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Journal articles on the topic 'Osmium'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 June 2025

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1

Koga, Hironori, Takao Tsukiboshi, and Tsutomu Uematsu. "Application of an osmium-maceration technique to observe plant–microbe interfaces of Italian ryegrass and crown rust fungi by scanning electron microscopy." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 2 (1992): 438–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-057.

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The osmium-maceration technique (osmium–DMSO–osmium method) was used to observe intracellular structures of Italian ryegrass leaves infected with crown rust fungus (Puccinia coronata Corda var. coronata) by scanning electron microscopy. Prolonged maceration with dilute osmium removed the cytoplasmic matrix, and intracellular structures were disclosed in a bold relief. The three-dimensional configuration of nuclei, mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum, and other structures of host and parasite cells were visible. Key words: scanning electron microscopy (SEM), osmic maceration, intracellular structure, Puccinia coronata, Italian ryegrass.

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2

Yang, Yunfei, Junhao Sun, Wei Liu, et al. "Study on the Densification of Osmium by Experiment and First Principle Calculations." Materials 15, no. 22 (2022): 8011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15228011.

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The sintering of osmium is critical for the preparation of raw material targets for film coating, which is the main application area of osmium. In order to get a better understanding of the intrinsic mechanism of densification of osmium, a serial study on the sintering behavior of osmium has been made in this study. By the master sintering curve (MSC) and constant heating rate (CHR) method, the sintering activation energy of nanosized osmium is evaluated to be about 340 kJ/mol, which is higher than most other metals. The density–functional theory calculation indicates the higher energy barrier of the surface atom and vacancy migration and lacking migration tunnel of inner point vacancies. For example, the diffusion of osmium atoms on the surface of particles is mainly limited by Os (1010), which has an energy barrier as high as 1.14 eV, that is higher than the W atom on W (110) of 0.99 eV. The vacancy migration energy barrier inside osmium’s grains is higher than 3.0 eV, while that of W is only 1.7 eV. This means that it is more difficult for osmium to achieve a high density compared with W, which is consistent with the experimental results. Accordingly, the proposed strategy provides a new opportunity to design a sintering process for target fabrication with excellent properties for various applications.

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3

SHOTT, IAN. "OSMIUM." Chemical & Engineering News 81, no. 36 (2003): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v081n036.p146.

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4

Seddon, E. "Osmium." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 67, no. 1 (1985): 243–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-8545(85)85015-3.

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5

Constable, Edwin C., and Catherine E. Housecroft. "Osmium." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 124, no. 1-2 (1993): 183–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-8545(93)80007-r.

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6

Ward, Michael D. "Osmium." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 127, no. 1-2 (1993): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-8545(93)80053-8.

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7

Heidari, Alireza, Margaret Hotz, Nancy MacDonald, et al. "A new strategy to destroy cancer cells using osmium dioxide (OsO2) and osmium tetroxide (OsO4) nanoparticles and magnetic fields under synchrotron and synchrocyclotron radiations." International Journal of Advanced Chemistry 9, no. 2 (2021): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v9i2.31657.

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In the current research, a new strategy to destroy cancer cells using Osmium Dioxide (OsO2) and Osmium Tetroxide (OsO4) nanoparticles and magnetic fields under synchrotron and synchrocyclotron radiations is investigated. The calculation of thickness and optical constants of Osmium Dioxide (OsO2) and Osmium Tetroxide (OsO4) a new strategy to destroy cancer cells using Osmium Dioxide (OsO2) and Osmium Tetroxide (OsO4) nanoparticles and magnetic fields under synchrotron and synchrocyclotron radiations produced using sol–gel method over glassy medium through a single reflection spectrum is presented. To obtain an appropriate fit for reflection spectrum, the classic Drude–Lorentz model for parametric di–electric function is used. The best fitting parameters are determined to simulate the reflection spectrum using Lovenberg–Marquardt optimization method. The simulated reflectivity from the derived optical constants and thickness are in good agreement with experimental results. A new strategy to destroy cancer cells using Osmium Dioxide (OsO2) and Osmium Tetroxide (OsO4) nanoparticles and magnetic fields under synchrotron and synchrocyclotron radiations

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8

Alireza, Heidari, Hotz Margaret, MacDonald Nancy, et al. "Catalytic Effectiveness of Synchrotron and Synchrocyclotron Radiations on Osmium Dioxide (OsO2) and Osmium Tetroxide (OsO4) Nano Capsules Delivery in DNA/RNA of Cancer Cells." Instant Journal of Hematology and Oncology 3, no. 1 (2021): 195–238. https://doi.org/10.36811/ijho.2021.110014.

