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Journal articles on the topic 'Osmose project'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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Themistokleous, George. "Bursting into the Image: Towards De-automatization in VR." Cinéma & Cie. Film and Media Studies Journal 23, no. 40 (2023): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54103/2036-461x/19444.

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The art installation Osmose (1995) by Char Davies, one of the most widely discussed media art projects, will be explored in relation to the notion of de-automatization. The de-automatized experience in Osmose will be developed by looking at theories of perception by Arthur Deikman and Maurice Merleau-Ponty, as well as George Stratton’s inverse goggle experiment, Bernard Stiegler’s account of automation, and Gilles Deleuze’s writings on the virtual. The article traces a double act of de-automatization in Davies’ Osmose that occurs due to the indeterminate object relations in the multi-media installation on the one hand, and their intertwinement with the organic sensing body on the other. This leads to an ungearing of one’s habitual perception, that produces a particular relation with the virtual dimension. By outlining the theoretical framework of the intertwining between technical object and bodily experience in Osmose, it becomes possible to speculate on the trajectory of contemporary VR experiences. Whilst the contemporary VR scene still relies heavily on the privileging of the visual dimension, the project We Live in an Ocean of Air by Marshmallow Laser Feast shows how VR environments can ‘leverage on’ emerging technologies to re-produce nuanced deautomatized experiences. De-automatization unravels how the reception of the deautomatized VR image reframes relations between actual and virtual.

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Adu, James Amankwah, Alberto Berizzi, Francesco Conte, et al. "Power System Stability Analysis of the Sicilian Network in the 2050 OSMOSE Project Scenario." Energies 15, no. 10 (2022): 3517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103517.

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This paper summarizes the results of a power system stability analysis realized for the EU project OSMOSE. The case study is the electrical network of Sicily, one of the two main islands of Italy, in a scenario forecasted for 2050, with a large penetration of renewable generation. The objective is to establish if angle and voltage stabilities can be guaranteed despite the loss of the inertia and the regulation services provided today by traditional thermal power plants. To replace these resources, new flexibility services, potentially provided by renewable energy power plants, battery energy storage systems, and flexible loads, are taken into account. A highly detailed dynamical model of the electrical grid, provided by the same transmission system operator who manages the system, is modified to fit with the 2050 scenario and integrated with the models of the mentioned flexibility services. Thanks to this dynamic model, an extensive simulation analysis on large and small perturbation angle stability and voltage stability is carried out. Results show that stability can be guaranteed, but the use of a suitable combination of the new flexibility services is mandatory.

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BEN FADHEL, Adnen. "University-Socioeconomic World Relationship: Lessons from a Structured Opening Experience in Tunisia." Cahiers du cedimes 17, no. 1 (2022): 95–103. https://doi.org/10.69611/cahiers17-1-08.

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This paper deals with one aspect of the problem of the relationship between the University and the socio-economic world ; this aspect concerns the meeting between these two worlds in order to promote the results of university research. To do this, we report on the experience led by the University of Tunis El Manar within the framework of a Euro-Mediterranean project entitled OSMOSE (Structured Opening of the University to the Socioeconomic World). This experience concerns the structured organisation of two types of EU meetings according to a guide of good practice. The first type of meetings should enable the five Tunisian universities, partners in this project, to meet their immediate MSE (Socio Economic World) on communication themes that characterize them. The second type of socalled regional meetings, of a larger scale, should enable these five universities to meet collectively with the MSE sometimes in the North, sometimes in the Centre and sometimes in the South to propose ideas for thematic networks to set up one or two of them. In this paper, we will also try to assess this experience in order to learn from it.

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Mehdiyeva, Sevinj Nizami. "THE ROLE OF PROJECT-BASED LEARNING IN PHYSICS-RELATED TEACHING OF BIOLOGY." Deutsche internationale Zeitschrift für zeitgenössische Wissenschaft 67 (November 2, 2023): 49–50. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10066410.

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The article notes that connecting Project-based learning with life processes not only improves the course quality, but also demonstrates the close relationship between biology and physics, creates a complete image of natural phenomena in students, and increases their interest in the learning process. The use of projects with interdisciplinary content plays a major role in deepening the concepts learned by the relevant sciences, preventing the repetition of the same material in different disciplines, in a complex approach to studying interconnected phenomena, and other issues. 

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Wilf, Mark. "The Economics of Reverse Osmosis Desalination Projects." Journal of Membrane and Separation Technology 5, no. 2 (2016): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-6037.2016.05.02.5.

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Humphries, J. Roger, and Michael S. Wood. "Reverse osmosis environmental remediation. Development and demonstration pilot project." Desalination 168 (August 2004): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2004.06.184.

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Čavić, Milan R., Jelena D. Stanisavljević, Ivana Z. Bogdanović, Sonja J. Skuban, and Milica V. Pavkov-Hrvojević. "Project-Based Learning of Diffusion and Osmosis: Opinions of Students of Physics and Technology at University of Novi Sad." SAGE Open 12, no. 1 (2022): 215824402110691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211069147.

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There are subjects which university students perceive as uninteresting and which they are reluctant to learn. The use of an appropriate approach to learning can contribute to the formation of positive students’ opinions on learning. Project-based learning (PjBL) is characterized by active research, problem-solving, and student-made projects which is nowdays usually facilitated by the use of computer and network technologies. The aim of this research is to assess opinions of students of physics and technology at University of Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia, on PjBL, as well as to analyze these opinions in connection to three different factors: gender, academic performance, and study program. The physics content Diffusion and Osmosis was realized using PjBL. This topic was chosen because of possible interdisciplinary concepts’ relations between physics, chemistry, and biology. After students’ group work on projects and their project reports, a survey was conducted. Research results showed that opinions of students participating in the research about PjBL were independent of their gender, academic performance, as well as whether they study physics or technology. All students had equally positive opinions on PjBL. Further implementation of PjBL is planned in the authors’ departments, along with the integrative implementation of PjBL in teaching science in collaboration with other departments at the university.

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Woo, S. W., B. S. Park, W. N. Lee, et al. "Seawater intake system in Test Bed seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) project." Desalination and Water Treatment 51, no. 31-33 (2013): 6238–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2013.780775.

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Kurihara, Masaru, Hideyuki Sakai, Akihiko Tanioka, and Hiroki Tomioka. "Role of pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) in the mega-ton water project." Desalination and Water Treatment 57, no. 55 (2016): 26518–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2016.1168582.

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Dhinakaran, S. "Treatment of Alkaline Water using Reverse Osmosis System with the Help of Renewable Solar Energy." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (2021): 2465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.34827.

