Academic literature on the topic 'Osmosis. Mannitol'
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Journal articles on the topic "Osmosis. Mannitol"
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Pereira, Ricardo Borges, Tiago B. Torres, Patrícia Pereira da Silva, Gilvaine C. Lucas, Jadir Borges Pinheiro, and Warley Marcos Nascimento. "Use of water restriction in the inoculation of carrot seeds." Journal of Seed Science 41, no. 4 (October 2019): 416–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v41n4218390.
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Abstract: This study aimed at evaluating the method of inoculation of carrot seeds in a potato-dextrose-agar medium (PDA) added of mannitol. Alternaria radicina was the fungus chosen to test such methodology. The osmosis-controlling agent was employed to obtain the osmotic potentials of 0.6 MPa, 0.8 MPa, 1.0 MPa and 1.2 MPa. In comparison with the control treatment, no significant mycelial growth inhibition was noticed at any of the osmotic potentials considered. The seeds were distributed over the fungal colonies for infection, where they remained for 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 hours, at the osmotic potentials of 0.0 MPa (control), 0.6 MPa, 0.8 MPa, 1.0 MPa and 1.2 MPa, respectively. Tests of germination, sanitization and emergence were performed to evaluate the effects of colonization. Regarding the germination, the different osmotic potentials resulted in similar percentages of abnormal seedlings and dead seeds. As for the sanitization testing, higher infection rates were observed at the osmotic potentials of 1.0 MPa and 1.2 MPa. The lowest percentage of emergence was found at -1.2 MPa, therefore suggesting that this osmotic potential (produced with mannitol) might be used for infecting carrot seeds for research purposes.
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Vinogradova, Elena. "USE OF SUCROSE AND MANNITOL FOR DIFFERENTIATION OF FLAX GENOTYPES BY RESISTANCE TO OSMOTIC STRESS." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 15, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2020-10-15.
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The studies were carried out with the aim of studying the effect of various concentrations of sucrose and mannitol on seeds, immature embryos, and callus cultures of flax to develop a method for obtaining genotypes resistant to osmotic stress. The work was carried out in the Tver region in the laboratory of breeding technologies in 2017–2019. Flax varieties Barbara, Belinka, LM-98, Aurore, Tverskoy, Svetoch, Diplomat, Symfonia were used as objects of research. The seeds were obtained from the National Flax Collection of the Federal Scientific Center for Bast Crops. The effect of sucrose solution on the length of the primary root was detected at concentrations - 0; 8.7; 14.9%. To assess the germination energy of seeds under osmotic stress, the concentration of sucrose was reduced and the range 0 (control) ... 9% was considered. Immature embryos removed from the capsules on the 10th day after pollination were cultivated on MS medium with sucrose, as a selective agent, at a concentration of 5.0 ... 7.0%. Callus tissues were cultured using mannitol as an osmotic at concentrations of 0; 30.0; 36.4; 37.0; 37.4; 38.0 mg/l. Concentrations of 5.0, 6.0 and 7.0% of sucrose can be used as an osmotic differentiator for seeds (10 ... 80% of seeds germinated in the Belinka variety, 80 ... 100% in the Varbara variety, 80 ... 90% in the variety LM-98). Sucrose, as a selective agent, in a culture of immature flax embryos in vitro at a concentration of 5.0 ... 7.0% can be selective only for certain genotypes, for example, the Aurore variety. The selection of resistant callus cells, followed by the formation of adventive buds and shoots in the meristematic foci, can be carried out on media containing 30.0 or 36.4 mg / L of osmosis, which allows obtaining morphogenic callus, buds, shoots in all studied genotypes, as well as in the Aurore variety 1.1 ... 1.2 byp./callus, in the Tverskoy variety - 0.6 ... 0.8, in the Barbara variety - 1.0 ...1.1
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Sorani, Marco D., and Geoffrey T. Manley. "Dose–response relationship of mannitol and intracranial pressure: a metaanalysis." Journal of Neurosurgery 108, no. 1 (January 2008): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns/2008/108/01/0080.
