär evidensstyrka. Metod: Artikelsökning genomfördes i databaserna PubMed och PEDro. Fem studier analyserades utifrån litteraturstudiens syfte och frågeställningar samt kvalitetsgranskades enligt SBU:s granskningsmallar. Resultat: Av studierna undersökte tre IPR:s effekt på smärtintensitet, två proprioception och två indirekt uppmätt senbelastning. Endast kortsiktiga utfall mättes och när dessa var statistiskt signifikanta var kliniska relevansen ofta oklar. Sammantagen preliminär evidensstyrka bedömdes som måttligt stark. Slutsatser: Studierna visade på varierande effekt av att använda IPR avseende förbättring av proprioception, smärtintensitet och indirekt uppmätt senbelastning. Fler högkvalitativa randomiserade studier behövs och framtida forskning bör undersöka långsiktiga effekter vid användning av IPR.Background: Patellar tendinopathy (PT) is common in jumping athletes. It’s mostly related to excessive loading of the patellar tendon, which leads to pain and decreased functional capacity. Physiotherapy treatment aims to reduce pain and restore functional capacity. Infrapatellar straps (IPS) have been utilized for many years to alleviate symptoms during sports activities but there is a lack of research that has compiled reports on effects of usage, which leads to the need of a systematic review. Objective: To describe use and evaluation of IPS in studies on patients with PT and describe reported effects, study quality and preliminary strength of evidence. Method: The PubMed and PEDro databases were searched for articles. Five studies were analyzed considering the review’s objective. Study quality was assessed according to SBU’s checklists. Results: Among the studies three investigated the effect of IPS on pain intensity, two on proprioception and two on indirectly measured tendon load. Short-term outcomes were investigated and the clinical relevance was often unclear when outcomes were statistically significant. Total preliminary strength of evidence was assessed as moderate. Conclusion: Variable effects are shown from IPS usage regarding pain intensity, proprioception and indirectly measured tendon load. More high-quality randomized trials and investigations of long-term effects are needed.
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Granat, Johanna, and Schøn Tanja Lermark. "Hur påverkar en stel ankel och appliceringen av en flexibel ankel-fot-ortos ankeln under gång? : Dynamisk analys av ankelns kinematik och kinetik hos friska människor." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-43347.
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Sammanfattning Bakgrund: Perifer neuropati och polyneuropati är termer för att beskriva ett tillstånd hos individer där nerverna i det perifera nervsystemet är skadade och den motoriska samt somatosensoriska förmågan är förlorad. Ankelns motoriska kontroll är essentiell för förmågan till gång och för att bibehålla dynamisk stabilitet under gången. Vid behandling av individer med perifer neuropati används ofta en AFO för att förbättra gångförmågan. När kunskapen förbättras om vilka faktorer som påverkar gången samt hur kroppen biomekaniskt påverkas av hjälpmedlet är det till hjälp för att välja den mest fördelaktiga behandlingen. Syftet är att utvärdera hur ankelns kinematik samt kinetik i frontal- (Y) och sagittalplan (X) påverkas vid en situation där rörelse i ankeln tillåts samt vid en situation där rörelse i ankeln inte tillåts. Metod: För att studera ankelns kinematik samt kinetik använde vi oss av två interventioner på våra testpersoner. Vid en av interventionerna utförde testpersonerna en gånganalys med en dynamisk AFO (ToeOFF), där ankeln har utrymme för rörlighet. Vid den andra interventionen låstes testpersonernas ankel med gips med avsikt att tillåta så lite rörelse som möjligt i ankeln. Kinematisk samt kinetiska data samlades in från 5 friska unga vuxna individer, som ombads gå med en dynamisk AFO (ToeOFF) samt med en gipsad ankel i självvald hastighet. Datan samlades in med hjälp av gånganalys samt av programmen Visual 3D och Qualisys Track Manager. Den kinematiska datan kvantifierades av: ankelns vinkel i sagittal- (X) samt frontalplan (Y), och den kinetiska datan kvantifierades av: moment i ankeln både i sagittal- (X) och frontalplan (Y). Resultat: Studien visade en signifikant skillnad i den kinematiska samt den kinetiska datan vid jämförelse mellan de två interventionerna. Ankelns RoM var markant större med ToeOFF ortosen än med gips. Under gips interventionen genererades ett signifikant reducerat yttre plantar flekterande moment. Resultatet är menat att användas som en vägvisare för att optimera behandlingen av patienter med stabilitetsproblem i ankeln. Slutsats: Det finns en skillnad mellan gips-interventionen och ToeOFF-interventionen i ankelns kinematiska samt kinetiska data.
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Thunberg, Vilma, and Anna Jansson. "In vivo muscle morphology comparison between walking with and without ankle-foot orthosis in healthy adults. : A feasibility cross over study." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Jönköping University, HHJ. Ortopedteknisk plattform, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49644.
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Background:People who have survived a stroke often have post-stroke complications. One common complication is muscle weakness in the lower extremities. To treat this, patients can use an ankle-foot orthosis (AFO). The purpose of this study was to investigate muscle morphology in the quadriceps when walking with an AFO. Method:This feasibility cross over study was made on 7 healthy adults. To measure the morphology, an SMG device was used. The device measured muscle area change, EMG -and MMG activation, knee angle and plantar forces. Statistical analyzes was made for all measured data except knee angle. Result:The area of the quadriceps was significantly smaller when walking with the AFO in mid-swing phase than without (p=0,035). A significant reduction in force could also be found under the MTP1 (p=0,016) and under the calcaneus (p=0,042) in toe off (60%). The result did not show any significant differences in initial contact (p=0,617), mid stance (p=0,287), toe off (p=0,527) or terminal swing (p=0,712) for muscle area change of quadriceps, or plantar force at MTP5 in toe off (p=0,704). Conclusion:The results suggest that the subjects needed to work more with the quadriceps muscles when walking with the AFO. More studies are needed to reach clinical relevance.Bakgrund:Personer som har genomgått en stroke lider ofta av diverse komplikationer. En vanlig komplikation är muskelsvaghet i den nedre extremiteten. Ett vanligt hjälpmedel för personer med dessa problem är en ankel-fot-ortos (AFO). Denna studies syfte var att undersöka muskelmorfologi (areaförändringar) i quadriceps muskeln när man går med en AFO jämfört med att gå utan. Metod:Denna förstudie är en korsstudie som utfördes på 7 friska unga vuxna. Ett SMG-system användes på quadriceps för att mäta muskelarean. Enheten mätte muskelarea förändringar, EMG –och MMG aktivering, knävinkel samt plantara krafter. Statistiska analyser genomfördes på all insamlade data förutom knävinkeln. Resultat:Arean för quadriceps var signifikant mindre när deltagarna gick med AFO i mid swing jämfört med utan (p=0,035). En signifikant skillnad visade sig i den plantara kraften under MTP1 (p=0,016) och under hälen (p=0,042) i toe off (60%). Resultatet visade inga signifikanta skillnader i initial contact (p=0,617), mid stance (p=0,287), toe off (p=0,527) eller i terminal swing (p=0,712) för quadriceps, eller plantara krafter på MTP5 under toe off (p=0,704). Slutsats:Resultaten pekar på att deltagarna behöver använda sin quadriceps mer i mid swing när de går med en AFO. Fler studier på området behöver göras för att uppnå klinisk relevans.
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Ritter, Martin. "Ortus." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/51773.
