Academic literature on the topic 'Osmosis'

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Journal articles on the topic "Osmosis"

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Mr., Deo Abhijit J. Ms. Monika Ola Mrs. Rajveer Bhaskar Mr. Shinde Bhushan Dr.H.S. Mahajan. "REVIEW ON FORMULATION ASPECTS OF OSMOTIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES o6, no. 05 (2019): 9172–82. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2682533.

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<em>The drug delivery System is a new approach to controlling the release of medicinal forms. A Wide range of drug delivery systems for patented osmosis resistance such as Rose-Nelson pump, Higuchi-leeper pump, higuchi-theeuwes pump, elementary osmotic pump etc. Possibility for poorly allowed medications, release of pulsatile drugs, zero emission order is useful. Different methods for sample ratio are obtained push pull osmotic Pump, osmotic Bursting osmotic pump, liquid oral osmotic system, sandwiched osmotic tablets (SOTS), long period of time delivery osmotic device, and controlled porosity
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Xiaoyu, Fan, Ding Jihui, Wei Yaxing, and Zhao Qi. "Experimental study on treatment of municipal sludge by electro-osmotic method." International Journal of Engineering Research & Science 3, no. 12 (2017): 16–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1187242.

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<em>The main purpose of the electro</em><em>-</em><em>osmosis method in engineering is to reinforce the foundation</em><em>. The electro-osmosis method has a lot of research on the foundation reinforcement. The most application is the experiment of electro-osmotic combined loading. The experiment on treatment of heavy metals in municipal sludge by electro-osmotic method is still in a blank state. In this paper, the changes of basic physical properties of sludge before and after electro-osmosis and the changes of heavy metals in sludge before and after electro-osmosis were analyzed. The feasibi
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Kiil, F. "Molecular mechanisms of osmosis." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 256, no. 4 (1989): R801—R808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1989.256.4.r801.

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Osmosis across a semipermeable membrane is usually treated in terms of thermodynamics, but the equations for osmosis can also be derived from kinetic considerations. Since fewer solvent molecules bombard the semipermeable membrane from the solution side, a kinetic pressure difference (osmotic potential) is generated into pore openings. Intermolecular forces cancel each other and do not affect the osmotic potential. On the other hand, osmotic flow is dependent on intermolecular cohesive forces permitting the generation of large negative pressures in the membrane pores. Osmosis is therefore a un
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Wu, Sihao, Juntao Wang, Lin Zhang, Sixin Liu, and Congfa Li. "Effects of Osmotic Dehydration on Mass Transfer of Tender Coconut Kernel." Foods 13, no. 14 (2024): 2188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13142188.

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Tender coconut water has been very popular as a natural beverage rich in various electrolytes, amino acids, and vitamins, and hence a large amount of tender coconut kernel is left without efficient utilization. To explore the possibility of making infused tender coconut kernel, we investigated the effects of two osmosis methods, including solid-state osmotic dehydration and liquid-state osmotic dehydration, as well as two osmosis agents such as sorbitol and sucrose, on the mass transfer of coconut kernel under solid-state osmotic dehydration conditions. The results showed that under the condit
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Xiang, Pengfei, Yunliang Cui, and Gang Wei. "Study on the Effect of Low-Temperature Anode Filled with FeCl3 Solution on Electro-Osmotic Reinforcement of Soft Clay." Applied Sciences 12, no. 5 (2022): 2517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12052517.

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In order to study the effect of FeCl3 solution on the current, soil pH value, drainage volume, anode potential difference, energy consumption, and resistivity of electro-osmosis consolidation of soft clay with different moisture contents under a low temperature environment, we carried out 31 sets of model tests under different working conditions by using a self-made device and an improved Miller Soil Box. The test results showed that, under the same conditions, although the energy consumption coefficient of electro-osmosis had little change in the low temperature environment, the current, disp
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Odom, Arthur Louis, Lloyd H. Barrow, and William L. Romine. "Teaching Osmosis to Biology Students." American Biology Teacher 79, no. 6 (2017): 473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2017.79.6.473.

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Osmosis is a fundamental concept of great importance to understanding natural biological, physical, and chemical processes. We provide an instructional guide to assist instructors of advanced high school biology and college biology students in defining questions that are central to deriving a highly developed understanding of osmosis. We present teaching activities that focus on advancing multiple hypotheses about the cause of osmosis, presenting a tentative explanation and model of osmosis, and drawing scientifically accepted conclusions about osmotic processes.
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Touati, Khaled, Fernando Tadeo, and Hamza Elfil. "Osmotic energy recovery from Reverse Osmosis using two-stage Pressure Retarded Osmosis." Energy 132 (August 2017): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.05.050.

