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1
Černá, Veronika. "Reforma Rady bezpečnosti OSN." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-607.
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Práca sa zaoberá rôznymi návrhmi reforiem Rady bezpečnosti OSN. Analyzuje najmä návrh Panelu na vysokej úrovni a návrh profesora Schwartzberga váženým hlasovaním. Konkrétnou adaptáciou v realite ISCOMUN zisťuje klady a zápory navrhovaných reforiem a jej schopnosť fungovať v reálnej Rade bezpečnosti
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Křesinová, Dominika. "Reforma Rady bezpečnosti OSN." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-206426.
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The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945. It is obvious that the status quo from that year cannot reflect the needs of present world. Because of this fact it is necessary to approach a reform. But the question is what the reform should deal with. There are plenty of reforming efforts in discussion. These proposals do not take into consideration only the reform of the Security Council but also other bodies within United Nations. In my thesis I will focus only on reforming the Security Council as a main body of the whole organization that should be able to react on security threats flexibly. The feasibility of UN reform depends on the agreement of the permanent members that can due to their veto right block any of the proposals. And for the time being, they use their privilege to do so because they are afraid of limitations of their rights and position. We cannot come up only with a clear proposal how to reform but also it is necessary to focus on the proper arguments why the permanent members should agree with the reform. The main target of the following master thesis is to find out whether the reform is feasible based on accessible information with respect to hindrances and positions of permanent members that are currently more passive than active.
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Motlová, Barbora. "OSN a problematika mezinárodního toku informací." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85185.
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The aim of this thesis is to determine whether promoting the free flow of information at the international level through the UN is effective as a solution to global communication inequalities. The first part of the thesis follows the development of global communication system and the importance of information at international level. The second part deals with the activities of the UN in this area. Conclusion summarizes the individual chapters. The analysis leads to the conclusion that promoting the free flow of information has no effect under the current conditions on the reduction of inequalities in the global communication system.
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Tamchynová, Kristýna. "Role OSN v Iráku 2002-2014." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-191949.
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The thesis focuses on the activities of the United Nations in Iraq. The thesis as such aims to analyse efficiency of the UN efforts in Iraq, with emphasis on the period after the war in 2003. The framework of the analysis is the concept of peace-building and its phases. In the first part, the thesis defines the term peace-building and its phases. In the second part the function of the UN in the country is analysed based on, among others, the project reports of the multilateral funds created to reconstruct Iraq. The third part focuses on the empirical research and it gives the theoretical knowledge into contrast with the opinions of the Iraqis themselves obtained through an inquiry.
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Pejchal, Vladislav. "Úloha OSN při řešení syrského problému." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-197887.
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This thesis deals with the Syrian conflict. The Syrian conflict has continued for over three years (April 2014) and still constitutes a topical and developing affair. It represents a pressing and unresolved national and international issue. There is a vast amount of groups with different ideas involved in this conflict. During the conflict, conventional, as well as chemical weapons were used. The consequences of the fighting are mostly faced by local inhabitants who have been severely suffering due to the harsh living and humanitarian conditions. The aim of this thesis is to depict the problems of the Syrian conflict, evaluate the role the UN has had up to the present, and answer the question whether the UN has totally failed in solving the Syrian conflict, or not.
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Gandalovičová, Linda. "Čínská ekonomika pohledem rozvojových projektů OSN." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-203786.
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The year 2015 is a big milestone in the history of United Nations development projects. The Millennium Development Goals, which were agreed on by United Nations member states in 2000, are followed by the Sustainable Development Goals. This thesis, using development projects of the United Nations and more specifically the indicator of extreme poverty, analyses the Chinese economy and discusses it´s persistent negative factors affecting progress towards sustainable development. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first part focuses on the historical background of the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals. The second chapter then in particular studies extreme poverty, which is the fundamental component of the first target of the Millennium Development Goals. The third chapter provides an analysis of four thematic areas of the Chinese economy, which negatively affect economic development and which should become a government priority when speaking of further reduction of extreme poverty. The last part builds on the previous findings and presents specific sub-areas of the Sustainable Development Goals that address the defined problematics.
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Kautský, Jiří. "Role generálních tajemníků OSN v mezinárodních vztazích." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-2579.
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Diplomová práce pojednává o významu generálních tajemníků v mezinárodních vztazích. Zaměřuje se na zkoumání dosavadních tajemníků a hodnotí jejich výkon. Cílem práce je identifikovat kritické faktory úspěšného výkonu funkce generálního tajemníka, přičemž hlavní důraz je kladen na individuální předpoklady jednotlivých tajemníků.
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Jakabová, Maja. "Sankčné zoznamy Rady Bezpečnosti OSN: de-listing." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-17826.
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Targeted sanctions serve as a coercive tool to change behavior, or as a precautionary measure to prevent violations of international peace and security, as is the case of targeted sanctions against individuals and entities associated with terrorist acts. Targeted sanctions have become an important and frequently used tool in the global efforts of the UN in combating terrorism. The introduction of targeted sanctions, however, brought new questions associated with the status and rights of individuals in the regime of sanctions. Security Council imposing targeted sanctions significantly affects an individual's life, but does not provide an effective mechanism or means for its protection and thus violate his fundamental rights. In my work I analyze the implications arising for the persons and entities if they are wrongly listed, and what are their options for redress solicitation. The work is thus to analyze the current practice of United Nations sanctions regimes in the process of sanction lists, focusing on the human rights of listed individuals at the United Nations Security Council sanction list.
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Knížová, Jana. "Úloha OSN pri riešení izraelsko-palestínskeho konfliktu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-18063.
