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Journal articles on the topic 'Oshana'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Meyers, Diana Tietjens. "Personal Autonomy in Societyby Marina Oshana." Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy 23, no. 2 (April 2008): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/hyp.2008.23.2.202.

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2

Noggle, Robert. "Marina Oshana, Personal Autonomy in Society." Journal of Value Inquiry 45, no. 2 (May 2011): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10790-011-9267-z.

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3

Switankowsky, Irene Sonia. "Personal Autonomy in Society. By Marina Oshana." Heythrop Journal 51, no. 2 (March 2010): 351–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2265.2009.00564_24.x.

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4

Mitonga, Kabwebwe Honore, Banza Françoise Mwikume, and Shilunga Anna Panduleni Kauko. "Community diagnosis in oshakati, oshana region -Namibia." International Journal of Medicine 5, no. 1 (February 25, 2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijm.v5i1.7257.

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This paper aimed to diagnose the community of Oshakati community in Oshana region in the northern part of the Republic of Namibia by providing an overall picture of the local community and the residents’ concerns, the health problems and challenges and suggest priority areas for health intervention and the feasible solutions.A survey was conducted using self-administered questionnaires, face to face interviews, focus groups.The main problems identified are: teenage pregnancies due to unprotected sex and early sexual behaviors, promiscuity by means of poverty, alcohol and drug abuse resulting in stab wounds, uncontrolled behaviors, domestic violence, assault and crime, high levels of unemployment, stress and depression, TB, HIV with growing number of orphans, diarrhea and respiratory infections.The survey conducted in Oshakati has shown that the assessment of the community is useful in identifying the important problems and needs for the community; the cultural, social, economic, environmental factors have to be considered for good health reform. The resources are available and should be utilized for active participation of the people and implication of the authorities in health promotion by identifying and prioritizing problems of the community they serve.
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Ishola, Anthony, and Kabwebwe Honore Mitonga. "School dropout among orphans in Oshana region - Namibia." International Journal of Health 5, no. 1 (December 7, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijh.v5i1.6893.

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This research seeks to investigate why some orphaned children drop out of school in Oshana region, Namibia, despite concerted efforts by the Government Republic of Namibia and other stake holders to keep them at school.The study aimed to identify the indicators preceding AIDS orphaned children dropping out of schools in the Oshana region-Namibia. A cross-sectional study, which adopted both quantitative and qualitative approaches, was used to gain a complete picture of the situation of orphans and school dropouts from the perspective of school teachers, learners, and orphans who have already dropped out of school. It was found that many orphans still face many challenges and to some, continuing with schooling is a luxury that is ill afforded. The total percentages of learners that dropped out of school are: 52.9% orphans in grades 7 and 8 in 2009 while 41.7% dropped out in 2010. Poor awareness of Government support initiatives, poor psychosocial support, leaving school to grieve the death of a parent and working to earn income, ranked amongst the highest reasons some orphans dropped out of school. Provision of material resources in addition to human torch as demonstrated by majority of life skill teachers towards the well-being of AIDS orphans have greatly ameliorated the self-worth and schooling of orphans.
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Shikulo, Peneyambeko Ipawa, Louise Pretorius, Ndapeua Shifiona, and Daniel Opotamutale Ashipala. "Knowledge on HIV Prevention Measures Among Male Learners in Secondary Schools in Oshana Region, Namibia." Global Journal of Health Science 11, no. 5 (March 29, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n5p10.

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Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has continued to pose significant social, economic and developmental challenges worldwide.The purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge on HIV prevention among male learners in secondary schools in Oshana Region. The objectives of the study were to: assess and describe the knowledge of male learners in Secondary Schools in Oshana Region about HIV preventive measures. A quantitative, cross sectional design, based on the self-report of the participants, was utilized to achieve the aim of the study. Findings of this study showed that 95.4% had knowledge that HIV can be prevented by consistent and correct use of a condom during sexual intercourse. It has become evident that much still need to be done to make HIV prevention among youth more effective.It is hereby recommended that the Ministry of Education takes the lead to educate the learners on HIV preventive and control measures.
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David, Sabina A., Agnes Van Dyk, and Daniel Opotamutale Ashipala. "Experiences of young adolescent mothers regarding adolescent motherhood in Oshana region." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 7, no. 12 (July 18, 2017): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v7n12p39.

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Background and objective: Adolescence is generally understood as a period of growing to maturity, transition from childhood to adulthood with physical and mental maturity. Nowadays girls enter puberty as young as 9 years which pose a health risk to adolescent pregnancy and early motherhood. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of adolescent mothers as regards motherhood in Oshana region.Methods: A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual study was conducted among adolescent mothers in Oshana Region of Namibia regards their experiences on adolescent motherhood. Thematic analysis following Tesch’s analysis process was employed.Results: The findings of this study revealed that having a baby at a younger age have a negative effect on their future plans. It is an unfortunate fact that emerged from the study that many adolescent mothers lack the required form of support or social assistance both during pregnancy and in raising their children in the economically driven world of today. It is an unfortunate fact that emerged from the study that many adolescent mothers lack the required form of support or social assistance both during pregnancy and in raising their children in the economically driven world of today. It appeared that having a child gives an added impetus to their lives; and they felt that every decision or step they made would impact their babies’ lives in one way or another.Conclusions: It appeared that having a child gives an added impetus to their lives; and they felt that every decision or step they made would impact their babies’ lives in one way or another. They experienced distorted inter-personal relationships with families and friends related to motherhood as well as challenges on bringing up a baby and baby care. However adolescent mothers also had future ambitions on education, support, relationships and job attainment.
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8

Meyers, Diana Tietjens. "Personal Autonomy in Society. By Marina Oshana. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2006." Hypatia 23, no. 2 (June 2008): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0887536700018109.

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9

NANGULA, S., and G. OBA. "Effects of artificial water points on the Oshana ecosystem in Namibia." Environmental Conservation 31, no. 1 (March 2004): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892904001079.

