Academic literature on the topic 'OSNAP MOC'

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Journal articles on the topic "OSNAP MOC"

1

Lozier, M. S., F. Li, S. Bacon, et al. "A sea change in our view of overturning in the subpolar North Atlantic." Science 363, no. 6426 (2019): 516–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aau6592.

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To provide an observational basis for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projections of a slowing Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) in the 21st century, the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) observing system was launched in the summer of 2014. The first 21-month record reveals a highly variable overturning circulation responsible for the majority of the heat and freshwater transport across the OSNAP line. In a departure from the prevailing view that changes in deep water formation in the Labrador Sea dominate MOC variability, these results suggest that the conversion of warm, salty, shallow Atlantic waters into colder, fresher, deep waters that move southward in the Irminger and Iceland basins is largely responsible for overturning and its variability in the subpolar basin.
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2

Tooth, Oliver John, Helen Louise Johnson, Chris Wilson, and Dafydd Gwyn Evans. "Seasonal overturning variability in the eastern North Atlantic subpolar gyre: a Lagrangian perspective." Ocean Science 19, no. 3 (2023): 769–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-19-769-2023.

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Abstract. Both observations and ocean reanalyses show a pronounced seasonality in the strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) within the eastern North Atlantic subpolar gyre (eSPG). However, attributing this overturning seasonality to seasonal dense water formation remains challenging owing to the wide distribution of recirculation timescales within the Iceland and Irminger basins. Here, we investigate the nature of seasonal overturning variability using Lagrangian water parcel trajectories initialised across the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) East section within an eddy-permitting ocean sea ice hindcast. By adopting a Lagrangian perspective, we show that the seasonal minimum of the Eulerian overturning at OSNAP East in autumn results from a combination of enhanced stratification and increased southward transport within the upper East Greenland Current. This convergence of southward transport within the MOC upper limb is explained by decreasing water parcel recirculation times in the upper Irminger Sea, consistent with a gyre-scale response to seasonal wind forcing. To account for the diversity of recirculation times within the eSPG, we also quantify the Lagrangian overturning (LMOC) as the total dense water formation along water parcel trajectories. The majority of water parcels, sourced from the central and southern branches of the North Atlantic Current, fail to return to OSNAP East prior to experiencing wintertime diapycnal transformation into the lower limb, and thus they determine the mean strength of the LMOC within the eSPG (8.9 ± 2.2 Sv). The strong seasonality of the LMOC is explained by a small collection of upper-limb water parcels, circulating rapidly (≤ 8.5 months) in the upper Irminger and central Iceland basins, whose along-stream transformation is determined by their month of arrival at OSNAP East.
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3

Mackay, Neill, Chris Wilson, N. Penny Holliday, and Jan D. Zika. "The Observation-Based Application of a Regional Thermohaline Inverse Method to Diagnose the Formation and Transformation of Water Masses North of the OSNAP Array from 2013 to 2015." Journal of Physical Oceanography 50, no. 6 (2020): 1533–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-19-0188.1.

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AbstractThe strength of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) in the North Atlantic is dependent upon the formation of dense waters that occurs at high northern latitudes. Wintertime deep convection in the Labrador and Irminger Seas forms the intermediate water mass known as Labrador Sea Water (LSW). Changes in the rate of formation and subsequent export of LSW are thought to play a role in MOC variability, but formation rates are uncertain and the link between formation and export is complex. We present the first observation-based application of a recently developed regional thermohaline inverse method (RTHIM) to a region encompassing the Arctic and part of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre for the years 2013, 2014, and 2015. RTHIM is a novel method that can diagnose the formation and export rates of water masses such as the LSW identified by their temperature and salinity, apportioning the formation rates into contributions from surface fluxes and interior mixing. We find LSW formation rates of up to 12 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) during 2014–15, a period of strong wintertime convection, and around half that value during 2013 when convection was weak. We also show that the newly convected water is not exported directly, but instead is mixed isopycnally with warm, salty waters that have been advected into the region, before the products are then exported. RTHIM solutions for 2015 volume, heat, and freshwater transports are compared with observations from a mooring array deployed for the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) and show good agreement, lending validity to our results.
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4

Vendramin, Roberto, Hongchang Fu, Yue Zhao, et al. "Abstract 6737: Pharmacologic modulation of nonsense-mediated decay induces anti-tumor immunogenicity in ex vivo patient tumors." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (2024): 6737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-6737.