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This thesis entitled Ortus, for chamber ensemble, interactive electronics, and motion tracking, establishes a novel approach to spectral composition. It is scored for flute/alto flute, clarinet/bass clarinet, bassoon, piano, percussion, violin 1, violin 2, viola, cello, and real-time electronics. A conceptual narrative transforms the abstract spectral data into a story telling device through the inherent meaning and semantic implications of the chosen sound files. Ortus relies on the recording and analysis of a heartbeat as its foundation; the heartbeat is used as the musical material for the three tutti movements, with extracted pitch material used to create formal and conceptual cohesion between all of the movements. Additionally, two conceptually different sound file families are integrated, which form the basis for the small ensemble movements and are used for the creation of all pitch, structural, and formal materials.Arts, Faculty of
Music, School of
Graduate
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Silva, Milton Neto da. "Estudo das sínteses de orto-quinona-metídeos e orto-diazo-naftoquinonas." Universidade Federal Fluminense, 2003. http://www.bdtd.ndc.uff.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=214.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorFinanciadora de Estudos e Projetos
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico
Nesta tese foram estudadas várias rotas para obtenção α e o-quinona metídios, e foram obtidas 30 substâncias inéditas. A rota via condensação aldólica com a β-lapachona (4a) produziu as seguintes o-quinonas metídios contendo grupos puxadores de elétrons (ex. carbonilas): 2,2-dimetil-6-(1-metil-2-oxo-propilideno)-2,3,4,6-tetraidro-benzo[h]cromen-5-ona (67); 2,2-dimetil-6-(2-oxo-butilideno)-2,3,4,6-tetraidro-benzo[h]cromen-5-ona (68); 2,2-Dimetil-6-(1-carboxi etil-3-oxo-2-butirideno) 2,3,4,6-tetraidro-benzo [h]cromen-5-ona (69a) e 2,2-Dimetil-6-(1-carboxi etil-3-oxo-4-butirideno) 2,3,4,6-tetraidro-benzo [h]cromen-5-ona (69b). Em continuidade aos estudos foi desenvolvida uma síntese em uma etapa de 1-diazo-1H,2H-naftaleno-2-onas a partir de 1,2-naftoquinonas p-toluenossulfonil hidrazina em metanol a temperatura ambiente. Por este procedimento foram produzidas as seguintes substâncias: 6-diazo-2,2-dimetil-2,3,4,6-tetraidro-benzo [h] cromen-5-ona (70); 5-diazo-3-diidro-2,2-dimetil-4-oxa-2H,3H-nafto[1,2-b]furano (71); 1-diazo-2-oxa-1H,2H-naftaleno (73); 1,2-dicloro-3-Oxo-4-diazo-3,4-diidro-naftaleno (75); 1-metoxi-4-diazo-3-oxa-1H,2H-naftaleno (76); ácido 6-diazo-2,2-dimetil-oxa-2,3,4,6-5-tetraidro-2H-benzo[h]cromeno-3-sulfônico (78); 2,2-dimetil-3-hidroxi-6-diazo-5-oxa-2,3,4,6-tetraidro-2H-benzo[h] cromene-5-ona (80); 4-diazo-3-oxa-1-sulfonato-1H,2H-naftolato de sódio (82). A diazo lapachona 70 foi testada contra o Trypanossoma cruzi obtendo-se um valor de ED50/24 h = 4961,1 864,3 m que quando comparado com o valor de ED50/24 h do cristal violeta, mostrou-se que esta substância é inativa (ED50, cristal violeta/ ED50, de 70 = 0,1). As diazo lapachonas 70 e 71 foram testadas contra vários tipos de bactérias patogênicas e da mesma forma mostraram-se inativas. Os testes de atividades biológicas com 70 e 71 indicaram que a substituição de uma das carbonilas do sistema o-naftoquinonônico por um grupo diazo reduziu as suas capacidade de gerarem espécies reativas de oxigênio no interior dos microorganismos testados.
Several synthetic routes for preparing o-quinone methides were studied. By using an aldolic condensation route with β-lapachone (4a), it was possible to obtain the following o-quinone methides having electron withdrawing group (e.g. carbonyls): 2,2-dimethyl-6-(1-methyl-2-oxo-propylidene)-2,3,4,6-tetrahydro-benzo[H]chromen-5-one (67); 2,2-dimethyl-6-(2-oxo-butylidene)-2,3,4,6-tetrahydro-benzo[H]chromen-5-one (68); 2,2-Dimetil-6-(1-carboxi etil-3-oxo-2-butirideno) 2,3,4,6-tetraidro-benzo [H]cromen-5-ona (69a) e 2,2-Dimetil-6-(1-carboxi etil-3-oxo-4-butirideno) 2,3,4,6-tetraidro-benzo [H]cromen-5-ona (69b).In continuation of these studies, a new regiospecific one-step synthesis of 1-diazo-1H,2H-naphthalen-2-ones, from 1,2-naphthoquinones and p-toluenesulfonylhydrazine in methanol solution at room temperature, was developed. By using this procedures several new substances were prepared: 6-diazo-2,2-dimethyl-2,3,4,6-tetrahydro-benzo[h]chromen-5-one (70); 5-diazo-3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxa-2H,3H-naphthto[1,2-b]furan (71); 1-diazo-2-oxa-1H,2H-naphthalen (73); 1,2-dichloro-3-oxo-4-diazo-3,4-dihydro-naphthalen (75); 1-methoxi-4-diazo-3-oxa-1H,2H-naphthalen (76); 6-diazo-2,2-dimethyl-oxa-2,3,4,6-5-tetrahydro-2H-benzo[h]chromen-3-sulfonic acid (78); 2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxi-6-diazo-5-oxa-2,3,4,6-tetrahydro-2H-benzo[h]chromen-5-one (80); sodium 4-diazo-3-oxa-1-sulfonate-1H,2H-naphtholate (82). The diazo β-lapachone (70) was tested against Trypanossoma cruzi yielding a value of ED50/24 h = 4961,1 864,3 m, which compared with crystal violet (ED50, crystal violet/ ED50, de 70 = 0,1) indicated that 70 is inactive. The diazo β-lapachones 70 and 71 were also tested against several type of phatogenic bacteria, but as before they were inactive.The preliminary biological tests with 70 and 71 indicated that the substitution of one of the carbonyl of the o-naphthoquinone moieties by a diazo group reduced the ability of the o-quinones to generate radical oxygen species (ROS) in side the microorganisms tested.
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Faiss, Christina Wegener Heike. "GartendeSIGN Zeichen des Ortes deuten /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11675454.
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Tian, Jie. "The orthos logos in Aristotle’s ethics." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät I, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17712.
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Der Begriff von Orthos Logos ist zentral für die ethische Lehre Aristoteles’. In der Literatur ist jedoch umstritten, was der Inhalt von OL ist. Das genaue Wesen von OL liegt immer noch im Dunkel. Ziel meiner Dissertation ist es, den Beitrag von OL für Aristoteles’ Ethik zu erforschen. Dabei soll vor allem erläutert werden, was OL ist bzw. was OL leisten kann. Auf dieser Untersuchung basierend versuche ich, eine ausführliche bzw. in sich konsistente Interpretation der wichtigen Bestandteile der Nicomachischen Ethik zu liefern. Ich werde dafür argumentieren, dass OL als der praktische Syllogismus selbst aufzufassen ist, der die moralischen Subjekte darüber informiert, was sie tun sollen bzw. weswegen sie gerade dies und nicht etwas anderes tun sollen. Sofern ein hinsichtlich der Moralität noch lernender Mensch den Syllogismus nicht vollständig begreift, ist es allerdings möglich, dass OL diesem Menschen etwas anderes zu sein scheint.The notion of the orthos logos (abbr. OL) is vital and decisive for Aristotle’s ethical project. The question of what OL really means is a vigorously debated issue. But what the OL exactly is still remains ambiguous and obscure. The purpose of my dissertation is to inquire into the philosophical contribution of the OL in Aristotle’s Ethics. To fulfil this goal, it is essentially to determine what the OL is and what the OL can do. Through this inquiry I seek to present a comprehensive and consistent reading of important parts of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics. I will argue that the OL is the practical syllogism per se, which could tell moral people what should they do and why should they do this or that. But it could also appear to be something else for moral learners, since they are not capable of fully understanding the syllogism yet.
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Westphalen, Graziela Henriques. "Citotoxicidade e genotoxicidade de materiais ortod?nticos." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2009. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/1030.
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Previous issue date: 2009-12-16A avalia??o da biocompatibilidade dos materiais ortod?nticos ? de extrema import?ncia, uma vez que elementos constituintes desses materiais est?o relacionados a efeitos citot?xicos, genot?xicos e carcinog?nicos Este estudo objetivou verificar a citotoxicidade e genotoxicidade de materiais ortod?nticos. A citotoxicidade de materiais ortod?nticos (br?quetes, fios, resinas compostas, soldas de prata e el?sticos) foi testada por meio de duas exposi??es de sobreviv?ncia ao Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. Cerevisiae) de forma direta e indireta (produtos qu?micos liberados pelos materiais em saliva artificial) (Artigo 1). A avalia??o da genotoxicidade foi realizada em grupos de pacientes, empregando-se os testes: Ensaio citoma bucal de micron?cleos para avalia??o de aparelhos ortod?nticos fixos e Hyrax (Artigo 2); Teste de micron?cleos para aparelhos expansores maxilares de Haas e Hyrax (Artigo 3). No artigo 1 foram realizadas compara??es de ocorr?ncia de sobreviv?ncia de S. Cerevisiae em curvas semi-log entre os materiais ortod?nticos e controle. J? nos artigos 2 e 3 foram empregados testes estat?sticos n?o param?tricos diferentes (ES0,05) para compara??es entre grupos de pacientes e controle. Foi observado que a solda de prata foi o ?nico material que apresentou citotoxicidade. Todos os aparelhos testados n?o mostraram genotoxicidade nos grupos de pacientes estudados.
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Middleton, Timothy A. "Active tectonics of the Ordos Plateau, China." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d03e3b5b-6056-4021-bab2-85316d64bd1c.
