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Journal articles on the topic 'OSHC'
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Milton, Alyssa C., Elizabeth Stewart, Laura Ospina-Pinillos, Tracey Davenport, and Ian B. Hickie. "Participatory Design of an Activities-Based Collective Mentoring Program in After-School Care Settings: Connect, Promote, and Protect Program." JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting 4, no. 2 (2021): e22822. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/22822.
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Background Out of school hours care (OSHC) services provide a unique opportunity to deliver early intervention programs to enhance primary school–aged children’s social, emotional, physical, and cognitive well-being; however, such programs are currently lacking. Objective This study aims to address the lack of well-being programs for children accessing OSHC services in the research literature by using participatory design (PD) to collaboratively develop and test an OSHC well-being program—the connect, promote, and protect program (CP3). Methods The study employed methods of PD, user (acceptance) testing, and iterative knowledge translation to develop a novel well-being program framework—CP3—with key stakeholders (eg, children, OSHC staff, volunteers, families, clinicians, educators, and researchers). Thematic techniques were used to interpret and translate the qualitative information obtained during the research and design cycles. Results The co-design process generated the CP3 model, which comprises a group-based mentoring approach to facilitate enhanced activities in OSHC settings. Activities are underpinned by 4 key principles of program delivery: build well-being and resilience, broaden horizons, inspire and engage, and connect communities. Conclusions To our knowledge, the CP3 program is the first co-designed well-being program developed specifically for OSHC services. This co-design process is key to ensuring local community needs—particularly those of young people accessing OSHC—are met and that these individuals are meaningfully and actively involved in all stages of the research and design process, from conception to implementation, evaluation, and continuous improvement.
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Simoncini, Kym, and Michelle Lasen. "Support for quality delivery of outside school hours care: A case study." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 37, no. 2 (2012): 82–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183693911203700212.
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THERE HAS BEEN LITTLE research investigating Outside School Hours Care (OSHC) despite the growing demand for it in Australia. OSHC services can be managed by schools, Parents and Citizens' Associations, local councils, non-profit organisations or for-profit companies, and have varying levels of support available to them. This study investigates the different models of OSHC adopted by seven schools in a regional city in Queensland, with the aim of identifying elements that enhance quality of care. The schools—including two state, three Catholic and two independent—were all located in middle-to-high socioeconomic status (SES) suburbs in a small geographical area. In all seven, the OSHC services were on school premises. Data collection methods included interviews with principals, OSHC coordinators and area coordinators, as well as researcher observations. Quality Profiles awarded by the National Childcare Accreditation Council (NCAC) and themes emerging from an interview with the director of the Queensland Network of Children's Activities (QCAN) were used for triangulation and validation of results. Findings suggest that models of OSHC that provide coordinators with additional levels of support are more likely to deliver quality care to children. While support from the principal is important, that from outside the school in the form of area coordinators is vital in providing assistance with accreditation, professional development and networking. One key recommendation for services managed by Parents and Citizens' Associations is the additional support of an area coordinator.
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Crowe, Ruth, Yasmine Probst, Jennifer Norman, et al. "Healthy eating and physical activity environments in out-of-school hours care: an observational study protocol." BMJ Open 10, no. 9 (2020): e036397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036397.
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IntroductionChildcare settings have been widely identified as important venues for promoting healthy lifestyles to children. Out-of-school hours care (OSHC) is a rapidly growing childcare service, yet there has been limited research reported on healthy eating and physical activity (HEPA) environments within the Australian OSHC setting. This research aims to describe the HEPA environments related to foods and beverages served, staff behaviours and child physical activity levels across two local health districts within New South Wales, Australia. This study will provide evidence to support future interventions and policies in Australian OSHC settings.Methods and analysisA cross-sectional study design will be used to describe the food and beverages provided and child activity levels, and report on environmental correlates. OSHC programmes will be visited on non-consecutive weekdays between 2018 and 2020. The frequency of foods and beverages offered will be observed and categorised into food groups aligned to the Australian Dietary Guidelines. Children’s physical activity will be measured using ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometers. Staff behaviour will be captured via direct observation and the System for Observing Staff Promotion of Activity and Nutrition. Short interviews with programme directors will gather contextual information about OSHC practices and policies.Ethics and disseminationFindings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed scientific journals, conference presentations and individualised feedback to each participating service. Ethical approval was granted by the University of Wollongong Human Research Ethics Committee (HE17/490).
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Bühler, Nicole, Daisuke Hagiwara, and Norio Takeshita. "Functional Analysis of Sterol Transporter Orthologues in the Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus nidulans." Eukaryotic Cell 14, no. 9 (2015): 908–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00027-15.
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ABSTRACT Polarized growth in filamentous fungi needs a continuous supply of proteins and lipids to the growing hyphal tip. One of the important membrane compounds in fungi is ergosterol. At the apical plasma membrane ergosterol accumulations, which are called sterol-rich plasma membrane domains (SRDs). The exact roles and formation mechanism of the SRDs remained unclear, although the importance has been recognized for hyphal growth. Transport of ergosterol to hyphal tips is thought to be important for the organization of the SRDs. Oxysterol binding proteins, which are conserved from yeast to human, are involved in nonvesicular sterol transport. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae seven oxysterol-binding protein homologues (OSH1 to -7) play a role in ergosterol distribution between closely located membranes independent of vesicle transport. We found five homologous genes ( oshA to oshE ) in the filamentous fungi Aspergillus nidulans . The functions of OshA-E were characterized by gene deletion and subcellular localization. Each gene-deletion strain showed characteristic phenotypes and different sensitivities to ergosterol-associated drugs. Green fluorescent protein-tagged Osh proteins showed specific localization in the late Golgi compartments, puncta associated with the endoplasmic reticulum, or diffusely in the cytoplasm. The genes expression and regulation were investigated in a medically important species Aspergillus fumigatus , as well as A. nidulans . Our results suggest that each Osh protein plays a role in ergosterol distribution at distinct sites and contributes to proper fungal growth.
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Wilson, Annabelle M., Anthea M. Magarey, James Dollman, Michelle Jones, and Nadia Mastersson. "The challenges of quantitative evaluation of a multi-setting, multi-strategy community-based childhood obesity prevention programme: lessons learnt from the eat well be active Community Programs in South Australia." Public Health Nutrition 13, no. 8 (2009): 1262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980009991807.