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The aim of this diploma thesis is to evaluate the role of the United Nations Organization in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It describes the positions of both the State of Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization in the United Nations. The thesis furthermore assesses reactivity and objectiveness of UN in this conflict. There are no doubts that the conflict has always been in the centre of interest of the United Nations. However, the importance of UN is perceived to be decreasing since the 70's. This paper evaluates whether UN is still contributing to the resolution of the conflict and if yes, in what particular fields. In the first chapter I discuss the main conflict resolution instruments available to UN. The second chapter describes the origins and the course of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict throughout the 20th century leading to the current situation. The last three chapters present an analysis of three levels of UN activities in the conflict - political, security and humanitarian.
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Šlehoferová, Vanda. "Pozice a aktivity České republiky v OSN." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-113565.
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The theme of this work is "The position and activities of the Czech Republic in the UN." Within this theme, I focused on the UN's role in ensuring international peace and security and foreign policy of the Czech Republic in relation to this main task of the UN as an organization of collective security. I have chosen this topic, because this issue has always been, is and will be current, as to ensure the peaceful development of all countries is a major challenge for the entire international community. On this issue also meet all the discipline that deal with international relations as such. As the Theory of International Relations and International Law, trying to find solutions that would prevent the outbreak of another war. In this paper I analyze the Czech foreign policy at three levels of analysis, at the level of the international system, on state level and on level of national institutions. At the level of the international system I describe reality from the perspective of international intergovernmental organizations, in this case the United Nations, using sociological institutionalism. At the state level I will analyze the Czech foreign policy in terms of classical realism, since it is at this level of analysis still the strongest and most influential theory of international relations. At the level of national institutions I analyze the Czech foreign policy in terms of the bureaucratic model. The thesis has three main chapters, equal to the three levels of analysis. The first chapter is dedicated to two theories of international relations, namely structural realism and social institutionalism. The theories and their views on reality of world politics are important, because at this level of analysis, I am trying to define the theoretical assumptions for the UN's role as an international sovereign. The second chapter is devoted to foreign policy of the Czech Republic in relation to the UN as a system of collective security, which is the optimum solution for the maintain security of the Republic as a small state. This chapter also highlights the tradition and prestige, which enjoyed Czechoslovakia as a founding member of the UN. The third chapter analyzes the internal processes that precede the formation of Czech foreign policy. In this regard, I focus primarily on national institutions. The analysis at this level is to see how the creation of foreign policy is a complex process, which is also derived from those political parties that are just in power.
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Jarošová, Eva. "Konferencie OSN proti rasizmu a nový antisemitizmus." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-124813.
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This thesis is engaged in characteristics of new antisemitism as a new phenomenon in international relations and examining presence of its attributes in past two UN conferences against rasism. The aim of the thesis is to prove presence of new antisemitism in field of institutionalised international relations.
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Dvořáková, Lucie. "Směry a tendence úvah o reformě OSN." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-161709.
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Práce se zabývá reformním úsilím po skončení studené války. Krátce zmiňuje i předchozí reformní kroky, ale jejím hlavním cílem je zhodnocení reforem generálních tajemníků Butruse-Butruse Ghálího a Kofiho Ananna. Práce se snaží sledovat, jak tito generální tajemníci reagovali na novou situaci v souvislostech po skončení studené války, jak byli v implementaci svých reforem úspěšní a nakolik dosáhli vytyčených cílů.
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Faldynová, Lada. "Kulturní aspekty multilaterálního jednání na půdě OSN." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-206684.
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The Diploma Thesis deals with cultural aspects of multilateral international negotiations at the United Nations. The aim of the work is to describe and compare the cultural dimension of sample of cultures at the UN: Czech, Italian and Swedish culture. Thesis is divided into four chapters. First chapter is theoretical and describes the most important basis for research on cultural dimensions. Second chapter briefly presents the entire UN organization and then focuses on its headquarters in Vienna. Emphasis is placed on the third and fourth chapter. Third chapter characterizes the national cultures from the perspective of cultural dimensions of Geert Hofstede and Fons Trompenaars. Fourth chapter is purely practical. It consists of conclusions of the in-depth interviews conducted with employees of the Permanent Missions to the United Nations. The content of interviews follows the structure of cultural dimensions of Hofstede and Trompenaars and places questions into the working environment of the Permanent Missions to the UN. These findings are at the end of the work compared with the approaches defined by the third chapter.
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Frýdmanová, Tereza. "Globalizace a OSN: Sociálně ekonomické aspekty miléniových cílů." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4557.
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The content of the thesis is concentrated on the confirmation, that the poverty is the basic problem when balancing the global discrepancies. First part of the thesis is dedicated to globalization, its social economic impacts in the context of least developed countries and world poverty. The next part describes the MDG's from the point of view of poverty.
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Jarolímová, Lucie. "Přechod k demokracii v JAR a role OSN." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-194652.
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The apartheid regime represented the official state ideology in South Africa in the time period from 1948 to 1994. The diploma thesis deals with the issue of South Africa's transition to democracy, in particular, it focuses on the role which was played by the United Nations in this process. Its activities can be sorted out into three main phases. The first phase dated between the years 1948 -- 1966 can be distinguished mainly by the key role played by the General Assembly. The second phase which took place in the period 1967 -- 1989 was primarily focused on the international campaign against apartheid and on the adoption of economic sanctions. The final and the most recent phase occurred in the early 90s (1990 -- 1994) and could be characterized by the role of the UN as a mediator of peace negotiations.
