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1
Carrilho, Carla, Chau Miu, Yeji Kim, et al. "p16 Expression Correlates with Invasive Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasms in HIV-Infected Mozambicans." Ocular Oncology and Pathology 6, no. 2 (2019): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000502096.
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Background: p16 immunohistochemistry is widely used to diagnose human papillomavirus (HPV)-related squamous neoplasms of cervix, anogenital, head, and neck tissues. The incidence of these HPV-related squamous neoplasms is markedly increased in the HIV-infected population. Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is also more common in HIV-infected patients. However, the expression pattern of p16 in OSSN among HIV-infected patients is unclear. Here, we examined the expression of p16 in OSSN surgical excisions collected from a large HIV-infected cohort from Mozambique. Methods: OSSN surgical tissue specimens were collected from 75 Mozambican patients. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from these OSSNs were sectioned, stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and p16 expression by immunohistochemistry. H&E slides were reviewed to determine if OSSNs were noninvasive conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasms or invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Cases were classified as p16 positive or negative based on diffuse nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of p16 in neoplastic cells. Results: p16 positivity was found in a minority of OSSN cases (14/75). p16 positivity was significantly associated with the invasive SCC type of OSSN in HIV-infected patients (p value of 0.026). Conclusions: The majority of OSSNs in our HIV-infected cohort do not express p16. However, those cases that are p16-positive are significantly more likely to be the invasive SCC form of OSSN. We propose that p16 expression may identify more aggressive OSSNs in HIV-infected populations.
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Sandraningrum, Sandraningrum, and M. Rinaldy Dahlan. "Karakteristik pasien ocular surface squamous neoplasia di Pusat Mata Nasional RS Mata Cicendo periode Januari 2012- Juni 2014." Ophthalmologica Indonesiana 43, no. 1 (2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35749/journal.v43i1.136.
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 Background: Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is a broad term encompassing conjunctival intraepithelial neoplastic lesions (CIN) and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of conjunctiva and cornea. The purpose of this study is to describe the demographic, clinical, therapy and histopathology characteristics of OSSNs patients in Cicendo Eye Center within period of January 2012 – June 2014. Methods: Patient medical records were reviewed. Fourty patients of biopsy-proven OSSN at Cicendo Eye Centre from January 2012 until June 2014 were reviewed. 
 Results: Data was collected from 40 patients (41 eyes), OSSN was more frequent in men (62.5%) and had unilateral presentation (97.5%). The mean patient age was 45.9±14.7 years. The most common complaint was lump on the ocular surface (50%). The size of lesion was mostly less than 2 mm (62.5%). All of the patients were managed with surgery using wide excision and histopathology examination, of whom 46.4% cases were managed with wide excision only, 41.4% cases were managed with wide excision and application of topical mitomycin C (MMC), 12.2% cases were managed with wide excision, application of topical MMC, and cryotherapy. Histopathology examination revealed that 41.5% cases were CIN, 19.5% cases were carcinoma in situ, and 39% cases were invasive SCC. 
 Conclusions: Patients with OSSN who came to Cicendo Eye Center were mostly male and had unilateral presentation. The most common clinical sign and symptom were ocular surface mass with size of the lesion less than 2 mm. Management of patient with OSSN is mostly excisional surgery only. Majority of histopathology examination showed CIN. 
 
 
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Agung Bhakti Wiratama, Susy Fatmariyanti, and Rozalina Loebis. "The effect of demographic and clinical characteristics toward ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) recurrence after tumor excision surgery in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Indonesia: A literature review." Bali Medical Journal 12, no. 3 (2023): 2656–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v12i3.4693.
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Link of Video Abstract: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4wrqsa21hw An essential component of the ocular surface is the conjunctiva. The most common non-pigmented malignancy that can affect the conjunctiva is ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN). Despite the vast investigations on this deadly organism, certain elements related to demographics, clinical traits, and recurrence remain unclear. The objective of this review was to explore OSSN in depth. OSSN is classified into several types based on its clinical morphology, such as nodular, plaque, and diffuse OSSN. Plaque types can be classified into gelatinous, leucoplakia, and papilliform. Histopathological classification of OSSN consists of benign, pre-invasive, and invasive types. The OSSN tumor stadium can be classified using the TNM criteria by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). OSSN management can be divided into medical and surgical management based on classification and tumor stadium. Despite the advances in the treatment of OSSN, there are still variances and conflicting results in the recurrence after surgery, which certain demographic and clinical types of OSSN might cause. Further study is needed to confirm the significance of the recurrence of each demographic and clinical characteristic of each OSSN tumor.
