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Journal articles on the topic 'Osmium compounds Organic compounds'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Krief, Alain, Cathy Delmotte, and Catherine Colaux-Castillo. "Reactions involving inorganic compounds." Pure and Applied Chemistry 72, no. 9 (2000): 1709–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200072091709.

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Selenium chemistry became, over the last 30 years, particularly useful for synthetic organic chemistry [1]. Inorganic as well as organic selenium compounds allow transformation which otherwise cannot be done or require much more drastic conditions to proceed. We have over the last 25 years explored the reactivity of elemental selenium as well as its inorganic and organic derivatives. We report here our recent finding concerning (i) organic diselenols and -diselenolates and (ii) the role of selenoxides in the enantioselective dihydroxylation of C,C double bonds using catalytic amounts of osmium tetroxide.

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2

Shul’pin, Georgiy B., and Lidia S. Shul’pina. "Oxidation of Organic Compounds with Peroxides Catalyzed by Polynuclear Metal Compounds." Catalysts 11, no. 2 (2021): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11020186.

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The review describes articles that provide data on the synthesis and study of the properties of catalysts for the oxidation of alkanes, olefins, and alcohols. These catalysts are polynuclear complexes of iron, copper, osmium, nickel, manganese, cobalt, vanadium. Such complexes for example are: [Fe2(HPTB)(m-OH)(NO3)2](NO3)2·CH3OH·2H2O, where HPTB-¼N,N,N0,N0-tetrakis(2-benzimidazolylmethyl)-2-hydroxo-1,3-diaminopropane; complex [(PhSiO1,5)6]2[CuO]4[NaO0.5]4[dppmO2]2, where dppm-1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)methane; (2,3-η-1,4-diphenylbut-2-en-1,4-dione)undecacarbonyl triangulotriosmium; phenylsilsesquioxane [(PhSiO1.5)10(CoO)5(NaOH)]; bi- and tri-nuclear oxidovanadium(V) complexes [{VO(OEt)(EtOH)}2(L2)] and [{VO(OMe)(H2O)}3(L3)]·2H2O (L2 = bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene)terephthalohydrazide and L3 = tris(2-hydroxybenzylidene)benzene-1,3,5-tricarbohydrazide); [Mn2L2O3][PF6]2 (L = 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane). For comparison, articles are introduced describing catalysts for the oxidation of alkanes and alcohols with peroxides, which are simple metal salts or mononuclear metal complexes. In many cases, polynuclear complexes exhibit higher activity compared to mononuclear complexes and exhibit increased regioselectivity, for example, in the oxidation of linear alkanes. The review contains a description of some of the mechanisms of catalytic reactions. Additionally presented are articles comparing the rates of oxidation of solvents and substrates under oxidizing conditions for various catalyst structures, which allows researchers to conclude about the nature of the oxidizing species. This review is focused on recent works, as well as review articles and own original studies of the authors.

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3

Cerón-Camacho, Ricardo, Manuel A. Roque-Ramires, Alexander D. Ryabov, and Ronan Le Lagadec. "Cyclometalated Osmium Compounds and beyond: Synthesis, Properties, Applications." Molecules 26, no. 6 (2021): 1563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061563.

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The synthesis of cyclometalated osmium complexes is usually more complicated than of other transition metals such as Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, where cyclometalation reactions readily occur via direct activation of C–H bonds. It differs also from their ruthenium analogs. Cyclometalation for osmium usually occurs under more severe conditions, in polar solvents, using specific precursors, stronger acids, or bases. Such requirements expand reaction mechanisms to electrophilic activation, transmetalation, and oxidative addition, often involving C–H bond activations. Osmacycles exhibit specific applications in homogeneous catalysis, photophysics, bioelectrocatalysis and are studied as anticancer agents. This review describes major synthetic pathways to osmacycles and related compounds and discusses their practical applications.

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4

Muñiz, Kilian. "Imido-osmium(viii) compounds in organic synthesis: aminohydroxylation and diamination reactions." Chem. Soc. Rev. 33, no. 3 (2004): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b307102m.

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5

Kiernan, John A. "Recycling Osmium Tetroxide." Microscopy Today 9, no. 1 (2001): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500051312.

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Osmium tetroxide is indeed wonderful stuff. Osmium is a rare element, so disposal of used solutions should consist of recycling, not dumping, even though osmium compounds are not considered environmentally hazardous (Smith et al., 1978 Trace Metal in the Environment, vol 4. Ann Arbor Science Publishers). The colorless and soluble toxic tetroxide. is rapidly reduced by almost any kind of dirt to a black, insoluble dioxide, usually in a colloidal form that's readily dispersed by moving water if it isn't firmly stuck to the solid organic matter that brought about the reduction.

