Academic literature on the topic 'Ossification centers'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ossification centers"
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Gavrilin, P. M., М. O. Lieshchova, V. V. Evert, and O. M. Myrnyi. "Структурно-функціональна організація кісткового мозку поросят." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 19, no. 77 (March 15, 2017): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7708.
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The aim of the study was to establish the degree of the development of the bone marrow and activity of its hematopoietic function by the morphometric parameters of the bones, where it is localized, and the centers of ossification in conjunction with the development of cartilage and bone tissue, define the features of the histo- and cytoarchitectonics of the hematopoietic components in the centers of the bone ossification in piglets. It is submitted, the results of the complex researching of the structural and functional features in the osseous organs (5th thoracal vertebra, 5th costal bone, sternum) in the 60- days age piglets due to their hematopoietic function. The absolute, relative mass, bone density, availability and relative area of their centers of the ossification, the relative area of bone marrow, cartilage and bone tissue in the centers of ossification and the relative area of bone marrow cells (osteogenic, hematopoietic and adipocytes) and the cell stroma (reticular and endothelial cells , macrophages, fibroblasts) in the zones of primary and secondary spongy osteine was determined. It is established that the red bone marrow is an integral component of the centers of the ossificaton, hematopoietic and osteogenic structure of which, together with the components of the hemopoietic microsurrounding, histogenetic topographically closely interrelated. The development of the bone marrow hematopoietic components in the bones of the axial skeleton in the 60-days age piglets expresses with the scale of the enchondral osteohistogenesis. The morphometric characteristics of the ossification centers, the relative quantity of the cells in the bone marrow and osteine, the presence of a multicomponent system of the hemopoietic microsurrounding and expressed zonal structure of spongy bone substance are the main criteria of the degree of development of the bone marrow and, therefore, of the potential blood-forming. It is found that bone marrow cells in the ossification centers of the axial skeleton in the 60-days age pigs characterized by expressed heterogeneous structure and in the primary areas of spongy osteine it has hematopoietic-osteogenic form, in the areas of secondary spongy osteine – insular or diffuse insular hematopoietic form with the presence of the individual adipocytes, the quantity of which increases towards the central zone of the ossification centers. In the areas of the growth, the main cells` population on the periphery of the centers of ossification are the osteoblast cells. In the centers of the secondary spongy osteine, hematopoietic cells are dominated, the largest «concentration» of their are characteristic for the centers sites with a maximum degree development of morphological features of the osteohistogenesis and remodulation of the bone tissue.
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Grzonkowska, Magdalena, Mariusz Baumgart, Mateusz Badura, Marcin Wiśniewski, and Michał Szpinda. "Quantitative anatomy of the fused ossification center of the occipital squama in the human fetus." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 23, 2021): e0247601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247601.
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CT-based quantitative analysis of any ossification center in the cranium has not previously been carried out due to the limited availability of human fetal material. Detailed morphometric data on the development of ossification centers in the human fetus may be useful in the early detection of congenital defects. Ossification disorders in the cranium are associated with either a delayed development of ossification centers or their mineralization. These aberrations may result in the formation of accessory skull bones that differ in shape and size, and the incidence of which may be misdiagnosed as, e.g., skull fractures. The study material comprised 37 human fetuses of both sexes (16♂, 21♀) aged 18–30 weeks. Using CT, digital image analysis software, 3D reconstruction and statistical methods, the linear, planar and spatial dimensions of the occipital squama ossification center were measured. The morphometric characteristics of the fused ossification center of the occipital squama show no right—left differences. In relation to gestational age, the ossification center of the occipital squama grows linearly in its right and left vertical diameters, logarithmically in its transverse diameters of both the interparietal and supraoccipital parts and projection surface area, and according to a quadratic function in its volume. The obtained numerical findings of the occipital squama ossification center may be considered age-specific references of relevance in both the estimation of gestational age and the diagnostic process of congenital defects.
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Panattoni, G. L., P. D'Amelio, M. Di Stefano, and G. C. Isaia. "Ossification Centers of Human Femur." Calcified Tissue International 66, no. 4 (April 2000): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00005841.