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International, Journal of Medical Science and Advanced Clinical Research (IJMACR). "Clinicopathological Correlation and P16 Expressions in Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia." International Journal of Medical Science and Advanced Clinical Research (IJMACR) 8, no. 1 (2025): 131–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15234332.
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<strong>Abstract</strong> <strong>Introduction: </strong>Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN) is defined as the range of disease from mild dysplasia to carcinoma in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. OSSN may be located on cornea, conjunctiva and limbus but is mostly found on interpalpebral fissure. OSSN's regional occurrence varies. Previous epidemiological research found that the incidence of OSSN was 0.13 per lakh in Uganda and less than 0.20 per million each year in the UK.<strong> </strong>Human papillomavirus (HPV), UV exposure, and immunosuppression all have a significant impact on OSSN incidence.<strong> </strong>Human papillomavirus (HPV), UV exposure, and immunosuppression all have a significant impact on OSSN incidence<strong>. </strong>HPV contributes to cancer pathogenesis by the formation of a protein complex between the host, p53 and HPVE6 protein, resulting in the blockage of p53 supression action. The neutralization of cellular retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (pRB) and the p53 tumor suppressor protein by the HPVE6 and E7 oncogenes induces the expression of p16. Hence p16 expression is considered a marker of high risk HPV serotypes <strong>Objectives</strong> · Clinico pathological correlation in OSSN. · To evaluate the frequency and pattern of expression of p16 by immunohistochemistry in histopathologically diagnosed samples of OSSN. <strong>Methods: </strong>35 cases of OSSN received in Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute were studied. After routine processing, Hematoxylin and eosin staining and p16 immunohistochemistry was performed. <strong>Results: </strong>35 cases of OSSN cases were studied using H&E for histologic type, grade and stage. Immunohistochemical analysis was done to evaluate p16 expression and its correlation with grade of the tumor were studied. In our present study 27 out of 35 cases showed p16 positivity, suggesting that there is significant association between HPV and OSSN. In our study no statical significance was found between p16 positivity and different grades of OSSN <strong>Conclusion</strong>: 77% of the cases showed positive p16 staining, suggesting that there is a strong correlation between HPV and OSSN in the cases under investigation. P16 came positive more in higher grades such as grade III OSSN and SCC but no statically significant association was found between different grades of OSSN and p16 expression. However, this creates opportunities for more extensive research on p16 in OSSN in the future with more sample size, which could aid in determining a standard cut-off point for OSSN grading.
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Stella Agatha Widjaja, Delfitri Lutfi, Linda Dewanti, Alphania Rahniayu, and Fitria Kusumastuti. "AGE, SEX, AND TYPES OF OCCUPATION WITH HISTOPATHOLOGICAL TYPES IN PATIENTS WITH OCULAR SURFACE SQUAMOUS NEOPLASIA (OSSN) IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN SURABAYA, INDONESIA." Majalah Biomorfologi 34, no. 2 (2024): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mbiom.v34i2.2024.74-82.