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6

Shul'pin, Georgiy B., Mikhail M. Vinogradov, and Lidia S. Shul'pina. "Oxidative functionalization of C–H compounds induced by the extremely efficient osmium catalysts (a review)." Catalysis Science & Technology 8, no. 17 (2018): 4287–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cy00659h.

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In recent years, osmium complexes have found applications not only in thecis-hydroxylation of olefins but also very efficient in the oxygenation of C–H compounds (saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons and alcohols) by hydrogen peroxide as well as organic peroxides.

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7

Kiefer, Adam M., John A. Giles, and Patricia A. Shapley. "Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Organometallic Osmium(VI) Hydroxo Compounds." Organometallics 26, no. 8 (2007): 1881–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om060918k.

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8

Becalska, Anna, Roland K. Pomeroy, and William A. G. Graham. "Reassignment of the structure of M3(CO)12(Cl)(SnCl3) (M = Ru, Os)." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 7 (1989): 1236–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-187.

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Reaction of M3(CO)12 (M=Ru, Os) with SnCl4 in benzene at room temperature affords M3(CO)12(Cl)(SnCl3) in essentially quantitative yield. The 13C nmr spectra of these complexes indicate they have a ClM3(SnCl3) arrangement of atoms with the Cl ligand cis and the SnCl3 group trans to a linear Os3 chain. This is contrary to previously proposed structures for these compounds. The 13C nmr spectrum of Os3(CO)12(I)2 which has the iodo ligands cis to the Os3 chain is also reported for comparison. Keywords: ruthenium–tin, osmium–tin, osmium–iodine, l3C nmr spectroscopy.

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9

Jiang, Faming, Hilary A. Jenkins, David F. Green, Glenn PA Yap, and Roland K. Pomeroy. "A novel metal-chain extension reaction: synthesis of (X)[Os(CO)3(CN-t-Bu)]nMn(CO)5 (X = Cl, Br, I; n = 1, 2, 3)." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 80, no. 3 (2002): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v02-016.

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Complexes of formula (X)[Os(CO)3(CN-t-Bu)]nMn(CO)5 (X = Cl, Br, I; n = 1, 2, 3) have been prepared by the reaction of Os(CO)4(CN-t-Bu) with Mn(CO)5(X) in hexane at room temperature. The characterization of the complexes included the crystal structures of compounds with X = I, n = 1, 3 and X = Cl, Br, n = 2 (2ClA and 2BrB). The trinuclear products were isolated as two isomers. The major isomer (2XA) has an isocyanide ligand attached to each osmium atom, whereas the minor isomer (2XB) has both of these ligands bound to the terminal Os atom. The structures contain OsnMn chains with unbridged OsMn bonds (range of lengths are 2.870(1)2.9245(8) Å) and for compounds with n = 2 or 3 OsOs bonds (range of lengths are 2.8812(4)2.8928(5) Å). The mechanism of formation is believed to involve replacement of a CO ligand with the 18e- ligand Os(CO)4(CN-t-Bu) at the metal with the coordinated halide, followed by a rearrangement in which the halide ligand migrates to the donor Os atom with concomitant migration in the reverse direction of a carbonyl ligand. The preparation of (OC)4(t-BuNC)OsMn(CO)4(Cl) with an OsMn dative bond is also reported along with the (OC)4(t-BuNC)OsRe(CO)4(X) analogues.Key words: manganeseosmium, rheniumosmium, dinuclear, metal chain, dative metalmetal bond.

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10

Lau, Man-Kit, Joyce LC Chim, Wing-Tak Wong, Ian D. Williams, and Wa-Hung Leung. "Synthesis and molecular structures of monooxo aryl complexes of osmium(VI)." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 79, no. 5-6 (2001): 607–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v00-192.

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Reaction of [OsO4] with C7H7MgBr (C7H7 = 2-methylphenyl) followed by column chromatography afforded the reported osmium tetraaryl [Os(C7H7)4] along with the oxo-osmium(VI) ([OsO(C7H7)4]) (1) (13%) and the dioxo-osmium(VI) ([OsO2(C7H7)2]) (2) (25%) complexes. Treatment of [OsO4] with C8H9MgBr (C8H9 = 2,5-dimethylphenyl) gave a mixture of [Os(C8H9)4] (3) (34%) and [OsO(C8H9)4] (4) (4%) while that with C8H9OMgBr (C8H9O = 4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl) afforded [OsO(C8H9O)4] (5) in 20% yield. Oxidation of 3 with 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid afforded 4 in good yield. The solid-state structures of 1 and 4 have been established by X-ray crystallography. Crystals of 1 are tetragonal with a = 13.080(1) and c = 6.6506(5) Å, V = 1137.9(1) Å3, Z = 2, and space group of P4/n; while those of 4 are tetragonal with a = 13.593(2) and c = 7.377(2) Å, V = 1363.0(5) Å3, Z = 4, and space group of P4/n. The geometry around osmium in both complexes is square pyramidal with the oxo ligand occupying apical position. The OsO and OsC distances in 1 are 1.652(2) and 2.084(1) Å, respectively, while those in 4 are 1.688(7) and 2.088(4) Å, respectively. The cyclic voltammograms of the monooxo aryl osmium(VI) compounds show reversible Os(VI/V) couple at around 1.4 V vs. ferrocene/ferrocenium couple.Key words: osmium(VI), oxo aryl complexes.