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Kubicek, Kole M. "Developmental osteology of Ictalurus punctatus and Noturus gyrinus (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae) with a discussion of siluriform bone homologies." Vertebrate Zoology 72 (August 12, 2022): 661–727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.72.e85144.
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Abstract The skeleton of Siluriformes is characterized by several autapomorphies, including secondary absence, extreme modification, and purported fusion of several ossifications. Although well documented in adults, information on skeletal development in catfishes is relatively sparse and typically focused on particular regions of the skeleton (e.g., Weberian apparatus). To further our understanding of the siluriform skeleton, I document the development of the entire skeleton in two ictalurid species, Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish) and Noturus gyrinus (tadpole madtom) from five days pre-hatch to adult. I reexamine the homologies of bones previously hypothesized to represent compound elements in catfishes as well as an additional element only known to occur in some ictalurids. Development of the skeleton is complete in I. punctatus at 22.4 mm SL and almost complete in N. gyrinus (except dorsal- and anal-fin distal radials) at 14.1 mm SL. No signs of ontogenetic fusion were observed in any of the purported compound elements. Previous hypotheses of the homology of these elements and of additional ossifications are reviewed in light of developmental information obtained herein. No dermal parietal component is present at any stage in the so-called parieto-supraoccipital. The bone is the supraoccipital which ossifies from two lateral centers of ossification which later fuse, rather than from a median center. The ‘posttemporo-supracleithrum’ originates from a single center of ossification and represents the supracleithrum. The posttemporal is present in ictalurids and many other catfishes as a canal-bearing bone between the supracleithrum and the pterotic, a bone sometimes identified as the extrascapular. The extrascapular is missing in catfishes. Ictalurids have an additional dermal bone above the posttemporal, which is either an independently ossifying fragment of the posttemporal or a neoformation restricted to some members of this family. The single chondral bone of the pectoral girdle originates from a single center of ossification that represents the coracoid. The scapula is missing in catfishes. Dorsal-fin distal radial 2 is absent in catfishes and the foramen of dorsal-fin spine 2 is formed from modifications to the base of the fin-ray itself. Unlike loricarioid catfishes, the urohyal of ictalurids originates solely as an ossification of the sternohyoideus tendons. The anteriormost infraorbital element ossifies from a single center of ossification around the infraorbital sensory canal and represents the lacrimal. The antorbital is missing in catfishes. Finally, skeletal development of I. punctatus is compared to that available for other otophysans, including the cypriniforms Danio rerio and Enteromius holotaenia and the characiform Salminus brasiliensis.
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Piatt, Joseph H., and Leslie E. Grissom. "Developmental anatomy of the atlas and axis in childhood by computed tomography." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 8, no. 3 (September 2011): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.6.peds11187.
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Object The CT modality plays a central role in the diagnosis of cervical spine fractures. In childhood, radiolucent synchondroses between ossification centers can resemble fractures, and they can be the sites of fractures as well. Recognition of cervical spine fractures in children requires familiarity with normal developmental anatomy and common variants as they appear on CT scans. Methods A convenience sample of 932 CT scans of the cervical spine accessible on the picture archiving and communications system (known as PACS) at a single children's hospital was examined. Scans were excluded from further analysis if they did not include the atlantoaxial region or were otherwise technically unsatisfactory; if the patient carried the diagnosis of a skeletal dysplasia; or if there were developmental lesions noted at other levels of the spine. No more than 1 scan per patient was analyzed. Synchondroses were graded as radiolucent, not totally radiolucent but still visible, or no longer visible. Their locations and symmetries were noted. The presence or absence of the tubercles of the transverse ligament was noted as well. Results After exclusions, 841 studies of the atlas and 835 studies of the axis were analyzed. The 3 common ossification centers of the atlas arose in the paired neural arches and the anterior arch, but in as many as 20% of cases the anterior arch developed from paired symmetrical ossification centers. The 5 common ossification centers of the axis arose in the paired neural arches, in the basal center, in the dentate center (from which most of the dentate process develops), and in the very apex of the dentate process. The appearance of each synchondrosis was noted at sequential ages. The tubercles for the transverse ligament generally did not appear until the ossification of the synchondroses of the atlas was far advanced. Anomalies of the atlas included anterior and posterior spina bifida, absence of sectors of the posterior arch, and anomalous ossification centers and synchondroses. Anomalies of the axis were much less common. What appeared possibly to be chronic, incompletely healed fractures of the atlas were discovered on review for this analysis in 6 cases. No fractures of the axis were discovered. Conclusions There is substantial variation in the time course and pattern of development of the atlas, and anomalies are common. Some fractures of the atlas may escape recognition without manifest sequelae. Variation in the time course of the development of the axis is notable as well, but anomalies seem much less common.