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Highlights The histopathological types of OSSN were significantly associated with age and occupation. The study's findings enhance the understanding of OSSN in Indonesia and emphasize the importance of UV exposure, occupation, and age in its development. Abstract Background: Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN) is a spectrum of tumors affecting the conjunctiva and cornea, in which a more invasive type of OSSN has a higher recurrence rate. As a tropical country, Indonesia is constantly exposed to intense ultraviolet (UV) radiation, the main risk factor for OSSN. Despite this, there are very few studies regarding OSSN in Indonesia. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the association between sociodemographic characteristics such as age, sex, and types of occupation (outdoor and indoor) and histopathological types of OSSN to fill the gap in research and contribute to early diagnostic strategies. Material and Method: Sociodemographic and histopathological data were extracted from the medical records of patients who were histopathologically diagnosed with OSSN at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital from 2017 to 2021. Data from 88 samples that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were classified and analyzed with descriptive statistics and a two-sided Fisher's exact test using SPSS version 27.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., USA). Result: The exact test results of the two-sided fisher revealed a statistically significant relationship between age (p = 0.0004) and occupation type (p = 0.049) with histopathological types of OSSN. However, no significant association was found between sex and histopathological types of OSSN (p = 0.130). Conclusion: Age and occupation were found to have a significant association with the histopathological types of OSSN, reinforcing the need for further exploration of its strength and nature to be considered by future researchers.
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Hossain, Ruhella R., Jee Ah Oh, Cameron McLintock, Chris Murphy, and James McKelvie. "Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia: A 12-Month Prospective Evaluation of Incidence in Waikato, New Zealand." Vision 6, no. 3 (2022): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vision6030050.
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Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) has a high incidence in the southern hemisphere. This prospective study evaluated the incidence of OSSN in the Waikato region of New Zealand. All patients presenting with pterygium or conjunctival lesions in the Waikato region in 2020 were included. All surgeons in the region were asked to send all conjunctival and corneal specimens excised for histopathologic examination. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of OSSN. Eighty-eight percent of all excised specimens were sent for histopathologic examination. Of the 185 excised lesions sent for histopathological assessment, 18 (10%) were reported as OSSN. Patients were on average 69.4 years of age (standard deviation, SD = 6.9), predominantly male (78%), and of New Zealand-European ethnicity (89%). The OSSN annual incidence was 3.67/100,000/year. Histology grades included conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)-I (25%), CIN-II (25%), CIN-III (12.5%), carcinoma in situ (25%), and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (12.5%). One patient with invasive SCC required exenteration. This study identified a high incidence rate of OSSN and is the first prospective study to analyze OSSN epidemiology in New Zealand.
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Kim, Woo-Jong, Ki-Jin Jung, Eui-Dong Yeo, et al. "Treatment of Navicular Stress Fracture Accompanied by Os Supranaviculare: A Case Report." Medicina 58, no. 1 (2021): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010027.
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Navicular stress fractures (NSFs) are relatively uncommon, and predominantly affect athletes. Patients complain of vague pain, bruising, and swelling in the dorsal aspect of the midfoot. Os supranaviculare (OSSN) is an accessory ossicle located above the dorsal aspect of the talonavicular joint. There have been few previous reports of NSFs accompanied by OSSN. Herein we report the case of a patient with OSSN who was successfully treated for an NSF. A 34-year-old Asian man presented with a 6-month history of insidious-onset dorsal foot pain that occasionally radiated medially toward the arch. The pain worsened while sprinting and kicking a soccer ball with the instep, whereas it was temporarily relieved by rest for a week and analgesics. Plain radiographs of the weight-bearing foot and ankle joints revealed a bilateral, well-corticated OSSN. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a sagittally oriented incomplete fracture that extended from the dorsoproximal cortex to the center of the body of the navicular. The OSSN was excised and the joint was immobilized with a non-weight-bearing cast for 6 weeks, followed by gradual weight bearing using a boot. The 5-month follow-up CT scan demonstrated definite fracture healing. At the 1-year follow-up, the patient’s symptoms had resolved, the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society midfoot score had improved from 61 to 95 points, and the visual analog scale pain score had improved from 6 to 0. We describe a rare case of NSF accompanied by OSSN. Because of the fracture gap and biomechanical properties of OSSN, OSSN was excised and the joint was immobilized, leading to a successful outcome. Further research is required to evaluate the relationship between NSFs and OSSN, and determine the optimal management of NSFs in patients with OSSN.
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Mishra, Dilip Kumar, Shikha Taneja, Vivek Singh, Uppala Veena, and Swathi Kaliki. "Histopathological spectrum of ocular surface squamous neoplasia." Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology 65, no. 1 (2022): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_1313_20.