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11

Shul’pin, Georgiy B., Aleksandr R. Kudinov, Lidia S. Shul’pina, and Elena A. Petrovskaya. "Oxidations catalyzed by osmium compounds. Part 1: Efficient alkane oxidation with peroxides catalyzed by an olefin carbonyl osmium(0) complex." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 691, no. 5 (2006): 837–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jorganchem.2005.10.028.

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12

Tsujimoto, Masaki, Kenichi Maruyama, Yuji Mishima, and Junko Motonaka. "Enzyme Biosensor Based on an Electropolymerized Osmium Redox Polymer." International Journal of Modern Physics B 17, no. 08n09 (2003): 1517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979203019253.

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Electrochemical polymerizations of metal complex as electron mediator in aqueous solution have been developed. The metal complexes as electron mediator of biosensor for practical application have a rapid electron transfer rate, a chemical stability, and an accessible manipulation. The electro-polymerized redox polymer relatively decreased the enzyme and catalytic activity, although these could be treated in organic solvent. In this work, the water-soluble osmium complex-modified pyrrole derivatives with long, flexible spacer chain were synthesized. The electro-polymerized redox polymer was generally produced by potential sweep copolymerization (-400 mV -/+1200 mV (vs. Ag|AgCl(sat.KCl))) of water-soluble osmium complex-modified pyrrole monomer and glucose oxidase (GOD) on the top of a Pt electrode in aqueous solution. With the electro-polymerized osmium redox polymer modified electrode, calibration graphs for measurements of glucose and the effect of concomitant compounds, dissolved oxygen and the lifetimes of the sensor were electrochemistry examined, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the response of the sensors was in the concentration ranges of 0.6 mM-100 mM for glucose.

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13

González-Fernández, Rebeca, Javier Borge, Pascale Crochet, and Victorio Cadierno. "Half-Sandwich Arene-Osmium(II) Complexes with Phosphinite Ligands." Molbank 2020, no. 1 (2020): M1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/m1110.

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The synthesis of a series of arene-osmium(II) complexes containing phosphinite-type ligands, namely, [OsCl2(η6-p-cymene){R2PO(CH2)nPh}] (R = Ph, n = 1 (4a), 2 (4b), 3 (4c); R = iPr, n = 1 (5a), 2 (5b), 3 (5c)) and [OsCl2(η6-benzene){iPr2PO(CH2)2Ph}] (7), is presented. All these compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy (31P{1H}, 1H and 13C{1H}), and the structure of [OsCl2(η6-p-cymene){Ph2PO(CH2)3Ph}] (4c) unequivocally confirmed through a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. Attempts to generate the tethered species [OsCl2{η6:κ1(P)-C6H5(CH2)nOPR2}] by intramolecular exchange of the coordinated arene in 4-5a-c or 7, upon thermal or MW heating, failed.

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14

Lee, Jonghyuk, Geun-Bae Yi, Douglas R. Powell, Masood A. Khan, and George B. Richter-Addo. "Synthesis, characterization, and protonation of octaethylporphyrin osmium nitrosyl complexes containing axial thiolate ligands - X-ray structures of an alkyl thionitrite (RSNO) and its (OEP)Os(NO)(SR) addition product." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 79, no. 5-6 (2001): 830–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v00-168.