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AbstractObjectiveTo describe the rationale, development and implementation of the quantitative component of evaluation of a multi-setting, multi-strategy, community-based childhood obesity prevention project (the eat well be active (ewba) Community Programs) and the challenges associated with this process and some potential solutions.Designewba has a quasi-experimental design with intervention and comparison communities. Baseline data were collected in 2006 and post-intervention measures will be taken from a non-matched cohort in 2009. Schoolchildren aged 10–12 years were chosen as one litmus group for evaluation purposes.SettingThirty-nine primary schools in two metropolitan and two rural communities in South Australia.SubjectsA total of 1732 10–12-year-old school students completed a nutrition and/or a physical activity questionnaire and 1637 had anthropometric measures taken; 983 parents, 286 teachers, thirty-six principals, twenty-six canteen and thirteen out-of-school-hours care (OSHC) workers completed Program-specific questionnaires developed for each of these target groups.ResultsThe overall child response rate for the study was 49 %. Sixty-five per cent, 43 %, 90 %, 90 % and 68 % of parent, teachers, principals, canteen and OSHC workers respectively, completed and returned questionnaires. A number of practical, logistical and methodological challenges were experienced when undertaking this data collection.ConclusionsLearnings from the process of quantitative baseline data collection for the ewba Community Programs can provide insights for other researchers planning similar studies with similar methods, particularly those evaluating multi-strategy programmes across multiple settings.
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Beh, Christopher T., Laurence Cool, John Phillips, and Jasper Rine. "Overlapping Functions of the Yeast Oxysterol-Binding Protein Homologues." Genetics 157, no. 3 (2001): 1117–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/157.3.1117.
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Abstract The Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome encodes seven homologues of the mammalian oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP), a protein implicated in lipid trafficking and sterol homeostasis. To determine the functions of the yeast OSBP gene family (OSH1-OSH7), we used a combination of genetics, genomics, and sterol lipid analysis to characterize OSH deletion mutants. All 127 combinations and permutations of OSH deletion alleles were constructed. Individual OSH genes were not essential for yeast viability, but the elimination of the entire gene family was lethal. Thus, the family members shared an essential function. In addition, the in vivo depletion of all Osh proteins disrupted sterol homeostasis. Like mutants that affect ergosterol production, the viable combinations of OSH deletion alleles exhibited specific sterol-related defects. Although none of the single OSH deletion mutants was defective for growth, gene expression profiles revealed that each mutant had a characteristic molecular phenotype. Therefore, each gene performed distinct nonessential functions and contributed to a common essential function. Our findings indicated that OSH genes performed a multitude of nonessential roles defined by specific subsets of the genes and that most shared at least one essential role potentially linked to changes in sterol lipid levels.
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Liu, Rui, Jia Peng, Huili Wang, et al. "Oxysophocarpine Retards the Growth and Metastasis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Targeting the Nrf2/HO-1 Axis." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 49, no. 5 (2018): 1717–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000493615.
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Background/Aims: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an oncogene in various types of cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Oxysophocarpine (OSC) is a natural alkaloid that has multiple pharmacological activities. However, the biological functions and molecular mechanism underlying the effects of OSC on the growth and metastasis of OSCC are unclear. Methods: Nrf2 levels were determined in OSCC tissues and non-cancerous specimens by quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays. The effects of OSC on OSCC cell growth and metastasis were explored (1) using 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine staining and Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, flow cytometry, wound-healing, Transwell, and tube formation assays in vitro; and (2) by establishing a xenograft nude mouse model in vivo. The molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of OSC on the growth and metastasis of OSCC were investigated in vitro by western blotting, caspase-3 activity, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and in vivo by western blotting and IHC assays. Results: The expression levels of Nrf2 in OSCC tissues and in cell lines were much higher than in non-cancerous tissues and normal oral keratinocytes. The upregulation of Nrf2 was positively correlated with a high incidence of lymph node metastasis and advanced histological grade and TNM stage, but inversely associated with differentiation and survival of OSCC patients. OSC reduced the expression of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in OSCC cells. OSC also inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion, and pro-angiogenesis of OSCC cells. Moreover, OSC induced cell cycle arrest, enhanced apoptosis of OSCC cells in vitro, and decreased OSCC tumor growth in vivo. Mechanically, OSC reduced the aggressive behavior of OSCC cells by inactivation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence that OSC inhibits the growth and metastasis of OSCC by targeting the Nrf2/ HO-1 axis, suggesting that OSC may be a potential therapeutic agent for OSCC.
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Sørensen, Danny Mollerup, Henrik Waldal Holen, Jesper Torbøl Pedersen, et al. "The P5A ATPase Spf1p is stimulated by phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and influences cellular sterol homeostasis." Molecular Biology of the Cell 30, no. 9 (2019): 1069–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e18-06-0365.
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P5A ATPases are expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of all eukaryotic cells, and their disruption results in severe ER stress. However, the function of these ubiquitous membrane proteins, which belong to the P-type ATPase superfamily, is unknown. We purified a functional tagged version of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae P5A ATPase Spf1p and observed that the ATP hydrolytic activity of the protein is stimulated by phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P). Furthermore, SPF1 exhibited negative genetic interactions with SAC1, encoding a PI4P phosphatase, and with OSH1 to OSH6, encoding Osh proteins, which, when energized by a PI4P gradient, drive export of sterols and lipids from the ER. Deletion of SPF1 resulted in increased sensitivity to inhibitors of sterol production, a marked change in the ergosterol/lanosterol ratio, accumulation of sterols in the plasma membrane, and cytosolic accumulation of lipid bodies. We propose that Spf1p maintains cellular sterol homeostasis by influencing the PI4P-induced and Osh-mediated export of sterols from the ER.
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Spittle, Michael, James O’Meara, Jennie Garnham, and Megan Kerr. "Providing sporting experiences for children in Out of School Hours Care (OSHC) environments: Sport and physical activity participation and intentions." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 11, no. 3 (2008): 316–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2007.05.001.
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Ndegwa, Priscilla Wanjiku, Wario Guyo, George Orwa, Robert Ng’ang’a, and Elishba Muthoni Murigi. "Legal Framework as a Determinant of Implementation of Occupational Health and Safety Programmes in the Manufacturing Sector in Kenya." International Journal of Human Resource Studies 4, no. 4 (2014): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v4i4.6500.
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Recent trends in the organization of work have increased the risk of occupational safety and health (OSH) in Kenyan industries through exposure to hazardous substances, work related accidents and increased stress-related illnesses. According to International lab our organization (ILO) everyone is entitled to the right to safe and healthy working conditions and therefore the corpus of law in Kenya dealing with occupational safety and health should be embedded in the international OSH legal instruments. Specifically the occupational health and safety Act (2007) is expected to provide for safety, health and welfare of workers and all persons lawfully present at workplaces. The purpose of this study therefore was to investigate legal framework as a determinant of implementation of occupational health and safety programmes in the manufacturing sector in Kenya. It focused on six legal areas predicted as affecting implementation of OSH. These factors were national OSH policy, OSHA (occupational safety and health Act) familiarity with OSHA, government OSH inspections and audits, ease of implementation of OSHA, Government support in the implementation of OSH and OSHA implement ability. The study adopted descriptive cross-sectional survey design but however intended to gather both qualitative and quantitative data. A self administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 257 OSH officers drawn randomly from 735 manufacturing industries registered by Kenya manufacturers association. 252 questionnaires were received back and analyzed with the help of SSPS window version 21. Both correlation and regression analysis were conducted and the results showed that there was a positive significant relationship between legal framework and implementation of OSH programmes.