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Background: Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) comprises neoplasm arising from the ocular surface, which includes conjunctiva, cornea, and limbus and ranges from mild dysplasia to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Purpose: The aim of this work was to study the spectrum of OSSN based on histopathological analysis. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study comprising 776 histopathologically diagnosed cases of OSSN from January 2004 to December 2014. Results: The mean age of presentation of OSSN was 45 years (median, 45 years; 2 to 87 years) with male preponderance (74%). The most common age group of presentation was 41–60 years (n = 299; 39%). The most common type of OSSN was invasive squamous cell carcinoma seen in 50% (n = 383) eyes followed by severe dysplasia/carcinoma in situin 31% (n = 250) eyes. Tumor infiltration at base was seen in 16% (n = 124), positive margins in 32% (n = 248), scleral infiltration in 14% (n = 109), intraocular extension in 3% (n = 23), and orbital extension in 4% (n = 26) eyes. OSSN was associated with actinic keratosis in 21% (n = 165) cases. Conclusion: Based on histopathology, invasive squamous cell carcinoma is the most common form of OSSN in the Asian Indian population.
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Chow, Lyndah, Edward Flaherty, Lynn Pezzanite, Maggie Williams, Steven Dow, and Kathryn Wotman. "Impact of Equine Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia on Interactions between Ocular Transcriptome and Microbiome." Veterinary Sciences 11, no. 4 (2024): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11040167.
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Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) represents the most common conjunctival tumor in horses and frequently results in vision loss and surgical removal of the affected globe. Multiple etiologic factors have been identified as contributing to OSSN progression, including solar radiation exposure, genetic mutations, and a lack of periocular pigmentation. Response to conventional treatments has been highly variable, though our recent work indicates that these tumors are highly responsive to local immunotherapy. In the present study, we extended our investigation of OSSN in horses to better understand how the ocular transcriptome responds to the presence of the tumor and how the ocular surface microbiome may also be altered by the presence of cancer. Therefore, we collected swabs from the ventral conjunctival fornix from 22 eyes in this study (11 with cytologically or histologically confirmed OSSN and 11 healthy eyes from the same horses) and performed RNA sequencing and 16S microbial sequencing using the same samples. Microbial 16s DNA sequencing and bulk RNA sequencing were both conducted using an Illumina-based platform. In eyes with OSSN, we observed significantly upregulated expression of genes and pathways associated with inflammation, particularly interferon. Microbial diversity was significantly reduced in conjunctival swabs from horses with OSSN. We also performed interactome analysis and found that three bacterial taxa (Actinobacillus, Helcococcus and Parvimona) had significant correlations with more than 100 upregulated genes in samples from animals with OSSN. These findings highlight the inflammatory nature of OSSN in horses and provide important new insights into how the host ocular surface interacts with certain microbial populations. These findings suggest new strategies for the management of OSSN in horses, which may entail immunotherapy in combination with ocular surface probiotics or prebiotics to help normalize ocular cell and microbe interactions.
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Ong, Sally S., Gargi K. Vora, and Preeya K. Gupta. "Anterior Segment Imaging in Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia." Journal of Ophthalmology 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5435092.
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Recent advances in anterior segment imaging have transformed the way ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is diagnosed and monitored. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) has been reported to be useful primarily in the assessment of intraocular invasion and metastasis.In vivoconfocal microscopy (IVCM) shows enlarged and irregular nuclei with hyperreflective cells in OSSN lesions and this has been found to correlate with histopathology findings. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) demonstrates thickened hyperreflective epithelium with an abrupt transition between abnormal and normal epithelium in OSSN lesions and this has also been shown to mimic histopathology findings. Although there are limitations to each of these imaging modalities, they can be useful adjunctive tools in the diagnosis of OSSN and could greatly assist the clinician in the management of OSSN patients. Nevertheless, anterior segment imaging has not replaced histopathology’s role as the gold standard in confirming diagnosis.
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Vadivelu, Sharmila Devi, Hannah Ratna Priya, Themangani, and Sivakami Mohan. "Study of Demographic Patterns and Treatment Approaches of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia in a Tertiary Care Centre." TNOA Journal of Ophthalmic Science and Research 62, no. 2 (2024): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/tjosr.tjosr_142_23.