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The (OEP)Os(NO)(SR) compounds (R = Me, Et, i-Pr, t-Bu) have been prepared in 33-48% isolated yields by the formal trans-addition of the precursor alkyl thionitrites (RSNO) across the metal center in (OEP)Os(CO). The nitrosyl thiolate compounds have been characterized by IR, 1H NMR, and UV-vis spectroscopy, and by FAB mass spectrometry. Their IR spectra display bands in the 1751-1755 cm-1 (KBr) range, which is indicative of terminal N-bound NO ligands in this class of compounds. The thiolate-thiol (OEP)Os(NO)(SCH2CH2SH) complex has been prepared in 70% isolated yield from the reaction of (OEP)Os(NO)(O-i-C5H11) with ethane-1,2-dithiol. Nitrosation of the free -SH group in (OEP)Os(NO)(SCH2CH2SH) with t-BuONO, followed by reaction with (TTP)Ru(CO) gave [(OEP)Os(NO)](µ-SCH2CH2S-S,S')[Ru(NO)(TTP)] in 70% yield by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The (OEP)Os(NO)(SCR'2CH2NHC(O)Me) compounds have also been prepared either by an alkoxide-thiolate exchange reaction (for R' = H) or by RSNO addition to (OEP)Os(CO) (for R' = Me). The solid-state molecular structures of the precursor RSNO thionitrite (for R' = Me) and the metalloderivative have been determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Protonation of these (OEP)Os(NO)(SCR'2CH2NHC(O)Me) complexes gave the amide-bound [(OEP)Os(NO)(O=C(Me)NHCH2CR'2SH)]BF4 derivatives. The latter cationic compounds were also obtained by the sequential reaction of (OEP)Os(CO) with nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate, followed by addition of the amide-thiol reagent. Key words: thionitrite, nitrosothiol, porphyrin, X-ray structure, nitric oxide, osmium.

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15

Leigh, G. J. "Gmelin handbook of inorganic and organometallic chemistry, 8th edition, osmium part a / 1, organoosmium compounds." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 463, no. 1-2 (1993): C11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-328x(93)83432-u.

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16

Alabau, Roberto G., Beatriz Eguillor, Jim Esler, et al. "CCC–Pincer–NHC Osmium Complexes: New Types of Blue-Green Emissive Neutral Compounds for Organic Light-Emitting Devices (OLEDs)." Organometallics 33, no. 19 (2014): 5582–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om500905t.

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17

Leigh, G. J. "Gmelin handbook of inorganic and organometallic chemistry (8th edition) Os-Ismium, Organo-osmium compounds, volume B3." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 522, no. 1 (1996): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-328x(96)06368-1.

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18

Díaz-Moreno, S., and D. T. Bowron. "Determination of the In-Solution Molecular Structure of Reactive Osmium Compounds Involved in the Synthesis of Vicinal Diols." Organometallics 22, no. 3 (2003): 390–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om020651z.

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19

Gaiddon, Christian, Isabelle Gross, Xiangjun Meng, et al. "Bypassing the Resistance Mechanisms of the Tumor Ecosystem by Targeting the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway Using Ruthenium- and Osmium-Based Organometallic Compounds: An Exciting Long-Term Collaboration with Dr. Michel Pfeffer." Molecules 26, no. 17 (2021): 5386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175386.

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Metal complexes have been used to treat cancer since the discovery of cisplatin and its interaction with DNA in the 1960’s. Facing the resistance mechanisms against platinum salts and their side effects, safer therapeutic approaches have been sought through other metals, including ruthenium. In the early 2000s, Michel Pfeffer and his collaborators started to investigate the biological activity of organo-ruthenium/osmium complexes, demonstrating their ability to interfere with the activity of purified redox enzymes. Then, they discovered that these organo-ruthenium/osmium complexes could act independently of DNA damage and bypass the requirement for the tumor suppressor gene TP53 to induce the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway, which is an original cell death pathway. They showed that other types of ruthenium complexes—as well complexes with other metals (osmium, iron, platinum)—can induce this pathway as well. They also demonstrated that ruthenium complexes accumulate in the ER after entering the cell using passive and active mechanisms. These particular physico-chemical properties of the organometallic complexes designed by Dr. Pfeffer contribute to their ability to reduce tumor growth and angiogenesis. Taken together, the pioneering work of Dr. Michel Pfeffer over his career provides us with a legacy that we have yet to fully embrace.

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20

Fadlalla, Mohamed, Glenn Maguire, and Holger Friedrich. "The Heterogeneous Aminohydroxylation Reaction Using Hydrotalcite-Like Catalysts Containing Osmium." Catalysts 8, no. 11 (2018): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8110547.

