Journal articles: 'Oscines'

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Raposo, Marcos A., and Elizabeth Höfling. "Overestimation of vocal characters in Suboscine taxonomy (Aves: Passeriformes: Tyranni): causes and implications." Lundiana: International Journal of Biodiversity 4, no. 1 (December 2, 2022): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35699/2675-5327.2003.21833.

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The difference in treatment of vocal features in Oscines and Suboscines passerine birds characterizes a large portion of the current studies on their taxonomy. In the former taxon, vocalization is supposed to be molded by learning, and consequently is not regarded as taxonomically informative. In the latter, a strong emphasis is given to vocalization because it supposedly reflects the genetic structure of populations. This paper reviews the various assumptions related to this difference in treatment, including the overestimation of the vocal characters in suboscine alpha taxonomy due to the alleged importance of vocalization under the framework of the species mate recognition system. The innate origin of suboscine vocalizations remains to be rigorously demonstrated and the use of vocalization as “super-characters” is prejudicial to bird taxonomy. Despite the possibility of being learned, vocalization should also be used in the taxonomic studies of oscine passerines. Keywords: Vocalization, Oscines, Suboscines, Birds, Passeriformes

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Mayr, Gerald, and Albrecht Manegold. "A Small Suboscine-Like Passeriform Bird from the Early Oligocene of France." Condor 108, no. 3 (August 1, 2006): 717–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/108.3.717.

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Abstract We report the wing bones of a small passeriform bird from the early Oligocene of France, which are among the earliest fossil remains of Passeriformes in Europe. The specimen is clearly distinguished from oscines, to which all extant European passeriforms belong, and closely resembles suboscine passerines in presumably derived features. If future, more complete specimens support its assignment to the suboscines, it would be the earliest fossil record of this passeriform taxon. Together with other fossils from the early Oligocene of Germany, it indicates that nonoscine passerines colonized Europe before the arrival of oscines.

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Weir, Jason T., and David Wheatcroft. "A latitudinal gradient in rates of evolution of avian syllable diversity and song length." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1712 (November 10, 2010): 1713–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2037.

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We ask whether rates of evolution in traits important for reproductive isolation vary across a latitudinal gradient, by quantifying evolutionary rates of two traits important for pre-mating isolation—avian syllable diversity and song length. We analyse over 2500 songs from 116 pairs of closely related New World passerine bird taxa to show that evolutionary rates for the two main groups of passerines—oscines and suboscines—doubled with latitude in both groups for song length. For syllable diversity, oscines (who transmit song culturally) evolved more than 20 times faster at high latitudes than in low latitudes, whereas suboscines (whose songs are innate in most species and who possess very simple song with few syllable types) show no clear latitudinal gradient in rate. Evolutionary rates in oscines and suboscines were similar at tropical latitudes for syllable complexity as well as for song length. These results suggest that evolutionary rates in traits important to reproductive isolation and speciation are influenced by latitude and have been fastest, not in the tropics where species diversity is highest, but towards the poles.

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Sclater, P. L. "Remarks on two rare American Oscines." Ibis 26, no. 3 (April 3, 2008): 240–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1884.tb01161.x.

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Clark, George A., and Justine B. de Cruz. "Functional Interpretation of Protruding Filoplumes in Oscines." Condor 91, no. 4 (November 1989): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1368080.

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Secondi, Jean, Carel Ten Cate, and Merijn De Bakker. "FEMALE RESPONSES TO MALE COOS IN THE COLLARED DOVE STREPTOPELIA DECAOCTO." Behaviour 139, no. 10 (2002): 1287–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853902321104163.

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AbstractBirdsong is one of the main models in sexual selection studies. Most investigations focused on oscines in which male song and female preference learning occur. Yet, some non-oscines are well suited for such studies as well. In Columbidae song learning does not occur. However, like in oscines, song is involved in inter- and intra-sexual interactions. Surprisingly, experimental evidence of female song-based preferences are still largely lacking in this group. We conducted playback tests on wild-caught Streptopelia decaocto females. We tested for the sexual function of song by playing decaocto songs versus songs of an unrelated species. We then investigated female responses to trill. Although they do not produce this trait, males react more strongly to artificially trilled decaocto songs, i.e. to conspecific songs in which a trill from a S. roseogrisea song has been inserted, than to normal decaocto songs. We also tested female responses to S. roseogrisea songs. Females flew more often and with a shorter latency during decaocto songs than during wren songs, suggesting that species recognition occurred, but we found no evidence of preference for trilled decaocto songs. The low activity observed during the experiment might have obscured actual preferences. Nevertheless, females consistently reacted more to normal decaocto songs than to trilled decaocto or roseogrisea songs. This contrasts with the strong responses for trilled decaocto songs and the virtual lack of reaction to S. roseogrisea songs observed in males. Thus, female collared doves, as receivers, may have different characteristics from males and impose constraints on the evolution of song.

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Manegold, Albrecht, Gerald Mayr, and Cécile Mourer-Chauviré. "Miocene Songbirds and the Composition of the European Passeriform Avifauna." Auk 121, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 1155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/121.4.1155.

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Abstract Songbirds (Passeriformes) occur in the fossil record of the Northern Hemisphere around the early Oligocene. It has recently been suggested that the major passeriform lineages diverged in Gondwana in the mid- to late Cretaceous and that the oscines, which include all extant European songbirds, originated on the Australian continental plate. Suboscines are assumed to have originated in western Gondwana. Although there is an abundant fossil record of songbirds in Europe, few attempts have been made to set those remains in a phylogenetic context. Our examination of fossil songbirds from three middle Miocene localities in Germany and France shows that many lack the derived morphology of the hypotarsus that characterizes extant Eupasseres (a taxon that comprises oscines and suboscines). We assume that these fossil taxa are outside the crown-group of Eupasseres, which indicates the presence of an ancient songbird avifauna in the Miocene of Europe, in addition to the few fossil Eupasseres already described in the literature.

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MIRONOV, S. V., P. B. KLIMOV, N. L. BLOCK, and B. M. OCONNOR. "Congruent co-evolution of the feather mite genus Trouessartia (Acariformes: Trouessartiidae) and endemic Malagasy warblers (Passeriformes: Bernieridae)." Zoosymposia 22 (November 30, 2022): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.22.1.22.

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The feather mite genus Trouessartia (Analgoidea: Trouessartiidae), with 145 known species, is the second most species-rich genus of feather mites. Species of Trouessartia are mostly associated with passerines (oscines and suboscines), with a few associations with woodpeckers. On hosts, the mites inhabit flight feathers, most commonly occurring on the secondaries and rectrices.

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Greene, Erick. "Toward an Evolutionary Understanding of Song Diversity in Oscines." Auk 116, no. 2 (April 1999): 299–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4089363.

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MORENO, EULALIA, and LUIS M. CARRASCAL. "Ecomorphological patterns of aerial feeding in oscines (Passeriformes: Passeri)." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 50, no. 2 (October 1993): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1993.tb00922.x.