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Daniel, Thomas, and Helmut Werner. "Synthese und Reaktivität eines Azavinyliden(hydrido)osmium-Komplexes / Synthesis and Reactivity of a Azavinylidene(hydrido)osmium Complex." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 47, no. 12 (1992): 1707–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1992-1210.
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The azavinylidene osmium complex [OsH(=N=CPh2)(CO)(PiPr3)2] (2) is prepared either from [OsHCl(CO)(PiPr3)2] (1) and MN=CPh2 (M = Li, Na) or from [OsHCl(NH=CPh2)(CO)(PiPr3)2] (3) by HCl elimination with ΚΟ-t-Bu. The IR and NMR spectroscopic data of 2 provide evidence that a linear Os—N—C unit is present. Complex 2 reacts with CH3OH to give the isomeric ortho-metallated compound [OsH{NH=C(Ph)C6H4}(CO)(PiPr3)2] (5). With CD3OD instead of CH3OH, the mono-deuterated derivative [OsH{ND=C(Ph)C6H4}(CO)(PiPr3)2] (5-d1) is obtained.
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Robayo, Dabeiba Adriana Garcia, Herlinto Alveiro Tupaz Erira, Fredy Omar Gamboa Jaimes, Andrey Moreno Torres, and Andres Ignacio Chala Galindo. "Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Human Papilloma Virus Coinfection with Streptococcus anginosus." Brazilian Dental Journal 30, no. 6 (2019): 626–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201902805.
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Abstract Introduction: Human papilloma virus (HPV) and oral bacteria capable of acetaldehyde production from ethanol, such as Streptococcus anginosus, Prevotella melaninogenica, and Fusobacterium naviforme are among oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) infectious risk factors. Objective: Determine associations with HPV and S. anginosus, P. melaninogenica, and F. naviforme in patients with and without OSCC. Methods: Presence of HPV and HPV-16 was determined in 26 patients with OSCC and 26 without OSCC by conventional PCR and simultaneous presence of S. anginosus, P. melaninogenica, and F. naviforme quantification through q-PCR. Statistical analysis was carried out using Pearson’s X² and Student’s-t test. Results: Patients with OSCC had HPV and HPV-16 frequencies of 84% and 61.5%, respectively, in contrast for patients without OSCC frequencies were 34.6 and 30.7%. P. melaninogenica, and F. naviforme microorganisms were not present in any participant in this study. S. anginosus frequency in patients with OSC was 38.4% and in patients without OSCC was 30.7%. Patients with OSCC had S. anginosus + HPV co-infection at a 38.4% frequency and S. anginosus + HPV-16 at a 23.1% frequency. For individuals without OSCC S. anginosus + HPV co-infection was 3.8% and S. anginosus + HPV-16 3.8%. A greater frequency of S. anginosus + HPV co-infection and S. anginosus + HPV-16 was observed in patients with OSCC in comparison with individuals without OSCC, suggesting the importance of detecting HPV/HPV-16 and S. anginosus simultaneously in individuals at risk of developing OSCC
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Awan, Ayesha Mukhtar, Iram Naz, Muhammad Khurram Mahmood, and Hafeez Uddin. "EXPRESSION OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-9 IN ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA AND ORAL PSEUDOEPITHELIOMATOUS HYPERPLASIA." Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences 18, no. 01 (2020): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.46903/gjms/18.01.2120.
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Background: Oral pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH) appears histologically similar to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in small oral biopsies, thus posing diagnostic dilemma. The objective of this study was to compare the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in differential diagnosis of OSSC and oral PEH. Materials & Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi, Pakistan from January 2013 to March 2016. It included sixty archival cases, 30 each of OSCC and PEH. Paraffin embedded blocks were prepared, hematoxylin and eosin stained sections taken and immunostained with MMP-9. The expression of MMP-9 was evaluated in OSCC and PEH. Results: The OSCC group included 16 (53.33%) men and 14 (46.67%) women, whereas PEH group included 18 (60%) men and 12 (40%) women. The mean age of OSCC group was 60.1±17.3 and that of PEH group was 52.7±16.6. In OSCC group, site of lesion was buccal mucosa in 12 (40%), gingiva 10 (33.33%), tongue 7 (23.33%) and floor of mouth 1 (3.34%) case. In PEH group, site of lesion was buccal mucosa in 12 (40%), tongue 11 (36.66%), gingiva 6 (20%) and palate 1 (3.34%) case. The expression of MMP-9 was positive in all the 30 cases of OSCC and negative in all 30 cases of PEH. Conclusion: Compared to pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH), MMP-9 revealed a higher expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This finding has become mainstream strategy in distinguishing OSCC from PEH in oral mucosal biopsies in cases difficult to diagnose.
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Abdo, Evandro Neves, Jeane de Fátima Correia-Silva, Carolina Cavaliéri Gomes, Isabela Almeida Pordeus, and Ricardo Santiago Gomez. "Serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms: a case-control study." Brazilian Dental Journal 23, no. 1 (2012): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402012000100012.
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Considerable evidence indicates that serotonergic mechanisms, particularly the serotonin transporter, are involved in alcoholism and tobacco use and are influenced by polymorphism of the promoter region of 5HTT (5-HTTLPR). As alcohol and tobacco consumption have been implicated in the pathogenesis of oral cancer, the purpose of this study was to investigate 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) compared with a control group in a sample of Brazilian patients. One hundred and three patients affected by OSCC and 103 volunteers without OSCC were genotyped for 5-HTTLPR. Both groups were matched for age, sex and tobacco use. The chi-squared test was used for statistical analysis (α=0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in 5-HTTLPR genotypes between case and control group (p= 0.408). In conclusion, the present investigation demonstrated that serotonin transporter polymorphisms are not implicated in the OSSC development.
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Niu, Guoliang, Meiling Yang, Shuai Tan, and Hong Qian. "MiR-195 Enhances the Sensitivity of Oral Cancer Cells to Cisplatin (DDP) by Down-Regulating the Expression of MAPK Kinase 1 (MEK1)." Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering 10, no. 2 (2020): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbt.2020.2237.