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Kamal, Basma, Reda Rashed, and Atef Erasha. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE TYPICAL CERVICAL VERTEBRAE IN THE WHITE NEW ZEALAND RABBIT (ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS)." Taiwan Veterinary Journal 43, no. 02 (December 22, 2016): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1682648515500328.
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In order to study the pattern of ossification of the components of the postcranial axial skeleton of the white new Zeeland rabbit, intact embryos were isolated between days (d) 13 and 28 of pregnancy, and postnatal till three months old rabbit. All specimens were fixed in 95% ethanol for at least one week, a group was bulk-stained using alizarin and Alcian blue, in order to stain bone and cartilage, respectively, and cleared. Another group was histologically stained with H&E and Mason Trichrome. A third group was examined with CT and X-ray. The time of the first appearance of ossification centers of these prenatal and postnatal specimens was analyzed. The findings demonstrated that, with the exception of the atlas and axis, all of the cervical vertebrae studied had similar growth patterns. The time of appearance of the various centers of ossification in the skeletal elements studied proceeded in a similar order to that described by previous authors, although there were some discrepancies in the exact time of the first appearance of certain ossification centers. Secondary ossification for the epiphysis cranialis and caudalis (the bony collar) appear in cervical region and then extend in cephalocaudal direction till complete appearance at the age of 45-days old rabbit. The data presented here provide useful baseline information on the normal sequential pattern of ossification in the typical cervical vertebrae and the characteristic growth pattern of the individual components in the rabbit.
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Sahni, Dr Prem. "Radiological Staging of Progressive Bony Union of Ossification Centers in Elbow Joint." Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research 05, no. 03 (March 19, 2017): 19032–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i3.117.
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Mohammed, Fadhil Sabah. "Morpho- histological study of supraoccipital bone development in domestic rabbit fetuses Oryctolagus cuniculus." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 36, no. 0E (April 4, 2012): 254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v36i0e.425.
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The developmental study of supraoccipital bone has been done in the rabbit fetuses, which including detection the timing primary appearance and pattern of ossification by using double staining method as well as, histological study which squired for each stages of present study. The double staining technique which are furthering by histological examination for each age, showed the supraoccipital bone was ossify by intramembranous method. The results showed that the primary ossification centers of supraoccipital appeared firstly at(22) day of gestation, and showed direct red staining, at(24) day of gestation, these centers become fused. The supraoccipital bone appear its completely intramembranous ossification at (30) day of gestation and form the roof of foramen magnum.
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Bijelić, Nikola, Tatjana Belovari, Dunja Stolnik, Ivana Lovrić, and Mirela Baus Lončar. "Histomorphometric Parameters of the Growth Plate and Trabecular Bone in Wild-Type and Trefoil Factor Family 3 (Tff3)-Deficient Mice Analyzed by Free and Open-Source Image Processing Software." Microscopy and Microanalysis 23, no. 4 (June 15, 2017): 818–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927617000630.
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AbstractTrefoil factor family 3 (Tff3) peptide is present during intrauterine endochondral ossification in mice, and its deficiency affects cancellous bone quality in secondary ossification centers of mouse tibiae. The aim of this study was to quantitatively analyze parameters describing the growth plate and primary ossification centers in tibiae of 1-month-old wild-type and Tff3 knock-out mice (n=5 per genotype) by using free and open-source software. Digital photographs of the growth plates and trabecular bone were processed by open-source computer programs GIMP and FIJI. Histomorphometric parameters were calculated using measurements made with FIJI. Tff3 knock-out mice had significantly smaller trabecular number and significantly larger trabecular separation. Trabecular bone volume, trabecular bone surface, and trabecular thickness showed no significant difference between the two groups. Although such histomorphological differences were found in the cancellous bone structure, no significant differences were found in the epiphyseal plate histomorphology. Tff3 peptide probably has an effect on the formation and quality of the cancellous bone in the primary ossification centers, but not through disrupting the epiphyseal plate morphology. This work emphasizes the benefits of using free and open-source programs for morphological studies in life sciences.