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11

De Repentigny, Yves, Henri Ouellet, and Raymond McNeil. "Songversusplumage in some North American Oscines: Testing Darwin’s hypothesis." Écoscience 7, no. 2 (January 2000): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11956860.2000.11682582.

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12

Lovette, I. J., and E. Bermingham. "What is a Wood-Warbler? Molecular Characterization of a Monophyletic Parulidae." Auk 119, no. 3 (July 1, 2002): 695–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/119.3.695.

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AbstractThe wood-warblers (family Parulidae) fall within a radiation of passerine birds commonly known as the New World nine-primaried oscines. Defining familial relationships within that radiation has previously been challenging because of its extremely high diversity, a paucity of phylogenetically informative morphological characters, and an apparent high rate of cladogenesis early in the radiation's history. Here, analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences demonstrate that the 25 extant genera traditionally placed in the Parulidae do not form a monophyletic group. Instead, all reconstructions identify a well-resolved clade of 19 genera (Vermivora, Parula, Dendroica, Catharopeza, Mniotilta, Setophaga, Protonotaria, Helmitheros, Limnothlypis, Seiurus, Oporornis, Geothlypis, Wilsonia, Cardellina, Ergaticus, Myioborus, Euthlypis, Basileuterus, and Phaeothlypis) that are all morphologically typical wood-warblers traditionally placed in the Parulidae. Six genera traditionally assigned to the Parulidae—Microligea, Teretistris, Zeledonia, Icteria, Granatellus, and Xenoligea—fall outside this highly supported clade in all mtDNA-based and nuclear DNA-based reconstructions, and each is probably more closely allied to taxa traditionally placed in other nine-primaried oscine families. The long, well-supported, and independently confirmed internode at the base of this wood-warbler clade provides the opportunity to define a monophyletic Parulidae using several complementary molecular phylogenetic criteria. Support for those relationships comes from reconstructions based on a range of nucleotide-intensive (from 894 to 3,638 nucleotides per taxon) and taxon-intensive (45 to 128 species) analyses of mtDNA sequences, as well as independent reconstructions based on nucleotide substitutions in the nuclear-encoded c-mos gene. Furthermore, the 19 typical wood-warbler genera share a synapomorphic one-codon c-mos deletion not found in other passerines. At a slightly deeper phylogenetic level, our mtDNA-based reconstructions are consistent with previous morphologic and genetic studies in suggesting that many nine-primaried oscine taxa have unanticipated affinities, that many lineages arose during an early and explosive period of cladogenesis, and that the generation of a robust nine-primaried oscine phylogeny will require robust taxonomic sampling and extensive phylogenetic information.

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Yamasaki, Takeshi, and Tatsuaki Kameya. "Revised Japanese Names for Avian Orders and Families. (2) Oscines." Journal of the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology 52, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3312/jyio.52.138.

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14

BREMOND, JEAN-CLAUDE. "Role of the Carrier Frequency in the Territorial Songs of Oscines." Ethology 73, no. 2 (April 26, 2010): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1986.tb01004.x.

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15

Quinn, J. S., E. Guglich, G. Seutin, R. Lau, J. Marsolais, L. Parna, P. T. Boag, and B. N. White. "Characterization and assessment of an avian repetitive DNA sequence as an icterid phylogenetic marker." Genome 35, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g92-025.

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The first tandemly repeated sequence examined in a passerine bird, a 431-bp PstI fragment named pMAT1, has been cloned from the genome of the brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater). The sequence represents about 5–10% of the genome (about 4 × 105 copies) and yields prominent ethidium bromide stained bands when genomic DNA cut with a variety of restriction enzymes is electrophoresed in agarose gels. A particularly striking ladder of fragments is apparent when the DNA is cut with HinfI, indicative of a tandem arrangement of the monomer. The cloned PstI monomer has been sequenced, revealing no internal repeated structure. There are sequences that hybridize with pMAT1 found in related nine-primaried oscines but not in more distantly related oscines, suboscines, or nonpasserine species. Little sequence similarity to tandemly repeated PstI cut sequences from the merlin (Falco columbarius), saurus crane (Grus antigone), or Puerto Rican parrot (Amazona vittata) or to HinfI digested sequence from the Toulouse goose (Anser anser) was detected. The isolated sequence was used as a probe to examine DNA samples of eight members of the tribe Icterini. This examination revealed phylogenetically informative characters. The repeat contains cutting sites from a number of restriction enzymes, which, if sufficiently polymorphic, would provide new phylogenetic characters. Sequences like these, conserved within a species, but variable between closely related species, may be very useful for phylogenetic studies of closely related taxa.Key words: tandemly repeated sequences, satellite DNA, tribe Icterini.

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16

Bledsoe, Anthony H. "Nuclear DNA Evolution and Phylogeny of the New World Nine-Primaried Oscines." Auk 105, no. 3 (July 1, 1988): 504–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/105.3.504.

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Abstract Estimates of phylogeny were derived from measures of dissimilarity of single-copy nuclear-DNA sequences for 13 species that represent the currently recognized major groups of New World nine-primaried oscines and an outgroup (Passer). The dissimilarity coefficients (delta mode and delta T50H) calculated from thermal dissociation curves of reassociated DNA sequences exhibited the properties of a metric. No statistically significant increase in goodness-of-fit of the raw data to a phylogeny estimated from a least-squares analysis of the 13 × 13 matrix of distances was achieved when the lengths of sister branches were allowed to vary. "Jackknife" and negative branch-length analyses identified unstable stems that resulted from non-additivity caused in part by measurement error. Such stems were collapsed to produce a more robust topology, which served as the basis for estimating the positions of taxa not included in the 13 × 13 matrix. The clade that subsumed several "typical" tanagers (e.g. Tachyphonus rufus) also included Sicalis luteola and Diuca diuca (usually allied with the North American emberizine sparrows); Cyanerpes cyaneus, two species of Diglossa, and Coereba flaveola (often split among several major groups); and Tersina viridis, Catamblyrhynchus diadema, and Nephelornis oneilli (whose affinities are often considered uncertain). This "tanager" clade and its sister group, the cardinals (represented by Cardinalis cardinalis), together formed one fork of a trichotomy. Several emberizine sparrows (e.g. Pooecetes gramineus) formed the second fork, and wood-warblers (e.g. Dendroica striata) and New World orioles (e.g. Psarocolius angustifrons) formed the third. The chaffinches (represented by Fringilla coelebs) and several cardueline finches (e.g. Carduelis pinus) together formed the sister group of the other New World nine-primaried oscines included in the study. This phylogeny implies that convergence in feeding specializations among lineages is more extensive than traditional arrangements of the assemblage would suggest.

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Yuri, Tamaki, and David P. Mindell. "Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Fringillidae, “New World nine-primaried oscines” (Aves: Passeriformes)." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 23, no. 2 (May 2002): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1055-7903(02)00012-x.