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The aminohydroxylation reaction of olefins is a key organic transformation reaction, typically carried out homogeneously with toxic and expensive osmium (Os) catalysts. Therefore, heterogenisation of this reaction can unlock its industrial potential by allowing reusability of the catalyst. Os–Zn–Al hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTlcs), as potential heterogeneous aminohydroxylation catalysts, were synthesised by the co-precipitation method and characterised by several techniques. Reaction parameters (i.e., solvent system, reaction temperature, and catalyst structure) were optimized with cyclohexene, styrene, and hexene as substrates. The different classes of olefins (aliphatic, aromatic, and functionalised) that were tested gave >99% conversion and high selectivity (>97%) to the corresponding β-amino alcohol. The catalyst HTlc structure had a significant effect on the reaction time and yield of the β-amino alcohols. Under the same testing conditions, a heat treated catalyst (non-HTlc) showed a shorter reaction time, but drop in the yield of β-amino alcohols and rise in diol formation was observed. Leaching tests showed that 2.9% and 3.4% of Os (inactive) leached from the catalyst to the reaction solution when MeCN/water (1:1 v/v) and t-BuOH/water (1:1 v/v), respectively, were used as the solvent system. Recycling studies showed that the catalyst can be reused at least thrice, with no significant difference in the yield of the β-amino-alcohol.

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21

Canal, John P., Michael C. Jennings, Glenn PA Yap та Roland K. Pomeroy. "The series Os4(µx-η2-C2Ph2)(CO)14n (n = 0, 1, 2; x = n + 2) Models for site-specific surface catalysts". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 84, № 2 (2006): 176–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v05-239.

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The cluster Os4(µ-η2-C2Ph2)(CO)14 (1) has been prepared from the reaction of Os4(CO)14 and C2Ph2 in CH2Cl2 at 25 °C. Other minor products include the known clusters Os3(µ3-η2-C2Ph2)(CO)10 and Os3(µ-η4-C4Ph4)(CO)9. The structure of 1 reveals an approximately planar C2Os4 skeleton with a dimetallacyclobutene ring (CC = 1.32(4) Å) and a flat butterfly Os4 unit (OsOs range = 2.859(2)2.916(2) Å). The 13C{1H} NMR spectrum of 1 indicates the carbonyl ligands are rigid at room temperature. Stirring 1 in CH2Cl2 for 2 days (ambient temperature) afforded Os4(µ3-η2-C2Ph2)(CO)13 (2). The Os atoms in 2 also have an almost flat butterfly arrangement (OsOs range = 2.7392(7)2.8947(6) Å) with the alkyne ligand located over one of the Os3 triangles. The 13C NMR data for 2 are consistent with rapid rotation on the NMR timescale of the hinge Os(CO)3 units at 21 °C, but slow rotation at 50 °C. Heating 2 at 40 °C gave Os4(µ4-η2-C2Ph2)(CO)12 (3) after 2 days. Cluster 3 has the common butterfly arrangement of Os atoms with the C2Ph2 bound to all four metal atoms (OsOs range = 2.7457(5)2.8742(5) Å). The 13C{1H} NMR spectra of 3 at 21 and 90 °C indicate there is rapid CO exchange of the carbonyls of the two types of Os(CO)3 units, but not between the units. The spectrum at 90 °C indicates one of the rotations (presumed to be that involving the carbonyls of the wingtip Os(CO)3 units) is slowed on the NMR timescale. Compounds 13 form a unique series of clusters that have an alkyne ligand bound to two, three, and four metal atoms. Compound 1 is a model for a corner, compound 2 for a planar surface, and compound 3 a step site, in site-specific surface catalysts.Key words: osmium cluster, diphenylacetylene, dimetallacyclobutene, carbonyl exchange, surface catalysis.

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22

Leal, Felipe A., Ivan M. Lorkovic, Peter C. Ford, et al. "Synthesis, characterization, and molecular structures of nitrosyl nitrito complexes of osmium porphyrins: Disproportionation of nitric oxide in its reaction with Os(P)(CO) (P = porphyrinato dianion)." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 81, no. 7 (2003): 872–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v03-091.

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The Os(P)(NO)(ONO) compounds (P = TTP, TMP, OEP, TmTP; TTP = 5,10,15,20-tetra-p-tolylporphyrinato dianion, TMP = 5,10,15,20-tetramesitylporphyrinato dianion, OEP = octaethylporphyrinato dianion, TmTP = tetra(m-tolyl)porphyrinato dianion) have been prepared from the reaction of the precursor carbonyl complexes Os(P)(CO) with excess nitric oxide. Nitrous oxide was detected as a by-product of the reaction. The IR spectra of the Os(P)(NO)(ONO) compounds (as KBr pellets) reveal bands in the 17901804 cm1 range that are assigned to υNO. The IR spectra also reveal two new bands for each complex in the 14951531 and 913962 cm1 ranges indicative of O-bound nitrito ligands. The linearity of the bound NO groups and the O-binding of the trans nitrito ligands in the Os(P)(NO)(ONO) complexes are evident in the single-crystal X-ray crystal structures of the TTP and TMP derivatives. The kinetics of the reaction were studied by stopped-flow mixing techniques. Spectroscopic analysis of rapidly mixed solutions of Os(P)CO and NO in toluene showed a biphasic approach to the Os(P)(NO)(ONO) and N2O products, owing to the starting material Os(P)CO scavenging CO formed during the reaction to give Os(P)(CO)2 (KCO = 106 M1). The dicarbonyl was the only transient species observed. It is proposed that the rate-determining step of the reaction leading to Os(P)(NO)(ONO) is NO displacement of CO from Os(P)(CO) via initial formation of an unstable 19 electron Os(P)(NO)(CO) intermediate.Key words: osmium, nitric oxide, X-ray, nitrosyl, porphyrin, kinetics.