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MAPK kinase 1 (MEK1) is involved in the development and cisplatin (DDP) resistance of various tumors. Abnormal miR-195 expression is associated with oral cancer. Bioinformatics analysis revealed a relationship between miR-195 and MEK1. This study investigated whether miR-195 affects oral cancer cells through MEK1. The DDP-resistant cell OSCC-15/DDP was separated into miR-NC group and miR-195 mimic group followed by analysis of the expression of MEK1, p-MEK1 and p-ERK1/2 protein by Western blot, cell apoptosis and proliferation by flow cytometry. MEK1 mRNA is the target gene of miR-195. miR-195 was significantly lower in OSCC-15/DDP cells than OSCC-15 cells and human normal oral epithelial cells (HOEC) cells. MEK1 was significantly upreg-ulated in OSCC-15/DDP cells compared to OSCC-15 cells and HOEC cells. miR-195 mimic significantly elevated miR-195 in OSC-15/DDP cells, downregulated MEK1, p-MEK1 and p-ERK1/2 protein, promoted apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferative ability. miR-195 is related to oral cancer cell DDP resistance and upregulation of miR-195 down-regulates MEK1 expression and reduces DDP resistance.
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An, Gi-Hong, Jae-Gu Han, Hye-Sung Park, Gi-Ho Sung, and Ok-Tae Kim. "Identification of an Oxidosqualene Cyclase Gene Involved in Steroidal Triterpenoid Biosynthesis in Cordyceps farinosa." Genes 12, no. 6 (2021): 848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12060848.
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Various fungi including Cordyceps farinosa, an entomopathogenic fungus, can produce steroidal triterpenoids. Protostadienol (protosta-17(20)Z,24-dien-3β-ol) is a precursor of steroidal triterpenoid compounds. To identify oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC) gene candidates involved in triterpenoid biosynthesis, genome mining was performed using Illumina sequencing platform. In the sequence database, two OSC genes, CfaOSC1 and CfaOSC2, in the genome of C. farinosa were identified. Predicted amino-acid sequences of CfaOSC2 shared 66% similarities with protostadienol synthase (OSPC) of Aspergillus fumigatus. Phylogenetic analysis showed a clear grouping of CfaOSC2 in the OSPC clade. Function of CfaOSC2 was examined using a yeast INVSc1 heterologous expression system to endogenously synthesize 2,3-oxidosqualene. GC–MS analysis indicated that CfaOSC2 produced protosta-13(17),24-dien-3β-ol and protostadienol at a 5:95 ratio. Our results demonstrate that CfaOSC2 is a multifunctional triterpene synthase yielding a predominant protostadienol together with a minor triterpenoid. These results will facilitate a greater understanding of biosynthetic mechanisms underlying steroidal triterpenoid biosynthesis in C. farinosa and other fungi.
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Nathai-Balkissoon, Marcia, and Kit Fai Pun. "OSH at Trinidad and Tobago's Fingertips." International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age 3, no. 3 (2016): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijpada.2016070104.
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As Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) embraces the digital age, one field in which the country must advance is Occupational Safety and Health (OSH). This paper seeks to identify how T&T's Occupational Safety and Health Agency (TTOSHA) addresses e-government (e-gov) through its website, how its approach compares to those used by leading OSH bodies in two first-world countries, the USA (US) and the UK, and how the T&T approach may be improved. The OSH e-gov practices of the US OSHA, UK HSE, and TTOSHA websites are presented. Through a content analysis and comparison exercise, e-gov shortcomings of the TTOSHA site are noted and recommendations for improvement are proposed. The paper's potential benefits include improved accessibility and utility of the TTOSHA site through improved matching of site content to international practice, broader ranges of resource topics and media types, improved responsiveness and connectivity with stakeholders, and better focus on OSH performance through the dissemination of searchable OSH statistics and performance reports.
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Tuhul, Hanan S., Amer El-Hamouz, A. Rasem Hasan, and Hanan A. Jafar. "Development of a Conceptual Framework for Occupational Safety and Health in Palestinian Manufacturing Industries." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3 (2021): 1338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031338.
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The annual increase in the number of occupational accidents and diseases in the Palestinian manufacturing industries confirms a serious problem that threatens the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) in such industries, with negative consequences in the society and economy. As the Palestinian OSH data are insufficient, tightwad, and with discrepancies in published data by different agencies, this study aimed to investigate the OSH status in the Palestinian manufacturing industries and determine the Palestinian OSH trends rates based on international practice in the EU and USA. Also, to shed light on the OSH situation in the manufacturing sector and warrant the inspection and monitoring of industries by the respective officials. The OSH data of 175 industrial establishments and 199 industrial employees was collected by meetings, interviews, and structured questionnaires for the period 2009–2016. The US and EU OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) formulas were used to calculate the OSH rates. The analysis showed that 32.30% of the industrial employees suffered from occupational injuries. The average injury rate was 7566 per 100,000 workers, indicating a low OSH level in the Palestinian manufacturing industries. The leather industry was found as the most dangerous in terms of OSH, with an average safety performance factor (SPF) of 145.6 off days/accident. Pearson’s chi-square test (χ2) revealed a correlation between occupational accidents and injuries and the employees’ commitment and lost working days. An OSH framework was developed based on safety and sustainable development pillars to assure effective enforcement of the OSH law and prevent future occupational accidents and diseases.
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Ries, Jutta, Nur Mollaoglu, Takeshi Toyoshima, et al. "A novel Multiple-Marker Method for the Early Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma." Disease Markers 27, no. 2 (2009): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/510124.
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Objective: Melanoma associated antigens-A (MAGE-A) expression is highly specific to cancer cells. Thus, they can be the most suitable targets for the diagnosis of malignancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of multiple MAGE-A expression analysis for the diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).Methods: Total of 70 OSSC and 20 normal oral mucosal (NOM) samples of otherwise healthy volunteers were examined for the expression of 10 different single antigens out of 12 different MAGE-A subtypes by highly sensitive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods. The results were correlated to clinicopathological parameters of tumor samples.Results: Expression of MAGE-A was restricted to OSCC. The expression frequency of single antigen was between 10% and 55%. However, expression rate was increased up to 93% by the elevated number of genes examined. A significant correlation was found between the expression of MAGE-A and malignancy (p = 0.0001). In addition, multiple MAGE-A detection has also correlated to the incidence of lymph node metastasis, grading and advanced clinical stages.Conclusions: Analysis of multiple MAGE-A expression is more sensitive than the analysis of a single MAGE-A for the diagnostic evaluation of OSCC. Multiple MAGE-A expression analysis may be a very sensitive method to be used for the diagnosis even in the early stage of OSCC.