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Manegold, A. "Composition and phylogenetic affinities of vangas (Vangidae, Oscines, Passeriformes) based on morphological characters." Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 46, no. 3 (August 2008): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0469.2008.00458.x.

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19

Capllonch, Patricia. "Un panorama de las migraciones de aves en Argentina." El Hornero 33, no. 1 (August 1, 2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.56178/eh.v33i1.490.

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En este trabajo se ofrece una revisión de las migraciones y desplazamientos de aves en Argentina. Se consideran 458 especies y subespecies con migraciones comprobadas o suficientemente justificadas; las no paseriformes incluyen 206 especies y subespecies pertenecientes a 21 órdenes y las paseriformes 252 especies, 126 del suborden Tyranni (Suboscines) y 126 del suborden Passeres (Oscines). Todas estas especies y subespecies fueron agrupadas en nueve tipos de patrones de desplazamiento migratorio: (1) desplazamientos en el oeste montañoso, (2) desplazamientos en las Yungas, (3) desplazamientos altitudinales, (4) desplazamientos entre el litoral argentino y el Pantanal, (5) desplazamientos longitudinales, (6) desplazamientos atlánticos patagónicos, (7) desplazamientos continentales australes frío-templados, (8) desplazamientos dentro del Chaco, el Espinal y el Cerrado, y (9) desplazamientos templado-tropicales.

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Manegold, Albrecht. "Morphological characters of the tongue skeleton reveal phylogenetic relationships within the Corvidae (Oscines, Passeriformes)." Emu - Austral Ornithology 108, no. 4 (December 2008): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu08022.

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Graves, Gary R. "Questions raised by the consumption of cane sugar by a Black-throated Blue Warbler (<em>Setophaga caerulescens</em>)." Journal of Caribbean Ornithology 27 (December 26, 2014): 27–30. https://doi.org/10.55431/jco.2014.27.27-30.

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Abstract: I address questions raised by an observation of a Black-throated Blue Warbler (Setophaga caerulescens) eating un- refined granulated cane sugar in Kingston, Jamaica. Sugar consumption implies the presence of taste receptors sensitive to sucrose and digestive sucrase activity sufficient to assimilate highly concentrated sucrose solutions. The ability to efficiently di- gest disaccharides, such as sucrose, and more complex oligosaccharides has permitted wood warblers and other nine-primaried oscines to exploit nectars of hummingbird-pollinated flowers and homopteran honeydew that may not be easily digested by avian clades such as thrushes and mimids that appear to lack digestive sucrases. In a broader context, clade-specific differences in digestive physiology may result in resource use patterns in birds that mimic the outcome of interspecific competition. Keywords: Black-throated Blue Warbler, cane sugar, digestive enzymes, interspecific competition, Jamaica, nectarivory, saccharides, Setophaga caerulescens, sucrase, sucrose Resumen: Cuestiones planteadas por el consumo de azúcar de caña por Setophaga caerulescens—Aquí abordo preguntas surgidas por la observación de Setophaga caerulescens alimentándose de azúcar de caña granulada y sin refinar en Kingston, Jamaica. El consumo de azúcar implica la presencia de receptores de gusto sensibles a la sacarosa así como suficiente actividad digestiva de sacarasa para asimilar soluciones altamente concentradas de sacarosa. La habilidad para digerir eficientemente los discáridos, tales como la sacarosa, y oligosacáridos más complejos ha permitido a los parúlidos y otros oscines con nueve primarias aprovechar néctares de flores polinizadas por colibríes y la melaza producida por homópteros que pueden no ser fácil- mente digeridos por clados de aves como túrdidos y mímidos que carecen de sacarasas digestivas. En un contexto más amplio, las diferencias clado-específicas en la fisiología digestiva pueden resultar en patrones de uso de recursos en aves que imiten el resultado de la competencia interespecífica. Palabras clave: azúcar de caña, competencia interespecífica, enzimas digestivas, Jamaica, nectivoría, sacarasa, sacáridos, sacarosa, Setophaga caerulescens Résumé: Questions soulevées par la consommation de sucre de canne par une Paruline bleue (Setophaga caerulescens)—Sont traitées ici les questions soulevées par l’observation d’une Paruline bleue (Setophaga caerulescens) se nourrissant de sucre de canne cristallisé non raffiné à Kingston, en Jamaïque. La consommation de sucre implique la présence de récepteurs du goût sensibles au saccharose, et d’une activité de digestion par la sucrase suffisante pour assimiler des solutions très concentrées en saccharose. La capacité à digérer efficacement les disaccharides tels que le saccharose, et les oligosaccharides plus complexes, a permis aux parulines et autres espèces du groupe des oscines pourvues de 9 rémiges primaires d’exploiter le nectar des fleurs pollinisées par les colibris et le miellat des homoptères, qui ne peuvent pas être facilement digérés par les clades tels que les grives et les mimidés qui semblent manquer de sucrases digestives. Dans un contexte plus large, les différences spécifiques des clades dans la physiologie digestive peuvent aboutir à des modèles d’utilisation des ressources par l’avifaune qui imitent les résultats de la compétition interspécifique. Mots-clés: compétition interspécifique, enzymes digestives, espèces nectarivores, Jamaïque, Paruline bleue, saccharides, saccharose, Setophaga caerulescens, sucrase, sucre de canne

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Selvatti, Alexandre Pedro, Luiz Pedreira Gonzaga, and Claudia Augusta de Moraes Russo. "A Paleogene origin for crown passerines and the diversification of the Oscines in the New World." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 88 (July 2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.03.018.

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FJELDSÅ, Jon. "The global diversification of songbirds (Oscines) and the build-up of the Sino-Himalayan diversity hotspot." Chinese Birds 4, no. 2 (June 29, 2013): 132–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5122/cbirds.2013.0014.

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Bochenski, Zbigniew M., Teresa Tomek, Małgorzata Bujoczek, and Grzegorz Salwa. "A new passeriform (Aves: Passeriformes) from the early Oligocene of Poland sheds light on the beginnings of Suboscines." Journal of Ornithology 162, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 593–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-021-01858-0.

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AbstractThe paper describes a complete specimen of a passerine bird from the early Oligocene of Poland, preserved as imprints of bones and feathers on two slabs. Crosnoornis nargizia gen. et sp. nov. is just the fifth passerine species described from the Paleogene worldwide and the fourth complete. The features preserved in the distal elements of the wing exclude Acanthisittidae and Oscines and indicate that this bird can be included in Suboscines, making it the second complete representative of this group in the Paleogene. A strong, straight beak indicates that this bird could feed on a variety of foods, including hard seeds, fruit and invertebrates, and, therefore, occupied a different foraging niche than the Oligocene passerines described so far. The wing proportions, a very short tail and relatively long legs indicate that this bird spent most of its time in the forest, close to the ground in dense shrubs or dense tree crowns.