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In the current research, catalytic effectiveness of synchrotron and synchrocyclotron radiations on Osmium Dioxide (OsO<sub>2</sub>) and Osmium Tetroxide (OsO<sub>4</sub>) nano capsules delivery in DNA/RNA of cancer cells is investigated. The calculation of thickness and optical constants of Osmium Dioxide (OsO<sub>2</sub>) and Osmium Tetroxide (OsO<sub>4</sub>) catalytic effectiveness of synchrotron and synchrocyclotron radiations on Osmium Dioxide (OsO<sub>2</sub>) and Osmium Tetroxide (OsO<sub>4</sub>) nano capsules delivery in DNA/RNA of cancer cells produced using sol-gel method over glassy medium through a single reflection spectrum is presented. To obtain an appropriate fit for reflection spectrum, the classic Drudge-Lorentz model for parametric di–electric function is used. The best fitting parameters are determined to simulate the reflection spectrum using Levenberg-Marquardt optimization method. The simulated reflectivity from the derived optical constants and thickness are in good agreement with experimental results. <strong>Keywords:</strong> Catalytic Effectiveness; Synchrotron and Synchrocyclotron Radiations; Osmium Dioxide (OsO<sub>2</sub>) and Osmium Tetroxide (OsO<sub>4</sub>) Nano Capsules; Delivery; DNA/RNA; Cancer Cells https://www.raftpubs.com/ijho-hematology-and-oncology/articles/ijho_raft1014.php

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9

Albu, Paul Constantin, Andreea Ferencz (Dinu), Hussam Nadum Abdalraheem Al-Ani, et al. "Osmium Recovery as Membrane Nanomaterials through 10–Undecenoic Acid Reduction Method." Membranes 12, no. 1 (2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12010051.

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The recovery of osmium from residual osmium tetroxide (OsO4) is a necessity imposed by its high toxicity, but also by the technical-economic value of metallic osmium. An elegant and extremely useful method is the recovery of osmium as a membrane catalytic material, in the form of nanoparticles obtained on a polymeric support. The subject of the present study is the realization of a composite membrane in which the polymeric matrix is the polypropylene hollow fiber, and the active component consists of the osmium nanoparticles obtained by reducing an alcoholic solution of osmium tetroxides directly on the polymeric support. The method of reducing osmium tetroxide on the polymeric support is based on the use of 10-undecenoic acid (10–undecylenic acid) (UDA) as a reducing agent. The osmium tetroxide was solubilized in t–butanol and the reducing agent, 10–undecenoic acid (UDA), in i–propanol, t–butanol or n–decanol solution. The membranes containing osmium nanoparticles (Os–NP) were characterized morphologically by the following: scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution SEM (HR–SEM), structurally: energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In terms of process performance, thermal gravimetric analysis was performed by differential scanning calorimetry (TGA, DSC) and in a redox reaction of an organic marker, p–nitrophenol (PNP) to p–aminophenol (PAP). The catalytic reduction reaction with sodium tetraborate solution of PNP to PAP yielded a constant catalytic rate between 2.04 × 10−4 mmol s−1 and 8.05 × 10−4 mmol s−1.

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10

Snow, J. E. "Recycling Osmium." Science 272, no. 5263 (1996): 825–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.272.5263.825.

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11

Young, Jay A. "Osmium Tetroxide." Journal of Chemical Education 79, no. 9 (2002): 1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed079p1064.

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12

Ward, Michael D. "Osmium 1995." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 164 (September 1997): 483–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-8545(97)00036-2.