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Janečka, Martin. "Role OSN v irácké krizi v období 2002 - 2007." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-114231.
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The thesis primarily aims to describe main events and a role of the United Nations in Iraq in 2002-2005. However, since broader knowledge in needed, the thesis also deals with historical events in Iraq and in the UN Security Council. Equally, it seeks to explain in a concise manner the specificities in Iraq that played or play an essential role. In the period after the American invasion in 2003 the thesis confront US expectations and plans with the reality on Iraqi soil and UN standpoints. In fact, the link through the whole thesis is the depiction of the relationship between the US and the Security Council and after the invasion also with UN Assistance mission in Iraq (UNAMI). Given the limited extent the thesis is concluded by the elections to the permanent Iraqi parliament in December 2005.
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Kim, Jeong. "Process development using organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) for oligonucleotide synthesis." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/45660.
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Following the discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) and its exquisite control of protein expression, oligonucleotide (oligos) based drugs have been considered as the next generation of therapeutics, as they can deliver the treatment at the protein expression level. Oligos are short chains of nucleotides, typically 15-28 base-pairs long, synthesized in an iterative manner by sequential addition of nucleotide monomers. As of year 2014, there are currently 3 FDA approved oligo-based drugs, and over 100 candidates are going through clinical trials. The current mainstream synthesis platform is solid-phase oligo synthesis (SPOS) which is fast and efficient, but difficult to scale-up. This thesis discusses work to develop a versatile liquid-phase oligo synthesis (LPOS) platform to manufacture oligos at large scale using emerging Organic Solvent Nanofiltration (OSN) technology. By attaching the growing oligos chain to a soluble, monodisperse, and branched polyethyleneglycol (PEG) support and operating entirely in liquid-phase, excess reagents and impurities can be filtered out using polybenzimidazole (PBI) OSN membranes. This process neatly solves cumbersome purification problems while allowing high reaction rates and a large reaction volume. With the proposed process, 5-mer and 9-mer 2’-OMe oligoribonucleotides have been successfully synthesized. The synthesis chemistry and membrane purification procedures have been modified to suit the LPOS platform. The transport of solutes through the PBI membranes has been studied in detail which revealed both size-exclusion and ion-exchange behavior. An economic analysis showed the competitiveness of the LPOS-OSN process, but also the necessity for a solvent recovery unit. Several key challenges, both expected and unexpected, have been identified, and appropriate solutions have been implemented. One of the main challenges was the low process yield, which was overcome through the use of membrane cascades. An adsorptive solvent recovery unit was also investigated to reduce the overall solvent consumption. Notably, employing a membrane reactor combined with a smaller protecting group (methoxyisopropyl ether, i.e. MIP, MW 74 Da) significantly simplified the overall process (9 to 3 unit operations per chain extension cycle). It is envisaged that the proposed LPOS platform can be used synergistically with the current SPOS platform to stimulate further growth in the field of oligo therapeutics. Furthermore, through the process development work using OSN technology, an effort was made to understand the gap between membrane science in academia and membrane technology in industry.
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Šplíchalová, Eva. "Projednávání amerických sankcí proti Kubě na půdě Valného shromáždění OSN." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-261792.
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The United States imposed the longest lasting sanction regime on Cuba in 1960 as a result of strained relations in recent years. Each US administration modified form of the sanctions regime, depending on the attitude toward the Cuban issue. General Assembly, the highest authority of the UN, adopts not legally binding but politically significant resolutions. Resolution condemning US sanctions regime has been adopted annually since 1992. Discussion on changes of the sanction regime in the General Assembly is a sign of reflection on current events and unrigid process of resolutions adoption. The main purpose is to determine whether the changes of the sanction regime were mentioned in the discussions on the adoption of the resolutions. The result of the analysis shows the reflection of the events in the speeches of ambassadors. The amount of mentioned events in speeches depends whether they were positive or negative step toward easing the embargo, and also how important the event was.
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Silva, Pedro. "Organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) modelling : from pure solvents to highly rejected solutes." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11906.
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Ferreira, Susana Cristina Dias Ramos. "Application of OSN in membrane cascade for purification of the API Amoxicillin." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10710.
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em
Engenharia Química e BioquímicaThe present work developed at Imperial College London (ICL) in collaboration with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) had the objective of purifying the API amoxicillin containing an initial concentration of 30ppm of the compound 4-hydroxy-l-phenylglycine (impurity) using an OSN membrane cascade. Project proposal: Solubility and stability studies of the API in different solvents. Solvent choice for the separation process. Dissociation study of the API and impurity to exploit a promising optimization of the process. Membrane screening using dead-end and m-CSTR upside-down measurements. Process modeling and simulation of different configurations Amoxicillin showed to be a sensitive compound to work with having a low solubility and a fast decomposition in the studied solvents. The solvents tested in detail were water, acetone, ethanol and methanol, being water the one choose to performed the purification. From the dissociation study it was possible to understand the possible exploitation of the pH parameter in the optimization of the separation process. In the membrane screening the effect of pressure and pH were studied in six types of membranes. It could be conclude that the main obstacle for the purification process was the membrane performance itself, with insufficient separation between the compounds (difference of 10 p.p. in rejection). The most promising results were obtained using the TFNF-DL membrane, with an API rejection of 99.12% and an impurity rejection of 87.80%. The process modelling was performed in a semi-batch mode with one and two stages, respectively, and in continuous mode with two-stages and two different configurations. An increase from two to three stages was also analyzed for the continuous configuration II. A maximum purity of 99.65% with a yield of 97.86% was obtained with the semi-batch two-stage cascade system. From the continuous three stage cascade system, a purity of 98.65% and a yield of 98.54% were achieved.