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In the semi-arid rangelands of the Oshana ecosystem in Northern Namibia, there are general concerns that artificial water points for domestic use contribute to the processes that lead to desertification. The processes begin in piospheres of artificial water points. Among the processes suggested to correlate with radial distance and age of water points are loss of perennial grass species, an increase in annuals, and general loss of herbaceous species richness, herbaceous biomass and grass cover, as well as an increase in forb cover and in bare ground and litter cover. Radial distance and age of artificial water points impacts were compared using these indicators with benchmarks in saline grassland and mopane landscape at the end of the wet season. Radial distance influenced herbaceous species richness, grass cover and bare ground, while the variability of the perennial:annual grass ratio, herbaceous biomass, forb and litter cover were attributed to differences between landscape types. Age of water points influenced only herbaceous species richness, while forb cover was associated more with water points than benchmarks. Forb cover was sporadic in relation to age of water points. In the Oshana ecosystem, therefore, radial-grazing distance could not be used to explain changes in the perennial:annual grass ratio. Many of the changes were explained by differences between landscape types. The mopane landscape was more vulnerable to degradation induced by artificial water points than the grassland landscape. The implication is that, in the future, greater care should be taken to space water points in the mopane landscape.
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10

Sankombo, Marian, Linda Lukolo, and Charles Lukanga Kanga Kimera. "Congenital abnormalities: experiences of parents atoshakati intermediate hospital, oshana region, Namibia." International Journal of Medicine 5, no. 2 (August 24, 2017): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijm.v5i2.8106.

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Background: Congenital abnormality (CA) is one among eminent problems in the society that affects the livelihood of the individual, communities and the health sector. It creates uncertainty among family members as they strive to identify ways and means to assist one another in the upbringing of these children born with an anomaly. The ultimate purpose of this study was to describe and explore the experiences of parents of children with congenital abnormalities and to identify the source of support such as parents employs when dealing with the child born with congenital abnormalities. This study was conducted at Intermediate Hospital Oshakati (IHO) in Namibia‘s Oshana region.Methods: A qualitative, explorative and a contextual study design using a phenomenological approach was utilized throughout this study. In-depth interviews were conducted with twelve “purposefully” selected participants from the population of parents of children born with congenital abnormalities whose children were either admitted in hospital or brought for follow-up. Data analysis was done using a content analytical method.Results: Data were derived from 12 participants interviewed, comprised of parents of children with reversible and irreversible conditions, long hospitalization, more frequent follow ups and those waiting for surgery. The results were categorized in seven categories, including: 1) A child with congenital abnormalities: the impact of disability; 2) Family relationships; 3) Parenting expectations and practices; 4) Altering one’s family daily life- treading a new path; 5) Social support; 6) Formal services; 7) Societal and community acceptance.Conclusion: The expectations parents had for a normal child becomes a nightmare when the child they were expecting is born with the disability. Living with such a child can be stressful for parents and other family members. Therefore, exploring and describing the lived experiences of parents of children born with congenital abnormalities is an important in the process of finding ways to assist or support parents to provide proper care for their children.
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Wu, Hao. "Online Assessment of Students’ Inductive Reasoning Skills Abilities in Oshana Region, Namibia." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES 21, no. 1-3 (October 15, 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31901/24566322.2018/21.1-3.1035.

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12

Niipare, Anna –Marie, Andries Jordaan, and Nguza Siyambango. "Flood Impacts in Oshana Region, Namibia: A Case Study of Cuvelai River Basin." Journal of Geography and Geology 12, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jgg.v12n1p8.

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Floods are among the global natural disasters that are known to have major negative societal effects. The extent of floods can determine the degree of impact to be made. Floods can cause extensive economic losses, consequently affecting livelihoods, businesses, infrastructures and basic services. This study investigated the impact of floods in communities within the Oshana Region in the northern areas of Namibia. Primary and secondary data were collected in efforts to understand the impact of floods, and the causes of vulnerability to such events. Loss of field crops, destruction of houses, destruction of roads and other infrastructure, and loss of human lives were the major flood impacts that have been identified. The study findings revealed that vulnerability to floods is mainly due to lack of resources, poverty, poor infrastructure, limited budget, inactive disaster risk management structures in the region, rapid population change, non-existing Early Warning System (EWS), lack of awareness of the flood impacts, low income, and the fact that many houses are headed by females. In the absence of coping strategies, communities mainly depend on external relief, particularly for temporary shelter and provision of basic needs. It was concluded that the ability of communities and individuals to cope with flood impacts is related to their culture, history, knowledge system, power dynamics and governance. A further conclusion was that, the vulnerability of communities in the Oshana Region resulted in reduced household resilience to flood disasters. The study recommended a further investigation into other flood prone regions in Namibia. Other notable recommendations included: • the availing of information on climate variability and best coping strategies in flood prone communities, • flood hazards awareness, • developing and implementing mitigation measures for flood disasters, • development of a policy on the construction of houses in efforts to avoid flood risks, • and the development of information communication channels for EWS.
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13

Marian, Sankombo, Emmanuel Magesa, and Nakakuwa Fillipine. "Experiences of Mothers of Children Born with Celebral Palsy in Oshana Region: Namibia." Global Journal of Health Science 12, no. 1 (December 15, 2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v12n1p72.