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The aim of this project is to develop a low-cost water purification system that provides clean drinking water. The project has a broad reach since drinking water pollution is a big global problem. This device would provide a solution to contaminated drinking water. Electric current is used to power the purifier during the water treatment process, reducing fluoride, chloride, and increasing the pH content of salty water, resulting in potable drinking water. To achieve this aim, a project management plan has been devised that divides the tasks amongst the community. The ultimate goal of designing this project is to provide clean drinking water at a low cost. The aim of this project is to develop and build a small-scale water purification system that needs little maintenance and is inexpensive. Initially, solar power would be used to power the purification system and to transition the system to renewable energy.

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Tanioka, Akihiko. "Preface to the special issue on “Pressure Retarded Osmosis in Megaton Water System Project”." Desalination 389 (July 2016): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.013.

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Cartiaux, François‐Baptiste, and Jorge Semiao. "The Challenges of long‐time high‐sampled Structural Health Monitoring: a practical Feedback." ce/papers 6, no. 5 (2023): 292–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cepa.2081.

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AbstractStructural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems have been widely used in the last years as integrated tools for the management of civil infrastructures. Some SHM projects now reach significant durations of several years, which induces interesting challenges when they imply numerous sensors with high sampling rates. This paper aims to present feedback on a few real cases of long time SHM on civil structures, performed by OSMOS Group as a SHM service provider. The examples include various types of structures, with concrete, masonry, and metallic bridges as well as tunnels, and address the cases of both wired and wireless autonomous SHM systems, some of them with more than ten years of operation. Issues related to the data flow and storage are described, which represent high volumes of data, since the SHM systems are aimed to assess continuously the dynamic response of the structures with 100 measurements every second. Maintenance and upgrading of the SHM systems along such important durations are addressed also. Finally, the discussion focuses on massive data analysis tools dedicated to long‐time SHM, which enable to reduce the amount of raw data into useful synthetic information for anomaly detection and prognosis.

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OSMOND-SMITH, DAVID. "Voicing the Labyrinth: the Collaborations of Edoardo Sanguineti and Luciano Berio." Twentieth-Century Music 9, no. 1-2 (2012): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478572212000205.

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AbstractIn this article David Osmond-Smith discusses the ‘creative cross-fertilization’ between Luciano Berio and the poet Edoardo Sanguineti. Berio first approached Sanguineti at the suggestion of Umberto Eco, and the article begins with a discussion of Berio and Eco's radiophonic project Onomatopea nel linguaggio poetico, which in turn stimulated one of the composer's most celebrated electroacoustic works, Thema/Omaggio a Joyce (1958). The author argues that the preoccupation revealed there with ‘working at the boundary where the word as bearer of meaning dissolves into the word as reservoir of sonic potentials’ remained central to the collaborations of Berio and Sanguineti, principally Passaggio (1961–2), Laborintus II (1965), and A-Ronne (1974–5). In particular, the former two works explore their ‘aesthetics of fragmentation and juxtaposition’ in the context of a music theatre that embraces Umberto Eco's poetics of the opera aperta (open work), Guy Debord's notion of ‘spectacularity’, and various dimensions of political and social critique. (CW)

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Bloetscher, Frederick, David Stambaugh, James Hart, et al. "Use of lime, limestone and kiln dust to stabilize reverse osmosis treated water." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 3, no. 3 (2013): 277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2013.093.

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The City of Pembroke Pines is embarking on an alternative water supply (AWS) project that includes the potential of using treated wastewater for aquifer recharge. The concept includes the use of reverse osmosis membranes, ultraviolet disinfection and advanced oxidation processes downstream of activated sludge and microfiltration. One of the problems is that the permeate leaves the process grossly under-saturated, because with respect to minerals, virtually everything in the water is removed by the reverse osmosis membranes. The practical natural minimum hardness level for water is 40 mg L−1 as CaCO3, while the permeate water was &lt;7 mg L−1. As a result, a post-treatment system needed to be designed to restore minerals to the water to achieve stability so the water does not dissolve metals, other piping and treatment tank materials. Traditionally reverse osmosis plants for potable water systems use caustic soda, polyphosphates, orthophosphates and other chemicals to address the stability issue. These are costly and for an aquifer recharge project, the costs seemed high. For this project, the research focused on alternative solutions to restore hardness, alkalinity and pH using lime, limestone and kiln dust. All three resolved the pH and stability issues for the pilot process.

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Panicker, Saly T., and P. K. Tewari. "Safety and reliability aspects of seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant of nuclear desalination demonstration project." International Journal of Nuclear Desalination 2, no. 3 (2007): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijnd.2007.013548.

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Huang, Jian, Simeng Li, Saied Dalagah, et al. "Closed-Circuit Reverse Osmosis Performance Evaluation in a High-Recovery-Rate Water Reclamation Pilot Project." Sustainability 17, no. 8 (2025): 3388. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17083388.

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Reusing treated effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plants is essential for addressing freshwater scarcity, a key objective of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). While closed-circuit reverse osmosis (CCRO) has shown promise in municipal reuse facilities, the comprehensive assessment of water quality parameters, especially at higher recovery rates, is lacking. In this study, at the San Jacinto Valley Regional Water Reclamation Facility (SJVRWRF), we evaluated the performance of CCRO in treating municipal wastewater tertiary effluent, focusing on high recovery rates. Our analysis of selected chemical parameters across recovery rates ranging from 90% to 95% revealed the effective removal of suspended particles by CCRO. However, variations in removal rates were observed among ions, with chloride removal at 96.3% and nitrate removal at 79.6%, contrasting with fluoride’s complete removal and sulfate’s 99.7% removal rate. Divalent ions like calcium and magnesium exhibited better rejection than monovalent ions such as sodium and potassium. Additionally, the removal efficiency of total dissolved solids (TDSs), alkalinity, chloride, nitrate, sodium, and potassium decreased with an increasing recovery rate, while sulfate, calcium, and magnesium removal rates remained stable. These findings enhance our understanding of membrane treatment processes, providing valuable insights for future water reclamation projects to combat freshwater resource scarcity.

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Drago, Joseph A. "STRATEGIES FOR REMOVING METALS FROM REVERSE OSMOSIS BRINES PRODUCED BY WASTEWATER RECYCLING PROJECTS." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2001, no. 1 (2001): 312–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864701784992985.

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Lutchmiah, Kerusha, Emile R. Cornelissen, Danny J. H. Harmsen, et al. "Water recovery from sewage using forward osmosis." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 7 (2011): 1443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.773.

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This research is part of the Sewer Mining project aimed at developing a new technological concept by extracting water from sewage by means of forward osmosis (FO). FO, in combination with a reconcentration system, e.g. reverse osmosis (RO) is used to recover high-quality water. Furthermore, the subsequent concentrated sewage (containing an inherent energy content) can be converted into a renewable energy (RE) source (i.e. biogas). The effectiveness of FO membranes in the recovery of water from sewage has been evaluated. Stable FO water flux values (&gt;4.3 LMH) were obtained with primary effluent (screened, not treated) used as the feed solution. Fouling of the membrane was also induced and further investigated. Accumulated fouling was found to be apparent, but not irreversible. Sewer Mining could lead to a more economical and sustainable treatment of wastewater, facilitating the extraction of water and energy from sewage and changing the way it is perceived: not as waste, but as a resource.