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Hluzáková, Barbora. "Riešenie konfliktu v Bosne a Hercegovine a Kosove (s dôrazom na OSN)." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-16112.
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This paper analyses proceeding of international community headed by United Nations by Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo conflict resolution. It examines roles of the most important international actors within particular conflict resolution phases that are represented by policy lines defined by Boutros Boutros-Ghali and used by UN. It verifies statement that international community has participated by conflict resolution in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in Kosovo in every phase and has used instruments of all policy lines. The first chapter defines single policy lines that international community has at its disposal when conflict resolving. Reasons and course of conflicts are outlined within the second chapter. The third and fourth chapter analyse in particular subchapters international community activities in relation to preventive diplomacy, peacemaking, peacekeeping and peacebuilding in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in Kosovo.
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Boudová, Eliška. "Vliv genderové rovnosti na mezinárodní bezpečnost (případová studie sankční režim OSN proti Iráku)." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-203776.
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This diploma thesis explores the topic of gender equality and places it into context of international relations and international security. The aim of the diploma thesis is to evaluate potential impacts of higher representation of women in decision-making on international security, with particular attention being given to the specific security situation of women. The diploma thesis treats the theoretical framework of feminist discourse in international relations and international security, with the last chapter presenting a case study of the sanction regime imposed against Iraq by the UN Security Council following the Gulf War.
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Lim, Fui Wen. "Towards production of second generation P84 OSN membranes and modules for pharmaceutical applications." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/6363.
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This thesis describes the developments that led to the first polymeric OSN membrane and modules for applications in harsh solvent environments (e.g. DMF and THF), commonly used in the pharmaceutical industries. The chemical crosslinking of integrally skinned asymmetric P84 membranes has been shown to significantly enhance the chemical stability of the membrane thus allowing stable performance in these solvents that solubilise P84. The main issues relating to the production of the membrane and membrane modules addressed in this thesis are: (i) The impact of drying on membrane performance It was concluded that air-drying of water- and solvent-wetted membranes is not desirable for maintaining functional performance and that they must be impregnated with a preserving agent to maintain their properties (chapter 3). (ii) Development of highly solvent resistant adhesive systems for spiral wound module It was found that the key parameters influencing solvent stability are the available free volume in the epoxy adhesive and the functional groups present in the final adhesive network (chapter 4). (iii) Optimising the adhesive curing conditions for P84 OSN membrane modules A compromise need to be made in the curing conditions to achieve a highly solvent resistant adhesive whilst maintaining the membrane's performance, and a novel curing technique is also invented (chapter 5). Finally, chapter 6 describes how these solvent resistant P84 modules prepared using the knowledge gained from previous chapters can be applied to classic purification processes in the pharmaceutical industries. Overall, this thesis demonstrates a significant step forward in the knowledge and understanding of the formation and use of P84 based OSN membrane and membrane modules. This will open up more opportunities for applying this emerging separation technology in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Hanzlíčková, Lucie. "Česká zahraniční politika v oblasti lidských práv: členství v Radě pro lidská práva OSN." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-191971.
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The thesis focuses on the Czech human rights foreign policy, especialy in the period of 2011 - 2013 during the Czech membership in the United Nations Human Rights Council. The aim is to analyze Czech human rights foreign policy during the abovementioned period and to evaluate achieving goals of the policy through Human Rights Council.
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Rajtrová, Eva. "Role OSN a její efektivita při řešení mezinárodních konfliktů: Případová studie etnicko-kulturní konflikt v Kosovu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-18112.
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The thesis deals with the role of the United Nations in resolution of international ethnic conflicts. The aim of the thesis is to try to evaluate the activities of United Nations in resolution of the Kosovo ethnic -- cultural conflict. The thesis sets the problem into context of United Nations' approach to ethnic conflicts. It analyses the historical development of the Kosovo conflict and the impact of the United Nations' activities. On basis of the gathered knowledge the thesis concludes that in spite of many partial problems, the activity of United Nations in Kosovo may be considered effective.
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Krčálová, Kristýna. "Uzavírání kupní smlouvy podle Úmluvy OSN o smlouvách o mezinárodní koupi zboží v komparaci s českou právní úpravou." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-261759.
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This Master's thesis focuses on the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG), better known as the Vienna Convention. The main purpose of this thesis is to evaluate conditions for application of this international treaty and to assess the contracting process under the CISG including the similarities and differences with the Czech national legislation. Finally, it seeks an answer to the question, which of these rules (international or national) are more advantageous for a Czech contractual party with respect to concluding a contract. The thesis is divided into five parts. The first one represents an introduction to the CISG, its origin and the Czech Republic's attitude to it. The second part identifies the conditions for application of the CISG and therefore defines a subject and an object of an international contract of sale under the CISG. Both third and fourth parts gradually introduce two phases of the contracting process (offer and acceptance) including the relevant case-law. The last chapter strives to complete the contracting process with an analysis of the exact moment, when a contract is concluded, as well as with an analysis of a potential battle of the forms and its impact on a contract conclusion.
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Lachi, Olesea. "Legalita kosovského zásahu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-3584.