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Cerebral Palsy is a neurological disorder caused by a non-progressive brain injury or malformation that occurs while the child's brain is under development. This type of birth defects, pose a public health concern to the society, immediate family members and individual parents. The parents’ expectations to have a normal child becomes a nightmare when the child they were expecting is born with cerebral palsy. Therefore, revealing the experiences of mothers of children born with Cerebral Palsy is important in the process of finding ways to support these mothers and their children. The study explores and describes the experience of mothers of children with cerebral palsy. A qualitative approach following phenomenological, explorative and descriptive design was used to explore and reveal the experiences of mothers of children with Cerebral Palsy. The population for this particular study consisted of mothers of children with cerebral palsy in Oshana region and a sample was drawn from this population using purposive sampling method. Data were collected through indepth interview with 12 (twelve) mothers. The transcribed interviews and narratives from the research notes were organised into codes, main themes and sub-themes. Mothers were shocked, worried and were in the state of disbelief when they learnt about the condition of their children. They felt guilty about the child’s disability and blamed themselves as the reason for the disability of their children. They were traumatized by a family member or spouse who failed to accept the child with cerebral palsy. In order to alleviate the psychological stress, trauma, pain and disappointments, it is of utmost importance to develop an educational support program in the form of a stress coping framework to support these mothers to cope with the high stress levels. centers where they can overcome their psychological problem. There is a need for a coordinating body or counselling centers where parents of children with cerebral palsy should be referred after the final diagnosis is made to give appropriate direction and couselling to these parents, thus reducing stress levels.  
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Emmanuel Magesa, Johanna Hanyanya, and Wakjira Erraso. "Patient’s satisfaction at outpatient pharmacy department in Intermediate Hospital Oshakati, Oshana region, Namibia." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 14, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 022–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.14.2.0040.

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Introduction: Patient waiting time Experience of waiting time in general is perceived as complex, subjective and culturally influenced. Complexity of prescription, few human resources and work process are the factors of patient waiting time in outpatient pharmacy departments (OPD). However, the complexity of wait time is poorly understood and has been explored only to a limited extent. Objective of the study: The main objective of this study is to assess patient satisfactions on waiting time at Intermediate Hospital Oshakati (IHO), northern part of Namibia. Method: The study was carried out at IHQuantitative descriptive design was employed and data collected was analyzed using Epi info version 7. Results: The mean waiting time in IHO was 36±20 minutes. More patients (49.2%) were satisfied with OPD pharmacy when the waiting time is between 5-25 minutes. The major factors associated with the satisfaction of services were shorter waiting time (0.01 <p<0.05) and other personal reasons like long distance from the hospital (0.03<p<0.05). Conclusion and recommendation: Many patients are satisfied if waiting time is between 5-25 minutes, therefore there is a need to improve waiting time by decongest patients overload at IHO, this can be achieved by improving coordination and communication between IHO and Primary health care (PHC) facilities.
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Neshuku, Hanna, and Amukugo Hans Justus. "Implementation and evaluation of an educational programme to support registered nurses during clinical supervision of student nurses in medical and surgical wards in a training health facility, Namibia." International Journal of Advanced Nursing Studies 5, no. 1 (December 10, 2015): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijans.v5i1.5344.

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<p>The purpose of this paper is to provide an account of the implementation and evaluation of the educational programme was to support registered nurses in the Oshana region, Namibia educationally, in order to enable them to provide effective clinical supervision of student nurses The researcher selected to conduct a workshop because during a workshop it is possible to have two-way communication that encouraged the exchange of ideas and facts with the aim of sharing valued information among one another. The duration of the workshop was two days. The workshop was attended by registered nurses (registered nurses from a training institution and training health facilities) from the Oshana Region. Participants were selected using a criterion sampling method (registered nurses who were supervising second and third year nursing students during clinical practice; those registered nurses were from medical and surgical wards at training heath facilities in the Oshana Region and had been working there for a year or more). There were no limitations on the number / sample size; the researcher allowed all participants who turned up to attend the workshop resulted in seventeen participants attended the workshop. The programme was implemented in three phases which in turn was divided into sessions. The orientation phase provided an introduction to the workshop where aspects related to the purpose, goals, and objectives of the workshop and logistical arrangements of the implementation of the programme were discussed. The working phase consisted of three sessions which is corresponding to the programme objectives. The implementation of each session was based on the specific objective activities of that session and it was expected to produce an outcome that would help the registered nurses during the execution of their clinical supervisory duties of nursing students During the termination phase two qualitative evaluations were done firstly, the evaluation of the programme implementation for participants to describe their experiences from the programme activities. Secondary, post implementation evaluation or impact evaluation was done, two months after the implementation of the programme with the aim of assessing the long-term effects of the programme activities as might be signified by changes in the way of clinical supervision of student nurses was provided after the programme implementation.</p><p>The results of the programme implementation evaluation indicated a strong feasibility for implementation as could be inferred from the successful implementation of the programme activities as planned and by the programme contentment with the context of implementation. The post evaluation outcome evaluation indicated that the participant find the programme worthwhile and demonstrated a positive attitudes towards the programme as they were satisfied with the programme tried to implement the knowledge gained during their routine activities and recommended the decentralization of the programme.</p>
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Iita, Ananias, and Sakaria M. Iipinge. "The Implementation of New Religious and Moral Education Curriculum in Post-Independent Namibia." Msingi Journal 1, no. 2 (August 27, 2018): 58–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33886/mj.v1i2.77.

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This paper investigated the perceptions of Religious and Moral Education (RME) teachers with regard to the implementation of RME syllabus in Namibia. The paper engages a crucial global debate on paradigms for teaching religion and moral values while contributing to the literature through research in the Ompundja Circuit of Oshana Region, Namibia. Contrary to the previous colonial era when Christianity was the only recognized religion, the Republic of Namibia adopted a new constitution making it a secular state upon independence in 1990. This new constitution, however, brought new challenges to teachers who were previously trained only to teach Biblical Studies as a school subject. With this new constitution, Namibia adopted a policy of teaching a multi-cultural religious and moral education curriculum. The teaching of RME replaced Biblical Studies in the Namibian curriculum. Teachers are now required to make their learners aware of the different religious and moral values of Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, African traditional religions, Bahai and others inextricably. This, paper, therefore, presents findings from a case study research conducted at Ompundja Circuit of Oshana Region in Namibia that examined the perceptions of Religious and Moral Education (RME) teachers with regard to the implementation of RME syllabus. Fourteen teachers from selected schools participated in this study. Teachers were interviewed, observed and later completed a set of questionnaire. Findings indicated that teachers’individual religious and moral values shaped the teaching and learning process; teachers’ individual religious and moral values played a major role regarding conflicting concerns over RME; and as most RME teachers were Christian, they felt a commitment to share their personal Christian religious beliefs and moral values. The paper recommends that teachers be provided with the necessary teaching resources and be trained to develop more confidence and broad understanding of RME as a subject.
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Blankschaen, Kurt. "Social Dimensions of Moral Responsibility, edited by Katrina Hutchison, Catriona Mackenzie, and Marina Oshana." Journal of Moral Philosophy 17, no. 2 (April 15, 2020): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17455243-01702008.