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Margoliash, Daniel, Eric S. Fortune, Mitchell L. Sutter, Albert C. Yu, B. David Wren-Hardin, and A. Dave. "Distributed Representation in the Song System of Oscines: Evolutionary Implications and Functional Consequences (Part 1 of 2)." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 44, no. 4-5 (1994): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000113580.

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Margoliash, Daniel, Eric S. Fortune, Mitchell L. Sutter, Albert C. Yu, B. David Wren-Hardin, and A. Dave. "Distributed Representation in the Song System of Oscines: Evolutionary Implications and Functional Consequences (Part 2 of 2)." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 44, no. 4-5 (1994): 256–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000316246.

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Rodrigues, Benilson S., Rafael Kretschmer, Ricardo J. Gunski, Analia D. V. Garnero, Patricia C. M. O'Brien, Malcolm Ferguson-Smith, and Edivaldo H. C. de Oliveira. "Chromosome Painting in Tyrant Flycatchers Confirms a Set of Inversions Shared by Oscines and Suboscines (Aves, Passeriformes)." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 153, no. 4 (2017): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000486975.

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Tyrannidae is the largest family of Passeriformes in the Neotropical region. However, despite an interesting chromosomal diversity, there are only few cytogenetic studies of this family, and most of these are based on conventional cytogenetics. Hence, we analyzed here the chromosomal diversity and karyotypical evolution of this group by chromosome painting in 3 different species - Pitangus sulphuratus, Serpophaga subcristata, and Satrapa icterophrys - and make comparisons with previous data. In addition to chromosome painting with Gallus gallus (GGA) and Leucopternis albicollis (LAL) probes, karyotypes were analyzed by conventional staining, C-banding, and FISH with 18S rDNA and telomeric probes. Although this family is characterized by extensive chromosomal variation, we found similar karyotypes and diploid numbers ranging from 2n = 80 in P. sulphuratus to 2n = 82 in S. subcristata and S. icterophrys. Constitutive heterochromatin was located centromerically in all 3 species. Clusters of 18S rDNA were present in 1 pair of microchromosomes, except in S. subcristata, where 2 pairs of microchromosomes were labeled. No interstitial telomeric sequences were detected. GGA and LAL whole-chromosome probes revealed the occurrence of fissions and both paracentric and pericentric inversions commonly seen in other Passeriformes. In general terms, tyrants show the typical karyotype found in Passeriformes, suggesting that the observed rearrangements occurred before the division of the suborders Oscines and Suboscines.

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Klicka, John, Kevin P. Johnson, and Scott M. Lanyon. "New World Nine-Primaried Oscine Relationships: Constructing a Mitochondrial DNA Framework." Auk 117, no. 2 (April 1, 2000): 321–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/117.2.321.

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AbstractHistorically, a paucity of comparative morphological characters has led to much debate regarding relationships within and among the major lineages of New World nine-primaried oscines. More recently, DNA-DNA hybridization studies have provided novel and testable hypotheses of relationships, although no consensus has been reached. For 40 songbird taxa, we obtained 1,929 base pairs (bp) of DNA sequence from the mitochondrial cytochrome-b (894 bp) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (1,035 bp) genes. Phylogenetic analyses confirm the monophyly of this assemblage as traditionally defined. The lineages delineated historically on morphological grounds are retained; finches (Fringillinae) are sister to a well-supported clade (Emberizinae) containing blackbirds (Icterini), sparrows (Emberizini), wood-warblers (Parulini), tanagers (Thraupini), and cardinal-grosbeaks (Cardinalini). However, each tribe individually is either paraphyletic or polyphyletic with respect to most recent songbird classifications. Our results suggest that Euphonia is not a tanager but perhaps represents a derived form of cardueline finch. Piranga, traditionally considered a typical tanager, is a cardinaline in all of our analyses. Calcarius falls outside the sparrow lineage in all of our analyses, but its true affinities remain unclear. Elements of four different AOU families are represented in our clade Thraupini. The inclusion of several “tanager-finches” (Haplospiza, Diglossa, Tiaris, Volatinia, Sporophila) and a nectarivore (Coereba) in this clade is consistent with findings from other molecular phylogenies in suggesting that convergence in feeding specializations among some lineages has confounded traditional morphological classifications. We obtained a novel arrangement of relationships among tribes in our “best” topology; Cardinalini is sister to the rest of the Emberizinae assemblage (as defined by Sibley and Ahlquist [1990]), and Thraupini is sister to a clade containing Icterini, Emberizini, and Parulini. Despite nearly 2,000 bp of sequence for each taxon, and a high degree of stability across most weighting schemes and analytical methods, most nodes lack strong bootstrap support. The ND2 gene provided higher resolution than did cytochrome b, but combining genes provided the most highly supported and resolved topology. We consider the phylogeny a working hypothesis to be used as a guide for further studies within the nine-primaried oscine assemblage.

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Phung, Lan-Nhi, and David P. L. Toews. "Comparative bioacoustics of multiple eastern versus western songbird pairs in North America reveals a gradient of song divergence." PLOS ONE 19, no. 12 (December 26, 2024): e0312706. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0312706.

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Vocalizations are one of the key premating reproductive barriers that could affect species formation. In song-learning birds, vocal traits are sometimes overlooked in species delimitation, as compared to morphological or plumage-based differences. In this study, we assessed geographic variation in songs of eight pairs of oscines on two scales: (1) comparing primary songs of species/subspecies pairs whose breeding grounds are eastern and western counterparts of each other in the continental North America, and (2) for each counterpart, identifying and comparing possible variation among their populations. We found that there were strong differences in the songs between eastern and western taxa, though the magnitude of that difference was not correlated to a mitochondrial DNA-based estimates of divergence. Additionally, we found that within-taxa geographic variation was not common in our focal taxa, beyond a single species (Townsend’s warbler, Setophaga townsendi). The result of this study provides a standardized, quantitative comparison of eastern and western songbirds, and serves as the foundation to explore the possible effectiveness of vocalizations as a reproductive barrier at this geographic scale.

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Derégnaucourt, Sébastien, Sigal Saar, and Manfred Gahr. "Dynamics of crowing development in the domestic Japanese quail ( Coturnix coturnix japonica )." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276, no. 1665 (March 18, 2009): 2153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.0016.

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Species-specific behaviours gradually emerge, via incomplete patterns, to the final complete adult form. A classical example is birdsong, a learned behaviour ideally suited for studying the neural and molecular substrates of vocal learning. Young songbirds gradually transform primitive unstructured vocalizations (subsong, akin to human babbling) into complex, stereotyped sequences of syllables that constitute adult song. In comparison with birdsong, territorial and mating calls of vocal non-learner species are thought to exhibit little change during development. We revisited this issue using the crowing behaviour of domestic Japanese quail ( Coturnix coturnix japonica ). Crowing activity was continuously recorded in young males maintained in social isolation from the age of three weeks to four months. We observed developmental changes in crow structure, both the temporal and the spectral levels. Speed and trajectories of these developmental changes exhibited an unexpected high inter-individual variability. Mechanisms used by quails to transform sounds during ontogeny resemble those described in oscines during the sensorimotor phase of song learning. Studies on vocal non-learners could shed light on the specificity and evolution of vocal learning.