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13

CHARMANT, J. "Osmium 1996." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 172, no. 1 (1998): 437–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-8545(98)00097-6.

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14

Richter, Birgit, and Helmut Werner. "Hydrido-Osmium(II), -Osmium(IV) and-Osmium(VI) Complexes with Functionalized Phosphanes as Ligands." European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2009, no. 35 (2009): 5433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.200900706.

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15

Lowery, William, Pragun R. Tuladhar, and David E. Cliffel. "Optimization of Osmium Metal Loading in Redox Polymer for Biosensing Applications." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 64 (2023): 3281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02643281mtgabs.

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Historically, polymers have been utilized to provide a three-dimensional interface for proteins and enzymes in devices such as biosensors and biohybrid solar cells. While these polymers can provide a scaffold onto which biomolecules can be immobilized, their true utility comes from the ability of some polymers to enhance electrochemical processes. Osmium-containing redox polymers are crucial in biosensor applications because they can exclude signals from interferent molecules by shifting the operating voltage of the working electrode. While osmium redox polymers have been used for many years, there is little literature available discussing the incorporation of the osmium onto the polymer backbone. Specifically, how the polymer properties are affected by varying metal loadings is particularly lacking. In this work, the metal loading, or the percentage of polymer side chains containing an osmium unit, is varied from 2 – 32% (as determined by 1H NMR). The electrochemical properties of the osmium-containing polymers are then determined by cyclic voltammetry. It is hypothesized that higher osmium loading will correlate with easier electron transfer and overall improved sensor performance when interfaced with biosensors. Preliminary data has supported this hypothesis and further reinforces the need for such a comprehensive, yet fundamental study of osmium redox polymers to inform the biosensor community.

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16

Lay, Peter A., and Alan M. Sargeson. "Tris(1,2-ethanediamine) complexes of osmium(IV), osmium(III) and osmium(II): oxidative dehydrogenation reactions." Inorganica Chimica Acta 198-200 (August 1992): 449–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-1693(00)92389-2.

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17

Hope, Eric G., William Levason, and J. Steven Ogden. "Spectroscopic studies on matrix isolated osmium pentafluoride oxide, osmium tetrafluoride oxide, and osmium difluoride trioxide." Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions, no. 1 (1988): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/dt9880000061.

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18

Kiernan, John A. "Recycling Osmium Tetroxide." Microscopy Today 9, no. 1 (2001): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500051312.

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Osmium tetroxide is indeed wonderful stuff. Osmium is a rare element, so disposal of used solutions should consist of recycling, not dumping, even though osmium compounds are not considered environmentally hazardous (Smith et al., 1978 Trace Metal in the Environment, vol 4. Ann Arbor Science Publishers). The colorless and soluble toxic tetroxide. is rapidly reduced by almost any kind of dirt to a black, insoluble dioxide, usually in a colloidal form that's readily dispersed by moving water if it isn't firmly stuck to the solid organic matter that brought about the reduction.

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19

Ma, Junda, Yang Xia, Yuanfeng Xie, Hong Lv, and Chao Zhang. "Preparation Process and Quality Characterization of High Density Fine Grain Osmium Target for Coated Cathode." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2194, no. 1 (2022): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2194/1/012029.

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Abstract High quality osmium targets are the key influence in improving the emission performance, lifetime and reliability of M-type cathodes. In this experiment, oxidative distillation was used to prepare osmium powder with a purity greater than 99.99%. The effect of hydrogen sintering and hot pressing sintering processes on the densities and grain size of the targets was investigated. The results show that the oxidation distillation process can effectively separate Os from Si, Fe, Ni, Zn and other impurity elements, and the purity of osmium powder prepared by multiple oxidation distillation was not less than 99.99%. Both hydrogen sintering and hot pressing sintering processes can be used to obtain osmium targets with a density of not less than 95%. However, the sintering temperature and time used in the hot pressing sintering process under pressure assistance are significantly lower than those of hydrogen sintering, which is more conducive to inhibiting grain growth during the high densification sintering process. By optimizing the parameters of the hot pressing sintering process, the sintering temperature of 1500°C and the holding time of 1.5h resulted in an osmium target with a density of 99.11% and a grain size of ≤12. XPS analysis of the highly dense fine crystalline osmium targets prepared by hot pressing sintering showed that the C and O mass fractions on the surface of the targets were 0.85% and 4.43% respectively, and the C and O contents gradually decreased with increasing etching depth. The above highly dense and fine crystalline osmium targets can be used in the M-type cathode standard coating process to obtain high purity, dense and strong bonded osmium films.