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Údery NATO, hned po jejich zahájení, vyvolaly velké debaty na celém světě: dilema spočívala v tom, že snaha zastavit ?etnické čistky? kosovských Albánců ze strany Bělehradu měla tak nejistý právní základ: zásah NATO v Kosovu totiž neměl mandát Rady bezpečnosti OSN. Zákaz použití síly je jus cogens v mezinárodním právu a výjimky které vyjmenovává Charta OSN zásah neospravedlňují. Přesto, mezinárodní společnost považuje zásah legitimním. Ve své práce bych se chtěla zaměřit právě na otázku legality kosovského zásahu NATO, částečně i legitimity, nebo nakolik se dá vykompenzovat ?neúplnou? nebo ?nedostatečnou? legalitu právní legitimitou.
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Pizinger, Martin. "Mezinárodní souvislosti operace Irácká svoboda 2003." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4433.
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Práce se zabývá analýzou vojenského zásahu spojeneckých sil v Iráku v roce 2003 z hlediska legality dle mezinárodního práva veřejného a ze hlediska legitimity. Zároveň porovnává tento zásah s válkou v Perském zálivu v roce 1991 a zabývá se i vlivem amerického neokonzervatismu na zahájení vojenských operací.
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Alim, Sophia. "Vulnerability in online social network profiles : a framework for measuring consequences of information disclosure in online social networks." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5507.
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The increase in online social network (OSN) usage has led to personal details known as attributes being readily displayed in OSN profiles. This can lead to the profile owners being vulnerable to privacy and social engineering attacks which include identity theft, stalking and re identification by linking. Due to a need to address privacy in OSNs, this thesis presents a framework to quantify the vulnerability of a user's OSN profile. Vulnerability is defined as the likelihood that the personal details displayed on an OSN profile will spread due to the actions of the profile owner and their friends in regards to information disclosure. The vulnerability measure consists of three components. The individual vulnerability is calculated by allocating weights to profile attribute values disclosed and neighbourhood features which may contribute towards the personal vulnerability of the profile user. The relative vulnerability is the collective vulnerability of the profiles' friends. The absolute vulnerability is the overall profile vulnerability which considers the individual and relative vulnerabilities. The first part of the framework details a data retrieval approach to extract MySpace profile data to test the vulnerability algorithm using real cases. The profile structure presented significant extraction problems because of the dynamic nature of the OSN. Issues of the usability of a standard dataset including ethical concerns are discussed. Application of the vulnerability measure on extracted data emphasised how so called 'private profiles' are not immune to vulnerability issues. This is because some profile details can still be displayed on private profiles. The second part of the framework presents the normalisation of the measure, in the context of a formal approach which includes the development of axioms and validation of the measure but with a larger dataset of profiles. The axioms highlight that changes in the presented list of profile attributes, and the attributes' weights in making the profile vulnerable, affect the individual vulnerability of a profile. iii Validation of the measure showed that vulnerability involving OSN profiles does occur and this provides a good basis for other researchers to build on the measure further. The novelty of this vulnerability measure is that it takes into account not just the attributes presented on each individual profile but features of the profiles' neighbourhood.
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Bernardini, César. "Stratégies de Cache basées sur la popularité pour Content Centric Networking." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0121/document.
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Content Centric Networking (CCN) est une architecture pour l'Internet du futur. CCN inclut des fonctionnalités de cache dans tous les noeuds du réseau. Son efficacité dépend largement de la performance de ses stratégies de cache. C'est pour cela que plusieurs études proposent des nouvelles stratégies de cache pour améliorer la performance d'un réseau CCN. Cependant parmi toutes ces stratégies, ce n'est pas évident de décider laquelle fonctionne le mieux. Il manque un environnement commun pour comparer ces stratégies. De plus, il n'est pas certain que ces approches soient les meilleures alternatives pour améliorer la performance du réseau. Dans cette thèse, on vise le problème de choisir les meilleures stratégies de caches pour CCN et les contributions sont les suivantes. On construit un environnement commun d'évaluation dans lequel on compare via simulation les stratégies de caches disponibles: Leave Copy Everywhere (LCE), Leave Copy Down (LCD), ProbCache, Cache "Less For More" et MAGIC. On analyse la performance de toutes ces stratégies et on décide la meilleure stratègie de cache pour chaque scénario. Ensuite, on propose deux stratégies de cache basées sur la popularité pour CCN. On commence avec un étude de la popularité de contenu et on présent la stratégie Most Popular Caching (MPC). MPC privilèges la distribution de contenu populaire dans les caches afin d'ameliorer les autres stratégies de cache. Dans une deuxième étape, on présent une stratègie de cache basé dans l'information des réseaux sociaux: Socially-Aware Caching Strategy (SACS). SACS privilèges la distribution de contenu publié par les utilisateurs les plus importantesContent Centric Networking (CCN) is a new architecture for a future Internet. CCN includes in-network caching capabilities at every node. Its effciency depends drastically on performances of caching strategies. A lot of studies proposing new caching strategies to improve the performances of CCN. However, among all these strategies, it is still unclear which one performs better as there is a lack of common environment to compare these strategies. In this thesis, we address the challenge of selecting the best caching strategies for CCN. The contribution of this thesis are the following. We build a common evaluation scenario and we compare via simulation the state of the art caching strategies: Leave Copy Everywhere (LCE), Leave Copy Down (LCD), ProbCache, Cache "Less" For More and MAGIC. We analyze the performance of all the strategies in terms of Cache Hit, Stretch, Diversity and Complexity, and determine the cache strategy that fits the best with every scenario. Later on, we propose two novel caching strategies for CCN based on popularity. First, we study popularity of content and we present Most Popular Caching (MPC) strategy. MPC privileges distribution of popular caches into the caches and thus, it overcomes other caching strategies. Second, we present an alternative caching strategy based on social networks: Socially-Aware Caching Strategy (SACS). SACS privileges distribution of content published by influential users into the network. Both caching strategies overcome state of the art mechanisms and, to the best of our knowledge, we are the first to use social information to build caching strategies
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Silva, Ana Maria Freitas da. "A simple closed-loop membrane process for the purification of active pharmaceutical ingredients." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10707.