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Frenkel, V. S., and Y. Cohen. "New techniques for real-time monitoring of reverse osmosis membrane integrity for virus removal." Water Practice and Technology 13, no. 4 (2018): 947–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2018.121.

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Abstract This paper presents methodology, concept and results of the WateReuse Foundation project WFR – 09 – 06b when developing a high pressure membrane, reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) online membrane integrity testing (MIT) technique. The use of pressure-driven membrane processes, particularly RO, has grown significantly over the past few decades in water treatment and reuse applications to safeguard water supplies against harmful pathogens and impurities. In principle, RO membranes should provide a complete physical barrier to the passage of nanosize pathogens (e.g., enteric viruses). However, in the presence of imperfections and/or membrane damage, membrane breaches as small as 20 to 30 nm can allow enteric viruses to pass through the membrane and contaminate the product water stream, thereby posing a potential health hazard that is of particular concern for potable water production. This project was focused on evaluating a pulsed-marker membrane integrity monitoring (PM-MIMo) approach for RO processes on the basis of the use of a fluorescent marker. The monitoring approach employs pulsed dosing (via a precision metering pump) of a marker into the RO feed stream coupled with online marker concentration monitoring in the RO permeate by an inline spectrofluorometer. Membrane integrity is then inferred on the basis of real-time analysis of the marker permeate time − profile concentration in response. The basic concept of the PM-MIMo approach for detecting membrane breaches was successfully demonstrated, by comparing intact and damaged membranes, in a series of experiments using a diagnostic plate-and-frame RO system and spiral-wound RO pilot system. Results of the developed technique are presented in the project report to allow the industry to consider adopting this technique for RO/NF online integrity monitoring.

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Soric, A., R. Cesaro, P. Perez, E. Guiol, and P. Moulin. "Eausmose Project–desalination by Reverse Osmosis and Batteryless Solar Energy: Design for a 1m3 Per Day Delivery." Procedia Engineering 44 (2012): 1465–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.830.

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Soric, A., R. Cesaro, P. Perez, E. Guiol, and P. Moulin. "Eausmose project desalination by reverse osmosis and batteryless solar energy: Design for a 1m3 per day delivery." Desalination 301 (September 2012): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2012.06.013.

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Liu, Siyuan, Zhongyang Wang, Mengyao Han, and Jianjiao Zhang. "Embodied water consumption between typical desalination projects: Reverse osmosis versus low-temperature multi-effect distillation." Journal of Cleaner Production 295 (May 2021): 126340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126340.

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Khasawneh, Qais A., Bourhan Tashtoush, Anas Nawafleh, and Bayan Kan’an. "Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of a Hypersaline Pressure-Retarded Osmosis Power Plants: Dead Sea–Red Sea Conveyor." Energies 11, no. 11 (2018): 3118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113118.

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In this study, three pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) power plants are proposed to be built on the Red Sea–Dead Sea (RSDS) water conveyance project, to generate power from the salinity gradient between two water streams at different salt concentrations. The first two proposed plants are to be built after sea water reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination plants, where Red Sea water and the rejected brine from SWRO plants are used as feed and draw solutions, respectively. In the third proposed plant, Red Sea water and Dead Sea water will be used. Results showed that the three proposed plants are technically feasible while the third plant is the only one that is economically feasible with a 134.5 MW capacity and a 0.056 $/KWh levelized cost of electricity (LCE). The power generated from the third PRO power plant accounts for about 24.7% of the power needed for the RSDS project that can be used to power SWRO-2 in order to reduce the electricity consumption by 49.3%. If the generated power from the proposed PRO plant is sold to the Jordanian national electricity grid at the current selling price in accordance with Jordanian prices of electricity, a saving of about 21.2% can be attained. It is found that using the power generated by the current proposed plants for desalination project purposes will significantly reduce the price of desalinated water produced from SWRO desalination plants.

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Al-zobai, Khalid M. Mousa, and Saad Ali Ahmed. "Design of Reverse Osmosis Water Treatment Unit Using Lanxess Lewaplus2." Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences 28, no. 1 (2025): 8–12. https://doi.org/10.29194/njes.28010008.

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Basrah is the richest town and the economic capital of Iraq. It suffers from lack of drinking water. This project is a dream to supply drinking water to Basrah citizens within WHO standards. Water should pass sedimentation and filtration stages before interring reverse osmosis unit. The design is carried out using lewaplus2 software. Several parameters should be selected in the design step membrane type, number of stages, number per element in each stage, and the recovery percentage. An optimization is carried out using Minitab ver. 18 for the acceptable limit of TDS and minimum cost and it was found that the optimum conditions were 52% for first stage, the numbers of vessels are 20 for both the first and second stage. In addition, results showed that the pressure and the total dissolved solid increase with increasing the recovery while parameters like the feed flow rate per vessel, the power, and the cost are decreasing with the recovery. Mathematical model described the cost was conducted and statistical study was also done to ensure the results.

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Mehrotra, Anil K., and Abhijit Banerjee. "Evaluation of Reverse Osmosis for the Treatment of Oil Sands Produced Water." Water Quality Research Journal 21, no. 2 (1986): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1986.011.

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Abstract The “produced” water obtained from Shell’s Peace River In Situ Project was found to contain moderately high levels of dissolved sodium and calcium salts along with about 350 mg/L, total carbon. Two commercially a vailable spiral1y wound non-cellulosic reverse osmosis cartridges tested in this study were able to bring down the total dissolved solids content of the waste to less than 100 mg/L. The effects of several process variables such as the feed rate, pressure and pH we re investigated. Prior to the actual wastewater treatment runs, a series of control experiments with distilled water, and NaCl and CaCl2 solutons were performed. These control experiments helped in standardizing the membranes and in evaluating import ant membrane parameters. The membranes were tested with the wastewater sample at pressures from 1.7 to 6.2 MPa, flow rates from 1 to 10 L/min, and at pH levels of 4, 6 and 7. Overall, the UOP membrane was found to be more effective in treating the wastewater than the ABCOR membrane.

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Kuglarz, Mariusz, Klaudiusz Grübel, and Jolanta Bohdziewicz. "Post-Digestion Liquor Treatment in the Method Combining Chemical Precipitation with Reverse Osmosis." Archives of Environmental Protection 40, no. 3 (2014): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aep-2014-0030.