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Jeyakanthan, V., C. T. Gnanendran, and S. C. R. Lo. "Laboratory assessment of electro-osmotic stabilization of soft clay." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 48, no. 12 (2011): 1788–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t11-073.

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The application of electro-osmosis (EO) for stabilizing soft clays is receiving more attention in geotechnical engineering. When the application of traditional ground improvement techniques, such as surcharge, pre-loading, wick drains, and vacuum pre-loading, is not appropriate for a particular situation, innovative techniques such as electro-osmosis need to be considered. Although the effectiveness of electro-osmosis has been widely demonstrated in many field applications, geotechnical engineers are still hesitant to apply electro-osmosis due to unknown effects such as electro-chemical change
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Kim, Jung Eun, Sherub Phuntsho, Syed Muztuza Ali, Joon Young Choi, and Ho Kyong Shon. "Forward osmosis membrane modular configurations for osmotic dilution of seawater by forward osmosis and reverse osmosis hybrid system." Water Research 128 (January 2018): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.10.042.

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Spinelli Barria, Michele, Cecilia Morales, Cristian Merino, and Waldo Quiroz. "Realist ontology and natural processes: a semantic tool to analyze the presentation of the osmosis concept in science texts." Chemistry Education Research and Practice 17, no. 4 (2016): 646–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5rp00219b.

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In this work, we developed an ontological tool, based on the scientific realism of Mario Bunge, for the analysis of the presentation of natural processes in science textbooks. This tool was applied to analyze the presentation of the concept of osmosis in 16 chemistry and biology books at different educational levels. The results showed that more than 50% of the books present the process of osmosis connected just with concentration properties associated with the hydrodynamic state of the osmotic process, forgetting the properties of osmotic pressure to define the state of osmotic equilibrium. T
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Osmosis"

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Alaswad, Saleh O. M. "Investigation of organic osmotic agents forward osmosis desalination process." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2015. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/808886/.

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This study investigated the effects of novel membrane-osmotic agent systems on forward osmosis process efficacy. Glucose, sucrose and NaCl were investigated as osmotic agents, and nano-filtration, reverse osmosis and hollow fibre flat sheet as membrane types. The effects of draw solution concentration, flow rate and temperature as well as feed water flow rate and temperature were investigated for the aforementioned membrane types. The efficacy of forward osmosis process was measured on the basis of water flux, water recovery rate, water permeability, specific energy consumption and solute flux
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Hassinger, Elaine. "Reverse Osmosis Units." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/156939.

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1 pp.<br>Reverse osmosis (RO) is an excellent way to remove certain unwanted contaminants, such as lead and nitrates, from your drinking water. This article discusses how reverse osmosis works, and both the advantages and disadvantages of the system.
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Xie, Zhangwang. "Polysaccharide fouling in reverse osmosis and forward osmosis desalination and its alleviation." Thesis, Xie, Zhangwang (2015) Polysaccharide fouling in reverse osmosis and forward osmosis desalination and its alleviation. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2015. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/31172/.

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Membrane separation processes, including forward osmosis (FO) and reverse osmosis (RO), for application in water desalination are plagued by membrane fouling. In particular, membrane biofouling is unpredictable in its nature and affected by numerous factors. One of the major contributors to biofouling is the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by bacteria, especially the polysaccharides that form a large part of EPS. The objectives of this study are to understand the polysaccharide fouling mechanisms based on a comparison of polysaccharide fouling in FO and RO and to find sui
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Lion, Thomas. "Osmosis : a molecular dynamics computer simulation study." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7877.

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Osmosis is a phenomenon of critical importance in a variety of processes ranging from the transport of ions across cell membranes and the regulation of blood salt levels by the kidneys to the desalination of water and the production of clean energy using potential osmotic power plants. However, despite its importance and over one hundred years of study, there is an ongoing confusion concerning the nature of the microscopic dynamics of the solvent particles in their transfer across the membrane. In this thesis the microscopic dynamical processes underlying osmotic pressure and concentration gra
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Siddiqui, Farrukh Arsalan. "Membrane filtration : fouling and cleaning in forward osmosis, reverse osmosis, and ultrafiltration membranes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bcaadfaa-62fb-4910-8218-bff387a19a11.