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Fareed, Jawed, Eduardo Ramacciotti, Debra Hoppensteadt, et al. "Oversulfated Chondroitin Sulfate Is Not the Sole Contaminant in Recalled Heparin Preparations." Blood 114, no. 22 (2009): 1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.1070.1070.
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Abstract Abstract 1070 Poster Board I-92 Several reports have suggested that the contaminated heparin recalled by the regulatory bodies including the FDA and European community contained varying amounts of oversulafted chondroitin sulfate (OSCS). The reported adverse reactions and death were solely attributed to the presence of OSCS including the activation of the contact system and the generation of vasoactive mediators such as the bradykinins. The pathophysiologic nature of the adverse reactions were complex and multifactorial and not all of the adverse reactions can be attributed to an activation of the contact system by OSCS. To further explore the nature of the contaminants, several batches of contaminated recalled heparin from various sources were analyzed utilizing chemical and biologic methods. Such additional contaminants as high molecular weight dermatan sulfate (HDS), oversulfated heparan sulfate (OSHS), oversulfated dermatan sulfate (OSDS), oversulfated heparin sulfate (OSH) and other various forms of glycosaminoglycans were found in the contaminated heparin products. OSCS, HDS, OSDS and OSHS produced activation of prekallikrein to kallikrein in whole blood and plasma systems at variable rates as measured by monitoring the generation of kallkrein. All of the agents produced an activation of the complement system which was not proportional to the generation of kallikrein system. All of the contaminants were capable of forming complexes with PF4 and all produced 14C serotonin release in the HIT screening analysis. Variable anticoagulant responses occurred with each agent and were mediated via heparin cofactor II. Supplementation of various oversulfated agents showed that OSCS, OSDS and OSH produced comparable anticoagulant effects. Interestingly in the heptest, none of the oversulfated contaminants with the exception of heparin produced any anticoagulant effect. In the thrombin time assasy, OSH produced the strongest anticoagulant effects whereas OSDS and OSCS produced relatively weaker effects, while OSHS did not produce any effects. In the amidolytic anti-Xa assay, only OHS produced an inhibition of this enzyme, whereas, all of the other agents had no effects. In the anti-IIa assay all agents produced variable inhibitory effects. OSH produced the strongest inhibition with an IC50 of 4 ug/ml. OSCS inhibited this enzyme with an IC50 of 7.2 ug/ml and OSDS showed an IC50 of 11 ug/ml. The IC50 of OSHS was > 20 ug/ml. All agents showed a relatively weak affinity for antithrombin (AT). All agents were resistant to the actions heparinase-1. Both OSCS and OSDS produced an inhibition of heparinase. These results clearly suggest that heparin contaminants represent a heterogenous group of oversulfated GAGs which may mediate multiple pathophysiologic responses. The complex and diversed spectrum of the pathologic events in patients exposed to these contaminants need additional investigations to fully understand their adverse clinical effects in vivo. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Ismail, Afifah Binti, and Mohd Shahril Bin Ahmad Razimi. "Occupational Safety And Health (Osh) From Islamic Perspective: A Conceptual Study." IKONOMIKA 3, no. 1 (2018): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/febi.v3i1.2543.
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ABSTRACTThis paper illustrates occupational safety and health (OSH) based on Islamic perspective in human resource management. This paper has been written based on the following objectives; a)to state the duty of employer to provide safety workplace and to concern on employee health; b)to list out the management system of OSH based on Islamic perspective as preventive measure.A purely qualitative approach of literature review was done and Islamic OSH is derived from Islamic principles which are guide by Al-Quran and sunnah. The responsibility to preserve safety and health of employee does not only relies to the employer solely but involved all workers, the government and the authority bodies as the runner for the Occupational safety and Health Act OSHA 1994, Islamic order’s and policy to be implemented in the organization. The Occupational Safety and Health Master Plan (OSHMP) 2020 is a tremendous incentive by the Ministry of Human Resource to cope and minimize the number of accident and injuries in Malaysia. Keywords: Islamic occupational safety and health, employee safety and health, Islamic management system of OSH
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Alves, Alessandro Menna, Marcos Britto Correa, Karine Duarte da Silva, et al. "Demographic and Clinical Profile of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma from a Service-Based Population." Brazilian Dental Journal 28, no. 3 (2017): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201601257.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic and clinical profile of the oral squamous cells carcinoma (OSCC) cases registered in a center of oral diagnosis in southern Brazil. Eight hundred and six individuals with OSCC from 1959 to 2012 were included in this study. The variables recorded were: sex, age, occupation according to workplace, alcohol and tobacco consumption, skin color, tumor location, histological type, clinical appearance, size, evolution time, presence of pain and lymph node metastasis. Descriptive analysis was performed and the associations between variables were assessed using the chi-square and Fisher’s exact test, with a confidence level of 5%. OSSC was more common in males (76.6%) aged between 51 to 70 years (53.9%). The most frequent sites were lower lip vermilion (23.3%), tongue (20.2%) and gingiva/alveolar ridge (18.1%). There was a strong association between outdoor occupation and white skin color with lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). OSCC intraoral lesions were commonly more painful, larger than 2 cm and presented lymphatic metastasis. In conclusion, most of the results confirm the data from literature about sex, age, tumor location and occupation. Moreover, the positive correlations between LSCC and occupation, between LSCC and white skin color, and between bigger lesions and presence of pain/cervical metastasis also corroborate the literature data.
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Notarstefano, Valentina, Alessia Belloni, Simona Sabbatini, et al. "Cytotoxic Effects of 5-Azacytidine on Primary Tumour Cells and Cancer Stem Cells from Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An In Vitro FTIRM Analysis." Cells 10, no. 8 (2021): 2127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10082127.
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In the present study, the cytotoxic effects of 5-azacytidine on primary Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma cells (OSCCs) from human biopsies, and on Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) from the same samples, were investigated by an in vitro Fourier Transform InfraRed Microscospectroscopy (FTIRM) approach coupled with multivariate analysis. OSCC is an aggressive tumoral lesion of the epithelium, accounting for ~90% of all oral cancers. It is usually diagnosed in advanced stages, and this causes a poor prognosis with low success rates of surgical, as well as radiation and chemotherapy treatments. OSCC is frequently characterised by recurrence after chemotherapy and by the development of a refractoriness to some employed drugs, which is probably ascribable to the presence of CSCs niches, responsible for cancer growth, chemoresistance and metastasis. The spectral information from FTIRM was correlated with the outcomes of cytotoxicity tests and image-based cytometry, and specific spectral signatures attributable to 5-azacytidine treatment were identified, allowing us to hypothesise the demethylation of DNA and, hence, an increase in the transcriptional activity, together with a conformational transition of DNA, and a triggering of cell death by an apoptosis mechanism. Moreover, a different mechanism of action between OSSC and CSC cells was highlighted, probably due to possible differences between OSCCs and CSCs response.