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Object Brain edema can increase intracranial pressure (ICP), potentially leading to ischemia, herniation, and death. Edema and elevated ICP are often treated with osmotic agents to remove water from brain tissue. Mannitol is the osmotic diuretic most commonly used in the intensive care unit; however, despite its clinical importance, treatment protocols vary from center to center, and the dose–response relationship is not understood. The goal of this metaanalysis was to aggregate and analyze data from studies in which authors have described the dose–response relationship between mannitol and ICP. Methods The authors identified 18 studies that quantitatively characterized the dose–response relationship of mannitol and ICP. We also examined study designs and mannitol administration protocols. Results Meta-regression found a weak linear relationship between change in ICP (ΔICP) and dose (ΔICP = 6.6 × dose − 1.1; p = 0.27, R2 = 0.05). The lack of statistical significance could reflect the variation in protocols among studies and the variation in patients both within and among studies. However, the authors found a highly significant difference (p < 0.001) in decrease in ICP when the initial ICP was higher or lower than 30 mm Hg. Nonlinear regression suggested that ICP decrease is greatest shortly after mannitol is given (R2 = 0.63). Finally, the authors found that recent studies tend to include fewer patients and set a lower ICP threshold for mannitol administration but report more parameters of interest; the duration of mannitol's effect was the most frequently unreported parameter. Conclusions Despite its clinical importance, the determination of the mannitol dose–response curve continues to be challenging for many reasons. This metaanalysis highlights the need for a consensus of methods and results required to determine this important relationship.
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Visweswaran, P., E. K. Massin, and T. D. Dubose. "Mannitol-induced acute renal failure." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 8, no. 6 (June 1997): 1028–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v861028.
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The osmotic diuretic mannitol may be used in diverse clinical settings, such as providing "renal protection" in patients at risk for acute renal failure, decreasing intracranial pressure in patients with intracranial trauma, and preventing the dialysis-disequilibrium syndrome. Mannitol is commonly used after cardiac catheterization, cardiovascular surgery, and exposure to intravenous contrast dyes. This study presents a case in which a long-term renal transplant recipient receiving cyclosporine therapy concomitantly developed acute renal failure after the administration of high-dose mannitol in an attempt to induce an osmotic diuresis. The diagnosis of "osmotic nephrosis" was confirmed by renal biopsy, and the condition was reversed by cessation of the agent. Studies in experimental animals indicate that cyclosporin A can potentiate the tubular toxicity of mannitol, but such an association has not been verified in humans. Numerous studies confirm the nephrotoxic potential of high-dose mannitol, especially in patients with renal insufficiency. The clinical utility of the osmolar gap in preventing mannitol nephrotoxicity is emphasized.
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Ravussin, Patrick, David P. Archer, Jane L. Tyler, Ernst Meyer, Mounir Abou-Madi, Mirko Diksic, Lucas Yamamoto, and Davy Trop. "Effects of rapid mannitol infusion on cerebral blood volume." Journal of Neurosurgery 64, no. 1 (January 1986): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1986.64.1.0104.
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✓ Positron emission tomography was used to study the effect of a rapid infusion of mannitol on cerebral blood volume (CBV) in five dogs and in three human subjects. The ability of mannitol to reduce intracranial pressure (ICP) has always been attributed to its osmotic dehydrating effect. The effects of mannitol infusion include increased osmolality, total blood volume, central venous pressure (CVP), and cerebral blood flow, and decreased hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, serum sodium level, and viscosity. Mannitol's ability to dilate the cerebral vasculature, either directly or indirectly, and thus to transiently increase ICP, is a subject of controversy. By in vivo labeling of red cells with carbon-11, the authors were able to demonstrate an early increase in CBV in dogs of 20%, 27%, and 23% (mean increase, p < 0.05) at 1, 2, and 3 minutes, respectively, after an infusion of 20% mannitol (2 gm/kg over a 3-minute period). The animals' muscle blood volume increased by 27% (mean increase, p < 0.05) 2 minutes after infusion. In the human subjects, lower doses and a longer duration of infusion (1 gm/kg over 4 minutes) resulted in an increase in CBV of 8%, 14% (p < 0.05), and 10% at 1, 2, and 3 minutes, respectively, after infusion. In dogs, ICP increased by 4 mm Hg (mean increase, p < 0.05) 1 minute after the infusion, before decreasing sharply. The ICP was not measured in the human subjects. Hematocrit, hemoglobin, sodium, potassium, osmolality, heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and CVP were measured serially. Results of these measurements, as well as the significant decrease in MAP that occurred after mannitol infusion, are discussed. This study demonstrated that rapid mannitol infusion increases CBV and ICP. The increase in muscle blood volume, in the presence of a decreased MAP and an adequate CVP, suggests that mannitol may have caused vasodilation in these experiments.