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MANEGOLD, ALBRECHT. "Passerine diversity in the late Oligocene of Germany: earliest evidence for the sympatric coexistence of Suboscines and Oscines." Ibis 150, no. 2 (February 4, 2008): 377–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.2008.00802.x.

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Kretschmer, Rafael, Vanusa Lilian Camargo de Lima, Marcelo Santos de Souza, Alice Lemos Costa, Patricia C. M. O’Brien, Malcolm A. Ferguson-Smith, Edivaldo Herculano Corrêa de Oliveira, Ricardo José Gunski, and Analía Del Valle Garnero. "Multidirectional chromosome painting in Synallaxis frontalis (Passeriformes, Furnariidae) reveals high chromosomal reorganization, involving fissions and inversions." Comparative Cytogenetics 12, no. 1 (March 13, 2018): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v12i1.22344.

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In this work we performed comparative chromosome painting using probes from Gallusgallus (GGA) Linnaeus, 1758 and Leucopternisalbicollis (LAL) Latham, 1790 in Synallaxisfrontalis Pelzeln, 1859 (Passeriformes, Furnariidae), an exclusively Neotropical species, in order to analyze whether the complex pattern of intrachromosomal rearrangements (paracentric and pericentric inversions) proposed for Oscines and Suboscines is shared with more basal species. S.frontalis has 82 chromosomes, similar to most Avian species, with a large number of microchromosomes and a few pairs of macrochromosomes. We found polymorphisms in pairs 1 and 3, where homologues were submetacentric and acrocentric. Hybridization of GGA probes showed syntenies in the majority of ancestral macrochromosomes, except for GGA1 and GGA2, which hybridized to more than one pair of chromosomes each. LAL probes confirmed the occurrence of intrachromosomal rearrangements in the chromosomes corresponding to GGA1q, as previously proposed for species from the order Passeriformes. In addition, LAL probes suggest that pericentric inversions or centromere repositioning were responsible for variations in the morphology of the heteromorphic pairs 1 and 3. Altogether, the analysis of our data on chromosome painting and the data published in other Passeriformes highlights chromosomal changes that have occurred during the evolution of Passeriformes.

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Sigler Ficken, Millicent, Kathryn M. Rusch, Sandra J. Taylor, and Donald R. Powers. "Blue-Throated Hummingbird Song: A Pinnacle of Nonoscine Vocalizations." Auk 117, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/117.1.120.

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Abstract Little is known about the structure and function of hummingbird vocalizations. We studied the vocalizations of Blue-throated Hummingbirds (Lampornis clemenciae) at two sites in southeastern Arizona. Songs were produced by males and females. Male songs consisted of arrays of notes organized in clusters of “song units.” Within sites, all males shared the same song units. Individual differences occurred in some temporal aspects of song, and slight but consistent differences in note structure occurred between the two sites. The organization of units within songs was marked by rigid syntax, and long songs were produced by agglutination of units. Male songs may function in territorial advertisement and mate attraction. Female songs were very different acoustically from those of males and typically were given when females were within a few centimeters of a male. In these situations, the female's song often overlapped temporally with the male's song. Of the hummingbird species studied so far, the Blue-throated Hummingbird has the most complex songs and is the only known species with complex female songs. Blue-throated Hummingbirds show convergence with oscines in vocal complexity, song organization, song function, and possible learning of some song elements.

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Kretschmer, Rafael, Lima Vanusa Lilian Camargo de, Souza Marcelo Santos de, Alice Lemos Costa, Patricia C. M. O'Brien, Malcolm A. Ferguson-Smith, Oliveira Edivaldo Herculano Corrêa de, Ricardo José Gunski, and Analía Del Valle Garnero. "Multidirectional chromosome painting in Synallaxis frontalis (Passeriformes, Furnariidae) reveals high chromosomal reorganization, involving fissions and inversions." Comparative Cytogenetics 12, no. (1) (March 13, 2018): 97–110. https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v12i1.22344.

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In this work we performed comparative chromosome painting using probes from Gallus gallus (GGA) Linnaeus, 1758 and Leucopternis albicollis (LAL) Latham, 1790 in Synallaxis frontalis Pelzeln, 1859 (Passeriformes, Furnariidae), an exclusively Neotropical species, in order to analyze whether the complex pattern of intrachromosomal rearrangements (paracentric and pericentric inversions) proposed for Oscines and Suboscines is shared with more basal species. S. frontalis has 82 chromosomes, similar to most Avian species, with a large number of microchromosomes and a few pairs of macrochromosomes. We found polymorphisms in pairs 1 and 3, where homologues were submetacentric and acrocentric. Hybridization of GGA probes showed syntenies in the majority of ancestral macrochromosomes, except for GGA1 and GGA2, which hybridized to more than one pair of chromosomes each. LAL probes confirmed the occurrence of intrachromosomal rearrangements in the chromosomes corresponding to GGA1q, as previously proposed for species from the order Passeriformes. In addition, LAL probes suggest that pericentric inversions or centromere repositioning were responsible for variations in the morphology of the heteromorphic pairs 1 and 3. Altogether, the analysis of our data on chromosome painting and the data published in other Passeriformes highlights chromosomal changes that have occurred during the evolution of Passeriformes.

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Roeder, Diane V., Michael S. Husak, and Michael T. Murphy. "Frequency of extra-pair paternity in Scissor-tailed Flycatchers (Tyrannus forficatus) and other suboscines: are oscines and suboscines different?" Wilson Journal of Ornithology 128, no. 3 (September 2016): 494–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1676/1559-4491-128.3.494.

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Johansson, Ulf S., and Thomas J. Parsons. "Major Divisions in Oscines Revealed by Insertions in the Nuclear Gene c-myc: A Novel Gene in Avian Phylogenetics." Auk 117, no. 4 (October 2000): 1069–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4089654.

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Gustafsson, Daniel R., and Sarah E. Bush. "Brueelia (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) of North American Nine-Primaried Oscines (Aves: Passeriformes: Passerida) with Descriptions of Nine New Species." Journal of Parasitology 105, no. 6 (November 15, 2019): 858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/19-82.

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Ericson, Per G. P., Ulf S. Johansson, and Thomas J. Parsons. "Major Divisions in Oscines Revealed by Insertions in the Nuclear Gene c-myc: A Novel Gene in Avian Phylogenetics." Auk 117, no. 4 (October 1, 2000): 1069–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/117.4.1069.