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Steffan, August Wilhelm. "Totengemeinschaften von Gliederfüßern im Überschwemmungsbereich von Salzpfannen im Ovamboland / Namibien (Arthropoda: Solifugae, Scorpiones, Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Insecta)." Entomologia Generalis 23, no. 4 (March 1, 1999): 281–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/entom.gen/23/1999/281.

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Knutsen, Hege M. "Black entrepreneurs, local embeddedness and regional economic development in Northern Namibia." Journal of Modern African Studies 41, no. 4 (December 2003): 555–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x03004385.

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The article addresses possibilities and barriers to economic activity and development in the Oshana region of Northern Namibia. The focus is on the role of local embeddedness of economic activities in attaining economic development. A network perspective, based on theories of value chains that are embedded both in social relations and spatially, is selected as the analytical framework. The value chains of local black entrepreneurs in the study area are short. Moreover, the analysis reveals that social obligations may impede economic development, but that such practices are diminishing. The economic dominance and competition from South Africa is the main impediment to economic development in Northern Namibia. Local political embeddedness is shallow and political measures have not significantly reduced the implications of this dominance.
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Bransen, J. "The Importance of How We See Ourselves: Self-Identity and Responsible Agency * By MARINA OSHANA." Analysis 72, no. 1 (November 25, 2011): 198–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/analys/anr147.

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21

Tobias, Elina I., and Sourav Mukhopadhyay. "Disability and Social Exclusion." Psychology and Developing Societies 29, no. 1 (March 2017): 22–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971333616689203.

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This article explores the experiences of social exclusion of individuals with visual impairment (IWVI) as they negotiate their daily lives in their homes and societal settings in the Oshana and Oshikoto regions of Namibia. Employing qualitative research approach, this research tried to better understand the lived experiences of IWVI. Nine IWVI with ages ranging from 30 to 90 years were initially engaged in focus group discussions, followed by semi-structured in-depth individual interviews. The findings of this research indicated that IWVI experience exclusion from education, employment and social and community participation as well as relationships. Based on these findings, we suggest more inclusive policies to address social exclusion of IWVI. At the same time, this group of individuals should be empowered to participate in community activities to promote interaction with people without visual impairments.
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Herr, Ranjoo Seodu. "Islamist Women's Agency and Relational Autonomy." Hypatia 33, no. 2 (2018): 195–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hypa.12402.

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Mainstream conceptions of autonomy have been surreptitiously gender‐specific and masculinist. Feminist philosophers have reclaimed autonomy as a feminist value, while retaining its core ideal as self‐government, by reconceptualizing it as “relational autonomy.” This article examines whether feminist theories of relational autonomy can adequately illuminate the agency of Islamist women who defend their nonliberal religious values and practices and assiduously attempt to enact them in their daily lives. I focus on two notable feminist theories of relational autonomy advanced by Marina Oshana and Andrea Westlund and apply them to the case of Women's Mosque Movement participants in Egypt. I argue that feminist conceptions of relational autonomy, centered around the ideal of self‐government, cannot elucidate the agency of Women's Mosque Movement participants whose normative ideal involves perfecting their moral capacity.
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Iyambo, Maria Tegelela, Louis Small, Agnes Van Dyk, and Esther Kamenye. "A description of the guidelines for family members on how to cope and support a person with a head injury." International Journal of Health 5, no. 1 (March 22, 2017): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijh.v5i1.7384.

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The purpose of this article is to describe the guidelines for the family members on how to cope and support a person with a head injury. A qualitative explorative, descriptive and contextual research design was conducted utilizing individual in-depth face-to-face interview to gather data from family members of a person with a head injury. This study was conducted in three of the northern regions of Namibia, i.e. Oshana, Omusati and Ohangwena. Data was analyzed using Tech’s method for content analysis.The results of this study showed that family members of a person with head a injury had varied and different experiences varying from different feelings, challenges and support to them.Based on these findings, the guidelines were developed to assist the family members of a person with a head injury on how to cope and support the person with a head injury. These guidelines may be implemented by any family who are taking care of a person with a head injury.
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Diana Abdul Majid, Noor, Dzulkarnain Zaini, and Azmi Mohd Shariff. "Managing Employee Participation based on OSHA’s Process Safety Management Requirements." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.26 (August 14, 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.26.17453.

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A report published on 25 April 2016 stated that OSHA has issued 14 serious violations after an investigation conducted in a variety of industries including manufacturing, water treatment and oil and gas that violated OSHA's Process Safety Management (PSM) standard. One of the violations is related to the 29 CFR 1910.119(c)(2) which is employers did not consult with employees and their representatives on the conduct and development of the OSHA’s PSM elements which are process safety information (PSI), process hazard analyses (PHA), training (TNG), mechanical integrity (MI), management of change (MOC), pre-start up safety review (PSSR), contractors (CON), incident investigations (II), emergency planning and response (EPR), compliance audit (CA) and trade secret (TS). 29 CFR1910.119(c)(2) is one of the requirements in the OSHA’s PSM employee participation element. However, companies are still struggling to comply with this regulation due to unclear coverage and the implementation method for achieving compliance. Thus, this paper presents a framework and work-aid tool developed based on OSHA’s PSM 29 CFR 1910.119(c) which are helpful to the industries as they provide structured technique to plan and implement an employee's participation management system to achieve compliance in implementing the OSHA PSM employee participation element.
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Kuugongelwa, Suama, and Louis F. Small. "Assessment of experiences of survivors of cerebro-vascular accidents and their caregivers functioning at home in the Oshana region of Namibia." International Journal of Advanced Nursing Studies 4, no. 2 (October 28, 2015): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijans.v4i2.5164.