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20

BUCHLER, JOHANN W., and JOACHIM R. SIMON. "Metal complexes with tetrapyrrole ligands: Part LXXVII. New osmium complexes of the 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 05, no. 06 (2001): 500–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jpp.352.

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The synthesis and characterization of new alkali-soluble osmium tetraphenylporphyrinates, complexes of the 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin Os ( tH 4 cpp ) L 2 and Os ( tH 4 cpp ) LL ' (2a–j), is described. 2a–j are obtained from the corresponding new osmium porphyrinates Os ( tmecpp ) L 2 and Os ( tmecpp ) LL '(1a–k) by alkaline saponification and precipitation with hydrochloric acid. In fact, the osmium(II) porphyrinates 2c–f as well as 2i–j are oxidized to the osmium(III) porphyrinates Os ( tH 3 cpp ) L 2(3c–f) and Os ( tH 3 cpp ) LL '(3i–j) in the presence of air, as confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy.

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21

Friedova, Natalie, Daniela Pelclova, Nikola Obertova, Karel Lach, Katerina Kesslerova, and Pavel Kohout. "Osmium absorption after osmium tetroxide skin and eye exposure." Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology 127, no. 5 (2020): 429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bcpt.13450.

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22

Rydchuk, Mariana, Galyna Mykhalyna, Olga Dobryanska, Olha Korkuna, and Teodoziya Vrublevska. "Osmium assay in fixatives and stained rat tissues by means of acid and o,o′-dihydroxo substituted monoazo dyes and some flavonoids." Open Chemistry 9, no. 5 (2011): 886–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-011-0070-2.

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AbstractNew simple, rapid and accurate spectrophotometric techniques for osmium assays in fixatives and stained tissues have been elaborated using acid (Tropaeolin O, Tropaeolin OOO-I, Tropaeolin OOO-II, Orange G), o,o′-dihydroxo substituted azo dyes (Eriochrome Blue Black R, Acid Chrome Dark-Blue, Eriochrome Black T) and flavonoids (morin, quercetin, luteolin). Methods are based on sensitive osmium(IV) reactions with reagents and the formation of stable coloured compounds. Tolerance ratios of main matrix components of histological specimens during Os(IV) spectrophotometric determination with reagents has been established. Results of osmium determination in fixatives and fixed tissues, obtained by means of different reagents, appeared to be sufficiently similar, although effects of matrix components differ. The accuracy of spectrophotometric osmium assay in fixatives with azo dyes has been confirmed with voltammetric investigations. Results obtained from osmium uptake by rat gum tissues are valuable for clinical testing of dental drugs, indicating the influence of drug treatment on the gums.

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23

Chen, Hong, Zi-Chao Tang, Rong-Bin Huang, and Lan-Sun Zheng. "Photodissociation Mass Spectrometry of Trinuclear Carbonyl Clusters M3(CO)12 (M = Fe, Ru, Os)." European Journal of Mass Spectrometry 6, no. 1 (2000): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/ejms.301.

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Photodissociation of trinuclear carbonyl cluster compounds of Fe, Ru and Os was studied by recording the mass spectra produced from laser ablation of the cluster compounds. Under the experimental conditions, dissociation of the cluster compounds is very extensive, but the dissociation pathway of the osmium cluster is different from those of the iron and ruthenium clusters. The iron and ruthenium clusters not only lost their carbonyl ligands, but their cluster cores were also fragmented. As the osmium cluster dissociated, it ejected three pairs of oxygen atoms, in sequence, before losing the carbonyl ligands, but the trinuclear osmium core did not fragment. This specific dissociation scheme of the osmium cluster reveals its special structural stability. Not only does it have stronger metal-metal bonds, but also a relatively stable coordination bond formed between osmium and carbonyl ligands. In addition, different distributions of positive and negative fragment ions were observed in the experiment. This difference is interpreted as the result of different stabilities of their electronic structures.