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Esclarski, Priscilla, and Claudio Henrique Zawadzki. "Relation of the forest fragment matrix and the variation of acoustic signals of three species of Arremon (Passeriformes: Oscines)." Concilium 23, no. 14 (July 14, 2023): 471–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/clm-1676-23j55.

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Species communication systems are sensitive to habitat and act as indicators of anthropogenic environmental degradation, as they function as an early warning of the effects of fragmentation on avifauna in short periods. In this way, the study of vocal patterns helps in understanding geographic variations and cultural evolution of populations. In this study we evaluated 270 recordings of three species belonging to the genus Arremon, which occur in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: Arremon flavirostris, Arremon semitorquatus and Arremon taciturnus; with the aim of identifying changes in vocal characteristics between populations of the same species and verifying the relationship with the type of matrix surrounding the forest fragment. We found significant intraspecific differences in the vocal parameters of the three analyzed species. Thus, this study contributes to the taxonomic knowledge of the Arremon complex and provides information about the diversity of vocal signals of Brazilian species.

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Döppler, Juan F., Manon Peltier, Ana Amador, Franz Goller, and Gabriel B. Mindlin. "Replay of innate vocal patterns during night sleep in suboscines." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1953 (June 30, 2021): 20210610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.0610.

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Activation of forebrain circuitry during sleep has been variably characterized as ‘pre- or replay’ and has been linked to memory consolidation. The evolutionary origins of this mechanism, however, are unknown. Sleep activation of the sensorimotor pathways of learned birdsong is a particularly useful model system because the muscles controlling the vocal organ are activated, revealing syringeal activity patterns for direct comparison with those of daytime vocal activity. Here, we show that suboscine birds, which develop their species-typical songs innately without the elaborate forebrain–thalamic circuitry of the vocal learning taxa, also engage in replay during sleep. In two tyrannid species, the characteristic syringeal activation patterns of the song could also be identified during sleep. Similar to song-learning oscines, the burst structure was more variable during sleep than daytime song production. In kiskadees ( Pitangus sulphuratus ), a second vocalization, which is part of a multi-modal display, was also replayed during sleep along with one component of the visual display. These data show unambiguously that variable ‘replay’ of stereotyped vocal motor programmes is not restricted to programmes confined within forebrain circuitry. The proposed effects on vocal motor programme maintenance are, therefore, building on a pre-existing neural mechanism that predates the evolution of learned vocal motor behaviour.

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Amador, Ana, Franz Goller, and Gabriel B. Mindlin. "Frequency Modulation During Song in a Suboscine Does Not Require Vocal Muscles." Journal of Neurophysiology 99, no. 5 (May 2008): 2383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01002.2007.

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The physiology of sound production in suboscines is poorly investigated. Suboscines are thought to develop song innately unlike the closely related oscines. Comparing phonatory mechanisms might therefore provide interesting insight into the evolution of vocal learning. Here we investigate sound production and control of sound frequency in the Great Kiskadee ( Pitangus sulfuratus) by recording air sac pressure and vocalizations during spontaneously generated song. In all the songs and calls recorded, the modulations of the fundamental frequency are highly correlated to air sac pressure. To test whether this relationship reflects frequency control by changing respiratory activity or indicates synchronized vocal control, we denervated the syringeal muscles by bilateral resection of the tracheosyringeal nerve. After denervation, the strong correlation between fundamental frequency and air sac pressure patterns remained unchanged. A single linear regression relates sound frequency to air sac pressure in the intact and denervated birds. This surprising lack of control by syringeal muscles of frequency in Kiskadees, in strong contrast to songbirds, poses the question of how air sac pressure regulates sound frequency. To explore this question theoretically, we assume a nonlinear restitution force for the oscillating membrane folds in a two mass model of sound production. This nonlinear restitution force is essential to reproduce the frequency modulations of the observed vocalizations.

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Couchoux, Charline, and Torben Dabelsteen. "Acoustic cues to individual identity in the rattle calls of common blackbirds: a potential for individual recognition through multi-syllabic vocalisations emitted in both territorial and alarm contexts." Behaviour 152, no. 1 (November 12, 2014): 57–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003232.

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Vocal signals convey many types of information, and individually recognizable cues can benefit signallers and receivers, as shown in birdsongs that are used in the contexts of mating and territoriality. Bird calls are typically less complex than songs and thus are likely to convey less information. However, the rattle calls of some species serve a dual function, being emitted as an anti-predator and deterrence signal, and thus may encode information on individual identity. We investigated these questions in the common blackbird (Turdus merula), which emits complex rattle calls in both territorial and alarm contexts. The vocalisations of free-living males were elicited and recorded by playing back songs of unknown males in birds’ territories (territorial context) and also while approaching individuals (predator context). These song-like highly-structured multi-syllabic calls typically had three types of elements. Acoustic and statistical analyses revealed, through elevated repeatability indexes, that most of the acoustic measurements used to describe the complexity of the calls (structural, temporal and frequency parameters) were highly variable, due to inter-individual differences. The size of the call and the characteristics of the starting element only were able to discriminate a high portion of the individual calls. Beyond the very well studied songs of oscines, calls therefore deserve more attention as they also carry a potential for conveying information on individual identity.

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Mackiewicz, Paweł, Adam Dawid Urantówka, Aleksandra Kroczak, and Dorota Mackiewicz. "Resolving Phylogenetic Relationships within Passeriformes Based on Mitochondrial Genes and Inferring the Evolution of Their Mitogenomes in Terms of Duplications." Genome Biology and Evolution 11, no. 10 (October 1, 2019): 2824–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evz209.

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Abstract Mitochondrial genes are placed on one molecule, which implies that they should carry consistent phylogenetic information. Following this advantage, we present a well-supported phylogeny based on mitochondrial genomes from almost 300 representatives of Passeriformes, the most numerous and differentiated Aves order. The analyses resolved the phylogenetic position of paraphyletic Basal and Transitional Oscines. Passerida occurred divided into two groups, one containing Paroidea and Sylvioidea, whereas the other, Passeroidea and Muscicapoidea. Analyses of mitogenomes showed four types of rearrangements including a duplicated control region (CR) with adjacent genes. Mapping the presence and absence of duplications onto the phylogenetic tree revealed that the duplication was the ancestral state for passerines and was maintained in early diverged lineages. Next, the duplication could be lost and occurred independently at least four times according to the most parsimonious scenario. In some lineages, two CR copies have been inherited from an ancient duplication and highly diverged, whereas in others, the second copy became similar to the first one due to concerted evolution. The second CR copies accumulated over twice as many substitutions as the first ones. However, the second CRs were not completely eliminated and were retained for a long time, which suggests that both regions can fulfill an important role in mitogenomes. Phylogenetic analyses based on CR sequences subjected to the complex evolution can produce tree topologies inconsistent with real evolutionary relationships between species. Passerines with two CRs showed a higher metabolic rate in relation to their body mass.