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This thesis is concerned with the active tectonics of the Ordos Plateau in northern China, an apparently non-deforming portion of continental lithosphere that sits at the northeastern edge of the India-Eurasia collision zone. Numerous, large-magnitude, historical earthquakes have occurred at the margins of the plateau, including some of the deadliest earthquakes in recorded human history. Furthermore, the adjacent North China Plain is one of the most densely populated regions on the planet, meaning that reliable seismic hazard assessments are of paramount importance. We investigate the 1739 Yinchuan earthquake, on the western side of the Ordos Plateau, using 14C dating and a new high-resolution Pleiades DEM of the entire rupture. We find that the event took place on the East Helanshan Fault and had a magnitude in the range Mw 7.1 to Mw 7.6, smaller than previously suggested. We then use IRSL and 10Be dating, along with high-resolution Pleiades DEMs, to determine a right-lateral slip rate on the Luoshan Fault of 4.3±0.4 mm/a and a throw rate on the East Helanshan Fault of < 0.8±0.1 mm/a, indicating that north-south right-lateral shearing is the predominant tectonic motion on the western side of the Ordos Plateau. In the northern Shanxi Grabens, at the northeastern corner of the plateau, we observe good agreement between Quaternary, seismic and geodetic rates of strain, and we find that the region is extending at around 1 to 2 mm/a at an azimuth of approximately 151°. However, there is a notable seismic strain rate deficit since 1750, which could indicate that we are quite late in the earthquake cycle with the potential for large earthquakes in the relatively near future. Finally, we combine our results with information from the literature to propose a kinematic model for the whole Ordos Plateau. We suggest that the plateau behaves as a pinned block, rotating anticlockwise within a large-scale WNW-ESE left-lateral shear zone. The previously enigmatic normal faulting at the margins of the Ordos block can then be explained as wedge-shaped grabens that develop during widening of the overall zone, or en echelon features that accommodate principally right-lateral motion.
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Minzoni, Mirko <1975>. "Stereomutazioni in sistemi arilici orto sostituiti." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/301/.
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Terzoli, Maria Antonietta. "Il libro di Jacopo : scrittura sacra nell'"Ortis /." Roma : Salerno, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35690487z.
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Sanfilippo, Danielle J. "A very British bacchanalia : classical themes in the works of Joe Orton /." Connect to online version, 2009. http://ada.mtholyoke.edu/setr/websrc/pdfs/www/2009/386.pdf.
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Bagg, Ariel M. Bagg Ariel M. "Die Orts- und Gewässernamen der neuassyrischen Zeit /." Wiesbaden : L. Reichert, 2007. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9783895005862.
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Aguilar, Sanchez Abraham Nicolas. "Tratamiento orto quirúrgico de mordida abierta anterior." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/15196.
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La mordida abierta anterior puede ser definida como una maloclusión sin contacto dentario anterior, un overbite negativo, mientras que los dientes posteriores se encuentran en oclusión céntrica. Se presenta un caso clínico de un paciente de 18 años de edad atendido en la clínica de post grado de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos por las especialidades de Ortodoncia y Cirugía Bucal y Maxilofacial con diagnostico de mordida abierta anterior y asimetría facial clase III . El cual después de haber pasado por un periodo de ortodoncia pre-quirúrgica es sometido a cirugía ortognática bimaxilar más mentoplastia. Teniendo como resultado la corrección de la mordida abierta anterior de la asimetría facial clase III obteniendo una línea media dentaria y mentoniana coincidente con la línea media facial, corrección del canteo maxilar, obtención de una relación maxila mandibular clase I, obtención de un perfil recto, relación canina clase I, y estabilidad en el sector posterior con una ATM asintomática y funcionalmente estable y una vía aérea que no se afectó negativamente. Tratamiento que lleva 2 años de seguimiento con los resultados estables.
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Vital, Roberto. "Les?es traumato-ortop?dicas no desporto paraol?mpico." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13339.
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Previous issue date: 2011-06-20O desenvolvimento do esporte paraol?mpico nacional e internacional tem estimulado maior participa??o das pessoas com defici?ncia em praticar atividades desportivas, exigindo dos atletas incrementos na intensidade e freq??ncia nos treinamentos e competi??es, o que impulsiona, ainda mais, os ?ndices de les?es esportivas traumato-ortop?dicas. Objetivamos neste estudo descritivo analisar as les?es traumato-ortop?dicas mais frequentes nos atletas paraol?mpicos, sua localiza??o nos segmentos corporais, correlacionando-as com as modalidades esportivas praticadas pelos integrantes das Sele??es Brasileiras Paraol?mpicas. O presente estudo foi realizado com 82 atletas paraol?mpicos da Sele??o Brasileira de Atletismo, Halterofilismo, Nata??o e T?nis de mesa, de ambos os sexos, com defici?ncias motoras, visual e intelectual, participantes dos Campeonatos Mundiais, no ano de 2002, sendo os mesmos selecionados de forma n?o probabil?stica intencional os quais atenderam os crit?rios de inclus?o e exclus?o estabelecidos para o estudo. Para a avalia??o cl?nica das les?es traumato-ortop?dicas foram utilizados como instrumentos de medida o Prontu?rio do Departamento M?dico do Comit? Paraol?mpico Brasileiro (t?cnica da observa??o atrav?s da hist?ria clinica esportiva do atleta / anamnese e exame f?sico), entrevistas com os atletas e exames complementares das les?es traumato-ortop?dicas quando necess?rias. Os resultados do estudo com os atletas paraol?mpicos revelaram preval?ncia de les?es no atletismo (MMII = 64,9%, coluna = 19,3% e MMSS = 15,8%); halterofilismo (coluna = 54,5%, MMSS = 36,4% e MMII = 9,1%); nata??o (MMSS = 44,4%, coluna = 38,9 e MMII = 16,7%) e t?nis de mesa (MMSS = 56%, coluna36% e MMII = 8%), com predom?nios das les?es m?sculotendineas em todos os esportes pesquisados. Os resultados apresentados nos permitem concluir que em todos os esportes pesquisados os atletas paraol?mpicos apresentaram um predom?nio das les?es m?sculo-tend?neas, tendo como localiza??o no atletismo, les?es nos membros inferiores, no halterofilismo na coluna vertebral e membros superiores, na nata??o e no t?nis de mesa, nos membros superiores e coluna vertebral
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Martin, Jörg. "Orts- und zeitaufgelöste optische Spektroskopie an Silizium-Nanokristallen." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200401815.
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Gegenstand der Dissertation sind Untersuchungen zur Photolumineszenz von Silizium-Nanokristallen. Den Schwerpunkt bilden dabei die Messungen an isolierten Partikeln mittels konfokaler Mikroskopie und optischer Spektroskopie. Von einzelnen Silizium-Partikeln konnten relativ schmale, strukturierte Photolumineszenzbanden detektiert werden, die die Aussagen des Quantum-Confinement-Modells bestätigen. Ein weiteres Merkmal der Photolumineszenz von einzelnen Halbleiter-Nanopartikeln ist das so genannte Blinken. Die Erstellung von Blinkstatistiken unter verschiedenen Anregungsbedingungen ermöglichte es, die zum Blinken führenden photophysikalischen Prozesse genauer zu charakterisieren. Es wird unter anderem gezeigt, dass das reversible Bleichen der Lumineszenz von Silizium-Nanokristall-Ensemblen und porösem Silizium auf ein instationäres Blinkverhalten zurückzuführen ist. Abschließend werden Bezüge zu den astrophysikalischen Beobachtungen von der Extended Red Emission hergestellt und verschiedene Tunnel- und Random-Walk-Modelle zur Beschreibung der photophysikalischen Prozesse diskutiert.
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Zinzani, Michele. "Electric drives for ORTO - Orchard Rapid Transit Operation." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
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This thesis is focused on a novel agricultural technique for orchard cultivations that allows to perform automatic and fossil fuel free cultivation operations. More specifically, the aim of this thesis work is to study and implement the electric traction system and control the vehicle that performs the automatic operations.
Starting from the analysis of each single component of the traction system, the control of the mobile platform will be then performed.
After a first control of the mobile platform in no load conditions, the implementation of the dynamic model will be performed in the Simulink environment. Different simulations representing typical operational missions will be performed to have a real idea concerning the behaviour of the traction system and the energy consumption of this solution.
Finally, the obtained results will be analysed for the future implementation of the mobile platform on the field.
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Martin, Jörg. "Orts- und zeitaufgelöste optische Spektroskopie an Silizium-Nanokristallen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://archiv.tu-chemnitz.de/pub/2004/0181.
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Janzen, Gabriele. "Organisation räumlichen Wissens : Untersuchungen zur Orts- und Richtungsrepräsentation /." Wiesbaden : Dt. Univ.-Verl, 2000. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/320342085.pdf.
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Schwanengel, Anna. "Orts-, zeit- und kostenbasiertes Ressourcenmanagement im Cloud Computing." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-165537.