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Abstract The aim of the study was to develop an effective treatment of post-digestion liquors highly-loaded with biogenic and organic substances. The scope of the research project encompassed: mesophilic anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge (WAS) as well as the treatment of post-digestion liquors, coming from the most appropriate HRT value of 25 days, in the process of ammonium magnesium phosphate (struvite) precipitation targeted at ammonia nitrogen binding and a subsequent reverse osmosis (RO) process. It was established that the method combining chemical precipitation and high-pressure ﬁltration ensures a high degree of contaminants removal allowing for a direct release of treated liquors into the natural reservoir. However, in order to decrease the residual NH4+ concentration (6.1 mg NH4+/dm3) in the puriﬁed post-digestion liquors below the level allowing for a direct release to the natural reservoir, it turned out to be necessary to apply increased molar ratio of magnesium and phosphates (Mg:NH4+: PO43-= 1.5:1:1.5).

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M., Skala, Kůs P., Kotowski J., and Kořenková H. "Application of reverse osmosis at NPP and verification of the process for primary coolant treatment in temelín nuclear power." Nuclear Science and Technology 7, no. 2 (2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.53747/jnst.v7i2.105.

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Drained primary coolant from nuclear power plants containing boric acid is currently treated in the system of evaporators and by ion exchangers. Reverse osmosis as an alternative process to evaporator was investigated. Using reverse osmosis, the feed primary coolant is separated into two output streams: retentate and permeate. Retentate stream consists of concentrated boric acid solution together with other components, while permeate stream consists of purified water. In the first phase ofthe project the reverse osmosis modules from several manufactures were tested on a batch laboratory apparatus. Certain modifications to the pH of the feed solution were needed to enable the tested membranes to concentrate the H3BO3 in the retentate stream, separate from the pure water in the permeate stream. Furthermore, the separation capability for other compounds present in primary coolant such as K, Li or NH3 were evaluated. In the final phase of the project the pilot-plant unit of reverse osmosis was tested in nuclear power plant Temelín. It was installed in the Special Purification System SVO-6 for the regeneration of boric acid. The aim of the tests performed in Temelín nuclear power plant was to verify possible use of reverse osmosis for the treatment of primary coolant.

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Marar, Hazem W. "Optimisation of Reverse-Osmosis Water Purification Plant Powered by Hydro-Generators at the Dead Sea." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 20, no. 2 (2023): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw230019.

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With the Jordan River as its main tributary, the Dead Sea is a hyper-saline lake, which was formed around 140 centuries ago. Climate change used to be the principal driver of water level changes. However, anthropogenic activities have recently emerged as a prominent source of excessive depletion. This study provides a realistic strategy for desalinating the Red Sea water whilst generating electrical power for the Dead Sea conveyance project. Seawater from the Gulf of Aqaba is transformed into highly concentrated saline water flowing to the Dead Sea whilst delivering purified drinking water to nearby regions using reverse osmosis plants. Being an energy-intensive process, a series of hydro-generators with efficient energy recovery devices will minimise the running cost by half.

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Zin, Moh Moh, Edit Márki, and Szilvia Bánvölgyi. "Evaluation of Reverse Osmosis Membranes in Concentration of Beetroot Peel Extract." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 64, no. 3 (2020): 340–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.15040.

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Recovery of valuable products from organic wastes with conventional extraction method plus modern separation technology is becoming popular in solid waste management. The major attention of this project was to test the efficiencies of two different types of reverse osmosis membranes (RO99 and X20) on juice concentration extracted from peel of beetroot which is "waste". The extractions of beetroot peel were completed using water and ethanol-water (15 v/v%) solvents at 22 °C for 60 minutes. The applied transmembrane pressure, temperature, and recirculation flow rate of membrane separation process were 40 bars, 30 °C, and 400 L/h, respectively. Quantifications of valuable compounds were detected using spectrophotometer. The permeate flux profiles were investigated and lower permeate flux was experienced with RO99 compared to X20 in both methods. Additionally, from the aspect of efficiency, RO99 outstripped X20 membrane on concentration of some compounds such as betalains, and phenolic components. Betaxanthin, betacyanin, antioxidant and TPC contents in final retentates of RO99 membrane concentration were as follow: 292.47±1.93 mg/L, 499.03±1.3 mg/L, 1133.15±25.74 mg/L,1243.96±106.56 mg/L (water solvent) and 337.26±4.31 mg/L, 585.2±5.83 mg/L, 698.55±22.53 mg/L, 1268.87±48.69 mg/L (ethanol-water solvent), respectively. From this experiment, expectation can be made that membrane technology can widen its applications in food and pharmaceutical industries.

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Banks, Brett, Jethro Kayat, and Jean Rossmann. "Future Frontiers: Ontological Osmosis and Africanfuturist Cyborgs in Nnedi Okorafor's Lagoon." Image & Text, no. 37 (November 1, 2023): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2617-3255/2023/n37a30.

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This article will examine Nnedi Okorafor's Lagoon (2014) - a tale of shapeshifting aliens arriving off the coast of Lagos, Nigeria - as a quintessential Africanfuturist novel replete with disruptions of traditional science fiction tropes, transcorporeal mutations and endogenous African epistemologies. Our theoretical framework brings together two seemingly disparate thinkers whose work challenges essentialist identity politics: American ecocritical feminist, Donna Haraway, and Cameroonian anthropologist, Francis Nyamnjoh. Haraway's (1985) myth of the cyborg resonates with Okorafor's aliens and their dissolution of the boundaries separating human/machine, man/woman, and self/other. Nyamnjoh (2015:6-7) presents a similarly liminal figure in the 'frontier African' to whom 'everyone and everything is malleable, flexible and blendable, from humans and their anatomies, to animals and plants, gods, ghosts and spirits'. Okorafor's counter-hegemonic representations of gender and selfhood are inextricably interwoven into a decolonising literary project of 'ontological osmosis' that transforms superficially 'fixed' markers of difference into permeable thresholds of becoming. These concepts reflect Okorafor's Africanfuturist goals, as we show through a detailed analysis of the alien ambassador, Ayodele, and other key characters. This article will also consider Okorafor's allusions to Mami Wata (a feminine west African water deity or witch) in relation to the protean Ayodele. This analysis will underline Okorafor's thematic concerns with the question of gender and its relationship with the broader ecological and cultural forces of this society.

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Jiang, Yaxin, Jiaming Liang, and Yang Liu. "Application of forward osmosis membrane technology for oil sands process-affected water desalination." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 8 (2016): 1809–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.014.

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The extraction process used to obtain bitumen from the oil sands produces large volumes of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW). As a newly emerging desalination technology, forward osmosis (FO) has shown great promise in saving electrical power requirements, increasing water recovery, and minimizing brine discharge. With the support of this funding, a FO system was constructed using a cellulose triacetate FO membrane to test the feasibility of OSPW desalination and contaminant removal. The FO systems were optimized using different types and concentrations of draw solution. The FO system using 4M NH4HCO3 as a draw solution achieved 85% water recovery from OSPW, and 80 to100% contaminant rejection for most metals and ions. A water backwash cleaning method was applied to clean the fouled membrane, and the cleaned membrane achieved 77% water recovery, a performance comparable to that of new FO membranes. This suggests that the membrane fouling was reversible. The FO system developed in this project provides a novel and energy efficient strategy to remediate the tailings waters generated by oil sands bitumen extraction and processing.