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<p>In the wake of a cerebro-vascular accident, survivor and caregiver are often apprehensive about being on their own at home; this is particularly so for those living in low socioeconomic circumstances in the rural areas of Namibia. The situation is aggravated by the fact that there is no structured system of home visits by health workers that could assist caregivers in their daily tasks. Phenomenological interviews were therefore conducted to explore how these caregivers cope with providing home care to the survivors of such accidents. The findings that emerged were categorised into four themes, namely, survivors were unable to provide self-care and were dependent on others for help, the altered role function and performance of survivors, negative emotions because of altered self-esteem, and disrupted social interaction. These experiences together illustrate that some survivors are unable to take care of themselves at all and depend completely on their caregivers for help.</p>
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R., Pieters W., and Hasheela C. "Investigating The Exhaustion of Police officers, Selected Regions Within Namibia." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 3(J) (July 19, 2018): 84–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i3.2319.

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Recent studies showed that suicide among police officers are prevalent in certain countries . Burnout and subjective health complaints are considered as risks that are consistent with high levels of suicide ideation. Police officers are exposed to life-threatening traumatic experiences, such as physical assault or witnessing disturbing images of death. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between job demands- resources, authentic leadership, work engagement and burnout within the Namibian Police Force. A cross - sectional survey design was used collecting data about police officers in the Erongo, Oshana and Khomas regions (n=369). Data was analysed using SPPS (version, 24) and Pearson product correlations. Results indicated that when police officers experience high a workload and leaders who do not engage in the moral and ethical behaviour, they will experience higher levels of exhaustion. Factors like organisational support and resources also seemed to impact on work engagement. To reduce exhaustion and increase engagement, it is vital that the police force assesses person-job fit, implement stress management and wellness programmes to help employees cope better with work demands. Moral and ethical behaviour can be enhanced through leadership training/development. Improving on colleague relations (team building) and through mentorship programmes employees would have access to social support at work, buffering a high workload.
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Chataika, Barthlomew, Levi Akundabweni, Enoch G. Achigan-Dako, Julia Sibiya, Kingdom Kwapata, and Benisiu Thomas. "Diversity and Domestication Status of Spider Plant (Gynandropsis gynandra, L.) amongst Sociolinguistic Groups of Northern Namibia." Agronomy 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010056.

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Knowledge on the diversity and domestication levels of the spider plant (Gynandropsis gynandra) has the potential to affect pre-breeding for client-preferred traits, yet information is scarce in Namibia due to limited research. We investigated indigenous knowledge on the species diversity and domestication levels in the regions of Kavango West, Ohangwena, Omusati, Oshana, and Oshikoto of northern Namibia. Semi-structured interviews involving 100 randomly selected farming households, four key informant interviews, and a focus group discussion were conducted. Descriptive and chi-square tests were conducted using IBM SPSS version 20. Out of the possible four morphotypes, the results suggested that only one with green stem and green petiole existed and was associated with soils rich in organic manure. Spider plant abundance was reported to be on the decline, due to declining soil fertility. On a scale of 0 (wild species) to 6 (highest level of domestication), an index of 1.56 was found and this implied very low domestication levels. Furthermore, the study found significant differences in the trends of domestication across the sociolinguistic groups (χ2 (12, N = 98) = 46.9, p < 0.001) and regions studied (χ2 (12, N = 100) = 47.8, p < 0.001), suggesting cultural and geographical influences. In conclusion, the findings constituted an important precedent for guiding subsequent pre-breeding efforts.
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Kuugongelwa, Suama, and Louis Small. "A home-based health care programme to facilitate coping in survivors of cerebro-vascular accidents and their Caregivers in Oshana Region, Namibia." International Journal of Advanced Nursing Studies 5, no. 2 (July 5, 2016): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijans.v5i2.6278.

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A cerebro-vascular accident entails the sudden death of brain cells resulting from a problem with the blood supply. The patient is consequently left with varying degrees of disability, and usually requires the assistance of a caregiver. This article describes the development of a home-based health care programme intended to facilitate optimal functioning, which formed the final phase of a qualitative study that explored and described the experiences of survivors of cerebrovascular accidents and their caregivers. The development of this programme was based on the four themes that emerged from the original study and which were conceptualised by applying Dickoff, James and Wiedenbach’s (1968) practice theory. These four themes were restructured as four dynamics, namely, reframing knowledge and skills regarding self-care, modifying the daily routine, assisting with the adjustment to altered social relationships, and reframing negative emotions. The programme was implemented over four days and an evaluation was done after two months. The feedback revealed that the survivors and their caregivers had benefitted with regard to the skills and knowledge gained from the educational programme.
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Kuugongelwa, Suama, and Louis Small. "A conceptual framework for facilitating optimal functioning by survivors of cerebro-vascular accidents and their caregivers at home in Oshana Region, Namibia." International Journal of Advanced Nursing Studies 5, no. 2 (September 23, 2016): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijans.v5i2.6482.

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Providing care for the survivors of a cerebro-vascular accident in home settings is an increasingly common practice. Accordingly, a conceptual framework was developed with the aim of establishing guidelines for the implementation of a support programme to enable survivors and their caregivers to function optimally at home. The framework involves the attributes of the agent (lecturer as a facilitator), the recipients (survivors and caregivers), the context (the home setting), the procedures for enabling optimal functioning and, finally, the terminus, which is defined at optimal functioning for both the survivors and their caregivers.
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Nengomasha, Cathrine Tambudzai, Ruth Abankwah, Wilhelm Uutoni, and Lilian Pazvakawambwa. "Health information systems in Namibia." Information and Learning Science 119, no. 7/8 (July 9, 2018): 358–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ils-03-2018-0015.