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Narayanan, Maithrea Suresh, Nur Karyatee Kassim, Tang Liszen, et al. "The Utility of Beta 2 Microglobulin (B2M) as an Initial Diagnostic Tool for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC): Evidence from a Malaysian Scenario." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 18, no. 4 (2019): 729–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v18i4.42876.
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Background: The delay in diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a factor in rendering the poor prognosis, and recent research has explored the use of serum tumour markers such Beta 2 Microglobulin (B2M), to aid early diagnosis. However, despite a high incidence of OSCC in Southeast Asia, no studies on the clinical use of B2M in the region were found.
 Objectives: To determine if serum B2M level can serve as an initial diagnostic tool to indicate if a biopsy is warranted, and if so, to propose a local B2M serum reference value to identify OSSC patients.
 Methodology: Twenty-one patients were seen at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) for a one-year period, between June 2016 and June 2017, and equal number of healthy controls participated in the study. Apart from patient history, venous blood of approximately 5ml volume was collected from each subject at the pre-treatment stage and analysed by an Abbot ARCHITECT c8000 analyser using the immunoturbidimetry method. The results were analysed using ROC analysis and the Mann Whitney test.
 Results: Serum B2M levels showed a statistically significant increase (p<0.001) in patients compared to controls. The test was shown to have 90.5% sensitivity and 90.5% specificity. It was found to be a sensitive and specific serum tumour marker at a cut off value of 1.57mg/l to differentiate cases from controls.
 Conclusion: B2M is a sensitive and specific tumour marker to differentiate OSCC cases from controls. It is cost effective and minimally invasive, making it a potentially useful adjunct diagnostic tool in a high-risk patient pool.
 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(4) 2019 p.729-735
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Mendelson, Harold R. "OSHA." Journal of the American Dental Association 123, no. 4 (1992): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1992.0110.
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Azmi, Ruzita, Siti Nur Samawati Ahmad, and Bidayatul Akmal Mustafa. "MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES AT WORKPLACE: AN OVERVIEW OF LAW AND POLICY IN MALAYSIA AND UNITED KINGDOM (UK)." International Journal of Law, Government and Communication 6, no. 22 (2021): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijlgc.622009.
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Surveys showed that workers in Malaysia are at high risk of health problems including mental health problems that stemmed from the rising stress level at work. Despite having employees’ safety, health, and welfare being codified, depression will be a major mental health illness among Malaysian by 2020. The Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA 1994) that caters to legislative framework in terms of securing safety, health, and welfare among Malaysian workforces has no provisions to provide a supportive environment for mental health wellbeing at the workplace as well as support for employees with a mental health problem. Furthermore, OSHA 1994 is self-regulated, causing fewer employers to develop OSH codes of practice and guidelines. This is among the weaknesses of OSHA 1994. This paper aims to examine the existing law and policy in Malaysia on mental health at the workplace. It also aims to compare the policy and legal framework in developed commonwealth countries such as the UK. This paper applies qualitative and comparative methods, consisting of a doctrinal legal research approach to understand the principles of law and policies dealing with mental health. A comparative method is employed in order to compare the policies and legal frameworks of mental health wellbeing in developed countries such as the UK. The comparative approach involves an examination of the similarities and dissimilarities between situations within the same legal system. The paper concludes that in order to support mental health and wellbeing at the workplace, a comprehensive legal framework and effective policy are needed especially for Malaysia. Compared with the UK, Malaysia is still lagged behind and has so much to learn from UK’s experiences to tackle issues on mental health.
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Azmi, Ruzita, Siti Nur Samawati Ahmad, and Bidayatul Akmal Mustafa Kamil. "MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES AT WORKPLACE: AN OVERVIEW OF LAW AND POLICY IN MALAYSIA AND UNITED KINGDOM (UK)." International Journal of Law, Government and Communication 5, no. 21 (2020): 316–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijlgc.5210026.
Full textAbstract:
Surveys showed that workers in Malaysia are at high risk of health problems including mental health problems that stemmed from the rising stress level at work. Despite having employees’ safety, health, and welfare being codified, depression will be a major mental health illness among Malaysian by 2020. The Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA 1994) that caters to legislative framework in terms of securing safety, health, and welfare among Malaysian workforces has no provisions to provide a supportive environment for mental health wellbeing at the workplace as well as support for employees with a mental health problem. Furthermore, OSHA 1994 is self-regulated, causing fewer employers to develop OSH codes of practice and guidelines. This is among the weaknesses of OSHA 1994. This paper aims to examine the existing law and policy in Malaysia on mental health at the workplace. It also aims to compare the policy and legal framework in developed commonwealth countries such as the UK. This paper applies qualitative and comparative methods, consisting of a doctrinal legal research approach to understand the principles of law and policies dealing with mental health. A comparative method is employed in order to compare the policies and legal frameworks of mental health wellbeing in developed countries such as the UK. The comparative approach involves an examination of the similarities and dissimilarities between situations within the same legal system. The paper concludes that in order to support mental health and wellbeing at the workplace, a comprehensive legal framework and effective policy are needed especially for Malaysia. Compared with the UK, Malaysia is still lagged behind and has so much to learn from UK’s experiences to tackle issues on mental health.
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Kii, Tomoyuki, Kaname Sakuma, and Akira Tanaka. "Optimal Contact Concentration of Paclitaxel in the Collagen Gel Droplet-Embedded Culture Drug Sensitivity Test for Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Evaluation of Combination with Cetuximab." Chemotherapy 65, no. 5-6 (2020): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000512542.
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<b><i>Objective:</i></b> A combination of the taxane anticancer drug paclitaxel (PTX) and molecular target drug cetuximab (cMab) is effective for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, its use is associated with serious side effects, such as neuropathy and myelosuppression. In addition, it is administered regardless of patient sensitivity because biomarkers indicating its efficacy are unavailable. Therefore, we investigated the usefulness of setting the indicated contact concentration of PTX and predicted the antitumor effect of combined contact with cMab using the collagen gel droplet-embedded culture drug sensitivity test (CD-DST). <b><i>Method:</i></b> Twelve human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines (i.e., SAS, HSC-2, HSC-3, HSC-4, OSC-19, OSC-20, KON, HO-1-N-1, HO-1-u-1, SAT, SCC-4, and Nialym) were used. Using the CD-DST, we calculated the optimal contact concentration of the cells with PTX based on the clinical response rate of HNSCC and evaluated the combined contact with cMab. Furthermore, nude mice were treated with standalone PTX and PTX + cMab, and the results were compared with those of the CD-DST. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Based on the CD-DST, 0.1 μg/mL was the optimal contact concentration of PTX, to which the cells showed dose-dependent sensitivity. Moreover, the CD-DST method was used to evaluate the antitumor effects on OSCC even when PTX was used in combination with cMab. The antitumor effects in the CD-DST and nude mice were correlated (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The CD-DST results suggested that it was possible to predict the clinical effects of single-contact PTX and the enhancing effect of cMab + PTX.