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LEON ZERPA, FEDERICO, BALTASAR PEÑATE SUAREZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER ROO FILGUEIRA, and JENIFER VASWANI. "REUSE OF REVERSE OSMOSIS ELEMENTS OF THE DESALINATION PROCESSES." DYNA 96, no. 4 (2021): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/10061.

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This paper is based on the study for the evaluation of the processes of reuse and recycling of reverse osmosis components and membranes in the Canary Islands and Macaronesia, within the DESAL+ project and in the framework of the DESAL+ LIVING LAB platform, coordinated by the Canary Islands Technological Institute (ITC) and the Canary Islands Agency for Research, Innovation and Information Society (ACIISI), with the support of the Interreg-MAC Programme. Reverse osmosis membranes could be reused in the same or another desalination plant by replacing the membranes in the first, dirtier positions with those in the last, less damaged positions. Also, by changing the best first-stage membranes to the second and vice versa, the useful life of these membranes could be extended through chemical cleaning and a second life could be given in tertiary treatment plants, reuse in industrial processes where they use special reverse osmosis membranes and degrade rapidly, in processes with leachate from landfill waste and also an interesting option is the oxidation of reverse osmosis elements to obtain nano-filtration, ultrafiltration or micro-filtration membranes for the removal of physical dirt. The main categories of thermal processing recycling commonly used in industry include incineration and pyrolysis to produce energy, gas and fuel. These processes can be applied to mixed plastic waste, such as the combination of materials used in the manufacture of reverse osmosis membranes. The recycling of reverse osmosis elements from desalination plants is shown as an opportunity, nowadays existing pioneering initiatives in Europe. Energy recovery, via incineration, is feasible but is not considered in accordance with the environmental, social and political problems that this may generate. However, the recycling of the reverse osmosis elements via pyrolytic industry for fuel production can be centralized in a new industry already planned in the Canary Islands and all the osmosis membranes that are obsolete can be sent there. This is a technically and economically viable business opportunity with a promising future in today's recycling market as studied in the paper.

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Kurihara, Masaru. "Current Status and Future Trend of Dominant Commercial Reverse Osmosis Membranes." Membranes 11, no. 11 (2021): 906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11110906.

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Since 2000, seawater reverse osmosis method has been a dominant desalination technology against the distillation method in the global market. The large project called “Mega-SWRO” (half mega-ton per day and larger) plant in the Middle East is quite popular making full use of the combination with solar energy. Today, the price of desalinated water is affordable at as low as $0.28/m3 to $0.53/m3. Likewise, dominant commercial reverse osmosis membrane is a cross-linked fully aromatic polyamide composite membrane-spiral wound element including FT-30 (DuPont Water Solution) and UTC-80 (Toray Industries., Inc., Otsu, Shiga, Japan). The said membranes are much superior in terms of performance compared to the cellulose triacetate membranes-hollow fiber for variety of applications including seawater desalinations, brackish water desalination, wastewater reuse, ultra-pure production for semiconductor, home-use water purifier, etc. SWCC of Saudi Arabia has announced that it intends to shift from cellulose triacetate hollow fiber to spiral wound RO membranes at all of its plants. Furthermore, the state-sponsored R&D on membrane and membrane process has been put into practice in major countries, including Japan and Korea, which contributed to the progress of membrane science and membrane process, suitable for spiral-wound polyamide membranes. SWCC has announced their plans for SWRO, mainly focusing on brine mining to obtain precious materials from the brine of SWRO. New and innovative brine-mining technology has been introduced for green desalination.

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Webley, John, Michael Greene, and Jui Shan Yong. "Delivery of a Solar-Powered Forward Osmosis Seawater Desalination Plant: Trevi’s 500 m3/day Zero-Carbon FO Seawater Desalination Plant at NELHA." Academic Journal of Research and Scientific Publishing 05, no. 58 (2024): 35–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.52132/ajrsp.e.2024.58.2.

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This paper presents an account of Trevi’s delivery of a 500 m3/day solar powered forward osmosis (FO) seawater desalination plant at the Ocean Science and Technology Park of the Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii Authority (NELHA). The project aimed to demonstrate the viability of solar thermal-powered desalination for agricultural applications through the integration of a 2MW micro-dish solar thermal array with a state-of-the-art FO system. Highlighted in the paper are the three distinct project phases; Planning and Design, System Construction, Installation & Testing followed finally by System Operation and Optimization. Results and decisions which led to the final plant design will be shared, highlighting how Trevi Systems succeeded in producing a zero-carbon FO seawater desalination plant with a projected Levelized Cost of Water (LCOW) estimate competitive with existing carbon-intensive RO technologies (based on some assumptions and the cost of heat which is required for FO). Trevi's design and implementation of a solar-powered FO seawater desalination plant at NELHA demonstrated groundbreaking advancements in sustainable desalination. The careful planning, strategic design selection, and innovative technological developments resulted in a zero-carbon, competitive LCOW desalination solution.

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Julian, Helen, Puji Lestari, I. Gede Wenten, and K. Khoiruddin. "Optimizing Food Processing Efficiency: The Role of Forward Osmosis in Concentration." Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences 57, no. 2 (2025): 214–42. https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2025.57.2.6.

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This review comprehensively explores the application of Forward Osmosis technology in the food processing industry, focusing on its role in concentration processes. Amidst growing concerns over water scarcity, energy consumption, and environmental impact, Forward Osmosis emerges as a sustainable alternative to traditional methods, offering lower energy requirements and reduced environmental footprint. The paper delves into the theoretical foundations of Forward Osmosis, examining the osmotic process and the dynamics of semi-permeable membranes. It further investigates the technological implementations of Forward Osmosis in food processing, showcasing successful case studies and highlighting the technology performance advantages compared to other methods. Despite its potential, Forward Osmosis faces technical challenges, including membrane fouling and the need for efficient draw solution recovery mechanisms. Recent innovations in membrane and draw solution development are discussed, offering solutions to these hurdles and paving the way for more effective Forward Osmosis applications. The review also projects future directions and research needs to overcome existing limitations and fully harness Forward Osmosis capabilities. Through a critical analysis of current literature, this paper underscores Forward Osmosis transformative potential in making food processing more sustainable and efficient.

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MOURA, EDYMARA SINTHIA ROCHA DE, CHRISTIANO REBOUÇAS COSME, NILDO DA SILVA DIAS, JEANE CRUZ PORTELA, and ANA CLAUDIA MEDEIROS SOUZA. "YIELD AND FORAGE QUALITY OF SALTBUSH IRRIGATED WITH REJECT BRINE FROM DESALINATION PLANT BY REVERSE OSMOSIS." Revista Caatinga 29, no. 1 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252016v29n101rc.