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Abstract Introduction: Immunogenic neoantigens derived from somatic tumor mutations are essential to initiate and sustain robust anti-tumor immune responses. Frameshift insertion/deletions (fs-indels) are a key source of immunogenic neoantigens. However, fs-indels often result in the introduction of premature termination codons (PTCs), leading to mRNA degradation by the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway. In human malignancies, NMD activity is increased in response to the heightened burden of somatic fs-indel mutations and effectively prevents the generation of highly immunogenic tumor-specific neoantigens, thereby promoting immune evasion. Approach: Here, we pharmacologically targeted SMG1, a core component of the NMD pathway, for the first time in patient tumor and normal samples as well as in a panel of human cancer cell lines and patient-derived organoids, to prevent the degradation of highly immunogenic frame-shifted transcripts. We analyzed the changes in transcriptome, proteome and immunopeptidome following SMG1 inhibition (SMG1i). We then made use of tumor-T cell co-cultures and Patient-Derived Tumor Fragments (PDTFs) to assess the effects of SMG1i on anti-tumor immunogenicity. Ex vivo immunological responses were measured by high-dimensional flow cytometry, cytometric bead array and single cell RNA and TCR sequencing. Results: Our data demonstrates a significant increase in T cell activation, expansion of tumor-reactive intratumoural CD8+ lymphocytes and cytokine secretion following SMG1 inhibition in ex vivo PTDFs (n=15) but not in matched normal-adjacent tissue (n=10). Mechanistically, SMG1 inhibition increased the abundance of frame-shifted mRNA transcripts, and aberrant HLA-presented peptides. Co-culture of tumor cells and patient-derived organoids with CD8+ T cells upon SMG1 inhibition induced potent MHC class I antigen-dependent T cell activation and tumor cell killing. Conclusion: Our findings, in a clinically relevant platform, highlight SMG1 inhibition as a novel cancer immunotherapy approach to promote neoantigen production and to induce anti-tumor immunogenicity irrespective of the tumor type or TMB status. Citation Format: Roberto Vendramin, Hongchang Fu, Yue Zhao, Shanila Fernandez-Patel, Danwen Qian, Lorena Ligammari, Gordon Beattie, Ronen Levy, Polina Greenberg, Osnat Bartok, Krupa Thakkar, Jun Murai, Despoina Karagianni, Chris Sng, Mansi Shah, Felipe Galvez-Cancino, Krijn Djikstra, Sergio Quezada, Yardena Samuels, TRACERx consortium, James Reading, Charles Swanton, Kevin Litchfield. Pharmacologic modulation of nonsense-mediated decay induces anti-tumor immunogenicity in ex vivo patient tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 6737.
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5

Roussenov, Vassil M., Richard G. Williams, M. Susan Lozier, N. Penny Holliday, and Doug Smith. "Historical reconstruction of subpolar North Atlantic overturning and its relationship to density." JGR-Oceans, May 6, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6524716.

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Supporting Data: OSNAP_model.tar.gz, NetCDF format, file information: Annual-mean temperature and salinity data from the Met Office statistical ocean reanalysis used in the model reconstruction: Tp_meto_60-20.nc      Annual mean ocean potential temperature 1960 to 2020 S_meto_60-20.nc        Annual mean ocean salinity 1960 to 2020 Time series of model overturning (MOC) along OSNAP line, OSNAP west and OSNAP east sections: MOC_OSNAP.nc, MOC_West.nc, MOC_East.nc                              MOC following OSNAP protocol, maximum MOC in density space MOC_OSNAP_27.7.nc, MOC_West_27.7.nc, MOC_East_27.7.nc   MOC at constant density level 27.7 The model code of MITGCM, used in this study, can be downloaded from: https://mitgcm.org/source-code/ Model forcing: ECMWF Monthly mean wind stress downloaded from: https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ecmwf-e40 ERA40, 1960 to 1978 https://data.ceda.ac.uk/badc/ecmwf-era-interim ERA-Interim from 1979
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6

Lozier, S., F. Li, S. Bacon, et al. "A sea change in our view of overturning in the subpolar North Atlantic." February 1, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau6592.