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Cockburn, William. "OSH in the future: where next?" European Journal of Workplace Innovation 6, no. 1 (2021): 84–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.46364/ejwi.v6i1.813.
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Since 2002 when the Community Strategy on Health and Safety at Work called on the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work to set up a Risk Observatory, EU-OSHA has worked to address the challenges presented by the changing world of work. As our society evolves under the influence of new technology and shifting economic and social conditions, our workplaces, work practices and processes are constantly changing. These new situations bring with them new risks and challenges for workers and employers, which in turn demand political, administrative and technical approaches that ensure high levels of safety and health at work. Changes that are underway due to digitalisation, for example, affect not only the tasks that make up jobs, but also the nature of work in terms of how it is organised and how it is managed and supervised. Digitalisation also provides important opportunities, whether through the automation of dangerous or monotonous tasks or facilitating the work of the labour inspectorate. Europe benefits from a comprehensive body of OSH regulations, but if the OSH challenges posed by the new world of work are to be managed and the opportunities realised, it is essential that social dialogue be at the centre of regulation, support and guidance, enforcement and monitoring.
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Valenti, August J., and Michael D. Decker. "OSHA Inspections." Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 16, no. 8 (1995): 478–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/30141084.
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Kretchik, Joe T. "OSHA ergonomics." Chemical Health and Safety 8, no. 1 (2001): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1074-9098(00)00192-1.
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Kretchik, Joe T. "OSHA update." Chemical Health and Safety 8, no. 3 (2001): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1074-9098(01)00203-9.
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Kretchik, Joe T. "OSHA update." Chemical Health and Safety 8, no. 5 (2001): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1074-9098(01)00248-9.
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Kretchik, Joe T. "OSHA recordkeeping." Chemical Health and Safety 9, no. 1 (2002): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1074-9098(01)00300-8.
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McGarity, Thomas O. "OSHA Reform." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 32, no. 4 (1990): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199004000-00033.
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Canty, Timothy C. "OSHA Guidelines." Journal of the American Dental Association 123, no. 7 (1992): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1992.0162.
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Wehrkamp, Scott R. "Osha Regulations." Journal of the American Dental Association 123, no. 8 (1992): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1992.0223.
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&NA;. "OSHA Update." Lippincott's Bone and Joint Newsletter 6, no. 4 (2000): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01300517-200004000-00014.
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Valenti, August J., and Michael D. Decker. "OSHA Inspections." Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 16, no. 8 (1995): 478–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/648364.
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Ezzell, Carol. "OSHA standards." Nature 333, no. 6174 (1988): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/333590c0.
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Kretchik, Joe T. "OSHA ergonomics." Chemical Health & Safety 8, no. 1 (2001): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chas.8b08114.
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Fairfax, Richard, Mary Lynn, Dave Vaughn, Stan Kauchak, and Mike England. "OSHA Compliance Issues: An OSHA Perspective on Hantavirus." Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 11, no. 4 (1996): 225–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1047322x.1996.10389312.
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Fairfax, Richard. "OSHA Compliance Issues: Two Recent OSHA Health Initiatives." Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 11, no. 10 (1996): 1183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1047322x.1996.10389392.
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Ling, Yading, Scott Hayano, and Peter Novick. "Osh4p is needed to reduce the level of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate on secretory vesicles as they mature." Molecular Biology of the Cell 25, no. 21 (2014): 3389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e14-06-1087.
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Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P) is produced on both the Golgi and the plasma membrane. Despite extensive vesicular traffic between these compartments, genetic analysis suggests that the two pools of PI4P do not efficiently mix with one another. Several lines of evidence indicate that the PI4P produced on the Golgi is normally incorporated into secretory vesicles, but the fate of that pool has been unclear. We show here that in yeast the oxysterol-binding proteins Osh1–Osh7 are collectively needed to maintain the normal distribution of PI4P and that Osh4p is critical in this function. Osh4p associates with secretory vesicles at least in part through its interaction with PI4P and is needed, together with lipid phosphatases, to reduce the level of PI4P as vesicles approach sites of exocytosis. This reduction in PI4P is necessary for a switch in the regulation of the Sec4p exchange protein, Sec2p, from an interaction with the upstream Rab, Ypt31/32, to an interaction with a downstream Sec4p effector, Sec15p. Spatial regulation of PI4P levels thereby plays an important role in vesicle maturation.
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Zaidi, Sana Jafar, Nabeela Riaz, Asifa Iqbal, and Ayyaz Ali Khan. "Salivary Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 as Non-Invasive Tool for The Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC)." Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association 30, no. 1 (2021): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25301/jpda.301.18.
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OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of salivary MMP1 as non-invasive diagnostic biomarker of OSCC through conventional sandwich ELISA technique. Analytical cross-sectional study. METHODOLOGY: Individuals with clinical suspicion for OSCC (IWCS-OSCC) were included in the study after fulfilling selection criteria. Saliva samples were collected from IWCS-OSCC. To confirm OSCC, the patients were referred for biopsy. After definitive diagnosis on biopsy, patients were labeled OSCC positive or OSCC negative. The colorimetric sandwich-ELISA test was performed on saliva samples to measure the level of MMP1. Data was entered in "Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) -16" and levels of MMP1 were correlated with the biopsy status of patient (OSCC positive or OSCC negative). RESULTS: Our sample included twice as many males as females (2.1:1) and a wide age range of 22-77years with median age of 50yrs. Of all the IWCS-OSCC 85% were OSCC +ve and 15% were OSCC-ve. Diagnostic accuracy was measured as; Area under curve (AUC) = 0.623, Sensitivity (Sn) = 50%, Specificity (Sp)= 83.3%, Positive predictive value (PPV)= 94.4%, Negative predictive value (NPV)= 22.7% CONCLUSION: MMP1 as detected by conventional sandwich-ELISA technique is not proven as an accurate diagnostic biomarker of OSCC. KEY WORDS: OSCC; MMP1; IWCS-OSCC; Sandwich-ELISA HOW TO CITE: Zaidi SJ, Riaz N, Iqbal A, Khan AA. Salivary matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 as non-invasive tool for the diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). J Pak Dent Assoc 2021;30(1):18-23.
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Jobe, Dean A., Steven D. Lovrich, Ronald F. Schell, and Steven M. Callister. "C-Terminal Region of Outer Surface Protein C Binds Borreliacidal Antibodies in Sera from Patients with Lyme Disease." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 10, no. 4 (2003): 573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.10.4.573-578.2003.