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Fiumara, Ettore, Tommaso Scarabino, Giuseppe Guglielmi, Michele Bisceglia, and Vincenzo D'Angelo. "Osteochondroma of the L-5 vertebra: a rare cause of sciatic pain." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 91, no. 2 (October 1999): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi.1999.91.2.0219.
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✓ Solitary or multiple osteochondromas, which are benign bone tumors that usually occur in the long bones, are rarely found in the vertebral column. When present in the spine, however, they have a predilection for the cervical or upper thoracic regions. The authors present the case of a solitary osteochondroma arising from the left L-5 articular process that contributed to sciatica; complete cure was achieved following its removal. It is possible to speculate that the cartilage of secondary ossification centers can be the origin of aberrant islands of cartilaginous tissue that cause the osteochondroma to form. The more rapid the ossification process of these centers, the greater the probability that aberrant cartilage will form. Therefore, the fact that osteochondromas are more frequently located in the higher segments of the vertebral column could be explained by the different durations of the ossification processes in these centers, which increase gradually below the cervical segments.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ossification centers"
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Moioli, M. "APPEARANCE OF OSSIFICATION CENTERS OF THE LIMBS AND SKELETAL DEVELOPMENT IN NEWBORN TOY-DOG BREEDS: RADIOGRAPHIC, MORPHOMETRIC AND HISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/233994.
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The study aims to find out the chronological appearance of the ossification centers of appendicular skeleton of newborn toy-breed dogs during the first month of life and to correlate the data obtained with morphometric measures of the skeleton by radiological and anatomical approach. Data obtained were implemented with bone mineral density (BMD) analysis of the long bones and histological and histochemical analysis of limbs bone sections, to evaluate and quantify the trends of the ossification process and the architectural changes of ossification centers.
The study was carried out in 37 newborn toy-breed dogs <28 days old, spontaneously died for unrelated reasons with this study, divided into 4 groups on the basis of age (first week, second week, third week and fourth week). The forelimbs and the hind limbs have been evaluated by radiological and histological analysis. Long bones, cranial and body measurements, both radiological and anatomical, were taken and the BMD of radius and ulna and of os femoris was calculated. The results have been correlated through statistical analysis and compared with standard charts proposed by Literature in order to assess significant differences with medium and large breed dogs.
The appearance of most of the ossification centers reflects the timing of ossification of medium and large breed dogs, however the behavior of some ossification centers changes and therefore might be considered typical of toy-dog breeds. Femoral length could be taken into consideration as a parameter to assess the developmental rate and the age of toy-breed dogs during the growing period, particularly in the first 4 weeks of age. Increasing BMD is highly correlated with increasing long bones length and seems to confirm the space-time relationship between BMD in canine newborn skeleton and in long bones growth.
The radiological, histological and bone mineral density analysis and the correlations between long-bones length, skull diameters, age and body mass, might be currently appropriate to determine the skeletal age in newborn toy-dog breeds.
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Meloni, T. "SOME PERINATAL ENDOCRINE AND MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CANINE SPECIES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/265723.