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Abstract:
To provide an observational basis for IPCC projections of a slowing Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) in the 21<sup>st</sup> century, the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) observing system was launched in the summer of 2014. The first 21-month record reveals a highly variable overturning circulation responsible for the majority of the heat and freshwater transport across the OSNAP line. In a departure from the prevailing view that changes in deep water formation in the Labrador Sea dominate MOC variability, these results suggest that the conversion of warm, salty, shallow Atlantic waters into colder, fresher, deep waters that move southward in the Irminger and Iceland basins, is largely responsible for overturning and its variability in the subpolar basin.
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7

Fu, Yao, M. Susan Lozier, Sudip Majumder, and Tillys Petit. "Water Mass Transformation and Its Relationship With the Overturning Circulation in the Eastern Subpolar North Atlantic." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 129, no. 12 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jc021222.

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AbstractA recent study using the first 21 months of the OSNAP time series revealed that the export of dense waters in the eastern subpolar North Atlantic―as part of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC)―can be almost wholly attributed to surface‐forced water mass transformation (SFWMT) in the Irminger and Iceland basins, thus suggesting a minor role for other means of transformation, such as diapycnal mixing. To understand whether this result is valid over a period that exceeds the current observational record, we use four different ocean reanalysis products to investigate the relationship between surface buoyancy forcing and dense water production in this region. We also reexplore this relationship with the now available 6‐year OSNAP time series. Our analysis finds that although surface transformation in the eastern subpolar gyre dominates the production of deep waters, mixing processes downstream of the Greenland Scotland Ridge are also responsible for the production of waters carried within the AMOC's lower limb both in the observations and reanalyses. Further analysis of the reanalyses shows that SFWMT partly explains MOC interannual variability, the remaining portion can be attributed to basin storage and mixing. Compared to the observations, the reanalyses exhibit stronger MOC variance but comparable SFWMT variance on interannual timescales.
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8

Devana, M., and W. Johns. "Structure and Variability of Iceland Scotland Overflow Water Transport in the Western Iceland Basin." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 129, no. 8 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023jc020107.

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AbstractThe Iceland Scotland Overflow Water (ISOW) plume supplies approximately a third of the production of North Atlantic Deep Water and is a key component of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC). The Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) mooring array in the Iceland Basin has provided high‐resolution observations of ISOW from 2014 to 2020. The ISOW plume forms a deep western boundary current along the eastern flank of Reykjanes Ridge, and its total transport varies by greater than a factor of two on intra‐seasonal timescales. EOF analysis of moored current meter records reveal two dominant modes of velocity variance. The first mode explains roughly 20% of the variance and shows a bottom intensified structure concentrated in the rift valley that runs parallel to the ridge axis. The transport anomaly reconstructed from the first mode explains nearly 80% of the total ISOW plume transport variance. The second mode accounts for 15% of velocity variance, but only 5% of the transport variance. The geostrophically estimated transport (2.9 Sv) recovers only 70% of the total ISOW transport along the ridge flank estimated from the direct current meter observations (4.2 Sv), implying a significant ageostrophic component of ISOW mean transport and variability. Ageostrophic flow is strongly linked to the leading mode of velocity variability within the rift valley. The ISOW transport variability along the upper and middle part of the ridge is further shown to correlate with changes in the strength of deep MOC limb across the basin‐wide OSNAP array.
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9

Tagklis, Filippos, A. Bracco, T. Ito, and R. M. Castelao. "Submesoscale modulation of deep water formation in the Labrador Sea." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-74345-w.

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Abstract Submesoscale structures fill the ocean surface, and recent numerical simulations and indirect observations suggest that they may extend to the ocean interior. It remains unclear, however, how far-reaching their impact may be—in both space and time, from weather to climate scales. Here transport pathways and the ultimate fate of the Irminger Current water from the continental slope to Labrador Sea interior are investigated through regional ocean simulations. Submesoscale processes modulate this transport and in turn the stratification of the Labrador Sea interior, by controlling the characteristics of the coherent vortices formed along West Greenland. Submesoscale circulations modify and control the Labrador Sea contribution to the global meridional overturning, with a linear relationship between time-averaged near surface vorticity and/or frontogenetic tendency along the west coast of Greenland, and volume of convected water. This research puts into contest the lesser role of the Labrador Sea in the overall control of the state of the MOC argued through the analysis of recent OSNAP (Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program) data with respect to estimates from climate models. It also confirms that submesoscale turbulence scales-up to climate relevance, pointing to the urgency of including its advective contribution in Earth systems models.
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