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Matúš, Rudolf. "Cyperská otázka (aktuálne výzvy)." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-81932.
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Master's diploma thesis Cyprus dispute -- current challenges deals with the current political situation in Cyprus and bi-communal talks between divided Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot entity living on the island. Negotiations are conducted under the auspices of external actors, and under the influence of the parties interested in the conflict, and the primary responsibility has been assumed by the political representation of the Republic of Cyprus and TRNC. Thesis introduces alternatives of the conflict settlement, perspectives of the potential development of events in the unification process and their possible impacts on the Cypriot environment. It presents the most signifiant plans of the international community on the political settlement of the island and reaching the agreement in the chronological order from the end of the World War Two up to the current solutions based on the actual tendencies of development. These suggestions have been conceived on the basis of the international political context and intra-political situation in Cyprus in the time period of anti-colonial struggle leading to the establishment of the Republic of Cyprus, Constitution collapse, outbreak of violence, Turkish invasion, declaration of independence of the Turkish Republic of the Northern Cyprus, accession of the Republic of Cyprus to the EU up to the presence.
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Čížek, Ondřej. "Konflikt a genocida ve Rwandě (případová studie neúspěchu preventivní diplomacie)." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-165345.
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The thesis is analyzing the approach of three states - France, USA and Czech republic - towards the conflict in Rwanda, which afterwards became the most horrifying genocide in modern era. Further more the thesis analyzes, how the approaches influenced the negotiations and decisions in the UN Security Council. The conclusion then evaluates the whole analysis and formulates an alternate solution to the conflict.
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Gomes, Carlos André Mendonça. "Study of multi-component systems in polybenzimidazole membrane formation and their impact on membrane performance." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10651.
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em
Engenharia Química e BioquímicaIntegrally skinned asymmetric polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes suitable for organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) were prepared via phase inversion and several changes were implemented in the dope solutions in order to control their molecular weight cut-off (MWCO). Initially, uncrosslinked membranes with different polymer concentrations were tested to investigate their impact on membrane performance. On a second approach, several co-solvents were added in the dope solutions of PBI membranes. Coupling this methodology with chemical crosslinking, using an aromatic bi-functional crosslinker, provided solvent stable membranes with several MWCOs in the nanofiltration range and high permeance. Further variation of membrane dope parameters was tested in order to study membrane formation impact on membrane performance. Total solubility parameters of the chosen co-solvents were calculated, and a correlation between this tool and membrane performance was studied. Even though it was not possible to withdraw conclusions on a fundamental level, from the correlation of the total solubility parameters with membrane performance, this work demonstrates the possibility of developing PBI OSN membranes using different co-solvents and opens up future possibilities for controlling the MWCO of these membranes. A post-treatment study was also conducted in order to examine its impact in membrane performance.
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Juan, Jordán Hugo. "MODELO DE RELACIÓN ENTRE REDES SOCIALES ONLINE, ESTILOS DE LIDERAZGO Y CAPACIDAD DE APRENDIZAJE ORGANZATIVO EN EMPRESAS DEL SECTOR TURÍSTICO." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/121146.
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[ES] Este estudio plantea la relación y el posible efecto cruzado de las redes sociales online, los estilos de liderazgo y la capacidad de aprendizaje organizativo en las empresas turísticas, que forman parte de un sector clave para la economía española. La revisión de la literatura describe cómo el uso de las redes sociales online permite a las empresas dialogar con sus clientes, pero también facilita a los empleados participar en la gestión del conocimiento conversacional y colaborativo, modelos que por su parte enriquecen sus procesos cognitivos y creativos. Los resultados muestran la importancia de que el líder incorpore no sólo las herramientas sino la filosofía de las redes sociales dentro de la cultura de su empresa como herramienta de comunicación, colaboración y gestión del conocimiento para los miembros de su empresa, para él mismo y para el nuevo consumidor: el turista 3.0, un usuario digital activo que se ha convertido en productor de contenidos y de tendencias, al compartir sus impresiones de viaje y sus recomendaciones sobre empresas, productos y servicios.[CAT] Aquest estudi planteja la relació i el possible efecte creuat de les xarxes socials en línia, els estils de lideratge i la capacitat d'aprenentatge organitzatiu en les empreses turístiques, que formen part d'un sector clau per a l'economia espanyola. La revisió de la literatura descriu com l'ús de les xarxes socials en línia permet a les empreses dialogar amb els seus clients, però també facilita als empleats participar en la gestió del coneixement conversacional i col·laboratiu, models que per la seua banda enriqueixen els seus processos cognitius i creatius. Els resultats mostren la importància que el líder incorpori no només les eines sinó la filosofia de les xarxes socials dins de la cultura de la seua empresa com a eina de comunicació, col·laboració i gestió del coneixement per als membres de la seva empresa, per a ell mateix i per el nou consumidor: el turista 3.0, un usuari digital actiu que s'ha convertit en productor de continguts i de tendències, en compartir les seues impressions de viatge i les seues recomanacions sobre empreses, productes i serveis.