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24

Ainscough, Eric W., Andrew M. Brodie, Richard K. Coll, and Joyce M. Waters. "The Interaction of Triosmium Clusters with Pyridinethiols: the Crystal and Molecular Structures of [{Os3(µ-H)(CO)10}2(µ-S2C4H2N2)]and [Os3(µ-H)(CO)10(µ-SC5H4N)]." Australian Journal of Chemistry 52, no. 8 (1999): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch99002.

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Pyrimidine-2,4-dithiol [HL 1 = (HS)2C4H2N2] and pyridine-2-thiol [HL 2 = (HS)C5H4N] form the osmium clusters [{Os3(µ-H)(CO)10}2(µ-S2C4H2N2)] and [Os3(µ-H)(CO)10(µ-SC5H4N)], each of which contain chelating µ,η1-thiolate ligands and hydride bridges across common edges of the osmium triangles. In the former complex two osmium triangles are linked together by the pyrimidinedithiolato ligand.

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25

Rydchuk, Mariana, Teodoziya Vrublevska, Mariya Boyko, and Olha Korkuna. "Masking is the Effective Alternative to the Separation during Osmium Determination by Means of Azo Dyes in Complex Samples." Chemistry and Chemical Technology 4, no. 2 (2010): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht04.02.115.

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The selectivity of the spectrophotometric methods for determination of microgram quantities of osmium (IV) with acidic monoazo dyes Tropaeolin O (TpO) and Tropaeolin OOO-I (TpOOOI) in the presence of concomitant metals, particularly platinum group, heavy and rare earths (RE) has been studied. The tolerance ratios of interfering elements have been established. The selectivity of the interaction of TpOOOI with osmium (IV) relatively to platinum group elements (PGEs) is much better than TpO. It has been established that the influence of interfering ions can be easily eliminated by means of masking agents viz. EDTA, tartrate, citrate, pyrophosphate and fluoride, and thereby the selectivity of the methods of osmium determination with TpO and TpOOOI has been sufficiently improved. The methods have been approved during the analyses of various model solutions containing ruthenium, platinum, palladium, rhodium and iridium and the masking reagents. Also osmium content has been determined in the intermetallic alloy Nd20Os15Sі65. The standard deviations did not exceed typical values for spectrophotometric methods (RSDs < 5 %). Thus the elaborated methods with various masking agents may be used for direct determination of osmium in complex samples without any preliminary separation of osmium in the form of OsO4 as well as without the extraction of matrices elements.

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26

Powell, Rick. "Avoiding Etching of Silver When Using Silver Staining With OsO4 Fixation." Microscopy Today 7, no. 7 (1999): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500064762.

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Post-fixing with osmium tetroxide before silver-staining sections causes problems because the OsCU can etch the deposited silver. However, it is not a good idea to perform silver enhancement after osmium tetroxide treatment because the deposited osmium can also act as a nucleating site for silver deposition, and the osmicated regions of the sample will be silver enhanced. If gold-toning is used after OsO4 post-fixation, the OSO4 can also nucleate gold particles. OsO4 should always come after silver enhancement.

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27

Weiss, Peter. "Osmium Is Forever." Science News 161, no. 14 (2002): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4013472.

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28

Widom, Elisabeth. "Recognizing recycled osmium." Geology 39, no. 11 (2011): 1087–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/focus112011.1.

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29

Jones, Terence. "Electrodeposition of osmium." Metal Finishing 100, no. 6 (2002): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(02)80443-3.

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30

Girolami, Gregory. "Osmium weighs in." Nature Chemistry 4, no. 11 (2012): 954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchem.1479.

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31

Cotton, S. A. "Iron, ruthenium, osmium." Annual Reports Section "A" (Inorganic Chemistry) 106 (2010): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b918382p.