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ABSTRACT: Rural communities located in the Brazilian Northeast, especially in the semiarid zone, live with water shortages resulting from erratic rainfall. This work proposes the cultivation of saltbush (Atriplex nummularia) in the Rural Settlement Project of Boa Fé, Mossoró/RN as alternative to the disposal of reject brine from desalination plant on yield of forage. The statistical design was a split-plot design, being four treatments at the plots, related to irrigation with reject brine water, at different levels of soil moisture by moisture from Field Capacity (FC) (100, 85, 70 and 50% of FC) and in subplots and two levels of organic manure (without fertilized and fertilized) with four replications. The variables of yield and forage quality of saltbush were analyzed. It was observed that saltbush has a great production capacity in terms of fresh matter and drought for saltbush under a level of 85% soil moisture in relation to the field capacity of soil, presenting minimal loss of yield; however, this proved to be productive even with the dry soil. The total yield was satisfactory, showing its viability for forage production.

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Ghasemi, Masoomeh, Mohammed Al Murisi, William Earl Mustain, and Sirivatch Shimpalee. "Simulation of a Passive Osmosis-Integrated Electrolyzer for Seawater Electrolysis." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 34 (2024): 1679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01341679mtgabs.

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The requirement for extremely pure water in electrolysis, combined with the abundant presence of seawater, has prompted extensive research into the creation of direct seawater electrolysis technology for decades [1]. However, these efforts have had limited success due to other limiting issues that arise, including competition with the chloring evolution reaction, increased membrane resistance, corrosion of electrode materials and electrode scaling due to the presence of multivalent cations. To avoid these issues, seawater is typically first desalinated using reverse osmosis, but that comes with additional energy cost. Therefore, our project has proposed a new reactor that integrates passive osmosis (extracting fresh water from seawater) with electrolysis. In this presentation, we will discuss the operation of the osmosis-integrated electrolyzer and show theoretical predictions of the osmotic pressure differential and water flux/velocity profiles under different conditions. The numerical model that will be presented was applied to three different cell designs that have been physically developed. The first cell consists of two anion exchange membranes (AEMs) with two side chambers containing KOH and a middle chamber containing Sodium Chloride (NaCl). The second cell has KOH in one outer compartment and H2SO4 in the other. The central compartment containing NaCl is separated from KOH compartment by an AEM and the H2SO4 compartment by a cation exchange membrane (CEM). The third cell eliminates the central compartment and allows the osmosis to occur outside of the cell. The simulation results show that by increasing the concentration of KOH and H2SO4 in the side chambers for all three models, the amount of water transferred from the middle chamber, containing of NaCl to the side chambers increases. The simulation results were validated by experiments (Figure 1). In addition, the model is able to quantify the transport of ions in the system, including chloride ions through the AEM. Lastly, the mass transfer model is integrated with an electrochemical model where an anode and cathode are added to the system to consume the water that is transported through the membranes. Reference: [1] M. A. Khan, T. Al-Attas, S. Roy, M. M. Rahman, N. Ghaffour, V. Thangadurai, S. Larter, J. Hu, P. M. Ajayan, and M. G. Kibria, “Seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production: a solution looking for a problem?” Energy & Environmental Science, 14, 4831 (2021). Figure 1

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Qi, Wencheng, Yang Shen, Shaoyu Li, and Kaijia Chen. "Study on the Interaction between the Reduction and Remediation of Dredged Sediments from Tai Lake Based on Vacuum Electro-Osmosis." Applied Sciences 13, no. 2 (2023): 741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13020741.

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The treatment of metal-contaminated sediment generated in environmental dredging projects often requires both reduction and remediation, and the electric field has good application prospects in the integration of reduction and remediation. In this study, based on the electro-osmosis, vacuum, and vacuum electro-osmosis methods, a detachable test system was made. Experiments of the three methods were carried out independently on the reduction and remediation of dredged sediment from Tai Lake under pollution-free and Cu-contaminated conditions. The results show that copper contamination weakens the effect of reduction, and the production of copper precipitates makes the soil more prone to cracking and blocking drainage channels, which has the greatest impact on the electro-osmosis method. In terms of copper concentration, vacuum electro-osmosis achieves the transport and discharge of contaminants, and has the best remediation effect. The removal rates at the anode and cathode are 45.1% and 50.0%, respectively. A correlation model based on electrical conductivity, moisture content, and contaminant concentration was established to facilitate the determination of contaminant concentrations in actual projects. Electro-migration plays a dominant role in the remediation process, and the reduction affects the electric field distribution and, thus, the migration efficiency.

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Zhu, Jiang Miao, Zhi Xin Li, Ying Wang, and Ran Li. "Application of the Pulse Electro-Osmosis Technology in the Control of Seepage of the Underground Structure." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 752–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.752.

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The water seepage of underground structure is the serious problem in the construction engineering, and becomes one of the most harm in current infrastructure with the huge potential safety hazard and economic loss. The electro-osmosis technology is once widely used in the fields of soft ground stabilization of rock engineering, the biological pharmacy and the oil production engineering in China. This paper referred experiences of overseas, combined electric pulse signal and the electro-osmosis technology to reduce seepage of the underground structure, and solved underground structure water seepage problems. The paper comprehensively analyzed the research status of the technology at home and abroad and its feasibility in theory, also introduced the general implementation methods of projects, and carried on the comparison of the pulse electro-osmosis technology and the traditional moisture-proof technology in application.

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Leon, Federico, and Alejandro Ramos. "An Assessment of Renewable Energies in a Seawater Desalination Plant with Reverse Osmosis Membranes." Membranes 11, no. 11 (2021): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11110883.

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The purpose of our study was to reduce the carbon footprint of seawater desalination plants that use reverse osmosis membranes by introducing on-site renewable energy sources. By using new-generation membranes with a low energy consumption and considering wind and photovoltaic energy sources, it is possible to greatly reduce the carbon footprint of reverse osmosis plants. The objective of this study was to add a renewable energy supply to a desalination plant that uses reverse osmosis technology. During the development of this research study, photovoltaic energy was discarded as a possible source of renewable energy due to the wind conditions in the area in which the reverse osmosis plant was located; hence, the installation of a wind turbine was considered to be the best option. As it was a large-capacity reverse osmosis plant, we decided to divide the entire desalination process into several stages for explanation purposes. The desalination process of the facility consists of several phases: First, the seawater capture process was performed by the intake tower. This water was then transported and stored, before going through a physical and chemical pre-treatment process, whereby the highest possible percentage of impurities and organic material was eliminated in order to prevent the plugging of the reverse osmosis modules. After carrying out the appraisals and calculating the amount of energy that the plant consumed, we determined that 15% of the plant’s energy supply should be renewable, corresponding to 1194 MWh/year. As there was already a wind power installation in the area, we decided to use one of the wind turbines that had already been installed—specifically, an Ecotecnia turbine (20–150) that produced an energy of 1920 MWh /year. This meant that only a single wind turbine was required for this project.