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Donegan, Thomas. "Geographical variation in Tachycineta Swallows (Aves: Passeriformes: Hirundinidae), with description of a new subspecies from Colombia." Conservacion Colombiana 29, no. 2 (December 10, 2024): 3–61. https://doi.org/10.54588/cc.2024v29n2a1.

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Dark-winged Tachycineta swallows occurring west of the Andes in Colombia have confounded observers for decades. With a view to assessing their taxonomic rank, geographical variations in voice, plumage and biometrics were studied as between western Colombian birds ("Magdalena Swallows") and all members of subgenus Leucochelidon, i.e. Mangrove Swallow T. albilinea of Central America, White-winged Swallow T. albiventer of East of the Andes, Chilean Swallow T. meyeni and White-rumped Swallow T. leucorrhoa of southern South America and Tumbes Swallow T. stolzmanni of western Ecuador and Peru. A 'yardstick' methodology was applied, measuring and comparing differentiation between species using up to 18 vocal variables across 4 vocalization types as well as 9 biometric characters. Chilean versus White-rumped Swallow are a closely-related pair of valid, sympatric species, whose measured differentiation was compared to that between Magdalena and other swallows to assess their taxonomic rank. Vocal and morphological characters gave conflicting results. The rising calls of Magdalena Swallow are diagnosable in multidimensional space from White-winged Swallow, with slower pace, less change in frequency and overall lower frequency. Also, vocal repertoire differed, with 'buzz' calls predominating in Magdalena Swallow but 'rising' calls being more common in White-winged. Measured vocal differentiation exceeded that between Chilean and White-rumped Swallows and differences in repertoire were consistent. In contrast, Magdalena Swallow was non-diagnosably differentiated in plumage and biometrics from White-winged Swallow. Magdalena Swallows usually have a darker, navy-blue mantle (this usually being aquamarine or green-blue in White-winged Swallow but variable), and reduced white markings on the secondaries and wing coverts (which are typically extensive in White-winged Swallow but variable in both, with overlap). Biometrics largely overlap but Magdalena Swallows have an average shorter tarsus and bill. The molecular biology of Magdalena Swallow is unknown. Reported pairwise molecular differentiations between other species in the genus in previous published studies were tested for correlations against measured differentiation in all vocal and biometric variables. Magdalena Swallow achieved higher differentiation in vocal variables which correlated with molecular differentiation but low differentiation in biometric variables which also correlated with molecular differentiation, again a conflicting outcome. Considering differences in voice, plumage and biometrics, the Magdalena Swallow is here described as a new subspecies. The occurrence of dark-winged White-winged Swallows in western Colombia has led to dubious claims of both Mangrove Swallow and Bahama Swallow T. cyaneoviridis in this region, based on sight records. A 'Colombia' specimen of Mangrove Swallow was found in this study. Together with an intermediate specimen (showing a pale lore), there is evidence of occasional vagrancy of Mangrove Swallow to northern Colombia. There is some geographical variation in biometrics and plumage among Eastern populations of T. albiventer, but vocal differentiation is weak. The type locality of T. albiventer is in Cayenne, French Guyana, whilst western Amazonian birds were once named as aequatorialis due to their paler blue dorsal and more extensive white wing markings, but these variations are non-diagnostic. Populations of White-winged Swallow in the Atlantic and Cerrado regions of Brazil are taxonomically undescribed. These have a greenish mantle coloration (a rare morphotype in Amazonia) and often have a longer tail and white tail tips or remiges. Measured biometric and vocal differentiation of this population closely misses requirements for subspecies rank, but study of a larger sample of Brazilian specimens should be considered.

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MIRONOV, SERGEY V., and C. RAY CHANDLER. "Feather mites of the genus Trouessartia (Acariformes: Trouessartiidae) from passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) in Georgia, USA." Zootaxa 4860, no. 1 (October 9, 2020): 1–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4860.1.1.

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Ten new species of the feather mite genus Trouessartia Canestrini, 1899 (Analgoidea: Trouessartiidae) are described from various passerines of the superfamily Passeroidea in Georgia: Trouessartia americana sp. n. from Setophaga americana (Linnaeus), T. helmitheros sp. n. from Helmitheros vermivorum (Gmelin, JF), T. mniotilta sp. n. from Mniotilta varia (Linnaeus), T. pensylvanica sp. n. from Setophaga pensylvanica (Linnaeus) (type host) and S. palmarum (Gmelin, JF), T. ruticilla sp. n. from S. ruticilla (Linnaeus), T. seiurus sp. n. from Seiurus aurocapilla (Linnaeus), T. tigrina sp. n. from Setophaga tigrina (Gmelin, JF) (Parulidae), T. passerinae sp. n. from Passerina caerulea (Linnaeus) (type host) and P. cyanea (Linnaeus), T. ciris sp. n. from P. ciris (Linnaeus) (Cardinalidae), and T. spizellae sp. n. from Spizella passerina (Bechstein) (Passerellidae). Based on a specific combination of morphological characters, all new species and six previously known species are arranged into a new species group capensis in the genus Trouessartia. The most important diagnostic characters of this species group include: in both sexes, the dorsal hysterosomal apertures are absent; in males, the postgenital plaque is well developed and genital setae g have cylindrical articulation rings; in females, the external copulatory tube is straight, stylet- or finger-like, and situated on the margin of the interlobar membrane, and the head of spermatheca has a semi-ovate extension without indentations. A key to all species referred to the capensis group is provided and host associations of this group with passerines are summarized and briefly discussed. It is hypothesized that this species group originated on the ancestors of New World nine-primaried oscines (Emberizoidea) and diverged in close relation with this group of hosts.

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Fernández-Gómez, Ronald A., William Ku-Peralta, Daniela Botero-Restrepo, Nelsy Niño Rodríguez, Oscar Laverde-R, Hoover E. Pantoja-Sánchez, Gustavo A. Bravo, et al. "La voz de nuestras aves: contribuciones de la bioacústica a la ornitología colombiana." Ornitología Colombiana, no. 23 (June 26, 2023): 3–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.59517/oc.e555.

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La bioacústica, o el estudio de los sonidos que producen los animales, es una herramienta que ha sido ampliamente usada en el estudio de las aves, con un incremento en el número de estudios que la aplican en las últimas décadas por su carácter poco invasivo y de relativo bajo costo. Aquí presentamos una revisión sistemática de las investigaciones sobre bioacústica aplicada a la ornitología colombiana en los últimos 22 años, identificando las principales temáticas que se abordan (e.g., taxonomía, inventarios y monitoreos, comportamiento, ecología), y exploramos la historia y el desarrollo de esta herramienta, y su impacto en la ornitología colombiana. Enfatizamos sobre la importancia del estudio evolutivo de la comunicación en aves y su papel en la delimitación e identificación de especies, las técnicas de monitoreo acústico, la ecología del paisaje y urbanización, y esclarecemos algunos aspectos neurobiológicos y de aprendizaje de las vocalizaciones. También destacamos el valor de las colecciones biológicas en el desarrollo de la bioacústica regional y abordamos la problemática de las limitaciones y los sesgos en la investigación científica que han subestimado la importancia de comportamientos poco estudiados como el canto de las hembras. Identificamos que los principales aportes de las investigaciones se centran en las descripciones acústicas y la sistemática. Además, detectamos un incremento en el número de publicaciones en torno a la ecología y el monitoreo acústico. Notamos que la mayoría de los estudios se han realizado sobre aves paseriformes oscines. El reservorio acústico de las aves del país representa más de 1,500 especies y está resguardado en la colección nacional de sonidos y en repositorios públicos. Finalmente, presentamos algunas reflexiones sobre el futuro y la aplicabilidad de esta herramienta en el país para incentivar el fortalecimiento de la bioacústica en el estudio de las aves colombianas y destacamos los enfoques de prioridad para su estudio.