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Purpose This paper aims to report some findings of a study that investigated health information systems (HISs) in Namibia with a view of establishing the nature of these systems and coming up with recommendations on how these could be enhanced. Design/methodology/approach This study applied a mixed methods research approach, using interviews and survey questionnaire to collect data. Survey data were analysed for descriptive statistics using SPSS and data from interviews were analysed applying content analysis for data analysis. Findings The findings of this study indicate fragmented HISs resulting in duplication of diagnosis, tests and treatment. The findings show that there were errors in capturing data into the systems, which could compromise the reliability of the data and compromise service delivery. Research limitations/implications This study was limited to two (Khomas and Oshana) of the fourteen regions in Namibia; therefore, further studies could look at other regions, as the study findings cannot be generalised to the entire country. Practical implications The findings and recommendations, particularly those relating to the public health sector, could inform policies and procedures, especially those relating to the patient health passport (card), and the way health information is shared within and across health sectors. Originality/value This study focused on health information sharing, whereas a previous study on HISs concentrated on quality of healthcare.
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Kambeyo, Linus, and Benő Csapó. "Online Assessment of Scientific Reasoning Skills and Motivation to Learn Science among Grade 5 and 7 Students in Northern Namibia." Journal of Studies in Education 9, no. 4 (November 17, 2019): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jse.v9i4.15598.

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This study aimed to assess students’ scientific reasoning skills using an online assessment method and explore the relationship between their reasoning skills and motivation to learn science. Research participants were 270 Grade 5 and 346 Grade 7 students in the Oshana region of Namibia. The online reasoning skills test consisted of 36 items with 16 tasks assessing conservation, proportional, correlational and probabilistic reasoning, and logical operations in a science context. The five point Likert scale Science Motivation Questionnaire II consisted of 25 items with five subscales. Tasks were developed within and delivered by the eDia platform via the Internet. The reliability of the reasoning skills test was acceptable (Cronbach’s alpha=.74), and it was very good for the Science Motivation Questionnaire (Cronbach’s alpha=.91). The reasoning skill tasks were moderately difficult for the students: M=40.56%; SD=13.47%. One-parameter Rasch analyses showed that there were few items to differentiate students at the low skill levels. Task analysis showed major obstacles in students’ reasoning skills for science learning. Students reported that they were moderately motivated to learn science. A weak correlation was found between the tested scientific reasoning skills and motivation to learn science (r=.21, p<.01). The study suggests that the basic ICT infrastructures in Namibian schools should be improved to exploit the advantages of online assessment.
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Neshuku, Hanna, and Amukugo Hans Justus. "Description of an educational programme developed to support registered nurses during clinical supervision of student nurses in medical and surgical wards in a training health facility: Namibia." International Journal of Advanced Nursing Studies 5, no. 1 (December 10, 2015): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijans.v5i1.5343.

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<p>This paper describes an educational programme interventions developed to support registered nurses during the clinical supervision of student nurses in the medical and surgical wards of a training hospital in the Oshana region, Namibia.</p><p>The programme developed contained the purpose and goals of the programme, programme objectives, programme structure, processes and approaches. The programme catered for the following themes: Managerial challenges, educational challenges and non-conducive environment as was experienced by registered nurses and student nurses in order to support them during clinical supervision. It includes the activities to address managerial challenges as identified to be affecting the clinical supervision of student nurses; this is to address educational challenges identified during clinical supervision of student nurses. Furthermore, the programme contains activities focused on providing registered nurses with knowledge and skills on clinical supervision, in order to increase their understanding and competence about the clinical supervision of student nurses. Another activity included interventions for enhancing positive interpersonal relationships and good communication skills to improve effective interactions between registered nurses and student nurses. This study made it possible for the development of an educational programme that enable the registered nurses to receive the much needed information pertaining to the clinical supervision of student nurses, and served as a guide and support tool when carrying out clinical supervision of student nurses.</p><p>In conclusion the study was justified as an original contribution to the existing body of knowledge in general health nursing science.</p>
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Osakwe, Jude Odiakaosa, Dlodlo Nomusa, and Nobert Jere. "The Usage Pattern of Mobile Devices among High School Teachers in the Oshana and Oshikoto Regions towards the Adoption of Mobile Learning in Namibian High Schools." International Journal of Science and Technology Education 1, no. 1 (October 20, 2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26762/ijste.2017.50000001.

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Shikalepo, Elock Emvula, and Selma Ndeyapo Kandjengo. "Limitations Facing the Development of Learner Leadership in Education." European Journal of Education and Pedagogy 2, no. 3 (July 22, 2021): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejedu.2021.2.3.113.

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The Namibian Basic Education Act No. 3 of 2020 mandates schools to establish Learner Representative Councils. Learner Representative Councils are management bodies at schools comprising of learner leaders, as supporting leaders to the overall school leadership. The purpose of the study was to establish the challenges facing the development of learner leaders in schools. A case study design was used for the study, involving a school principal, teachers, and learners in Oshana Region. All participants were selected using purposive sampling technique. The data was collected using document analysis, semi-structured questionnaires, and interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyse textual data. The study found out that the development of learner leadership was constrained by the absence of policy directives which could drive development efforts for learner leadership. Apart from the Education Act which provides a legal framework for establishing learner leadership structures, important Regulations for enforcing and developing learner leadership were missing at the case study school. Learner leaders were also found to be influenced by peer pressure in the conduct of their leadership work. Learner leaders were not confident enough to stand by their own position and perform their leadership roles as they were afraid of losing relationship with their peers, making their peers approve most of their actions. In addition, learner leaders were finding it difficult to express themselves in English, which difficulties has lowered their confidence levels as leaders, becoming shy to express themselves as capable leaders. It becomes clear that the development of learner leaders in schools was faced by challenges that inhibited effective development of learner leaders into capable junior leaders of the school.
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Pinehas, Lusia N., Ester Mulenga, and Julia Amadhila. "Factors that hinder the academic performance of the nursing students who registered as first years in 2010 at the University of Namibia (UNAM), Oshakati Campus in Oshana, Namibia." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 7, no. 8 (March 14, 2017): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v7n8p63.