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A comparison of fouling in osmotically driven processes with that in pressure driven processes is the main focus of the thesis. Forward osmosis (FO) and reverse osmosis (RO) have received considerable attention for water treatment and seawater desalination. This research compared the nature of fouling in FO mode with that in RO starting with the same initial flux in connection with cleaning effects and then comparing to those in ultrafiltration membranes. In all cases, with cleaning as an integral part, the extent of fouling reversibility, and the question whether a critical flux could be dete
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Guell, David Charles. "The physical mechanism of osmosis and osmotic pressure--a hydrodynamic theory for calculating the osmotic reflection coefficient." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29859.

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Arnaud, Damien. "Biofouling on reverse osmosis membranes." Thesis, Arnaud, Damien (2015) Biofouling on reverse osmosis membranes. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2015. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/29838/.

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Membrane biofouling is a major concern in water treatment processes as it can significantly reduce the system’s efficiency. Biofouling is mainly caused by microorganisms, and is difficult to control or avoid. It leads to higher operating pressure which strains the membrane, shortens the membrane life, and increases maintenance costs. Multiple literature reviews suggest that the main contributors to membrane biofouling are polysaccharides. This is why in this project two model polysaccharides (alginate and xanthan) were used to study their individual fouling effects on reverse osmosis effic
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Suwannakarn, Monthat. "Biofouling on forward osmosis system." Thesis, Suwannakarn, Monthat (2016) Biofouling on forward osmosis system. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/33949/.

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Fouling is an inevitable issue that all membrane systems have to face. The presence of membrane fouling causes membrane systems (such as reverse osmosis and forward osmosis) to suffer the increase of resistance thus reducing the efficiency of the systems. This raises concerns about the osmosis technology as it also reduces the system and membrane lifetime while increasing the maintenance costs. From previous papers and literature review, polysaccharides were found to be the main contributor to membrane fouling. The literature explains the polysaccharides that caused the membrane fouling we
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Zaghy, Amar. "Biofouling in reverse osmosis processes." Thesis, Zaghy, Amar (2016) Biofouling in reverse osmosis processes. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/33970/.

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Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a water purification technology that uses a semi-permeable membrane to remove salt and other particles from drinking water. It is the dominant technology which has overtaken many conventional systems in recent years. Membrane biofouling is the main disadvantage of using RO technology which can result in reducing the system’s efficiency. The rejected microorganisms on the surface of the membrane form a fouling layer (biofouling) which leads to a decline in permeate flux, increase of hydraulic resistance, increase in operating pressure, and shortening of the membrane life
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Aguiar, Alessandra Mara Locatelli de. "Avaliação do processo de concentração osmotica para obtenção de banana passa." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255529.

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Orientador: Roberto Herminio Moretti<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T15:51:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aguiar_AlessandraMaraLocatellide_M.pdf: 1450258 bytes, checksum: 8496d97a288559f534ce39db89383b61 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006<br>Resumo: O Brasil é um país com característica agrícola e o desenvolvimento dos setores agroindustriais é de grande importância sócio-econômica e que devem ser explorados a fim de evitar o desperdício de alimentos, agregar valor aos produtos agrícol
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Books on the topic "Osmosis"

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Caballero, Teresa. Osmosis. Emecé Editores, 1988.

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Tikhomolova, K. P. Electro-osmosis. E. Horwood, 1993.

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Kucera, Jane. Reverse Osmosis. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119145776.

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Kucera, Jane. Reverse Osmosis. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470882634.

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Center for Environmental Research Information (U.S.), ed. Reverse osmosis process. Center for Environmental Research Information, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1996.

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Sourirajan, S., and Takeshi Matsuura, eds. Reverse Osmosis and Ultrafiltration. American Chemical Society, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1985-0281.

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Tony, Staton-Bevan, ed. Osmosis & glassfibre yacht construction. 2nd ed. Sheridan House, 1995.

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Bergman, Robert. Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration. 2nd ed. American Water Works Association, 2007.

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Staton-Bevan, Tony. Osmosis & glassfibre yacht construction. 2nd ed. Adlard Coles Nautical, 1995.

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S, Sourirajan, Matsuura Takeshi 1936-, American Chemical Society. Division of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry., and American Chemical Society Meeting, eds. Reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration. American Chemical Society, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Osmosis"

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Kumar Majumder, Subrata. "Osmosis and Reverse Osmosis." In Mechanical and Solid-Fluid Operations. CRC Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003571377-10.