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Montero-Guadarrama, Ivette, Claudia Muro Urista, Gabriela Roa-Morales, et al. "Reverse Osmosis Coupled with Ozonation for Clean Water Recovery from an Industrial Effluent: Technical and Economic Analyses." Membranes 15, no. 1 (2025): 33. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes15010033.

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Technical and economic criteria were used to evaluate the feasibility of the treatment of an industrial effluent (10 m3/h) for water recovery and reuse. The treatment evaluation included the following: (1) effluent characteristic determination; (2) selection and evaluation of the effluent treatment at lab scale, establishing operating conditions and process efficiency; (3) scaling up the treatment process to the industrial level; (4) treatment plant design and commercial availability analysis of the required equipment; and (5) the costs of the inversion and operation of the plant treatment, cost/m3 for water recovery, and time of investment recovery. The physicochemical characteristics of the effluent exposed the polluted wastewater with sodium chloride salts and colourants, predominating a mixture of tartrazine, Red 40, and brilliant blue from the synthesis of food additives. Other contributions of organic compounds and salts could be in minor content. According to the effluent conditions, a coupled process, integrated with ozonation and reverse osmosis, was indicated to be a treatment for water recovery. Scaling up the plant treatment design resulted in 130 m2 of area, producing 7.7 m3/h of clean water. The cost of the effluent treatment was 1.4 USD/m3, with an inversion return of 3.4 years and cost investment of USD 860,407. The treatment process resulted a viable project for water recovery.

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Golovesov, Vladimir A., Alexey G. Pervov, Genadiy D. Suhov, and Galina Ya Rudakova. "Impact of chosen antiscalant on the operating costs value for reverse osmosis systems." Vestnik MGSU, no. 8 (August 2020): 1163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2020.8.1163-1174.

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Introduction. The choice of an effective antiscalant is an issue that all industrial enterprises have to face, as the operating costs value depends on it. Therefore, enterprises require experimental-industrial or at least laboratory tests before ordering a particular antiscalant. The process of selecting reagents for the maintenance of reverse osmosis systems by industrial enterprises is accompanied by the evaluation of all significant factors, from the inhibition efficiency to the product price. However, the analysis of scientific and technical literature shows that only the inhibition efficiency is taken into account when evaluating antiscalants, while the effect of sediment on the operating pressure, permeate quality and performance reduction are ignored. The tests should be carried out under actual operating conditions or be as close to them as possible. Therefore, in order to determine effective dosages, it is necessary to conduct laboratory tests on “actual” water while taking into account the actual recovery rate. This article presents the results of comparison of inhibitory property of two antiscalants, carried out on “actual” water from an industrial enterprise. An estimation of the effect of antiscalant choice on the operating costs value was carried out. The dependences of Са2+ content and antiscalant adsorption on its dose are obtained. Over the course of experiments, effective dosages of antiscalants were determined. Materials and methods. The following antiscalants were used as part of this research: “AminatТМK” (NPF “Travers”, LLC, Russia), Jurbysoft M422 (Jurbywatertech, Lithuania). The research was conducted using industrial roll filters (model RE 1812-80 CSM, R-80G) (CSM, Korea). Results. Experimentally determined dependences of Ca2+ content on the filtrate output value of reverse osmosis systems at different antiscalant doses of 2, 4 and 6 mg/l were obtained. It was shown that during water treatment with antiscalant the latter is adsorbed on the crystal surface, and the higher the antiscalant dose, the more of it is adsorbed. Conclusions. It was shown that at the same dosage the antiscalant “AminatТМK” is more effective at preventing sedimentation of calcium carbonate during the operation of membrane units. Acknowledgments. The authors would like to express gratitude to the Russian Foundation for Basic Research. The research was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research as part of the scientific project No. 19-38-90078.

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Pearson, Jeffrey L., Peter R. Michael, Noreddine Ghaffour, and Thomas M. Missimer. "Economics and Energy Consumption of Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis Desalination: Innovations and Impacts of Feedwater Quality." Membranes 11, no. 8 (2021): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11080616.

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Brackish water desalination, using the reverse osmosis (BWRO) process, has become common in global regions, where vast reserves of brackish groundwater are found (e.g., the United States, North Africa). A literature survey and detailed analyses of several BWRO facilities in Florida have revealed some interesting and valuable information on the costs and energy use. Depending on the capacity, water quality, and additional scope items, the capital cost (CAPEX) ranges from USD 500 to USD 2947/m3 of the capacity (USD 690–USD 4067/m3 corrected for inflation to 2020). The highest number was associated with the City of Cape Coral North Plant, Florida, which had an expanded project scope. The general range of the operating cost (OPEX) is USD 0.39 to USD 0.66/m3 (cannot be corrected for inflation), for a range of capacities from 10,000 to 70,000 m3/d. The feed-water quality, in the range of 2000 to 6000 mg/L of the total dissolved solids, does not significantly impact the OPEX. There is a significant scaling trend, with OPEX cost reducing as plant capacity increases, but there is considerable scatter based on the pre- and post-treatment complexity. Many BWRO facilities operate with long-term increases in the salinity of the feedwater (groundwater), caused by pumping-induced vertical and horizontal migration of the higher salinity water. Any cost and energy increase that is caused by the higher feed water salinity, can be significantly mitigated by using energy recovery, which is not commonly used in BWRO operations. OPEX in BWRO systems is likely to remain relatively constant, based on the limitation on the plant capacity, caused by the brackish water availability at a given site. Seawater reverse osmosis facilities, with a very large capacity, have a lower OPEX compared to the upper range of BWRO, because of capacity scaling, special electrical energy deals, and process design certainty.

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Cervantes-Rendón, Esmeralda, Jonathan Ibarra-Bahena, Luis E. Cervera-Gómez, et al. "Rural Application of a Low-Pressure Reverse Osmosis Desalination System Powered by Solar–Photovoltaic Energy for Mexican Arid Zones." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (2022): 10958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710958.

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A reverse osmosis system driven by photovoltaic energy is an eco-friendly and sustainable way to produce freshwater in rural areas without connection to a power grid and with available brackish water sources. This paper describes a project where a photovoltaic-driven low-pressure reverse osmosis system (LPRO-PV) was designed, tested under laboratory conditions, and installed in Samalayuca, Chihuahua, Mexico, to evaluate the technical feasibility and social impact of this technology. The LPRO-PV system was tested with synthetic water with a salinity of 2921 ± 62.3 mg/L; the maximum freshwater volume produced was 1.8 ± 0.06 m3/day with a salinity value of 91 ± 1.9 mg/L. The LPRO-PV system satisfied the basic freshwater requirements for a local family of three members for one year, including the mobility-restriction period due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The social evaluation analysis reflects the importance of considering the technical aspects derived from the experimental tests, as well as the users’ perception of the performance and operation of the system. As a result of the implementation of this technology and the benefits described by the users, they committed to the maintenance activities required for the LPRO-PV system’s operation. This technology has great potential to produce fresh water in arid and isolated regions with high-salinity groundwater sources, thus fulfilling the human right to safe and clean drinking water.