[EN] This study raises the relationship and the possible cross effect of online social networks, leadership styles and organizational learning capacity in tourism companies, which are part of a key sector for the Spanish economy. The review of the literature describes how the use of online social networks allows companies to dialogue with their clients, but also facilitates employees to participate in their knowledge management in a conversational and collaborative way, models that in turn enrich their cognitive and creative processes. The results show the importance of the leader incorporating not only the tools, but also the philosophy of the social networks within the culture of his company as a tool of communication, collaboration and knowledge management for the members of his company, for himself and for the new consumer: the tourist 3.0, an active digital user who has become a producer of content and trends, by sharing his impressions of travel and his recommendations on companies, products and services.
Juan Jordán, H. (2019). MODELO DE RELACIÓN ENTRE REDES SOCIALES ONLINE, ESTILOS DE LIDERAZGO Y CAPACIDAD DE APRENDIZAJE ORGANZATIVO EN EMPRESAS DEL SECTOR TURÍSTICO [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/121146
TESIS
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Bejček, Jiří. "Humanitární intervence OSN." Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-273950.
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Vneková, Monika. "Právní povaha a výzkum rezolucí Rady bezpečnosti OSN podle kapitoly VII Charty OSN." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-329350.
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The United Nations Security Council is primarily responsible for maintenance of international peace and security according to the Charter of the United Nations. To achieve this goal, it is authorized to adopt resolutions binding on member states under Chapter VII of the Charter. Considering the character of situations to which the Security council responds through its Chapter VII resolutions, this legal instrument often stirs emotions among the general public. But what does the law itself say about the Chapter VII resolutions? What is their legal nature and value in the field of public international law? This thesis provides an analysis of the Chapter VII resolutions, offers a definition of a Chapter VII resolution and analyzes some specific resolutions by which the Security Council acted more as a quasi-judicial or a quasi-legislative body. Through analysis of content limits of the Security Council powers, the thesis endeavors to confirm that binding nature of the Chapter VII resolutions as well as an obligation of member states to give effect to those resolutions do have its boundaries; and despite the special role of the Security Council in the field of public international law, its Chapter VII resolutions cannot have unlimited content. First of all, the resolutions cannot be in conflict with...
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Vymětal, Václav. "Výkonnost OSN a odpovědnost chránit." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-348471.
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Diploma thesis "United Nations Performance and Responsibility to Protect" applies the research framework of the performance of international organizations on the cases of two humanitarian crises with the involvement of the United Nations in connection to the "Responsibility to Protect" norm. The cases examined, are the intervention in Libya (2011) and the crisis in the Sudanese province of Darfur (2003). The thesis uses the comparative method and evaluates the occurrence and measure of the sources of performance, which it defines in its theoretical framework. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Minárová, Martina. "Kupování hlasů ve Valném shromáždění OSN." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-357322.
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This master thesis deals with vote-buying in the United Nations General Assembly. The analysis focuses on the General Assembly voting outcomes and the degree of voting coincidence of the UN member states with the USA. The thesis assumes that the General Assembly voting outcomes do not reflect the real interests of all member states, but they are influenced by the US preferences. The goal of the thesis is to examine the relationship between the states' voting coincidence with the USA and the side payments provided by the USA. The thesis applies a multiple regression analysis focusing on the General Assembly resolutions adopted by majority voting in the time period 1990-2014. The analysis includes financial and non-financial side payments. It aims to reveal the presence of US vote-buying behaviour and to identify the type of side payments provided by the USA.
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Čermáková, Lucie. "Úřad vysokého komisaře OSN pro uprchlíky." Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-274676.
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The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees This thesis concerns on the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and its role in the area of international humanitarian relief. The problem of forced displacement is not new, and neither are international efforts to alleviate the suffering of uprooted people. The purpose of my thesis is to analyse the influence of changes within international refugee law on the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner. I would like to find if is the UNHCR useful and efficient in the course of protecting the refugees and seeking permanent solutions for them. Another question of this thesis is associated with the role of states. Are they providing effective aid or on the other side are they building the barriers to UNHCR or other humanitarian agencies? The thesis is composed of seven chapters, each of them dealing with concrete issue of functioning of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Chapter One is introductory and describes an overview of the historical content of UNHCR. It evaluates UNHCR's predecessors and their attempts to solve the refugee problems. Chapter Two is attending to foundation, organization and financing of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. The...
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BREINDL, Filip. "Lidská práva ve vztahu Vatikánu a OSN." Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-49621.
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This dissertation deals with a Catholic churches sight of nomenclature and exercise of the human rights, namely in comparison with the activity of the worldcommunity couched in the United Nations. The dissertation shows development of church attitude towards definition and nomenclature of the human rigths from the world authority, and presents answers of Catholic doctrine to current problems in this area - for example disunited definitions, difficult exactablement and other. Thesis of this dissertation should to show, that the Christianity fundamentally contributed to currently formulation of the human rights, which is holded for example in UN-documents. Also at the present time can the Catholic church enter very expertly in this discusion, videlicet thank to hundreds of years old teaching about imago Dei, common good, heritage of the 2nd Vatican council and others documents from 20th and beginning of 21st century or ivolvement of the Holy See in the United Nations or other places from world diplomacy.
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Bruner, Tomáš. ""Potápějící se ostrovy" a Rada bezpečnosti OSN." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-404565.