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The University of Namibia (UNAM) is the only national university in Namibia that was established in 1992. It offers diploma and degree courses. The Bachelor of Nursing Science (Clinical) (Honours) was introduced in 2008 after the Diploma in Comprehensive Nursing Science was phased out. This degree is offered over the period of four years full-time. Students are allocated to the clinical practice throughout the training to acquire the relevant nursing skills. At the time of research the course was offered at two campuses only namely Windhoek and Oshakati. The total number of students who were admitted in 2010 was 83, but at the time of the research when they were in their fourth year, there were only 59. The difference of 24 was the students who could not make it to the fourth year and finish in the prescribed time frame. The lecturers were concerned with the poor performance of the students, the increased number of students with some modules behind, and the overcrowding of some classes. The purpose of the study was to identify, explore and describe the factors that hinder the academic performance of the nursing students at the UNAM Oshakati campus. The study was conducted among nursing students who registered for the Bachelor of Nursing Science (Clinical) (Honours) in 2010. The study was qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual in nature using non-probability purposive sampling. The findings revealed that the academic performance of student nurses at the University of Namibia Oshakati campus is influenced by both internal and external factors. However, external factors are many compared to internal factors. External related factors comprise of teaching and learning, insufficient resources, lack of university accommodation, curriculum related and socio-economic factors. Teaching and learning related factors include use of one teaching strategy, language barriers, inadequate support and labeling of students by lecturers. On the other hand, insufficient resources are unavailability of the bookshop on campus, insufficient prescribed textbooks, poor internet facility, lack of space and less equipped library. Curriculum related factors include overloaded examination time table, huge scope of test, study day system and module pre-requisites, while socio-economic factors are problems in relationships, peer influence, financial problems and pregnancy while studying. Internal factors comprise of students’ attitude and lack of self-discipline among some students. Those factors result in increased number of students with some modules behind, overcrowding of some classes, increased student-lecturer ratio and some students not completing their studies within the prescribed time frame.
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Mulenga, Ester, Sabina Aisheoiwa David, and Lucia Ndahambelela Pinehas. "Taboos, traditional practices and beliefs affecting pregnancy and childbirth in Ohangwena, Oshana and Oshikoto Region: University of Namibia fourth year nursing students’ rural placement experience of 2016, Oshakati campus, Namibia." International Journal of Advanced Nursing Studies 7, no. 1 (June 5, 2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijans.v7i1.12165.

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Traditional beliefs and practices can influence the health of the people. The purpose of this article was to describe taboos and traditional practices related to pregnancy and childbirth. There was no actual research done, but taboos and traditional practices were identified during rural placement of nursing students in rural health facilities. The results indicated that there are different taboos and traditional practices related to pregnancy and childbirth, some of them are beneficial and others are detrimental to the health of the mother and the baby. In conclusion, there is a need for health care providers to strengthen health education on the importance of diet and also to educate mothers and community members on the taboos which have negative effect on the mother and babies.
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Nehuku, Hanna, and Hans Justus Amukugo. "Development of an educational programme to support registered nurses during clinical supervision of student nurses in medical and surgical wards in a training health facility, in the oshana region, Namibia." International Journal of Medicine 3, no. 2 (September 4, 2015): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijm.v3i2.5128.

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<p>This paper describes the processes of developing an educational programme intervention which was carried out following three phases namely:</p><p>Phase (1) one situation analysis which was carried out to explore and describe the lived experiences of registered nurses and student nurses regarding the clinical supervision of student nurses in medical and surgical wards. Phase 2 was about conceptualization, and of the frame work to guide the development of an educational programme to support registered nurses during the clinical supervision of student nurses. Phase 3 was about the development of an educational programme to support registered nurses during clinical supervision of student nurses.</p><p>The development of the conceptual framework, which led to the development of the programme to support registered nurses during the clinical supervision of student nurses, proves that this study makes an original contribution to the body of knowledge.</p>
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Tuhadeleni, Olivia Ningeninawa, and Linda Ndeshipandula Lukolo. "The perceptions of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and treatment supporters with regard to their role towards ART adherence, at ART clinics in the intermediate hospital Oshakati, Namibia." International Journal of Medicine 5, no. 1 (January 13, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijm.v5i1.6999.

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Background: The benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART) are undeniable: decreased morbidity and mortality, improved clinical outcomes, and decreased HIV transmission. In recent years, there have been remarkable efforts to roll out HIV support and treatment programs, resulting in ART access to nearly 4 million people in sub-Saharan Africa. However, a decisive step in improving outcomes of these programs relies on ART adherence. This study was conducted by aiming at exploring and describing the perceptions of patients on ART and treatment supporters about their roles in ART adherence. It was carried out at Oshakati ART clinic in the Intermediate Hospital Oshakati in Oshana region, Northern Namibia.Methods: The qualitative investigation was carried out on patients on ART and treatment supporters by means of unstructured interviews through convenient sampling technique. The data were analysed by content analytical method.Results: The study results from all respondents were consolidated, which gave a clear understanding regarding adherence at the ART clinic in Intermediate Hospital Oshakati. The perceptions of patients on ART and treatment supporters with regard to their role towards ART adherence were classified based on participants’ experiences into two main themes and sub-themes, including: 1) ART patients’ perceptions around their current roles in ART adherence comprise of four sub-themes of ART patients’ perceptions about taking medication daily, perceptions about collection of medicine supply and follow-up visits, perceptions about food and medication and perceptions about support in ART treatment; 2) Treatment supporters’ perceptions about their role in ART adherence consist of four sub-themes of perceptions about follow-up visits and collection of medicine, perceptions about psychosocial and emotional support, perceptions about giving food and medication and perceptions about encouraging personal hygiene.Conclusion: Patients and treatment supporters perceived adherence as an important aspect in the success of antiretroviral treatment. Giving patients correct information, personal motivation, patients understanding of treatment, traditional and religious beliefs were among other factors perceived by treatment supporters to be impacting on ART adherence.
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Braverman, Doreen. "Oshawa, Ontario." Raven: A Journal of Vexillology 18 (2011): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/raven20111866.