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Cloud Computing bietet dem Nutzer die Möglichkeit, virtualisierte Applikationen, Plattformen und sogar Hardware wie Dienste zu nutzen. Der bereitstellende Provider kann die nötige Dienstkapazität in der Cloud elastisch an den aktuellen Bedarf anpassen. Durch die beliebige Ressourcenzuschaltung erwächst jedoch eine erhebliche ökologische und ökonomische Verantwortung. Zudem wird meist teuer überprovisioniert, um im Falle von Lastspitzen das Ablehnen von Anfragen zu vermeiden.
Bis heute bietet noch kein Anbieter eine voll automatisierte Lösung zum optimalen Ressourcenmanagement an. Zur Gewährleistung der Skalierbarkeit eines Cloud-basierten Systems bestehen lediglich regelbasierte Mechanismen. Der Nutzer muss die Logik manuell einstellen, um die benötigte Anzahl an Maschinen und ihre Lokalität festzulegen. So sind viele Fragen zu der Ressourcenverwaltung und den entstehenden Kosten für den Cloud-Anwender ungelöst.
In dieser Arbeit wird ein Protokoll entwickelt, das eine verbesserte Reihenfolge der Anfragenbearbeitung festlegt und die nötige Ressourcenmenge bestimmt. Die Ressourcenzuteilung basiert zum einen auf der Bedarfsreservierung durch die Ressourcen. Zum anderen kann das Nutzungsverhalten durch den Dienst beeinflusst werden. Die Simulationsergebnisse zeigen so stark reduzierte Antwortzeiten und Verwurfsraten.
Im Cloud-Umfeld ist die effiziente Bearbeitung der Anfragen allerdings häufig aufgrund von Abhängigkeiten zwischen den dienstbetreibenden Maschinen beeinträchtigt. Deshalb wird das Protokoll um einen Selbstkalibrierungsmechanismus und ein Ressourcenregelverfahren erweitert. Mit der Abbildung der Abhängigkeiten auf einen Graphen ist das Gesamtsystem skalierbar, ohne die Auslastung aller Ressourcen einzeln kontrollieren zu müssen.
Vom menschlichen Benutzer kann man jedoch keine Vorabreservierung bezüglich des Zeitpunkts seiner Dienstnutzung fordern - so wie das von Maschinen problemlos möglich ist. Für diesen Fall ermöglicht die vorliegende Arbeit deshalb die Extrapolation der Nutzerdaten aus Aufzeichnungen sozialer Netzwerke. Ohne Belastung der Anwender wird die Identifikation des Ressourcenbedarfs an einem bestimmten Ort realisiert.
Für eine solche Systemadaption führt der in dieser Arbeit entworfene Algorithmus eine ortsspezifische Vorhersagende der nötigen Ressourcenanzahl durch. Diese Informationen dienen als Input für das entwickelte Protokoll und bieten so eine wohlproportionierte Provisionierung.
Die bei Skalierungen entstehenden Kosten sind meist schwer abzuschätzen. Aus diesem Grund werden im Verlauf dieser Arbeit Kostenfunktionen für den Nutzer und den Anbieter erstellt. Sie machen das optimale Mittel zwischen geringeren Kosten bei niedriger Ressourcenmenge und höherer Nutzerzufriedenheit bei großzügiger Kapazitätsabdeckung berechenbar.
Eine prototypische Umsetzung einschließlich verschiedener Simulationen zeigt, dass die entwickelten Ansätze ein deutlich verbessertes automatisiertes Ressourcenmanagement umsetzen.Cloud computing offers the possibility to use virtual applications, platforms and even hardware as a service. The cloud provider can elastically adapt resource capacity to the users' demand. However, from any desired resource provisioning also an enormous ecological and economical responsibility accrues. Besides, often costly overprovisioning is conducted in order to avoid request drops on load peaks. Until today, instance allocation is not yet fully automated by vendors. Only rule-based mechanisms exist to react on load changes. The user needs to manually implement logics for defining the amount of resources, as well as the instance location. Hence, many questions about resource management and emerging costs remain. In this work, a protocol is developed, which defines an optimal schedule for all clients and needed resources. The resource management is based on the demand reservation by the user. On the other hand the client usage can be delayed by the cloud service. The simulation shows good results regarding response times and drop rates. Efficient scheduling in cloud systems, however, is often restricted by dependencies among the claimed resources. For that reason, the protocol was extended by a self-calibration- and a resource-regulation-method. With an appropriate mapping, it is possible to scale the whole system based on the dependency model without observing each instance utilization. Human users can - contrary to machines - not be forced to determine their service usage in advance. By extrapolating records of the social Web, resource demands can be procured without burden the user. With this data, increasing load on popular services at a specific location can be deducted and resources can be scaled accordingly. For system adaptation, the algorithm presented in this work enables location-based determination of required resource amounts. This serves as input for the developed protocol, while offering well-proportioned provisioning. On scaling, generally emerging costs are difficult to estimate. For that reason cost functions for users and providers are developed. This enables the finding of an optimized trade-off between low emerging costs and a high user satisfaction. Proven by prototypical implementation and simulations, all developed approaches enable an optimized and automated resource management.
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Wasmuth, Uwe. "Orts- und zeitabhängige Analyse von Eigenspannungen in Verbundguss." München Hieronymus, 2009. http://d-nb.info/994987331/04.
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Arnet, Martin. "Die Orts- und Flurnamen der Stadt St. Gallen /." St. Gall : St. Galler Namenbuch, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb355634914.
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Gonçalves, Camila dos Santos. "Redução eletroquímica de cinamatos de metila orto-substituídos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46135/tde-03102006-205141/.
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Neste trabalho são descritas a síntese e a redução eletroquímica em DMF de alguns cinamatos de metila substituídos no anel aromático. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a influência de vários substituintes sobre o curso da reação de eletro-hidrodimerização (EHD). Os substratos utilizados foram os o-metil- (1), o-cloro- (2), o-nitro- (3), m,p-dicloro- (4), m-cloro- (5) e p-cloro- (6), m-nitro- (7), o-metoxicarbonil- (8) cinamatos de metila. As técnicas empregadas foram a voltametria cíclica (verificação dos potenciais de redução) e eletrólises preparativas a potencial controlado. Quando o substrato 1 foi eletrolisado, uma mistura de dois estereoisômeros do 4,5-bis-(o-metilfenil)-2-oxo-ciclopentanocarboxila-to de metila, ainda não descritos na literatura, foi obtida, um resultado diferente das EHD de cinamatos descritas que conduzem a um único estereoisômero com elevada diastereosseletividade. O o-clorocinamato de metila (2) investigado em dois potenciais diferentes, sofreu uma desalogenação e forneceu o cinamato de metila (-1,25 V vs. Ag/AgI) e este foi transformado em seu hidrodímero cíclico em 1,45 V vs. Ag/AgI. Nos substratos 4 e 6 ocorreu uma competição entre a desalogenação e a dimerização enquanto que no caso de 5 somente foi observada a EHD. Foi sugerido um mecanismo para a desalogenação. Após eletrólises em vários potenciais, os nitroderivados 3 e 7 conduziram a misturas dos reagentes de partida e os ácidos carboxílicos correspondentes, mas não foram observados produtos de EHD. As eletrólises do o-metoxicinamato de metila (8) não forneceram o dímero esperado na redução de cinamatos, mas compostos policíclicos inéditos cuja formação pode ser convenientemente explicada por meio de ciclizações de Dieckmann que envolvem o grupo metoxicarbonílico do anel aromático.The synthesis and electrochemical reduction in DMF of some ring substituted cinnamic esters are described. The main objective if this work is to verify the influence of the substituents on the electrohydrodimerization (EHD). The substrates studied were the methyl esters of o-methyl- (1), o-chloro- (2), o-nitro- (3), m,p-dichloro- (4), m-chloro- (5), p-chloro- (6), m-nitro- (7) and o-methoxycarbonyl- (8) cinnamic acids. Their electrochemistry was investigated employing cyclic voltammetry (determination of the reduction potentials) and preparative electrolysis at controlled potential. When substrate 1 was electrolyzed, a mixture of two stereoisomers of methyl 4,5-bis-(o-methylphenyl)-2-oxo-cyclopentane-carboxylate, not yet described in literature, was obtained, a result which differs from the usual EHD of cinnamates, which lead to only one stereoisomer with high diastereoselectivity. Methyl o-chlorocinnamate (2) electrolysed at 1,25 V vs Ag/AgI was dehalogenated and afforded methyl cinnamate. When the electrolysis was performed at 1,45 V, the main product was the cyclic expected hydrodimer of methyl cinnamate. In the case of substrates 4 and 6 a competition of dehalogenation and cimerization was observed whereas for 5 only the EHD occurred. A mechanism for the dehalogenation is suggested. Several electrolysis at different potentials, of the nitro-derivatives 3 and 7 yielded mixtures of starting material and the corresponding carboxylic acids. In this no EHD products were observed. The electrochemical reduction of methyl o methoxycarbonyl-cinnamate (8) did not lead to the expected EHD dimer, but new polycyclic compounds were isolated. Their formation is conventiently explained by Dieckmann cyclization which involve the methoxycarbonyl group of the aromatic ring.