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23

Kong, Fung-Sze, та Wing-Tak Wong. "Syntheses, crystal structures and spectroelectrochemical studies of two isomeric binuclear osmium carbonyl compounds [{Os(CO)2Ph}2{μ-η2-SC(NNPh)2}2]". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 589, № 2 (1999): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-328x(99)00402-7.

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24

Esteruelas, Miguel A., та Ana M. López. "C−C Coupling and C−H Bond Activation Reactions of Cyclopentadienyl−Osmium Compounds: The Rich and Varied Chemistry of Os(η5-C5H5)Cl(PiPr3)2and Its Major Derivatives". Organometallics 24, № 15 (2005): 3584–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om050272g.

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25

Mendoza, Consuelo, Sylvain Bernès, Hugo Torrens, and Maribel Arroyo. "Carbon−Fluorine Bond Activation in Thermolysis Reactions of the Osmium(IV) Perfluorothiolate Compounds [Os(SC6F5)4(P(C6H4X-4)3)] (X = CF3, Cl, F, H, CH3, and OCH3)." Organometallics 29, no. 12 (2010): 2646–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om901065g.

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26

Werner, Helmut, Rudolf Weinand, Wolfgang Knaup, Karl Peters, and Hans George Von Schnering. "Vinylidene transition-metal complexes. 18. (Arene)osmium complexes containing alkynyl, vinyl, vinylidene, and thio- and selenoketene units as ligands: a series of organometallic compounds built up from 1-alkynes." Organometallics 10, no. 12 (1991): 3967–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om00058a010.

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27

SINGH, SANTOSH BAHADUR. "IRIDIUM CHEMISTRY AND ITS CATALYTIC APPLICATIONS: A BRIEF." Green Chemistry & Technology Letters 2, no. 4 (2016): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/gctl.2016.247.

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Iridium is very important element among the all transition metals with highest reported oxidation state i.e. +9 in gas phase existing species IrO4+. Instead of its less reactivity, it forms number of compounds having oxidation states between -3 to +9. It is second known densest element after osmium. Till now its toxicity and environmental impact is not much more reported and thus it may be use as green element in various fields of its application. Reason behinds it’s less toxicity and environmental impact may be due to its less reactivity and solubility. Corrosion and heat resistant properties of Iridium makes it much more useful element for alloying purpose. Iridium is the member of platinum family and used as catalyst due to its variable oxidation states. Iridium(III) complexes show great catalytic activity in both the acidic and basic medium for various organic as well as inorganic chemical transformations. Catalyst may be defined as the substance which can increases the rate of reaction of a specific chemical reaction without changing its own composition. Iridium is only one reported catalyst which is able to capture the sunlight and convert it into the chemical energy. Thus, it may be used in artificial photosynthesis process to solve our future food problem. Instead of these advantage, Iridium chemistry and its catalytic activity is not much reviewed till date, therefore, present review includes a brief introduction about chemistry and catalytic application of Iridium, which proof itself a boon for beginners to start their research career in the field of Iridium chemistry.

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28

Chen, Julie Y., Kevin R. Grundy, and Katherine N. Robertson. "Nitrosyl complexes of rhenium. 3. The synthesis and substitution reactions of [ReH(CH3OH)(NO)(PPh3)3]ClO4 derived from the reaction of ReH2(NO)(PPh3)3 with HClO4. Members of the series ReHX(NO)(PPh3)3." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 7 (1989): 1187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-179.