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Heppner, John B., John B. Heppner, Minos E. Tzanakakis, et al. "Osmosis." In Encyclopedia of Entomology. Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_1899.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Osmosis." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_8271.

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Broad, Roger. "Osmosis." In Labour's European Dilemmas. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230508545_11.

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Baak, Marleen A., Bernard Gutin, Kim A. Krawczewski Carhuatanta, et al. "Osmosis." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_2789.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Osmosis." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_14405.

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Phuntsho, Sherub, Ho Kyong Shon, Tian Zhang, and Rao Surampalli. "Introduction: Role of Membrane Science and Technology and Forward Osmosis Processes." In Forward Osmosis. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784414071.ch01.

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Wei, Jing, and Chuyang Y. Tang. "Modeling of Forward Osmosis Processes." In Forward Osmosis. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784414071.ch02.

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Kim, Joon Ha, Minkyu Park, and Jijung Lee. "Impacts of Spacers on Forward Osmosis Processes." In Forward Osmosis. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784414071.ch03.

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Herron, Jack. "Forward Osmosis Element Design." In Forward Osmosis. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784414071.ch04.

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Conference papers on the topic "Osmosis"

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Morefield, Sean, Vincent Hock, Michael McInerney, Orange Marshall, Charlie Marsh, and Sondra Cooper. "Control of Water Migration through Concrete Using Electro-osmosis." In CORROSION 2003. NACE International, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2003-03279.

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Abstract Electro-osmosis, in the form of Electro-osmotic Pulses (EOP) can be used as a means to prevent water intrusion in below grade spaces. This technique has been evaluated in a test basement, and at implemented at several field locations. The testing within the scope of this work looked at the effectiveness of EOP with two different backfills, and in conjunction with conventional repair techniques. EOP was found to control moisture in a concrete wall effectively with both a clay and a gravel backfill, with the clay performing slightly better than the gravel. When the EOP configuration was
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Zisson, Peter S., and Dick Youmans. "Qualifying New Chemistries for Reverse Osmosis Membrane Treatment." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00319.

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Abstract The use of reverse osmosis for water purification is increasing. Reverse osmosis offers an economically viable approach for the removal of dissolved solids from water. One aspect of membrane use is the need to treat the incoming water to prevent scale, microbiological growth and fouling from inhibiting the membrane's ability to function. In extreme conditions, these conditions can ruin a membrane, forcing expensive replacement. Treatment is itself of no value if the treatment chemicals are antagonistic to the membrane. It is of no benefit to feed a microbicide to a reverse osmosis sys
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Morefield, Sean, Vincent Hock, Michael McInerney, et al. "Control of Water Migration through Various Construction Materials Using Electro-Osmosis." In CORROSION 2004. NACE International, 2004. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2004-04324.

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Abstract Electro-osmosis, in the form of Electro-osmotic Pulses (EOP) can be used as a means to prevent water intrusion in below grade spaces. In the last decade, EOP has been used to control water in below grade spaces built using concrete. This paper discusses the use of EOP to water migration through brick, concrete masonry unit, granite and sandstone. A 30 VDC potential drove water, doped with 0.1 M NaCl across a 4-inch thick specimen. The water transport rates in the above mentioned materials, measured in cm/hr, compared favorably with transport rates observed in concrete cells in similar
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Patel, Suresh, and John Milligan. "Magnesium Hydroxide Deposit Control for Reverse Osmosis Systems." In CORROSION 2008. NACE International, 2008. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2008-08374.

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Abstract The reduction of boron in permeate water is currently practiced by using a secondary pass reverse osmosis (RO) system whereby the pH of the feed is increased above pH 10 with a recovery of greater than 90%. These conditions lead to fouling of predominantly of magnesium hydroxide onto the membrane thus reducing its efficiency. An investigation was carried out to study the fouling under conditions of high pH and recovery on a membrane. A new method was developed to study the deposition of magnesium hydroxide under dynamic conditions. The findings from this work show that there are signi
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Zeiher, E. H. K., C. A. Soderquist, and D. Woods. "Scale and Deposit Control in Reverse Osmosis Applications." In CORROSION 1993. NACE International, 1993. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1993-93460.