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Nomani, Ali Zohair, Zahid Nabi, Humayun Rashid, Jamal Janjua, Hanna Nomani, Azer Majeed, Sohail Raza Chaudry, and Ayesha Saad Mazhar. "Osmotic nephrosis with mannitol: review article." Renal Failure 36, no. 7 (June 18, 2014): 1169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/0886022x.2014.926758.
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Sari, Erni A., Suharjono Suharjono, and Joni Wahyuhadi. "Monitoring Serum Creatinine, Blood Urea Nitrogen in Patients Brain Injury with Mannitol Therapy." Folia Medica Indonesiana 56, no. 4 (November 25, 2020): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v56i4.23406.
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Increased intracranial pressure is a further effect of brain injury due to structural damage and osmotic and water imbalances (edema). Mannitol works in the proximal tubules and mannitol in the absorption of tubular cells by the mechanism of pinocytosis. The fluid transfer will draw fluid into the intracellular, so that the cell will be switched and broke. This phenomenon is referred to as the phenomenon of "Nephrosis Osmotic", in which mannitol administration may occur as a result of accumulation of drugs in the kidneys due to prolonged exposure to mannitol in the kidney and given dosage. The effects of osmotic diuresis occurring plus the dose and duration of mannitol administration are reported to cause renal function disorders (Scr and BUN). The aim of this study was to analyze changes in serum creatinine and BUN in patients with brain injury from before receiving mannitol therapy and during mannitol treatment. From the results of the study the number of patients who met the inclusion criteria, 32 patients. Serum creatinine, the initial average of 0.85±0.17 mg/dl and the last day of the mean SCr 0.74±0.30 mg/dl. While the mean BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) was 11.27±2.75 mg/dl and the mean last day was 17.08 mg/dl±8.59 mg/dl. From Serum Creatinine and BUN data it can be concluded that there is no significant change.
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Sari, Erni A., Suharjono Suharjono, and Joni Wahyuhadi. "Monitoring Serum Creatinine, Blood Urea Nitrogen in Patients Brain Injury with Mannitol Therapy." Folia Medica Indonesiana 56, no. 4 (January 14, 2021): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v56i4.24588.
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Increased intracranial pressure is a further effect of brain injury due to structural damage and osmotic and water imbalances (Edema). Mannitol works in the proximal tubules and mannitol in the absorption of tubular cells by the mechanism of pinocytosis. The fluid transfer will draw fluid into the intracellular, so that the cell will be switched and broke. This phenomenon is referred to as the phenomenon of "Nephrosis Osmotic", in which mannitol administration may occur as a result of accumulation of drugs in the kidneys due to prolonged exposure to mannitol in the kidney and given dosage. The effects of osmotic diuresis occurring plus the dose and duration of mannitol administration are reported to cause renal function disorders (Scr and BUN). The aim of this study was to analyze changes in serum creatinine and BUN in patients with brain injury from before receiving mannitol therapy and during mannitol treatment. From the results of the study the number of patients who met the inclusion criteria, 32 patients. Serum creatinine, the initial average of 0.85 ± 0.17 mg / dl and the last day of the mean SCr 0.74 ± 0.30 mg / dl. While the mean BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) was 11.27 ± 2.75 mg / dl and the mean last day was 17.08 mg / dl ± 8.59 mg / dl. From Serum Creatinine and BUN data it can be concluded that there is no significant change.