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ReH2(NO)(PPh3)3 reacts with alcoholic HClO4 to yield the solvated cation, [ReH(ROH)(NO)(PPh3)3]ClO4 (R = CH3, C2H5) which can be isolated as an explosive solid (R = CH3 only). In the solid state, the perchlorate counter ion is hydrogen bound to the ligated alcohol, as observed for [ReH(CH3OH)(CO)(NO)(PPh3)2]ClO4. This latter complex also results from the reaction of [ReH(CH3OH)(NO)(PPh3)3]ClO4 with CO under ambient conditions. On reaction with p-tolylisocyanide (RNC), however, substitution is also accompanied by dihydrogen elimination to give [Re(OR)(NO)(CNR)2(PPh3)2]ClO4, irrespective of the mole ratio of the reactants. In contrast, [ReH(CH3OH)(NO)(PPh3)3]ClO4 reacts with coordinating anions with loss of methanol to give air-sensitive ReHX(NO)(PPh3)3 (X = OCH3, F, Cl, Br, I, N3, NCO, SCN), of which only those with X = Cl, Br, N3 were characterized in solution. The compounds ReHX(NO)(PPh3)3 are similar to their osmium analogues in having a labile third phosphine. Thus, reaction with neutral ligands such as CO or RNC leads to the series of neutral rhenium hydrido nitrosyls ReHX(L)(NO)(PPh3)2. Prior to this work, the only known examples from this series were those with L = CO, X = H, F, OCH3. Interestingly, the isomer of ReHF(CO)(NO)(PPh3)2 isolated in this work differs from that previously isolated (from the reaction of [ReF(CO)(NO)(PPh3)3]+ with [Formula: see text]) in having F trans to NO. All structural assignments have been made on the basis of elemental analyses, infrared spectroscopy, 1H and 31P nmr spectroscopy and deuteration studies, where appropriate. Keywords: hydrido, nytrosyl, rhenium, complexes.

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29

Johnston, Laura J., and Michael C. Baird. "Oxidative addition reactions of compounds of the type (.eta.5-C5Me5)Os(CO)LR (L = CO, PMe2Ph; R = alkyl). The role of oxidized intermediates in electrophilic cleavage reactions of osmium-carbon .sigma.-bonds." Organometallics 7, no. 12 (1988): 2469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om00102a007.

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30

Shorafa, Hashem, and Konrad Seppelt. "Osmium(VII) Fluorine Compounds." Inorganic Chemistry 45, no. 19 (2006): 7929–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic0608290.

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31

Hunt, Sean W., Li Yang, Xiaoping Wang та Michael G. Richmond. "New osmium cluster compounds containing the heterocyclic ligand 2,3-bis-(diphenylphosphino)quinoxaline (dppq): Ligand isomerization and crystal structures of dppq, the isomeric clusters Os3(CO)10(dppq), and HOs3(CO)9[μ-2,3-PhP(η1-C6H4)(Ph2P)quinoxaline]". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 696, № 7 (2011): 1432–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jorganchem.2011.01.019.

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32

Hanack, Michael, and Petra Vermehren. "(Phthalocyaninato)osmium(II) and bisaxially coordinated (phthalocyaninato)osmium(II) compounds." Inorganic Chemistry 29, no. 1 (1990): 134–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00326a027.

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33

Burmakina, Galina V., Anatoly I. Rubaylo, Vladimir P. Kirin, and Vladimir A. Maksakov. "Redox Properties of Heterometallic Osmium Cluster Compounds." Journal of Siberian Federal University. Chemistry 9, no. 4 (2016): 483–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17516/1998-2836-2016-9-4-483-495.

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34

Lewis, Jack, and Paul R. Raithby. "Reflections on osmium and ruthenium carbonyl compounds." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 500, no. 1-2 (1995): 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-328x(95)00512-o.

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35

Lewis, Jack, and John R. Moss. "The controlled synthesis of triosmium chain clusters." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 73, no. 7 (1995): 1236–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v95-151.

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The reaction of H2Os3(CO)12 with ClSnPh3 in the presence of diethylamine gives exclusively the pentametallic chain compound 1,3-ax,ax-Ph3SnOs(CO)4Os(CO)4Os(CO)4SnPh3. A similar reaction with ClAuPPh3 gives 1,3-ax,eq-Ph3PAuOs(CO)4Os(CO)4Os(CO)4AuPPh3. The di-tin compound reacts with HCl to give 1,3-ax,ax-Cl3SnOs(CO)4Os(CO)4Os(CO)4SnCl3. These products are obtained in high yield and the reactions are selective. Keywords: osmium carbonyl chain cluster complex.

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36

Mykhalyna, Galyna, and Teodoziya Vrublevska. "Peculiarities of Osmium Compounds Interaction with Some Flavonoids." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 5, no. 2 (2011): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht05.02.147.

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37

Clark, G. R., C. E. F. Rickard, W. R. Roper, D. M. Salter, and L. J. Wright. "Compounds with ruthenium-silicon and osmium-silicon bonds." Pure and Applied Chemistry 62, no. 6 (1990): 1039–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199062061039.

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38

Puerta, M. Carmen, and Pedro Valerga. "Ruthenium and osmium vinylidene complexes and some related compounds." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 193-195 (October 1999): 977–1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-8545(99)00166-6.