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Xie, Xiangyang. "Sedimentary record of Mesozoic intracontinental deformation in the south Ordos Basin, China." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1483471401&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Abrahamson, Michael. "Browsing for Utopia." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1230663236.
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Bents, Mary Heather. "Identification of asbestos minerals in building materials of Orton Library /." Connect to resource, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/31771.
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Xu, Difei S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "The ghost city of China : a revitalization strategy for Ordos." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99305.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Title as it appears in MIT Commencement Exercises program, June 5, 2015: Ghost cities in China : a revitalization strategy for Ordos.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 192-195).
Lots of reports about "Ghost Cities" in China have been seen these years, with pictures of thousands of empty high-rise residential buildings and meanwhile acres of vacant land. To maintain high economic growth, the buildings without buyers are made possible by government driven loans. These cities were entirely driven by the GDP-focused government, and were planned with buildings, infrastructures, parks, jobs-a capital utopia, described by New York Times as the cities with everything, but people. As an extreme version of Ghost Cities, Ordos, a city in Inner Mongolia, was once a village on desert with only two thousand people. Thanks to the discovery of huge coal and oil deposits, the city generated immense amounts of wealth and spent billions of dollars on urbanization. However, the fantasy did not stand long when the coal industry collapsed ten years later due to the price downturn.The new town was planned to build capacity for one million residents. Right now, it is at around 500,000, with only 100,000 residents. What we witness now are enormous aborted developments and abandoned structures. By understanding the economic and social mechanism of Ghost Cities, the thesis seeks industrial and infrastructure reforms as opportunities to revise the flawed initial planning of Ordos. Electricity, the major outcome of Ordos' single advantage-coal reserves, could be the leverage for sustainable and interconnected industries which will eventually stimulate economic recovery. Ordos would utilize the opportunities to insert new infrastructures and to reprogram and reuse the excessive and abandoned structures, which would be the framework for new urban pattern. Such new urban pattern and resulted public realm would create an urban and humane built environment. The thesis integrates the relationships between economy, policy, industry, infrastructure, and urban form, and ultimately tries to explore a new model of urbanism and a reversal of planning principles of contemporary China.
by Difei Xu.
S.M.
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Dittli, Beat. "Orts-und Flurnamen im Kanton Zug : Typologie, Chronologie, Siedlungsgeschichte /." Altdorf : Zug : Gamma Druck & Verlag ; Bücher-Balmer, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35599900f.
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Júnior, Antonio Tadeu Ayres. "As visões no Orto do Esposo: construção e interpretação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8150/tde-07062017-124549/.
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Esta dissertação propõe-se a estudar os exempla de visões proféticas no Orto do Esposo, obra anônima portuguesa do século XIV. Para isso, articulamos a doutrina retórica clássica do exemplum (sobretudo a aristotélica, mas também a da Retórica a Herênio), à teoria teológica da visio (particularmente a de matriz agostiniana). Procuramos mostrar como as muitas características peculiares das visões, tomadas como matéria de elaboração narrativa, servem às finalidades doutrinárias do exemplum, dogmáticas e morais igualmente. Inicialmente, estudamos as visões proféticas em seu aspecto figurativo, entendendo que as imagens contempladas pelos visionários em suas visões, sobretudo nos sonhos e nos êxtases, podem ser encaradas como verdadeiros exempla divinos, na medida em que sua interpretação, objeto de revelação sobrenatural, é comparável à enunciação abstrata do pensamento que um exemplum propriamente dito procura iluminar. Depois, voltando-nos para as demais características tópicas da visão, mostramos como elas contribuem para a produção do sentido nas narrativas em que aparecem, e relacionamo-las, sempre que possível, ao contexto doutrinário pertinente.This dissertation seeks to study the exempla containing prophetic visions in the Orto do Esposo, a portuguese anonymous literary work from the 14th centrury. To this end, we use in combination the classical rhetorical doctrine of the exemplum (mostly that of Aristotle, but also the Rhetorica ad Herennium) and the theological theory of the visio (particularly the Augustinian tradition). We intend to demonstrate how the many peculiar features of the visions, considered as material of literary elaboration, become useful to the doctrinary purpose of the exempla, concerning dogmatics and morals as well. Firstly we study the figurative character of prophetic visions, admitting that images seen by the visionaries in their visions, mostly in dreams and extasies, can be truly considered divine exempla, since their interpretation, the object of supernatural revelation, is analogous to the abstract formulation of a thought wich the exemplum proper seeks to illustrate. Secondly, we turn to the other topical features of the vision, and show how they contribute to the construction of meaning in the stories in wich they appear, relating them, whenever possible, to the relevant doctrinary context.
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Zhen, Jinzhu. "Exploring the Impact of Eco-migration Project, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, CHina." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-208917.
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To reverse the emergency environmental degradation of Ordos, Inner Mongolia, China, the localgovernment enforced a new developing project – Eco-migration, which aims at bothenvironmental restoration and poverty alleviation. Within ten years’ time, more than 400,000 ruralresidents were relocated. Through professional training and labor transportation, the financialcondition was largely improved. The annual income of these eco-migrants was highly raised from0.2 USD a day in 2000 to 3.51 USD a day in 2010. From the environmental perspective, morethan 70 percent of the sandy wasteland was restored. The vegetable coverage jumped up to 75percent, comparing to 30 percent in 2000. Through field study, the feedbacks from theseeco-migrants were collected. Eco-migrants were highly satisfied with the economic andenvironmental improvement. However, there are lots of improvements can be done. In one word,that’s the way the government trying to achieve the goal of sustainable development, whichproviding valuable experience for future.
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Tremmel, Frank. ""Menschheitswissenschaft" als Erfahrung des Ortes : Erich Rothacker und die deutsche Kulturanthropologie /." München : Utz, 2009. http://d-nb.info/992869307/04.
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Tremmel, Frank. ""Menschheitswissenschaft" als Erfahrung des Ortes Erich Rothacker und die deutsche Kulturanthropologie." München Utz, 2008. http://d-nb.info/992869307/04.
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Andrade, Emilene Maria de. "Análise conformacional e estudo das interações eletrônicas em alfa-etilsulfonilacetofenonas-orto-substituídas e o estudo do rearranjo oxidativo de alfa-etiltioacetofenonas-orto-substituídas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46135/tde-06112006-090507/.