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32

Arblaster, John W. "Osmium density challenge." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 406, no. 17 (2014): 4009–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-7839-z.

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33

Bailey, Philip J. "5. Osmium 1992." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 138 (January 1995): 87–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-8545(95)90576-t.

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34

Cargill Thompson, Alexander M. W. "5. Osmium 1994." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 152 (July 1996): 157–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-8545(96)01272-6.

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35

Ward, Michael D. "5. Osmium 1993." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 146 (December 1995): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-8545(96)83891-4.

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36

WARD, M. D. "ChemInform Abstract: Osmium." ChemInform 24, no. 46 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199346275.

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37

Frémy, Edm. "Ueber das Osmium." Journal für Praktische Chemie 33, no. 1 (2004): 407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.18440330160.

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38

Rhiel, Markus, Kurt Dehnicke, Arndt Simon, and Reinhard K. Kremer. "Osmium-Nitridtrichlorid, OsNCl3." Zeitschrift f�r anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 622, no. 7 (1996): 1205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19966220717.

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39

CONSTABLE, E. C., and C. E. HOUSECROFT. "ChemInform Abstract: Osmium." ChemInform 24, no. 30 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199330319.

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40

Fujieda, Nobutaka, Takumi Nakano, Yuki Taniguchi, et al. "A Well-Defined Osmium–Cupin Complex: Hyperstable Artificial Osmium Peroxygenase." Journal of the American Chemical Society 139, no. 14 (2017): 5149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b00675.

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41

Hanack, Michael, and Petra Vermehren. "(Phthalocyaninato)osmium(II) and bisaxially coordinated (phthalocyaninato)osmium(II) compounds." Inorganic Chemistry 29, no. 1 (1990): 134–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00326a027.

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42

Christe, Karl O. "Osmium tetrafluoride dioxide, OsF4O2. A new osmium (+VIII) fluoride oxide." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 58, no. 2-3 (1992): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(00)80697-1.

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43

Christe, Karl O., and Roland Bougon. "Osmium tetrafluoride dioxide, OsF4O2: a new osmium(VIII) oxide fluoride." Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, no. 15 (1992): 1056a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3992001056a.

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44

Lau, Man-Kit, Joyce LC Chim, Wing-Tak Wong, Ian D. Williams, and Wa-Hung Leung. "Synthesis and molecular structures of monooxo aryl complexes of osmium(VI)." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 79, no. 5-6 (2001): 607–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v00-192.

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Reaction of [OsO4] with C7H7MgBr (C7H7 = 2-methylphenyl) followed by column chromatography afforded the reported osmium tetraaryl [Os(C7H7)4] along with the oxo-osmium(VI) ([OsO(C7H7)4]) (1) (13%) and the dioxo-osmium(VI) ([OsO2(C7H7)2]) (2) (25%) complexes. Treatment of [OsO4] with C8H9MgBr (C8H9 = 2,5-dimethylphenyl) gave a mixture of [Os(C8H9)4] (3) (34%) and [OsO(C8H9)4] (4) (4%) while that with C8H9OMgBr (C8H9O = 4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl) afforded [OsO(C8H9O)4] (5) in 20% yield. Oxidation of 3 with 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid afforded 4 in good yield. The solid-state structures of 1 and 4 have been established by X-ray crystallography. Crystals of 1 are tetragonal with a = 13.080(1) and c = 6.6506(5) Å, V = 1137.9(1) Å3, Z = 2, and space group of P4/n; while those of 4 are tetragonal with a = 13.593(2) and c = 7.377(2) Å, V = 1363.0(5) Å3, Z = 4, and space group of P4/n. The geometry around osmium in both complexes is square pyramidal with the oxo ligand occupying apical position. The OsO and OsC distances in 1 are 1.652(2) and 2.084(1) Å, respectively, while those in 4 are 1.688(7) and 2.088(4) Å, respectively. The cyclic voltammograms of the monooxo aryl osmium(VI) compounds show reversible Os(VI/V) couple at around 1.4 V vs. ferrocene/ferrocenium couple.Key words: osmium(VI), oxo aryl complexes.