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39

Li, Yinwei, Jian Hao, and Ying Xu. "Predicting hard metallic osmium–carbon compounds under high pressure." Physics Letters A 376, no. 46 (2012): 3535–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2012.10.021.

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40

LEWIS, J., and P. R. RAITHBY. "ChemInform Abstract: Reflections on Osmium and Ruthenium Carbonyl Compounds." ChemInform 27, no. 8 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199608303.

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41

Bonishko, O. S., T. Ya Vrublevs’ka, O. Z. Zvir, and O. P. Dobryans’ka. "Spectrophotometric determination of osmium (IV) ions in intermetallic compounds." Materials Science 44, no. 2 (2008): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11003-008-9059-1.

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42

Gee, Ivan. "Volatile Organic Compounds." Indoor and Built Environment 5, no. 3 (1996): 187–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x9600500311.

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43

Gee, Ivan. "Volatile Organic Compounds." Indoor and Built Environment 5, no. 3 (1996): 187–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000463709.

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44

Eaborn, Colin. "Naming organic compounds." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 393, no. 3 (1990): C56—C57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-328x(90)85182-x.

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45

Crans, Debbie, Anastasios Keramidas, and Chryssoula Drouza. "Organic Vanadium Compounds - Transition State Analogy with Organic Phosphorus Compounds." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 109, no. 1 (1996): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426509608545136.

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46

Batchelor, Raymond J., Harry B. Davis, Frederick W. B. Einstein, et al. "Photochemical synthesis of trinuclear cluster compounds of osmium and a Group 6 metal atom. Structures of (OC)5M[Os(CO)3(PMe3)]2 (M = chromium, tungsten), (OC)5Mo{Os(CO)3[P(OMe)3]}2/[(MeO)3P](OC)4OsMo(CO)5 (1/1), and (OC)4W[(.mu.-H)Os(CO)3(PMe3)]2." Organometallics 11, no. 11 (1992): 3555–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om00059a019.

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47

Chen, Hong, Zi-Chao Tang, Rong-Bin Huang, and Lan-Sun Zheng. "Photodissociation Mass Spectrometry of Trinuclear Carbonyl Clusters M3(CO)12 (M = Fe, Ru, Os)." European Journal of Mass Spectrometry 6, no. 1 (2000): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/ejms.301.

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Photodissociation of trinuclear carbonyl cluster compounds of Fe, Ru and Os was studied by recording the mass spectra produced from laser ablation of the cluster compounds. Under the experimental conditions, dissociation of the cluster compounds is very extensive, but the dissociation pathway of the osmium cluster is different from those of the iron and ruthenium clusters. The iron and ruthenium clusters not only lost their carbonyl ligands, but their cluster cores were also fragmented. As the osmium cluster dissociated, it ejected three pairs of oxygen atoms, in sequence, before losing the carbonyl ligands, but the trinuclear osmium core did not fragment. This specific dissociation scheme of the osmium cluster reveals its special structural stability. Not only does it have stronger metal-metal bonds, but also a relatively stable coordination bond formed between osmium and carbonyl ligands. In addition, different distributions of positive and negative fragment ions were observed in the experiment. This difference is interpreted as the result of different stabilities of their electronic structures.

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48

Banert, Klaus, Manuel Heck, Andreas Ihle, Erik Michael, and Richard Weber. "Record-Breaking Steric Crowding in Trialkylamines Prepared by Oxidative Ring Opening." Synthesis 52, no. 24 (2020): 3801–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1707294.

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AbstractEpoxidation of olefinic heterocyclic amines and subsequent acid-catalyzed hydrolysis or alternatively the direct dihydroxylation with the help of osmium tetroxide led to diols, which underwent ring cleavage in the presence of lead tetraacetate to give 3-isopropyl-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-azahexanedial and 3-tert-butyl-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-azapentanedial. Whereas the former dialdehyde is a highly unstable model compound because of a rapid intramolecular aldol reaction, the latter product proves to be isolable at room temperature. Furthermore, this compound is the first open-chain tri-tert-alkylamine establishing in a new record of steric crowding in tertiary amines. Strong tendencies to a Hofmann-like elimination reaction or to ring-closing reactions were observed when the aldehyde units of 3-tert-butyl-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-azapentanedial were transformed into other functionalities, since both types of reactions led to a significantly decrease of the steric stress.

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49

Danopoulos, Andreas A., and Geoffrey Wilkinson. "Homoleptic t-butylimido compounds of osmium(VIII) and chromium(VI)." Polyhedron 9, no. 7 (1990): 1009–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-5387(00)84305-3.

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50

Michl, Josef, and John Gladysz. "Strained Organic Compounds: Introduction." Chemical Reviews 89, no. 5 (1989): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr00095a600.

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