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ABSTRACT Borreliacidal antibodies specific for outer surface protein C (OspC) are induced shortly after infection with Borrelia burgdorferi. In this study, we identified the region of OspC recognized by immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG borreliacidal antibodies. Sera from patients with early Lyme disease were screened for borreliacidal activity specific for B. burgdorferi 50772 and OspC antibodies. Seven sera that contained similarly high titers of each response were then chosen randomly and adsorbed with OspC or a truncated OspC (OspC-Dra) containing the 50 amino acids nearest the carboxy terminus. Adsorption with OspC or OspC-Dra completely eliminated the borreliacidal activity in six (86%) of seven sera and significantly decreased the activity in the remaining serum (titer of 10,240 to 1,280). Moreover, OspC antibodies were no longer detected by OspC enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or in a Western blot that contained native OspC. The findings confirmed that sera from patients with early Lyme disease contain high concentrations of IgM or IgG borreliacidal antibodies that bind a conserved region of OspC.
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Bugshan, Amr, and Imran Farooq. "Oral squamous cell carcinoma: metastasis, potentially associated malignant disorders, etiology and recent advancements in diagnosis." F1000Research 9 (April 2, 2020): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.22941.1.
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Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a commonly occurring head and neck cancer. It has a high prevalence in certain parts of the world, and is associated with a high mortality rate. In this review, we describe metastasis related to OSCC, and disorders that could lead to OSCC with common etiological factors. In addition, a brief account of the diagnosis of OSCC and role of salivary biomarkers in its early detection has also been highlighted. Google Scholar and PubMed search engines were searched with keywords including “oral squamous cell carcinoma”, “OSCC”, “oral cancer”, “potentially malignant disorders in oral cavity”, “etiological factors of OSCC”, “diagnosis of OSCC”, and “salivary biomarkers and OSCC” to gather the literature for this review. The review concludes that OSCC has the potential for regional as well as distant metastasis, and many potentially malignant diseases can transform into OSCC with the help of various etiological factors. Diagnosis of OSCC involves traditional biopsy, but salivary biomarkers could also be utilized for early recognition.
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Yang, Xiaofeng F., Meghan C. Lybecker, Utpal Pal, et al. "Analysis of the ospC Regulatory Element Controlled by the RpoN-RpoS Regulatory Pathway in Borrelia burgdorferi." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 14 (2005): 4822–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.14.4822-4829.2005.
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ABSTRACT Outer surface lipoprotein C (OspC) is a key virulence factor of Borrelia burgdorferi. ospC is differentially regulated during borrelial transmission from ticks to rodents, and such regulation is essential for maintaining the spirochete in its natural enzootic cycle. Recently, we showed that the expression of ospC in B. burgdorferi is governed by a novel alternative sigma factor regulatory network, the RpoN-RpoS pathway. However, the precise mechanism by which the RpoN-RpoS pathway controls ospC expression has been unclear. In particular, there has been uncertainty regarding whether ospC is controlled directly by RpoS (σs) or indirectly through a transactivator (induced by RpoS). Using deletion analyses and genetic complementation in an OspC-deficient mutant of B. burgdorferi, we analyzed the cis element(s) required for the expression of ospC in its native borrelial background. Two highly conserved upstream inverted repeat elements, previously implicated in ospC regulation, were not required for ospC expression in B. burgdorferi. Using similar approaches, a minimal promoter that contained a canonical −35/−10 sequence necessary and sufficient for σs-dependent regulation of ospC was identified. Further, targeted mutagenesis of a C at position −15 within the extended −10 region of ospC, which is postulated to function like the strategic C residue important for Eσs binding in Escherichia coli, abolished ospC expression. The minimal ospC promoter also was responsive to coumermycin A1, further supporting its σs character. The combined data constitute a body of evidence that the RpoN-RpoS regulatory network controls ospC expression by direct binding of σs to a σs-dependent promoter of ospC. The implication of our findings to understanding how B. burgdorferi differentially regulates ospC and other ospC-like genes via the RpoN-RpoS regulatory pathway is discussed.
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Shimomura, Hiroyuki, Tomonori Sasahira, Chie Nakashima, Miyako Kurihara-Shimomura, and Tadaaki Kirita. "Non-SMC Condensin I Complex Subunit H (NCAPH) Is Associated with Lymphangiogenesis and Drug Resistance in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 1 (2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9010072.
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Background: Head and neck cancer, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is the sixth most common malignancy. OSCC has strong invasive ability, and its malignant potential is closely associated with local expansion and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, local or nodal recurrence worsens OSCC prognosis. In our previous cDNA microarray analysis, non-structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) condensin I complex subunit H (NCAPH) was identified as an upregulated gene in recurrent OSCC. Although NCAPH has several functions in tumors, its role in OSCC is unknown. Methods: In this study, we examined NCAPH expression in OSCC and performed a functional analysis of human OSCC cells. Results: NCAPH expression was higher in OSCC than in normal oral mucosa. In immunohistochemistry using 142 OSCC specimens, the immunostaining of NCAPH was strongly associated with nodal metastasis and lymphatic infiltration. In multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model, NCAPH expression was an independent poor prognostic indicator for OSCC. Moreover, NCAPH promoted the migration and adhesion of endothelial cells to OSCC cells and promoted the resistance to platinum anticancer drugs. Conclusions: Our present findings suggest that NCAPH is a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target in OSCC.
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Liang, Fang Ting, Mary B. Jacobs, Lisa C. Bowers, and Mario T. Philipp. "An Immune Evasion Mechanism for Spirochetal Persistence in Lyme Borreliosis." Journal of Experimental Medicine 195, no. 4 (2002): 415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20011870.
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Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease spirochete, persistently infects mammalian hosts despite the development of strong humoral responses directed against the pathogen. Here we describe a novel mechanism of immune evasion by B. burgdorferi. In immunocompetent mice, spirochetes that did not express ospC (the outer-surface protein C gene) were selected within 17 d after inoculation, concomitantly with the emergence of anti-OspC antibody. Spirochetes with no detectable OspC transcript that were isolated from immunocompetent mice reexpressed ospC after they were either cultured in vitro or transplanted to naive immunocompetent mice, but not in OspC-immunized mice. B. burgdorferi persistently expressed ospC in severe combined immune-deficient (SCID) mice. Passive immunization of B. burgdorferi–infected SCID mice with an anti-OspC monoclonal antibody selectively eliminated ospC-expressing spirochetes but did not clear the infection. OspC-expressing spirochetes reappeared in SCID mice after the anti-OspC antibody was eliminated. We submit that selection of surface-antigen nonexpressers is an immune evasion mechanism that contributes to spirochetal persistence.