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A presente dissertação relata o estudo conformacional das α-etilsulfonilacetofenonas-orto-substituídas o-X-Φ-C(O)CH2SO2Et (X = OMe 1, Me 2, F 3, Cl 4, Br 5 e NO2 6) através do estudo da banda da carbonila no IV em solventes de polaridade crescente, apoiado por cálculos ab initio HF/6-31G**. A comparação entre a freqüência e a intensidade dos componentes do dubleto em tetracloreto de carbono com os dados correspondentes dos cálculos indicaram que o componente de mais alta freqüência corresponde ao confôrmero quasi-cis (anti) para 1 e 3 e quasi-gauche (sin) para 2. Já, nos derivados 4 e 5, o referido componente corresponde aos confôrmeros gauche2 (sin) e no nitro-derivado 6 relaciona-se com o confôrmero gauche2 (conc. 17%). O componente de baixa freqüência do dubleto está relacionado com a conformação mais estável gauche, i.e. gauche(anti) para 1 e 3. e gauche (sin) para 2. Nos derivados 4 e 5 o referido componente refere-se aos confôrmeros gauche1 (anti) e no nitro-derivado 6 corresponde ao confôrmero gauche1 (conc. 83%). Estes dados são discutidos em termos de interações orbitalares (transferência de carga) e eletrostáticas entre pares de átomos com carga oposta e as variações das propriedades eletrônicas e estéricas de cada substituinte em orto. Genericamente, as interações que agem em maior ou menor extensão nas duas conformações mais estáveis da série são: Oδ-SO2...Cδ+CO, Oδ-CO...Sδ+SO2, Xδ-...Cδ+CO, Xδ-...Hδ+CH2, Oδ- CO...Hδ+Ph, Oδ-CO...H\'δ+ Et. Já, os contatos curtos entre Oδ-SO2...Oδ-CO, para os derivados, 1-3 e 6 e entre Oδ-CO...Xδ-,para os derivados 4 e 5, que ocorrem no confôrmero de mais alta freqüência são responsáveis pela desestabilização desta conformação em relação à do confôrmero mais estável de menor freqüência, decorrente do forte Efeito de Campo Repulsivo que ocorre entre átomos de mesma carga cujas distâncias interatômicas são próximas da soma dos raios de van der Waals. Na segunda parte do trabalho efetuou-se um estudo do rearranjo oxidativo de Baeyer-Villiger de α-etiltioacetofenonas-orto-substituídas com os substituintes OMe, F, Me e Cl, através das reações de oxidação desses compostos pelos ácidos peracético e perselenioso. A caracterização dos produtos obtidos nas reações de oxidação foram efetuadas por intermédio de IV e RMN de 1H. No caso das reações de oxidação dos ceto-sulfetos, ceto-sulfóxidos e ceto-sulfonas com dióxido de selênio, houve a ocorrência do rearranjo, ou seja, formação de éster-sulfona, quando o substituinte em orto é o grupo metoxila. Já, com os substituintes o-F, o-Cl e o-Me formam-se somente as ceto-sulfonas correspondentes. No caso da oxidação tanto dos ceto-sulfetos como dos ceto-sulfóxidos com ácido peracético obtêm-se proporções relativas muito próximas para o mesmo substituinte em orto. Adicionalmente, constata-se uma diminuição progressiva da proporção de éster-sulfona/ceto-sulfona de 0,5:0,5 para X = OMe, de 0,3:0,7 para X = F, de 0,18:0,82 para X = Cl e de 0,13:0,87 para X = Me. Este comportamento foi atribuído a uma estabilização decrescente do carbocátion incipiente que se forma no estado de transição da reação de Baeyer-Villiger, uma vez que o efeito mesomérico (σR) do substituinte em orto diminui progressivamente indo-se de OMe (-0,42) a F (-0,31) a Cl (-0,18) e a Me (-0,13). Já, no caso da oxidação das ceto-sulfonas, constata-se a formação do éster-sulfona/ceto-sulfona na proporção 0,40:0,60, somente no caso do orto-metóxi derivado. Este estudo comparativo indicou que o ceto-sulfeto é rapidamente oxidado a ceto-sulfóxido que em seguida sofre o rearranjo oxidativo de Baeyer-Villiger, através de um intermediário cíclico, fornecendo o éster-sulfóxido que em seguida é oxidado a éster-sulfona. No caso da α-etilsulfonil-orto-metoxiacetofenona (ceto-sulfona) onde constatou-se a ocorrência do rearranjo oxidativo a partir tanto do ácido peracético como do perselenioso, um intermediário cíclico análogo foi proposto para justificar o referido rearranjo.The first part of this thesis reports the conformational study of some -ortho-substituted α-ethylsulfonylacetophenones o-X-PhC(O)CH2SO2Et (X= OMe 1, Me 2, F 3, Cl 4, Br 5 e NO2 6) through the analysis of the carbonyl stretching IR band in solvents of increasing polarity supported by HF/6-31G** ab initio computations. The good match between IR frequencies and intensities of the carbonyl doublet components in carbon tetrachloride and the results of the calculations indicated that the higher frequency component corresponds to the quasi-cis (anti) conformer for derivatives 1 and 3 (conc. 40%) and to the quasi-gauche (syn) conformer for derivative 2 (conc. 30%). For the halogenated derivatives 4 and 5 and for the nitro-derivative 6 the referred component is related to the gauche2 (syn) conformer (conc. 0-20%) and to the gauche2 conformer (conc. 17%), respectively. The lower doublet frequency component is in general related to the most stable gauche conformation., i.e. gauche(anti) for 1 and 3 (conc. 60%) and gauche(syn) (conc. 70%) conformers for 2. For the halogenated derivatives 4 and 5 and the nitro-derivative 6 the referred component is related to the gauche (anti) conformer (conc. 100-80%) and to the gauche1 conformer (conc. 83%), respectively. These trends are discussed in terms of orbital (charge transfer) and electrostatic interactions between pairs of oppositely charged atoms and their variation with the electronic and steric properties of each X substituent throughout the series 1-6.The main interactions which act stabilizing both conformations are: Oδ- SO2...Cδ+CO, Oδ-CO...Sδ+SO2, Xδ-...Cδ+CO, Xδ-...Hδ+CH2, Oδ-CO...Hδ+Ph, Oδ-CO...H\'δ+ Et .However the short contacts between the Oδ-SO2...Oδ-CO and Oδ-CO...Xδ atoms for derivatives 1-6 and 4, 5, respectively, whose interatomic distances are close to the sum of their van der Waals radii are responsible for the strong Repulsive Field Effect which occur in the higher frequency conformer leading to its destabilization relative to the more stable lower frequency conformer. The second part of this thesis deals with the mechanistic and synthetic study of the Baeyer-Villiger oxidative rearrangement of some ortho-substituted α-ethylthioacetophenones bearing at the ortho- position the OMe, F, Cl e Me substituents. These reactions were performed with the peracetic and perselenious acids. The obtained products were analysed through IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The oxidative rearrangement reactions involving the keto-sulfides, keto-sulfoxides and keto-sulfones with perselenious acid gave the ortho-substituted α-ethylsulfonyl-phenylacetate (ester-sulfone) when the o-substituent is the methoxy-group only. However in the case of the o-F, o-Cl and o-Me the keto-sulfones were the unique products obtained without the formation of any rearranged ester-sulfone. As for the oxidation with peracetic acid of both keto-sulfides and keto-sulfoxides, bearing at the ortho-position the same substituents, the obtained ester-sulfone/keto-sulfone proportions are very close between them. In fact the obtained ratio decreases progressively on going from X = OMe (0.5:0.5) to X = F (0.18:0.82), to X = Cl (0.13:0.87) and to X = Me (0.3:0.7). This trend has been ascribed to a progressive decreasing stabilization of the incipient carbocation formed in the transition state of the Baeyer-Villiger reaction once the mesomeric effect (σR) of the ortho-substituent decreases progressively on going from MeO (-0.42) to F (-0.31) to Cl (-0.18) and to Me (-0.13). In the case of oxidation of the keto-sulfones with peracetic acid the unique ester-sulfone obtained was the o-methoxy derivative whose ester-sulfone/keto-sulfone ratio is 0.4/0.6. In fact in the case of the keto-sulfones bearing F, Me and Cl substituents no oxidative rearrangement products have been detected. This comparative study indicated that the keto-sulfide is promptly oxidized to the keto-sulfoxide which undergoes a Baeyer-Villiger rearrangement, through a cyclic intermediate, giving the ester-sulfoxide, which is further oxidized to an ester-sulfone. For the ortho-methoxy α-ethylsulfonylacetophenone (keto-sulfone) which was the only keto-sulfone where the oxidative rearrangement with both the peracetic and perselenious acids took place, a similar cyclic intermediate has been suggested in order to explain the referred rearrangement.
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Grundius, Josefine. "Effekten på en orts varumärke vid uppköp av en turistanläggning." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-260575.
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Uppsatsen studerar hur en orts varumärkesidentitet förändras då en ny aktör med syfte att locka turister etablerar sig på orten. Den utvalda orten är Trysil där SkiStar köpte skidanläggningen på orten år 2005 och har sedan dess varit ansvarig för vintersäsongen. Destinasjon Trysil, ett destinationssällskap som koordinerar all marknadsföring av Trysil, är ansvarig för marknadsföringen av sommarhalvåret. Varumärkesidentiteten hos Trysil innan uppköpet år 2005 har jämförts med varumärkesidentiteten efter uppköpet och det framgick att det inte har blivit någon nämnvärd förändring. Anledningen till detta har undersökts med hjälp av Smiths (2004) sex kriterier för varumärkesmatchning tillsammans med faktorn kultur, tillsammans omnämnda som förändringsfaktorer. Slutsatsen som dras är att varumärkesidentiteten är densamma då förändringsfaktorerna stämmer väl överrens mellan de båda företagen.
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Schwanengel, Anna [Verfasser]. "Orts-, zeit- und kostenbasiertes Ressourcenmanagement im Cloud Computing / Anna Schwanengel." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1051549655/34.
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Just, Sarah [Verfasser]. "Optimierung der Gleichförmigkeit des Wirkstoffüberzuges von OROS-Tabletten / Sarah Just." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1050331990/34.
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Larson, Lesli Anne. ""Scraps, orts and fragments" : Polyscopia in cinematic and literary modernism /." view abstract or download file of text, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9963448.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2000.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 296-301). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users. Address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9963448.
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Shih, Chun-Yi. "'The theatre of disturbance' : black comedies by Joe Orton & Peter Barnes." Thesis, University of Reading, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408326.
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Tian, Jie Verfasser], Thomas [Gutachter] Schmidt, and Klaus [Gutachter] [Corcilius. "The orthos logos in Aristotle’s ethics / Jie Tian ; Gutachter: Thomas Schmidt, Klaus Corcilius." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät I, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1127108972/34.
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Tian, Jie [Verfasser], Thomas Gutachter] Schmidt, and Klaus [Gutachter] [Corcilius. "The orthos logos in Aristotle’s ethics / Jie Tian ; Gutachter: Thomas Schmidt, Klaus Corcilius." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät I, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1127108972/34.