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Shibli, Rida, L. Art Spomer, and Mary Ann Lila Smith. "OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENT AND GROWTH RESPONSE OF THREE in vitro GROWN Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. CULTIVARS TO OSMOTIC STRESS." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1125a—1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1125a.
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Osmotic adjustment in response to decreasing media water availability was observed for in vitro Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. cultivars Bright Golden Anne, Deep Luv, and Lucido. Water stress was induced by increasing sorbitol (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 M), mannitol (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 M), and sucrose (30, 45, 60, 75, 90 g·l-1) concentrations in modified MS media (2 mg·l-1 BA and 0.1 mg·l-1 NAA). Osmotic adjustment was evidenced by a significant reduction in measured cell sap osmotic potential (R2 = 0.78, 0.96, 0.91 for sucrose, sorbitol, and mannitol respectively) in all cultivars. Shoot length, weighted density (apparent mass), and proliferation were significantly reduced by sorbitol and mannitol treatments. Sucrose reduced shoot proliferation, increased length, and had an inconsistent effect on weighted density. Cultures grown on media without hormones showed tremendous increase in root number up to 60 g·l-1 sucrose. Sorbitol had a negligible effect on rooting at 0.1 M but no roots developed at higher sorbitol concentrations or in any mannitol treatments. Plants transferred to a non-water-stress media after they had experienced in vitro water stress exhibited no change in osmotic properties from the stress treatments.
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Zhang, Qi, and Kevin Rue. "Glycinebetaine Seed Priming Improved Osmotic and Salinity Tolerance in Turfgrasses." HortScience 47, no. 8 (August 2012): 1171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.8.1171.
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Exogenous application of glycinebetaine (GB), an osmoprotectant, increases tolerance to stresses including salinity in various plants. Information on turfgrass, however, is limited. In this study, GB was used to prime turfgrass seeds to enhance salinity tolerance during germination and seedling growth stage when plants are more sensitive to stresses. Unprimed and primed (50, 100, 150, or 200 mm solution of GB or distilled water) seeds of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) (PR), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) (TF), creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) (CB), and kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) (KB) were germinated in solutions of distilled water, mannitol (causing osmotic stress only), or NaCl (causing both osmotic and ionic stresses). Their osmotic potential (ψS) and salinity level were -0.1 MPa and 0.1 dS·m−1 (no stress), –1.0 MPa and 0.1 dS·m−1 (moderate osmotic stress), and –1.0 MPa and 14.6 dS·m−1 (moderate osmotic and ionic stresses), respectively. Seeds primed with GB showed a higher germination rate (11.0% to 13.9% increase) and seedling growth (19.3% to 20.7% increase) in mannitol or NaCl solution than in distilled water. Different turf species showed different responses to osmotic and ionic stresses. No differences in germination and seedling growth of PR, TF, and KB were observed between mannitol and NaCl treatments, indicating that osmotic stress appeared to more critical than ionic stress under saline conditions. For CB, the seed germination rate and seedling growth were lower (19.3% to 44.2% reduction) in NaCl than in mannitol, showing an accumulative effect of both osmotic and ionic stresses under saline conditions.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Osmosis. Mannitol"
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Gulliksson, Magdalena. "Mast cell activation in response to osmotic and immunological stimulation with focus on release of eicosanoid mediators /." Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-091-6/.
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Blomqvist, Elin. "Effekter av osmotisk potential, samt salteffekter på några vägkantsväxter." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för miljö- och livsvetenskaper (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-67635.