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Tarlau, Eileen Senn. "Playing Industrial Hygiene to Win." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 1, no. 4 (February 1992): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ns1.4.k.

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ITEM — Numerous workers become sensitized to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) at a plant manufacturing foam automobile seats. Personal air sampling conducted by corporate industrial hygienists consistently shows levels of TDI to be within all legal and recommended standards. ITEM — Dozens of workers in a new office building suffer eye, nose and throat irritation. Vendors who supplied the furniture, partitions and carpeting all reveal that they used formaldehyde in their products. Air samples collected by an indoor air quality consultant, however, show formaldehyde levels in compliance with the new Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standard. ITEM — Workers at a construction site become ill and bulk samples of the soil reveal high levels of phenols and many other chemicals. Industrial hygienists from OSHA collect personal air samples but can find no violations of OSHA's Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs). ITEM — Machinery noise levels at a carburetor rebuilding factory create stressful working conditions and damage workers' hearing. An OSHA industrial hygienist measures noise levels high enough for management to require workers to wear ear plugs but not high enough to require management to quiet the machinery.
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Rosner, David, and Gerald Markowitz. "A Short History of Occupational Safety and Health in the United States." American Journal of Public Health 110, no. 5 (May 2020): 622–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305581.

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As this short history of occupational safety and health before and after establishment of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) clearly demonstrates, labor has always recognized perils in the workplace, and as a result, workers’ safety and health have played an essential part of the battles for shorter hours, higher wages, and better working conditions. OSHA’s history is an intimate part of a long struggle over the rights of working people to a safe and healthy workplace. In the early decades, strikes over working conditions multiplied. The New Deal profoundly increased the role of the federal government in the field of occupational safety and health. In the 1960s, unions helped mobilize hundreds of thousands of workers and their unions to push for federal legislation that ultimately resulted in the passage of the Mine Safety and Health Act of 1969 and the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. From the 1970s onward, industry developed a variety of tactics to undercut OSHA. Industry argued over what constituted good science, shifted the debate from health to economic costs, and challenged all statements considered damaging.
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McDiarmid, Melissa, Melissa J. Gamponia, Margaret A. K. Ryan, Jon Mark Hirshon, N. A. Gillen, and Maureen Cox. "Tuberculosis in the Workplace: OSHA's Compliance Experience." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 17, no. 3 (March 1996): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700006469.

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AbstractObjective:Inspections of 272 facilities were performed between May 1992 and October 1994 to determine compliance with applicable Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requirements for prevention of tuberculosis (TB) transmission.Design:Retrospective record review of two data sources: (1) OSHA's Computerized Integrated Management Information System and (2) an inspector-completed questionnaire on inspection results.Setting/Participants:Inspections of five types of facilities: healthcare institutions, correctional facilities, homeless shelters, long-term–care facilities for the elderly, and others, including drug treatment centers that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identified as having a higher than expected rate of TB.Methods:The OSHA Compliance Memorandum, based on the 1990 CDC Guidelines, which outlined elements of a TB prevention program, was used in performing 272 inspections of facilities between May 1992 and October 1994. Elements of compliance were recorded and reviewed from the IMIS database and inspectors' questionnaires.Results:Regulated facilities were not fully compliant with OSHA guidance. Generally, healthcare facilities performed better than other facilities. Most facilities (79%) were compliant with administrative elements of a comprehensive TB control program, such as early identification of known or suspected infectious TB patients and skin testing of workers. Only 29% of inspected facilities were found to have acceptable respiratory protection programs for the prevention of occupational TB.Conclusion:Facilities have not been fully compliant with the OSHA memorandum describing protection of workers from TB. Facility compliance was better with some traditionally recognized TB infection control elements, but was weaker in the area of respiratory protection programs. This may reflect a lack of familiarity with the latter type of hazard protection.
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Schubert, Grant. "Oshian." African American Review 47, no. 2-3 (2014): 440–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/afa.2014.0033.

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Li, Ling, and Perry Singleton. "The Effect of Workplace Inspections on Worker Safety." ILR Review 72, no. 3 (September 27, 2018): 718–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019793918801575.

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The US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) enforces safety regulations through workplace inspections. The authors estimate the effect of inspections on worker safety by exploiting a feature of OSHA’s Site-Specific Targeting plan. The program targeted establishments for inspection if their baseline case rate exceeded a cutoff. This approach generated a discontinuous increase in inspections, which the authors exploit for identification. Using the fuzzy regression discontinuity model, they find that inspections decrease the rate of cases that involve days away from work, job restrictions, and job transfers in the calendar year immediately after the inspection cycle. They find no effect for other case rates or in subsequent years. Effects are most evident in manufacturing and less evident in health services, the largest two-digit industries represented in the data.
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Burns, Maya. "Will Kwan, Terra Economicus." Journal of Curatorial Studies 10, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jcs_00037_7.

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Freeman, Christopher, Helmut Krauch, and Keith Pavitt. "Keichi Oshima." Research Policy 18, no. 5 (October 1989): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(89)90052-8.

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Nowell-Smith, Geoffrey. "Oshima Revisited." Film Quarterly 64, no. 2 (2010): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.2010.64.2.19.

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Nagisa Oshima's films of the 1960s made him a darling of left-wing cinephiles, who responded to their radicalism and embraced it as revolutionary optimism. Thirty years on, however, the films seem much more pessimistic, skeptical, and unlikable—and arguably all the greater as a consequence.
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Bergemann, W., W. Möckel, and P. Schäfer. "Hiroshi Oshima." DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 121, no. 39 (August 21, 2009): 1211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1233832.

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Richards, Ian. "Amami Oshima." Journal of Global Tourism Research 4, no. 2 (2019): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37020/jgtr.4.2_75.

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Kretchik, Joe T. "OSHA’s regulatory agenda." Chemical Health and Safety 7, no. 2 (March 2000): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1074-9098(99)00099-4.

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