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Kessel, Benjamin J. "Lower Paleozoic Sequence Stratigraphy, Deposystems and Paleogeography of Northwestern Ordos Basin, North China." DigitalCommons@USU, 2006. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6743.
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The Ordos basin rests upon the North China Block and is one of the largest sedimentary basins in north China, with more than 15 km of Phanerozoic strata. Published estimates suggest that over 2000 m of carbonates and lesser amounts of siliciclastics were deposited on the North China Carbonate Platform (NCCP) from the Lower Can1brian through the Middle Ordovician. However, lower Paleozoic facies successions and deposystems of northwestern Ordos basin remain poorly represented in western literature. This paper constrains depositional environments, lithologies, facies relationships and sea-level history of the northwestern part of the North China block (NCB) in an effort to further document the Early Paleozoic geologic history of western Ordos basin. New stratigraphic data come largely from measured sections in the Zhuozi Shan and Helan Shan in northwest Ordos basin. Strata in the mountains of northwestern Ordos are divided into eleven lithofacies assemblages, distinguished by lithology, stacking patterns and sedimentary structures. Lithofacies assemblages in northwest Ordos are grouped into four lithostratigraphic units that make up the composite type section. Unit A is dominantly composed of shale and mudrock lithofacies, Unit B is dominantly composed of thin-bedded lime mudstone and banded and bioturbated lime mudstone to wackestone, Unit C is dominantly composed of quartz sandstone and dolostone and Unit D is dominantly composed of fossiliferous packstone. These four units were observed in all lower Paleozoic sections of the Helan Shan and Zhuozi Shan. Deposition of Middle Cambrian through lowermost Lower Ordovician strata in northwest Ordos basin occurred on a storm-influenced, mixed siliciclastic and carbonate, shallow-water ramp. Lateral trends in quartz sandstone, paleokarsts, thrombolites and section thickness suggest that accommodation space increased to the south. The depositional architecture changed in the Middle Ordovician to a carbonate shelf environment. The sea-level history of northwestern Ordos shows transgression through the Late Can1brian, regression in the Early Ordovician, followed by a Middle Ordovician transgression, corresponding with North American sea level signatures. Lower Paleozoic sections in northwestern Ordos basin are broadly similar to those previously described in western literature. However, based upon stratigraphic data, shoreline trends of the NCCP model are proved inapplicable to northwestern Ordos. There is no evidence for lower Paleozoic tectonics such as aulacogen-controlled subsidence and platform tilting as described by previous workers. The sea-level history interpreted for northwest Ordos basin is more similar to North American curves than to the North China Carbonate Platform model, suggesting a eustatic control on lithofacies stacking patterns in northwest Ordos basin.
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Findeiss, Rudolf. "Ein orts- und zeitadaptives Finite-Element-Verfahren zur Traglastanalyse wassergesättigter Böden." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=961363932.
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Rezende, Daisy de Brito. "Fotólise de brometos de orto-xilila: um estudo em solventes apolares." Universidade de São Paulo, 1994. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46135/tde-30092008-084720/.
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O presente trabalho tem por objetivo o estudo da fotólise de uma série de brometos de benzila orto-substituídos em solventes apoIares, visando contribuir para a elucidação, tanto dos mecanismos operativos após a homólise de ligações carbono., halogênio em sistemas benzílicos, como das espécies intermediárias envolvidas no processo. Assim sendo, irradiaram-se soluções benzênicas dos compostos α-bromo-o-xileno (MBX), α, α-dibromo-o-xileno (GBX), α, α-dibromo-o-xileno (DBX), α, α α\'tribromo-o-xileno (TRBX) e α, α α, α-tetrabromo-o-xileno (TBX) e soluções de MBX e DBX em iso-octano, utilizando-se uma lâmpada de vapor de mercúrio de baixa pressão ( λemissão=254nm). Os produtos foram analisados e identificados por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas e confirmados por co-injeção de amostras autênticas, sintetizadas por via térmica. Os rendimentos quânticos dos produtos foram calculados, utilizando-se o leucocianeto de verde-malaquita como actinômetro. A análise dos produtos revelou que a homólise da ligação C-Br é seguida de uma série de reações de abstração de hidrogênio e recombinação de radicais resultando sempre em xilenos menos e mais bromados que o xileno de partida. Benzaldeídos, resultantes da hidrólise dos dibrometos geminais, também são formados, devido à presença de traços de água. Quando o solvente é iso-octano, o produto menos bromado aparece com maior rendimento quântico relativo, devido à abstração de hidrogênio do solvente pelo fotoproduto primário, um radical benzila; além disso, observa-se a formação de um novo produto: o 2-bromo-2,4,4-trimetil-pentano. Os rendimentos quânticos de desaparecimento de substrato observados na fotólise de soluções benzênicas de MBX (0,33) e DBX (0,52) foram superiores àqueles encontrados ao se utilizar iso-octano como solvente: 0,22 e 0,32, respectivamente. Isto sugere que o benzeno excitado esteja intermediando o processo (i.e., agindo como sensibilizador), transferindo energia de excitação para o brometo de benzila. Um intermediário bi-radicalar do tipo orto-quinodimetano (o-xilileno) era esperado em caso de: (i) fotólise do radical benzila formado (processo bifotônico) ou (ii) abstração de hidrogênio intramolecular. Entretanto, não se observaram produtos derivados de adição de Diels-Alder, quando ciclo-hexeno foi adicionado ao sistema. Também não se observou formação perceptível de brometo de hidrogênio, em nenhum dos sistemas investigados. Foram feitos, também, estudos de fotólise por pulso de laser, em iso-octano, para os compostos MBX, DBX, GBX e TBX utilizando-se o 4º harmônico de um laser de Nd:YAG (λ =266nm). As soluções de trabalho foram desaeradas por, pelo menos, três ciclos de congelamento-degaseamento-descongelamento até 10-5mmHg. A cinética de decaimento das absorções observadas foi analisada como sendo devida a duas espécies, isto é, os resultados são compatíveis com um decaimento duplo-exponencial, cujos tempos de vida seriam da ordem de µs e ms, para as espécies de tempos de vida curto e longo, respectivamente. Além disso, as distribuições espectrais observadas a 0,1 e 10µs mostraram-se diferentes, indicando a presença de dois transientes. A análise da cinética de decaimento das absorções transientes de MBX e DBX, além das distribuições espectrais obtidas para as transições Dn←Do (λ.=320nrn e 338nm, respectivamente) mostram que, na fotólise destes dois compostos, forma-se, inicialmente, um radical, de tempo de vida da ordem de microssegundos, por cisão homolítica da ligação C-Br: o-metil-benzila, no caso de MBX e o-(bromo-metil)benzila para DBX. Além destas espécies, formam-se cátions (detectáveis para todos os compostos estudados) que apresentam uma banda de absorção larga e desestruturada (de 330 a 360nrn;λ .max = 347nrn) e com tempo de vida da ordem de milissegundos nas condições de trabalho, a partir de um radical excitado, pela perda de um segundo elétron (Tokumura et a/ii 1989; 1991). Resultados análogos foram obtidos para a fotólise de DBX e TBX, em solução benzênica, empregando-se um laser de exímero de XeCI (308nrn), tendo sido nestes experimentos que se detectou o radical gerado de TBX, o qual não é observável em iso-octano. Em benzeno observou-se, também, a formação do complexo Br./benzeno (λ..max = 550nrn), fato este que vem a reforçar a proposição de estarem-se gerando radicais nestes sistemas.In the present work, the photolyses, in apoIar soIvents, of a series of bromoderivatives of o-xylene is investigated, aiming at attaining an improved understanding of the reaction mechanism and at the identification of the transient species formed after homolysis ofthe carbon-halogen bond. α-Bromo-o-xylene (MBX), α, α -dibromo-o-xylene (GBX), α, α\' -dibromo-o-xylene (DBX), α, α, α \' -tribromo-o-xylene and α, α, α,α\' -tetrabromo-o-xylene (TBX) were subjected to steady-state 254nm irradiation in deaerated benzene and isooctane. The products were identified by GC-MS and also by co-injection of authentic samples. The analysis of the products formed revealed that homolysis of C-Br bond is followed by a series of hydrogen abstraction and radical recombination reactions, resulting in xylenes more and less brominated than the starting compound. Benzaldehydes are also formed from hydrolysis of the geminal dibromides, due to the presence of trace amounts of water. When isoöctane is the solvent, the less brominated products are formed with higher relative quantum yields, as the solvent undergoes hydrogen abstraction by the primary photoproduct, the o-methylbenzyI radical, a process also leading to the formation of 2-bromo-2,4,4-trimethylpentane. This notwithstanding, no trace of HBr was detected. The photolysis of MBX and DBX presented higher absolute quantum yields in benzene than in isoöctane, indicating sensitization by the solvent in the former case. A biradical intermediate, belonging to the orto-quinodimethane c1ass, was expected on the occurrence of either (a) photolysis of the o-methylbenzyl radical formed (a biphotonic process) or (b) intramolecular hydrogen abstraction. However, in the presence of cyclohexene no Diels-AIder adduct was observed. Laser flash-photolysis studies at 266nm (quadrupled Nd:YAG) have been performed for MBX, DBX, GBX and TBX, using degassed isoöctane as solvent. The observed transient spectral and kinetic data indicates initial formation of a radical and of a cation, which present micro and millisecond lifetimes, respectively. Moreover, the spectral distributions were different at 0.1 and 10µs, as expected for two different transients. Similar results were obtained from DBX, on 308nm laser irradiation (XeCl eximer). For TBX, however, on1y in these latter conditions we were able to detect the α-bromo-o-(dibromomethyl)benzyl radical (which half-life is toa short in isoöctane to be detected by our apparatus). Both substracts also gave rise to the Br/benzene complex (λmax = 550nm), in the 308nm photolyses, thus confirming the presence ofBro in the system under study.