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45

Sherman, Debby. "Dissolving Osmium Tetroxide the Easy Way." Microscopy Today 14, no. 4 (2006): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500050355.

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Osmium crystals tend to cling to the glass ampoule walls making dissolving them difficult. Smashing the vials results in glass shards that may get into sample vials and can be dangerous, or carry into embedding media and damage diamond knives.A simple trick to eliminate smashing osmium vials is to dip the sealed ampoule into liquid nitrogen. This releases the osmium crystals from the glass walls. Then simply break the vial using an ampoule cracker (available through EM supply houses) and pour the osmium crystals into a bottle containing the water for the OsO4 solution. Wait a few minutes to let the ampoule warm-up, and it is easy to see if all of the crystals have been dumped out of the ampoule. Let the solution sit overnight at room temperature in a hood and the next day the crystals will be totally dissolved.

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46

Pitto-Barry, Anaïs, Luis M. A. Perdigao, Marc Walker, et al. "Synthesis and controlled growth of osmium nanoparticles by electron irradiation." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 47 (2015): 20308–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt03205a.

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Defined-size osmium nanoparticles (1.5–50 nm) were synthesized on a B- and S-doped turbostratic graphitic structure from an organometallic osmium complex encapsulated in self-spreading polymer micelles and characterised by (HR)TEM, AFM and XPS.

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47

Aldrich, Henry C., Dieter B. Beimborn, and Peter Schönheit. "Creation of artifactual internal membranes during fixation of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 33, no. 10 (1987): 844–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m87-148.

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Methanogenic bacteria chemically fixed for electron microscopy contain internal membranes in the form of mesosomes and nucleoid vesicles, and the function of these membranes in methanogenesis and ATP synthesis has been speculated upon. Cells of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum fixed in phosphate-buffered 2.5% glutaraldehyde, 0.1% osmium tetroxide, or 0.5% glutaraldehyde – 2.5% formaldehyde always contain internal membranes. Cells freeze-fractured, freeze-substituted, or fixed in cacodylate-buffered 1% osmium tetroxide, 2.5% glutaraldehyde, or simultaneous glutaraldehyde–osmium lack internal membranes. We conclude that internal membranes in this species are artifacts arising during suboptimal fixation conditions.

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48

Wu, Lipeng, Qiang Liu, Anke Spannenberg, Ralf Jackstell, and Matthias Beller. "Highly regioselective osmium-catalyzed hydroformylation." Chemical Communications 51, no. 15 (2015): 3080–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc05626d.

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Osmium carbonyl combined with 2-imidazoyl-substituted phosphine ligands forms active species for the highly regioselective and general hydroformylation of alkenes to produce aldehydes in good yields and excellent regioselectivities. An unusual phosphido bridged trinuclear osmium catalyst structure was obtained.

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49

A., K. SINGH, ROY BANI, and P. SINGH R. "Bidentate Pyrimidine-2-thiols as Spectrophotometric Reagents for Palladium and Osmium-Determination in Alloys, Minerals and Catalysts." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 62, Apr 1985 (1985): 316–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6324802.

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Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007 <em>Manuscript received 23 July 1984, accepted 29 April 1985</em> 1-Pyridyl and 1-(4'-phenylthiazolyI)-4,4,6-trimethyl-1<em>H</em>,4<em>H</em>-pyrimidine-2-thiol (abbreviated as PyTPT and PhTPT, respectively) have been synthesised and studied for the photometric determination of palladium and osmium The reagents are highly selective as other transition and platinum group metals do not interfere. Optimum conditions for both these determinations have been established. The methods have been employed for the determination of palladium and osmium contents of various alloys, minerals and catalysts.

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50

Dimakis, Nicholas, Fernando A. Flor, Nestor E. Navarro, Andres Salgado, and Eugene S. Smotkin. "Adsorption of Carbon Monoxide on Platinum–Ruthenium, Platinum–Osmium, Platinum–Ruthenium–Osmium, and Platinum–Ruthenium–Osmium–Iridium Alloys." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 120, no. 19 (2016): 10427–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b02086.

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