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Abstract Causes of poor reverse osmosis (RO) performance and/or failure include scale formation, iron deposition, and biological fouling. Benchtop and field tests were used to screen products for their activity against these foulants. Experimental techniques and results are discussed.
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Zibrida, John F., Zahid Amjad, Robert W. Zuhl, and Jim Lewis. "Advances in Reverse Osmosis Application in Water Reuse." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00314.

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Abstract Conservation of water resources and the minimization of discharges are paramount in today’s industries. The reuse of process water effluents plays an important role in conserving water. This paper investigates the recycle of effluent process water from a metal finishing operation using reverse osmosis to provide make-up water for reuse. A case history demonstrates how membrane separation is used to produce water suitable for use and to minimize or eliminate aqueous discharges. This paper also examines the use of pretreatment chemicals to minimize membrane fouling.
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Terao, Tokuhiro, and Atsuo Miyazaki. "Chemical Cleaning Waste Water Treatment by Reverse Osmosis." In CORROSION 1993. NACE International, 1993. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1993-93364.

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Abstract A method of treatment by reverse osmosis (RO) has been developed and implemented for the treatment of waste waters from organic acid cleaning applied to the chemical cleaning of power plant once-through boilers. Concentrate waste waters containing COD and nitrogen components, such as ammonia and dilute waste waters from water washing, are separately stored. The concentrate waste water is treated by RO into a dilute permeate and a thickened waste water. By repetition of this process, the waste water volume is reduced to 1/4-1/6 of the original. In the permeate, COD and ammonia concentr
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McInerney, Michael K., Sondra C. Cooper, Vincent F. Hock, and Sean W. Morefield. "Measurements of Water and Ion Transport in Concrete via Electro-Osmosis." In CORROSION 2004. NACE International, 2004. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2004-04351.

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Abstract This paper describes an experimental study of water transport through concrete via electro osmosis - the forced movement of water though a porous material due to an external electric field. A basic understanding of this behavior is necessary in order to effectively apply several technologies, such as cathodic protection of rebar in concrete and the ElectroOsmotic Pulse waterproofing technology. The impact of electro-osmosis on the chemistry of concrete was also investigated by observing ion transport within the material. Concrete specimens of various water/cement ratios were prepared
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Howlett, Larry D. "Osmosis." In ASME 2024 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2024-144276.

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Abstract This paper presents an improved model for the phenomenon of osmosis. It extends the excellent work introduced by J.H. van’t Hoff more than 130 years ago. The van’t Hoff model was a major improvement to the previous 100 years of research and experiments and has served as a solid place holder to support the tremendous advances that we have seen in many fields. Osmosis is a fluid flow phenomenon important to biological, water purification, and other problem areas. Osmotic flow occurs from a pure substance through a membrane into a solution. Flow stops when osmotic pressure is applied to
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Howlett, Larry D. "The Theory of Osmosis." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-55040.

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A fresh view for explaining the process of osmosis and the phenomenon of osmotic pressure is presented. The process of osmosis was identified and modeled more than 100 years ago. Others have unsuccessfully challenged the original model developed by J.H. van’t Hoff. We revisit the basic equations and assumptions used in the thermodynamic derivation of the osmosis model. And, we propose a small but significantly different view of the traditional theory of osmosis. From this new view of osmosis and the osmosis experiment, we conclude that osmosis occurs at atmospheric pressure. In cellular membra
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Reports on the topic "Osmosis"

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McMordie-Stoughton, Katherine L., Xiaoli Duan, and Emily M. Wendel. Reverse Osmosis Optimization. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1095449.

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Sohail Murad. Final Report: Computer Simulation of Osmosis and Reverse Osmosis in Structured Membranes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1032490.

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Siler, J. L. A comparison of ROChem reverse osmosis and spiral wound reverse osmosis membrane modules. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10191871.

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Siler, J. L. A comparison of ROChem reverse osmosis and spiral wound reverse osmosis membrane modules. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6994228.

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Siler, J. L. Remediating biofouling of reverse osmosis membranes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7279109.

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Coleman, Amos J. Ebara Reverse Osmosis Optimization (ROOP) System. Defense Technical Information Center, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada254593.

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Siler, J. L. Remediating biofouling of reverse osmosis membranes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10172329.

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Siler, J. L. A comparison of reverse osmosis membrane cleaning methods. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6731692.

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Siler, J. L. A comparison of reverse osmosis membrane cleaning methods. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10113174.

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Farnand, B. Reverse osmosis fractionation of organic solutes in nonaqueous solutions. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304404.

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