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Fonseca, Diogo Vilar da. "O orto-eugenol apresenta atividade antinociceptiva e anti-inflamatória em camundongos." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8816.
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Eugenol's ability to reduce nociception and act in the inflammatory process has gained great prominence in the scientific community, emerging interest in researching the ortho-eugenol also has these same activities. Researching ortho-eugenol’s antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity, and its possible mechanisms of action is therefore of interest. The administration of vehicle, ortho-eugenol (50, 75 and 100 mg/kg i.p), morphine (10 mg/kg, i.p) or dexamethasone (2 mg/kg, s.c) occurred thirty minutes before the completion of pharmacological tests. The experiments started with psychopharmacological screening and determination of the LD50. The effect of ortho-eugenol on motor coordination in mice was investigated in the rota-rod test. The antinociceptive activity was assessed using chemical tests (test of writhing induced by acetic acid, formalin, test and glutamate) and thermal (hot plate test). To study the role of the adrenergic system, was administered α2-adrenergic antagonist, yohimbine, fifteen minutes before the ortho-eugenol injection the test of writhing induced by acetic acid. The test vascular permeability induced by acetic acid and peritonitis test were used to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of ortho-eugenol in mice. In the test of peritonitis, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and phosphorylated forms of NF-kB and p38 were analyzed in peritoneal fluid. In the behavioral pharmacological screening, the different doses tested ortho-eugenol (200, 225, 250, 300 e 400 mg/kg, i.p.)psicodepressoras showed behavioral changes such as decreased ambulation, and especially analgesia. The LD50 was 307.5 mg / kg, with a confidence interval between 212.1 and 446.0 mg / kg body weight for male and female mice. Pretreatment with ortho-eugenol did not change Rota-rod test coordination test results, but reduced the number of writhes and licking times in the glutamate assay. The reaction time from thermal stimulus was significantly increased in the hot plate test after administration of ortho-eugenol. Treatment with yohimbine reversed the antinociceptive effect of ortho-eugenol, suggesting involvement of the adrenergic system. In anti-inflammatory tests, ortho-eugenol inhibited acetic acid induced vascular permeability and leukocyte migration, reducing TNF-α and IL-1β by virtue of its suppression of NF-kB and p38 phosphorylated forms in the peritonitis test. From these results, ortho-eugenol antinociceptive effects mediated by the adrenergic system and anti-inflammatory activity through regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and phosphorylation of NF-kB and p38 become evident for the first time.
A capacidade do eugenol em reduzir a nocicepção e agir no processo inflamatório tem ganhado grande destaque na comunidade cientifica, surgindo o interesse em pesquisar se o orto-eugenol também possui essas mesmas atividades. Diante disso, surgiu interesse em pesquisar a atividade antinociceptiva e anti-inflamatória do orto-eugenol e seus possíveis mecanismos de ação. A administração do veículo (Tween 80 mais água destilada), orto-eugenol (50, 75 e 100 mg/kg, i.p.), morfina (10 mg/kg, i.p.) ou dexametasona (2 mg/kg, s.c.) aconteceram trinta minutos antes da realização dos testes farmacológicos. Os experimentos iniciaram com a triagem psicofarmacológica e determinação da DL50. O efeito do orto-eugenol sobre a coordenação motora de camundongos foi investigada no teste do Rota-rod. A atividade antinociceptiva foi avaliada utilizando testes químicos (teste das contorções abdominais induzidas pelo ácido acético, teste da formalina e teste do glutamato) e térmico (teste da placa quente). Para estudar a participação do sistema adrenérgico, administrou-se o antagonista adrenérgico α2, ioimbina, quinze minutos antes da injeção do orto-eugenol no teste das contorções induzidas pelo ácido acético. O teste da permeabilidade vascular induzida pelo ácido acético e o teste da peritonite foram utilizados para avaliar o efeito anti-inflamatório do orto-eugenol em camundongos. No teste da peritonite, os níveis de citocinas pró-inflamatórias e as formas fosforiladas de NF-κB e de p38 foram analisados no líquido peritoneal. Na triagem farmacológica comportamental, as diferentes doses testadas do orto-eugenol (200, 225, 250, 300 e 400 mg/kg, i.p.) apresentaram alterações comportamentais psicodepressoras, tais como ambulação diminuída e, principalmente, analgesia. A DL50 foi de 307,5 mg/kg, com intervalo de confiança entre 212,1 e 446,0 mg/kg de peso corporal para camundongos machos e fêmeas. O pré-tratamento com o orto-eugenol não alterou a coordenação motora no teste do Rota-rod, mas reduziu o número de contorções abdominais, o tempo de lambida no teste do glutamato e ambas as fases do teste da formalina. O tempo de reação ao estímulo térmico foi significativamente aumentando no teste da placa quente, após a administração do orto-eugenol. O tratamento com a ioimbina reverteu o efeito antinociceptivo do orto-eugenol, sugerindo ativação do sistema adrenérgico. Nos testes anti-inflamatórios, o orto-eugenol inibiu o aumento da permeabilidade vascular induzida por ácido acético e a migração de leucócitos via redução dos níveis de TNF-α e IL-1β em virtude da supressão das formas fosforiladas de NF-κB e p38 no teste da peritonite. Diante desses resultados, torna-se evidente, pela primeira vez o efeito antinociceptivo mediado pelo receptor adrenérgico α2 e atividade anti-inflamatória por meio da regulação de citocinas pró-inflamatórias e fosforilação de NF-κB e p38.
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Baumgarten, Ana Maria dos Santos. "Influ?ncia dos fotoativadores LED e PAC na colagem de br?quetes met?licos em superf?cies de cer?mica." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2007. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/1013.
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Previous issue date: 2007-12-13O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar e comparar, por meio do teste de resist?ncia ao cisalhamento, a colagem de br?quetes em superf?cies de cer?mica expostos a duas fontes luminosas (Ortholux LED e o Apollo? 95E), mediante diferentes tempos de exposi??o. Noventa discos de cer?mica foram divididos em seis grupos de acordo com a fonte de luz e o tempo de exposi??o utilizado. Para os grupos fotoativados com o LED foram usados os tempos de 10, 15 e 20 segundos e para os grupos polimerizados com o PAC, 4, 6 e 9 segundos. Ap?s 24h de armazenamento em ?gua destilada a 37?C, os corpos-de-prova foram submetidos ao teste de cisalhamento por meio da m?quina de ensaio universal (Emic DL 2000?), numa velocidade de carregamento de 0,5 mm/min. De acordo com os testes estat?sticos ANOVA e Tukey, houve diferen?a significativa entre os grupos estudados (p<0,05). Houve equival?ncia estat?stica das m?dias de resist?ncia de uni?o dos grupos LED (10s, 15s e 20s) com os correspondentes grupos PAC (6s e 9s). O grupo PAC 4s apresentou m?dia inferior aos demais grupos, n?o sendo indicado para colagem ortod?ntica em cer?mica. Segundo o teste Kruskal-Wallis, houve diferen?a significativa na distribui??o dos escores do ?ndice Adesivo Remanescente (IAR) entre os grupos (p<0,05). Os grupos LED 20s, PAC 6s e PAC 9s apresentaram predominantemente ?ndice 0. Comportamento oposto foi observado nos grupos LED 10s e PAC 4s, onde o escore 3 prevaleceu. O grupo LED 20s demonstrou a maior incid?ncia de fraturas da cer?mica (53,3%). De modo geral, o tipo de descolagem mais freq?ente foi o escore 3 do IAR, ocorrendo em 36,7% da amostra seguidos do escore 0 (35,6%), do qual n?o diferiu estatisticamente. Os resultados obtidos na presente pesquisa sugerem que as fontes luminosas de alta intensidade como o Ortholux LED e o Apollo? 95E s?o eficazes na fotoativa??o da resina composta Transbond XT?, reduzindo o tempo necess?rio de polimeriza??o durante a colagem de br?quetes met?licos em superf?cies de cer?mica.