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Oliveira, Thays Duarte de, Rafael Kretschmer, Natasha Avila Bertocchi, Analía del Valle Garnero, Edivaldo Herculano Corrêa de Oliveira, and Ricardo José Gunski. "Análise comparativa entre Conopophaga lineata e Gallus gallus." Semina: Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde 38, no. 1supl (February 16, 2018): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0367.2017v38n1suplp81.

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A ordem Passeriformes, subdividida em duas subordens Oscines e Suboscines, é a mais diversa e com o maior número de espécies de aves. Além disso, é a ordem com maior número de espécies analisadas por citogenética clássica. Quanto à citogenética molecular, existe até o momento 16 espécies analisadas, e apenas uma, Elaenia spectabilis, pertencente à subordem Suboscines. A espécie Conopophaga lineata, popularmente conhecida como chupa-dente, pertence à família Conopophagidae (Passeriformes, Suboscines) é encontrada na Mata Atlântica, no Brasil se distribui do Ceará ao Rio Grande do Sul. O objetivo foi construir mapa cromossômico comparativo desta espécie e Gallus gallus (GGA) para identificar homologias existentes. As metáfases foram obtidas através da cultura de fibroblastos de dois exemplares de C. lineata coletados em Porto Vera Cruz e São Gabriel no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para as Hibridizações in situ Fluorescente foram utilizadas sondas de cromossomos específicos de GGA (GGA1 a GGA10). As sondas de GGA evidenciaram a conservação sintênica da maioria dos macrocromossomos ancestrais em C. lineata, exceto para GGA1 e GGA2. No caso de GGA1 e GGA2, encontram-se fissionados em dois pares cada em C. lineata. A fissão do cromossomo 1 ancestral era esperada, pois foi encontrada em todas as espécies de Passeriformes estudadas até o momento, entretanto, não era esperado a fissão do cromossomo 2 ancestral em Passeriformes. A fim de investigar outros aspectos da organização cromossômica de C. lineata, identificamos a localização de genes ribossomais 18S rDNA marcando um par de microcromossomo. Com isso, podemos concluir que a caracterização dos cromossomos de C. lineata foi importante para compreender melhor a organização e evolução cromossômica da família Conopophagidae e da subordem Suboscines. Contudo, se fazem necessárias a utilização de outras ferramentas moleculares para a completa caracterização e compreensão da evolução cromossômica desta espécie.

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Lee, Sang-Kyu, Su-Hyeon Shim, Joon-Seob Eom, Jung-Il Cho, Jae-Ung Kwak, Seong-Cheol Eom, and Jong-Seong Jeon. "Cell Wall Invertases from Maternal Tissues Modulate Sucrose Flux in Apoplastic Pathways During Rice Anther and Seed Development." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 21 (October 28, 2024): 11557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms252111557.

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Efficient sucrose transport and metabolism are vital for seed and pollen development in plants. Cell wall invertases (CINs) hydrolyze sucrose into glucose and fructose, maintaining a sucrose gradient in the apoplast of sink tissues. In rice, two CIN isoforms, OsCIN1 and OsCIN2, were identified as being specifically expressed in the anthers but not in pollen. Functional analyses through genetic crosses and mutant characterization showed that oscin1/2 double mutants exhibit a sporophytic male-sterile phenotype and produce shrunken seeds. This suggests that CIN activity is essential for proper pollen development and seed formation in rice. Observation of the progeny genotypes and phenotypes from various genetic crosses revealed that the phenotype of oscin1/2 seeds is determined by the genotype of the maternal tissue, indicating the critical role of CIN function in the apoplast between maternal and filial tissues for sucrose transport and metabolism. The CIN activity in the anthers and seeds of wild-type rice was found to be significantly higher—over 500-fold in the anthers and 5-fold in the seeds—than in the leaves, highlighting the importance of CIN in facilitating the efficient unloading of sucrose. These findings suggest that the fine-tuning of CIN activity in the apoplast, achieved through tissue-specific expression and CIN isoform regulation, plays a key role in determining the carbohydrate distribution across different tissues. Understanding this regulatory mechanism could provide opportunities to manipulate carbohydrate allocation to sink organs, potentially enhancing crop yields.

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Matantseva, M. V. "METHODS FOR STUDYING SONGBIRD TERRITORIES." Зоологический журнал 102, no. 10 (October 1, 2023): 1127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044513423090088.

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Abstract:

A brief historical review is presented of the development of approaches to the study of the territorial space of songbirds (Oscines), using both older and modern research methods. The study of bird territoriality lasts more than a century, but there are still not only little-known aspects that remain in this direction, but also no consensus on terminology and methods. The description of the territorial space plays leading roles in such works. In turn, the classic objects of such research are songbirds demonstrating their territories by singing and defending them from invasion by other individuals. There have been many definitions of the term “territory” proposed, which reflect different concepts of territoriality. The most common definition of a territory thereby is a defended (conceptually) and demonstrated (operationally) space. As a rule, this space is a certain area, a projection of the real territory to the surface on the ground. In recent decades, however, publications have appeared on the topic of exploring territories as three-dimensional (3D) structures. The most effective method of field registration of territories remains the territory mapping method based on visual observations of tagged individuals, which has also been adapted for 3D-territories. Alternative approaches to the registration of territories, including radio telemetry, have significant limitations. In terms of quantitative data-processing methods, there has been a shift over the past decades from an analysis of territories as polygons to their analysis as kernel isopleths. This approach allows for not only the territory contours to be understood, but also the frequency of the use of different points within its limits to be assessed. A significant achievement in the recent years is the adaptation of the kernel methods to three-dimensional structures. It can be said that there is a need to study the territoriality of birds in a 3D-environment. Such research seems very promising because it can provide fundamentally new information on such things as habitat selection and space use, the formation of the spatial and ethological structure of settlements, the separation of territories under high population densities and limited resources, and both intra- and interspecific competition.

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50

Elliott, Chi. "Ballad of the Oscine." African American Review 43, no. 4 (2009): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/afa.2009.0054.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Oscines'

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