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Syftet med studien var att undersöka effekter på frögroning i form av procentuell frögroning och mean germination time (MGT) för några vanligt förekommande vägkantsväxter till följd av saltning av vägar. Frön från (Prunella vulgaris), getväppling (Anthyllis vulneraria), grått saltgräs (Puccinella distans), grässtjärnblomma (Stellaria graminea) och tjärblomster (Viscaria vulgaris) fördelades i petriskålar och utsattes för mannitol- och natriumkloridlösningar av osmotisk potential -0,3, -0,6 och -0,9 MPa. Mannitol användes för att skilja osmotiska effekter från joniska effekter som natriumklorid ger upphov till. Kontroller med avjoniserat vatten visade frögroning i frånvaro av osmotiska- och joniska effekter. Den procentuella frögroningen var högst i kontrollerna för samtliga arter och minskade med en lägre osmotisk potential. Tjärblomster visade sig gro bäst under samtliga behandlingar. Lägst procentuell groning hade grått saltgräs och grässtjärnblomma. Det tog längre tid för alla arter att gro under en lägre osmotisk potential. Tjärblomster och getväppling visade sig mest känsliga mot abiotiska förändringar och grodde långsammast i förhållande till kontroller för respektive art. Vilket ämne som fröna utsattes för hade ingen påverkan på procentuell groning och MGT, vilket tyder på att det är osmotiska effekter som påverkar arternas frögroning.The aim of this study was to investigate effects of lowered osmotic potential and osmotic agents on seedling germination and mean germination time (MGT) of some common roadside plants. Seeds of Prunella vulgaris, Anthyllis vulneraria, Puccinella distans, Stellaria graminea and Viscaria vulgaris were distributed in petri dishes and exposed to mannitol and sodium chloride solutions with osmotic potential of -0.3, - 0.6 and -0.9 MPa. Mannitol was used to distinguish osmotic effects from ionic effects caused by sodium chloride. Controls with distilled water showed germination in the absence of osmotic and ionic effects. The percentage of emerged seedlings were highest in controls for all species and decreased with a lower osmotic potential. Viscaria vulgaris had the highest percentage of emerged seedlings across all treatments. The lowest percentage of emerged seedlings had Puccinella distans and Stellaria graminea. It took longer time for all species to germinate under a lower osmotic potential. Viscaria vulgaris and Anthyllis vulneraria turned out to be most sensitive to abiotic changes and grew slowest in relation to controls. There was no difference in the impact of the osmotic agent on percentage germination and MGT, indicating that it is mainly the osmotic effect that affects the seed germination.
Books on the topic "Osmosis. Mannitol"
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Wijdicks, Eelco F. M., and Sarah L. Clark. Osmotic Therapy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190684747.003.0005.
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Osmotic drugs are ubiquitously used in neurocritically ill patients. Mannitol and hypertonic saline are readily available in emergency departments and intensive care units to reduce intracranial pressure. Mannitol depletes and hypertonic saline expands the volume status. Hyperosmolar fluids increase the intravascular osmolality, draw water from the brain, reduce or temporize shift, and reduce globally increased intracranial pressure from any cause. These osmotic fluids change fluid compartments and cannot be used indiscriminately. Particularly when they are administered regularly, close monitoring is needed and target goals should be set. This chapter discusses triggers for the use of these osmotic agents, how to judge their effect, and how to dose adequately.
Book chapters on the topic "Osmosis. Mannitol"
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Better, O. S., I. Rubinstein, and J. Winaver. "Osmotic Diuretics: Mannitol." In Diuretics, 423–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79565-7_12.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Osmosis. Mannitol"
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Leukhina, Т. V., and K. Yu Zubareva. "ESTIMATION OF OSMOTIC RESISTANCE OF SOYBEAN AND LENTIL CULTIVARS AND IMPACT OF BEFORE-SOWING SEED TREATMENT ON DROUGHT RESISTANCE." In 11-я Всероссийская конференция молодых учёных и специалистов «Актуальные вопросы биологии, селекции, технологии возделывания и переработки сельскохозяйственных культур». V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25230/conf11-2021-200-205.
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We estimated the relative drought resistance of different soybean and lentil cultivars and studied impact of before-sowing seed treatment with amino-acid biostimulator on osmotic resistance of plants at the initial stage of ontogenesis. Resistance was determined in solutions with high osmotic potential (water solution of osmotically active agent – mannite of seven atmospheres). We analyzed four soybean and three lentil cultivars. We revealed cultivars having high level of a relative osmotic resistance at the initial stage of plants ontogenesis. As a result of a complex estimation we stated the usage of the biostimulator Biosteam Start positively influenced on soybean seedlings and caused increasing of seeds resistance in drought stress conditions that is very important for the further growth and development of cultural plants.