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Masse, L., M. Mondor, and J. Dubreuil. "Effect of pH level and acid type on total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) retention and fouling of reverse osmosis membranes processing swine wastewater." Water Quality Research Journal 50, no. 4 (2015): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrjc.2015.143.

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Wastewaters fed to reverse osmosis (RO) membranes sometimes need to be acidified to prevent inorganic fouling and increase total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) retention. In this project, the effect of pH level (6.5–7.1) and acid type (HCl vs. H2SO4) on membrane fouling and cleaning as well as permeate flux and quality during the processing of swine wastewater with a spiral-wound RO membrane was investigated. The use of H2SO4 to lower pH produced slightly higher permeate fluxes than HCl and there was no indication of sulfate precipitates on the membrane. Membrane fouling intensity and flux recovery upon cleaning were not affected by pH level or acid type. Lowering swine wastewater pH from 7.1 to 6.5 with HCl reduced TAN concentration in permeate from 142 to 59 mg/L. Using H2SO4 to lower pH to 6.5 further decreased TAN concentration to 39 mg/L. At pH 6.5 with both acid types, the concentration of unionized NH3 in the permeate was below the Canadian guideline of 0.019 mg/L for the release of wastewater to an aquatic environment. The use of H2SO4 would be recommended with swine wastewater, because of lower cost and volumetric input required to lower pH, as well as higher permeate quality and flux.

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Zhang, Bangxi, Tianhong Fu, Qinyu Zhang, et al. "Effects of Critical Operation and Cleaning Parameters on Performances and Economic Benefits of Biogas Slurry Concentration by Forward Osmosis Membrane." Membranes 13, no. 3 (2023): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13030288.

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Forward osmosis membrane technology (FO) shows potential application prospects in biogas slurry concentration, which is conducive to promoting the sustainable development of biogas projects. However, at present, the key influencing factors of membrane concentration using FO are not well understood. Therefore, this study analyzed the influence of draw solution concentration, pH, temperature and cross-flow velocity on the concentration efficiency of FO membrane, and optimized the operation parameters of FO membrane. The results showed that the concentration effect of the NaCl draw solution at pH 5 or 9 was better than that at pH 7. The order of factor influencing the water flux was as follows: draw liquid concentration > cross-flow velocity > operating temperature. The optimal combination obtained by orthogonal analysis was under 45 °C, with a cross-flow velocity of 1 L/min and the use of 1.5 mol/L NaCl as draw solution. The results of the membrane cleaning implied that the recovery rate of the fouled membrane after acid–base cleaning is significantly higher (88%) than other cleaning solutions. This research offers a scientific reference for applying positive osmosis technology to re-utilize biogas slurry resources.

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Kurz, Edgardo E. Cañas, Ulrich Hellriegel, Abdelkarim Hdoufane, et al. "Comparison of Pilot-Scale Capacitive Deionization (MCDI) and Low-Pressure Reverse Osmosis (LPRO) for PV-Powered Brackish Water Desalination in Morocco for Irrigation of Argan Trees." Membranes 13, no. 7 (2023): 668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13070668.

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The use of saline water resources in agriculture is becoming a common practice in semi-arid and arid regions such as the Mediterranean. In the SmaCuMed project, the desalination of brackish groundwater (TDS = 2.8 g/L) for the irrigation of Argan trees in Essaouira, Morocco, to 2 g/L and 1 g/L (33% and 66% salt removal, respectively) using low-pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO) (p < 6 bar) and membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) was tested at pilot scale. MCDI showed 40–70% lower specific energy consumption (SEC) and 10–20% higher water recovery; however, the throughput of LPRO (2.9 m3/h) was up to 1.5 times higher than that of MCDI. In addition, both technologies were successfully powered by PV solar energy with total water costs ranging from EUR 0.82 to EUR 1.34 per m3. In addition, the water quality in terms of sodium adsorption ratio was slightly higher with LPRO resulting in higher concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+, due to blending with feed water. In order to evaluate both technologies, additional criteria such as investment and specific water costs, operability and brine disposal have to be considered.

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Ben Saad, Marwa Ben, Edgardo E. Cañas Kurz Cañas Kurz, Sun-Hea Hong, et al. "Environmental and Economic Assessment of Membrane Capacitive Deionization (MCDI) and Low-Pressure Reverse Osmosis (LPRO) for Sustainable Irrigation in the Mediterranean Region." Sustainability 16, no. 4 (2024): 1616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16041616.

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Ensuring the sustainability of a product or a system requires a thorough evaluation of its environmental and socioeconomic impacts. In this context, one of the objectives of the EU-PRIMA SmaCuMed project is to evaluate the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of the Smart Cube system. The Smart Cube was developed for the PV-powered desalination of brackish groundwater with membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) and low-pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO); it additionally uses smart sensors for controlled irrigation in remote agricultural areas in Morocco, as an example for the North African region. Based on the Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment approach, this paper aims to assess the environmental and economic impacts of the Smart Cube, using Life Cycle Costing (LCC) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analyses for environmental evaluation. Various scenarios have been defined for both environmental and economic assessments. Based on 1 m3 of produced desalinated water, the LCC results showed that, when using the desalination technologies directly connected to the grid, the prices are lower than those obtained when it was supplied by the PV system. This is only due to the very low energy prices from the Moroccan grid (EUR 0.10/kWh). The LCC results showed that LPRO is a more cost-effective option for producing desalinated water, with a lower total cost compared to MCDI. However, LCA results indicated that LPRO has a higher environmental impact compared to MCDI. If higher water production capacity is a priority, MCDI connected to PV is the best choice, with lower carbon emission but higher overall water costs.

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Valladares, E., J. Malpica, B. Arntsen, and C. Casanova. "Full scale wastewater recovery and reuse projects in several of PepsiCo food manufacturing facilities in Mexico, utilizing state of the art technologies that include Membrane Bioreactor and Reverse Osmosis." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2018, no. 16 (2018): 1135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864718825137746.

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Thomas, JE. "Book Review - Viruses of Plants in Australia. Edited by Cornelia Buchen-Osmond, Karen Crabtree, Adrian Gibbs and George McLean. The VIDE Project, R.S.B.S., Australian National University, Canberra, 1988 590pp. ISBN 0 7315 0460 7." Australasian Plant Pathology 19, no. 1 (1990): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/app9900030c.

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