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Certain Small Island Developing States (hereinafter the "SIDS") such as Kiribati or Tuvalu are often incorrectly called "sinking islands" because their highest points are located just a few meters above the sea level. Sea level rise may turn their territories to uninhabitable land gradually disappearing beneath the tide. Worsening of the environmental conditions causes internal displacement, migration and other problems. SIDS repeatedly brought their plight to the United Nations Security Council (the "UNSC") during its meetings in 2007, 2011, 2015, 2018 and 2019. They demanded that the UNSC should deal with their situation as a potential security issue and safeguard more equal distribution of environmental security risks and costs. During the UNSC negotiations, various states attempted to interpret and re-interpreted the UNSC mandate in order to suit their interests. The representatives of SIDS suggested that the UNSC should be a body based on the principles of distributive justice decision-making and thus safeguard fairer sharing of threats and burdens, including those of environmental character. The rapidly developing states strongly opposed; they implicitly claimed that the UNSC should be based rather on the principles of commutative justice, i.e. decide in strictly given situations of violations of...
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Šulcová, Jana. "Venezuela a lidská práva v diskurzu OSN." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-415096.
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The worsening humanitarian situation in Venezuela, rising migration flows and political crisis escalating in the beginning of 2019 was reflected in the increased attention to human rights issues in Venezuela. The aim of this thesis is to outline through discourse analysis the discourse of top UN officials on human rights situation in Venezuela. The introductory part of this thesis clarifies the theoretical and methodological background for the analysis and introduces the topic of human rights in the context of social constructivism and the UN human rights system. The second part of the thesis includes the discourse analysis, which focuses on the character of the discourse of top UN officials on the human rights situation in Venezuela and the development of this discourse between 2017 and 2019, as well as differences among the discourses of the UN Secretary General António Guterres, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Michelle Bachelet and her predecessor, Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein. The discourse analysis is based on James Paul Gee's method, consisting of seven building tasks of language. These building tasks include significance, practices, identities, relationships, politics, connections and sign systems and knowledge. The primary materials for the analysis consist of three OHCHR reports from 2017-...
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Vlasáková, Kateřina. "Úspěšnost dokončených peacekeepingových misí OSN v Africe." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-448074.
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The diploma thesis deals with the effectiveness of the completed UN peacekeeping missions in Africa from the year 2000. Firstly, a development of peacekeeping is summarized. The next part -the theoretical part- is focused on a definition of effectiveness criterion (a dependent variable), chosen independent variable and there is analysed literature which the female author used. There is explained chosen criterion for the researched peacekeeping operation - UNMEE, MINUCI, UNOCI, UNMIL and ONUB question is focused on the dependent variable - the effectiveness of the peacekeeping missions. The second research question deals withs the group od the dependent variables (Factors of effectiveness).
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Dvořáková, Lucie. "Východní Timor - role OSN na cestě k nezávislosti." Master's thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-293555.
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Diploma thesis "East Timor - The Role of the United Nations on its Way to Independence" evaluates the way of the East Timor towards independence with the involvement of the UN. Following an overview of the historical context, the thesis analyses the situation in the second half of the 20th century, focusing on the UN 's performance during Indonesia occupation and then on the popular consultation and following peace operations. Thesis tries to identify the factors that enabled the occupation lasted so long and discusses lessons to be learned from the recent peace operations. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Kaya, Onur. "Role OSN v mediaci zatvrzelých konfliktů: případ Kypru." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-365104.
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This thesis investigates United Nations role in mediation of intractable conflicts through the case of Cyprus. Intractable conflicts are identified as complex, long- standing and resistant to conflict resolution. We examine the complexity of intractable conflicts regarding its persistence, deep-rooted fear, the existence of historical grievances, political and social asymmetries, and lack of communication between conflict parties. Mediation is a conflict resolution method which is a third-party intervention and aims to encourage conflict parties to produce a permanent solution to the conflict. The case of Cyprus is an obvious example to understand and analyze the UN mediation as a conflict management policy in intractable conflicts. The UN, Greek and Turkish Cypriot communities have tried to find a permanent settlement over 50 years. Despite all efforts, the conflict remains unresolved. Although the UN mediation has managed to prevent further escalation and violence in Cyprus, it has limits to encourage parties to produce a permanent solution. This thesis empirically analyzes the historical development of the UN engagement in Cyprus and examines its role in the mediation of intractable conflicts through the UN-sponsored inter- communal talks in Cyprus. Keywords: Intractable conflict, conflict...
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Mihai, Vlad. "Role Rady bezpečnosti OSN před Mezinárodním trestním soudem." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-387349.
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The relationship betweeen the International Criminal Court and the United Nations Security Council holds important value because, as a people, we are striving for a change towards a universal justice system, rather than a nationalistic conflictual one. To assess the progress, a closer look is necessary at the issue at hand. If the ICC does not have a nation to support it, in order to serve as a deterrent, it does need a powerful organization behind it: the UNSC, or the interplay between the SC, ICC and the "executive body" of the international community. However, their relationship is convoluted in controversy, since it is believed to serve as a tool for the major powers when they see fit, thus deligitimizing its credibility as an overarching judicial organization meant to resolve inter-state conflicts, and punish those who commit the most heinous crimes, regardless of their nationality. The findings of this research will show that more factors weigh in, and, even though the UNSC does hold a tight grip and has the power to influence the proceedings before the ICC, there is a clear positive trajectory for the International Criminal Justice System; the author of the research believes it will only get better. Keywords International Criminal Court; UNSC; Rome Statute; International Criminal Law Range...
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Králová, Jana. "Vztah Rady bezpečnosti OSN a Mezinárodního trestního soudu." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-277119.
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Palánová, Adriana. "Koncepce OSN na udržení světového míru a bezpečnosti." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-278308.
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Holá, Barbora. "Vztah Rady bezpečnosti OSN a Mezinárodního trestního soudu." Master's thesis, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-295752.
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