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Despite the huge literature about dog medicine, the perinatal period of growth and development and possible perturbations of the health of fetuses and newborns are still scarcely investigated, but with a recent, increasing scientific interest. The present thesis was therefore aimed to investigate some perinatal aspects of canine perinatology. Firstly, the study focused on the presence of some growth and metabolic factors and protective substances in dog fetal fluids at term of normal pregnancy. About growth and metabolic factors, the first study showed that insulin-like growth factors I (IGF-I) were higher in amniotic (AM) than allantoic (AL) fluid and the effect of breed size, even if opposite, on both IGF-I and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) was evidenced. The findings suggested that AM IGF-I could be used as an indicator of growth potential in canine species, whereas AM NEFA could work as a marker of fat mobilization for an energy request. The second study on fetal fluids, aimed to assess AM and AL IgG and lysozyme concentrations, documented higher IgG levels in AM than AL fluid, as a consequence of a supposed direct fetal IgG production, whereas no significant differences were found in lysozyme values between the two fluids. Maternal parity was demonstrated to affect IgG concentrations. A second area of study was the assessment of newborns hair and nails usefulness as the newest non invasive matrices for a long-term retrospective investigation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis activation, by cortisol (C) concentrations analysis. The study evidenced that C was detectable in both matrices, with significant higher values in premature puppies compared to term-born dead puppies or puppies dead within the first 30 days of age. Furthermore, because of the newborn puppy high susceptibility to bacterial infection, often followed by death, the fourth study investigated the bacterial involvement in canine neonatal mortality, demonstrating that bacterial infections, above all by E. coli, alone or in association with other bacteria, represent an important cause of neonatal losses. In addition, the study highlighted the importance of the antimicrobial susceptibility test in case of suspected neonatal bacterial infection for a more targeted therapy of surviving litter-mates and for a better management of further gestations in bitch with previous neonatal mortality. The last study was designed to investigate some aspects of skeletal development during the neonatal period in the attempt to provide further knowledge about the first month of skeletal growth in puppies, but also aimed to assess the possible use of some radiographic, morphometric, and anatomic parameters for the age estimation in newborn dogs. The study proved that the neonatal growth occurs gradually as the age progresses, and simultaneously in the body, limbs, and skull. The radiographic evaluation of the ossification centers appearance resulted a useful tool to estimate the neonatal age in puppies, even if during the first 14 days of age significant skeletal changes were not observed. In this respect, the radiographic and anatomic measures of the hindlimb long bones and skull length seem to provide better guarantees; specifically, the neurocranium width as well as tibial and femoral lengths resulted the most correlated measurements with the age. Thus, in the future radiographic and/or anatomical morphometry of limbs and skull could become the best tool for neonatal age estimation.
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Phillips, Vincent Michael. "Dental maturation of the permanent mandibular teeth of South African children and the relation to chronological age." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3425.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDAge estimation of the skeletal remains of children can be accomplished by examination of the ossification centres and the fusion of the epiphyseal plates of long bones. Dental age estimation is done by examining the eruption of the deciduous and permanent teeth. Both these methods are inaccurate and are subject to the nutritional status of the individual. A more accurate method of age estimation is by the examination of radiographic images of the developmental stages of the tooth crown and root formation. Two methods of dental age estimation used are those of Moorrees, Fanning and Hunt (1963) (MFH) and that of Demirjian, Goldstein and Tanner (1973) (DGT). These methods were tested on a sample of 913 Tygerberg dental patients; a random mixture of Caucasoid and Khoisanoid children. The MFH method under-estimated the ages of the sample by an average of 0.91 years and the DGT method over-estimated the ages by an average of 0.89 years. Samples of Indian and Negroid children from Kwa-Zulu Natal were tested in a similar manner and the results showed similar under and over-estimation of the ages by these methods. The Negroid children were labelled the Zulu sample. Correction factors were derived for the MFH and DGT methods of dental age estimation when used on Tygerberg, Indian and Zulu children. These correction factors were tested on the samples and found to improve the accuracy of the age estimation methods of MFH and DGT significantly.A second sample group of Tygerberg, Indian and Zulu children were then tested firstly using the standard method of MFH and DGT and the using the correction factors. The results showed that the correction factors improved the age estimation on these samples except in the case of the DGT method on Zulu children. A sample of Xhosa speaking children were added to the two Zulu samples and made an Nguni sample. The Tygerberg samples were combined as were the Indian samples to form data bases for the construction of dental age related tables for Tygerberg, Indian and Nguni children. These tables show that there are distinct differences in the ages at which the teeth develop in the different sample groups and that dental age related tables are necessary for children of different population origins. Statistical analysis of the age related tables from this study (Phillips Tables) show these tables are more accurate in the age estimation of South African children.
Books on the topic "Ossification centers"
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Oddy, M. J., and Deborah M. Eastwood. Foot injuries in children. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.014011.
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♦ The child’s foot is very supple but when injuries do occur conventional imaging is not as valuable as it should be because of the late ossification. Accessory centres of ossification complicate matters♦ Transchondral fractures are not easily seen on conventional x-rays♦ Lawnmower injuries (shredding of the forefoot) should have a slightly more tissue-preserving approach than in adults♦ Lacerated tendons in the hindfoot need repairing if foot growth is to be normal.
Book chapters on the topic "Ossification centers"
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Krstić, Radivoj V. "Bony Tissue. Indirect or Chondral Bone Formation. Epiphyseal Ossification Centers and Epiphyseal Plate. Continuation of Plate 99." In General Histology of the Mammal, 206–7. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70420-8_101.
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Zhang, Minqing, Dijia Wu, Qin Liu, Qingfeng Li, Yiqiang Zhan, and Xiang Sean Zhou. "Multi-Task Convolutional Neural Network for Joint Bone Age Assessment and Ossification Center Detection from Hand Radiograph." In Machine Learning in Medical Imaging, 681–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32692-0_78.
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Singh, Hariqbal, and Shrikant Nagare. "Ossification Centers." In Textbook of Radiology: Musculoskeletal Radiology, 134. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/12944_12.
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Singh, Hariqbal, and Parvez Sheik. "Ossification Centers." In Atlas on X-ray and Angiographic Anatomy, 127. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11906_9.
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Singh, Hariqbal, Anubhav Khandelwal, and Sushil Kachewar. "Ossification Centers." In Atlas of Human Anatomy on CT Imaging, 114. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11180_11.
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Singh, Hariqbal, and Parvez Sheik. "Ossification Centers." In Atlas of Human Anatomy on MRI Spine Extremities Joints, 118. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11253_14.
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"Epiphysis: Supernumerary Epiphyseal Ossification Centers." In Differential Diagnosis in Pediatric Imaging, edited by Rick R. van Rijn and Johan G. Blickman. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/b-0034-87930.
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Morrey, Bernard F. "Loose Bodies and Ossification Centers About the Elbow." In Morrey's the Elbow and its Disorders, 795–804. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-34169-1.00084-x.
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Raza, Mir, and Lara Reda. "Where Do These Puzzle Pieces Go?" In Pediatric Traumatic Emergencies, 113–20. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190946623.003.0014.
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Pediatric elbow films can be challenging: What is normal versus abnormal? It is critically important to understand the normal development of the elbow and how to identify normal ossification centers and any fractures. Skeletal differences occur due to age and sex, and the relationship between landmarks can help distinguish what is truly an injury versus a normal developmental variant. In this chapter we review methods to review pediatric plain radiographs to identify pediatric elbow fractures, particularly supracondylar humeral fractures.
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Begum, Gulshad, Sarah Prewett, Gail Horan, and Emma-Louise Gerety. "Primary bone sarcomas." In Imaging for Clinical Oncology, 275–87. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198818502.003.0020.
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Bone sarcomas are rare and require a multidisciplinary approach. Typically patients present with pain or swelling and are usually initially imaged by radiograph, with CT and MRI used for further assessment. CT provides information as to the type of calcification and ossification associated with the lesion, whereas MRI provides information about the soft tissue component and extent of bone marrow involvement. Biopsy is usually required for definitive histological diagnosis and should be performed at a specialist bone sarcoma centre to avoid compromising the surgical field. The most common primary bone sarcomas are osteosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, and chondrosarcoma. We discuss the role of different imaging modalities in the diagnosis, staging, and response to therapy.
Conference papers on the topic "Ossification centers"
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Lee, Chanyoung, Joan T. Richtsmeier, and Reuben H. Kraft. "A Multiscale Computational Model for the Growth of the Cranial Vault in Craniosynostosis." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38728.
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Craniosynostosis is a condition defined by premature closure of cranial vault sutures, which is associated with abnormalities of the brain and skull. Many causal relationships between discovered mutations and premature suture closure have been proposed but an understanding of the precise mechanisms remains elusive. This article describes a computational framework of biological processes underlying cranial growth that will enable a hypothesis driven investigation of craniosynostosis phenotypes using reaction-diffusion-advection methods and the finite element method. Primary centers of ossification in cranial vault are identified using an activator-substrate model that represents the behavior of key molecules for bone formation. Biomechanical effects due to the interaction between growing bone and soft tissue is investigated to elucidate the mechanism of growth of cranial vault.
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Garzón-Alvarado, D. A., and L. M. Peinado-Cortés. "Appearance and Development of Secondary Ossification Center: A Mathematical Model Approach." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19648.
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This paper introduces an “hypothesis about the growth pattern of the secondary ossification centre (SOC)”, whereby two phases are assumed. First, the formation of cartilage canals as an event essential for the development of the SOC. Second, hence the canals are merged in the central zone of the epiphysis, molecular factors are released (primarily Runx2 and MMP9) spreading and causing hypertrophy of adjacent cells. In order to test this hypothesis we solve a system of coupled partial differential equations using the finite element method and we have obtained spatio-temporal patterns of the growth process of the SOC. The model is in qualitatively agreement with experimental results previously reported by other authors.
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Mahmoodian, Roza, and Sorin Siegler. "An MRI Based Study of Tarsal Development During Manipulation and Casting Therapy of Infant Clubfoot." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42573.
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Ponseti technique is a common non-surgical treatment based on serial manipulation and casting for idiopathic infant clubfoot. We have used three dimensional MRI throughout the treatment, to investigate the effect of the casts on the clubfoot of a one week old (at the beginning of treatment) male with unilateral right idiopathic congenital clubfoot deformity. A total of 21 MRI scans were obtained during weekly serial manipulation and corrective casting. Changes in shape, volume, ossification, and positional relationships of the hind foot anlagen were studied. We found that immediate shape changes occur following casting, particularly in the talus and the navicular, and when after one week the cast is removed the anlagen do not elastically return to their original shape and position prior to casting. Furthermore, the growth rate of some of the clubfoot anlagen, in particular the talus, was faster than normal. A faster ossification was observed in the calcaneus and cuboid. Results also showed correction in parallelism of calcaneus and talus in the anteroposterior plane, minor correction of this parallelism in the lateral view necessitating a heel cord tenotomy, and correction of the medial rotation of calcaneus. Under this treatment changes in talar neck angle yielded a decreasing trend. The navicular moved with respect to the head of the talus from a medial to a lateral position. Relative to the talar body it shifted laterally. Also the geometrical center of talus ossific nucleus was noted to move towards the center of the whole anlagen suggesting that the ossification extends in the opposite direction from the head of the talus. It was concluded that the mechanism of adaptation to the casting loads was quick deformation immediately upon cast application followed by adaptation to the new shape in the cast. These were qualitative findings. It was also concluded that most of the correction occurred during the initial treatment period, primarily during the first and second weeks (1). On the quantitative end, it was confirmed that MRI and computer techniques can be utilized to ascertain and quantify the abnormalities which were impossible to well identify otherwise. MRI based studies have powerful potential to provide helpful information on the choice of treatment as well as guidance throughout. For instance, it may therefore be possible in the present case to shorten the treatment time without adverse effects on the outcome.
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Williams, John L., Nicholas K. Gove, G. Adam Flowers, and Thomas L. Schmidt. "Fracture Toughness of the Growth Cartilage Reserve Zone Is Anisotropic." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/bed-23066.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In the developing proximal tibial epiphysis the anterior ossifying tibial tuberosity is separated from the secondary ossification center of the tibial epiphysis by a bipolar growth plate known as the ‘cartilage bridge.’ We tested the fracture toughness of the central part of this growth cartilage in 18-week old calves in the direction perpendicular to the plate (mean 4962 N/m, SD 1846) and found it to be greater (p = 0.0004) than in the parallel direction (mean 2909 N/mm, SD 1122). Part of the reason for this anisotropy is the presence of vascular channels which cross the bridge from the epiphysis into the tuberosity. In addition, we hypothesize that the anisotropy reflects an arrangement of collagen primarily along the length of the ‘cartilage bridge.’