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Abstract Background: Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) includes a wide spectrum of conjunctival and corneal intraepithelial neoplasia, which can manifest as mild, moderate, severe dysplasia, carcinoma-in-situ and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. OSSN can mimic many common indolent lesions like pterygium and have a potential for causing ocular and systemic morbidity and mortality. OSSN is more common in elderly males. ultraviolet-B light, human immune deficiency, and human papilloma virus have been proposed as major risk factors in aetiopathogenesis. Though diagnosis of OSSN is mainly based on clinical suspicion, definitive diagnosis needs histopathological evaluation. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography, ultrasonic bio microscopy, and impression cytology are nonsurgical tools used for diagnosis and management, of which anterior segment optical coherence tomography has brought about a paradigm shift in the diagnosis of OSSN. Aim: The aim of the study was to demonstrate the demographics, clinical profile, types of OSSN, management approaches, histopathology and the effectiveness of different approaches in patients with OSSN in a tertiary care centre in Tamil Nadu. Materials and Methods: It was a hospital-based prospective interventional study where 51 eyes of 50 patients with clinically suspicious OSSN were studied between July 2021 and January 2023 (over 18 months) with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Results: The age group for the patients ranged between 30 and 79 years. Out of 50 patients, 26 were men and 24 were women with no sex predilection in our study. Unilateral involvement was seen in 49 patients and only one patient had bilateral involvement. Twenty-nine patients presented with gelatinous-like lesions, six with leukoplakic lesions, five with papilliform like lesion, nine with pigmented lesions and one with nodulo ulcerative type lesion. On histopathological examination, majority (21 patients) were severe dysplasia. Majority (78.4%) underwent surgical clearance with no recurrence. Adjunctive therapy to reduce recurrence included intraoperative cryotherapy and postoperative topical chemotherapy using mitomycin C. Conclusion: In our series, the most common morphological type of lesion was gelatinous, and surgical management using Shield’s technique was commonly used as the management option for unifocal lesions less than 5 mm with less than 4 clock hours involvement. The demographic profile was comparable with other studies on OSSN. Being a potentially malignant condition, a study on OSSN helps us in understanding the disease better and helps in early detection, leading to timely intervention and improved treatment outcomes. Furthermore, research on OSSN contributes to enhancing our knowledge on ocular oncology.
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Jain, Parul, Aastha Singh, Avilasha Mohapatra, Ritu Arora, and Gahan A. Reddy. "Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia – An Update on Diagnostic Modalities and Management." Delhi Journal of Ophthalmology 33, no. 3 (2023): 186–90. https://doi.org/10.4103/dljo.dljo_121_23.
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Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) encompasses a group of squamous neoplasms of conjunctival and corneal epithelium such as conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia, corneal epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. Patients with OSSN present with decreased visual acuity, irritation in the eye, and an ocular surface lesion with varied clinical morphologies, associated prominent feeder vessels, and often a keratin plaque. While the definitive diagnosis of OSSN is histopathological, imaging modalities such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT-angiography, and ultrasound biomicroscopy are noninvasive techniques to identify the disease, its extent and monitor progression. Surgical excision with wide tumor-free margins has been traditionally employed to manage the condition. However, with promising results obtained with medical modalities such as chemotherapy and immunomodulatory agents, there has been a paradigm shift in managing patients with OSSN. This review describes in detail clinical features, latest diagnostic modalities, and management guidelines for OSSN.
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Habibalahi, Abbas, Alexandra Allende, Jesse Michael, et al. "Pterygium and Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia: Optical Biopsy Using a Novel Autofluorescence Multispectral Imaging Technique." Cancers 14, no. 6 (2022): 1591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14061591.
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In this study, differentiation of pterygium vs. ocular surface squamous neoplasia based on multispectral autofluorescence imaging technique was investigated. Fifty (N = 50) patients with histopathological diagnosis of pterygium (PTG) and/or ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) were recruited. Fixed unstained biopsy specimens were imaged by multispectral microscopy. Tissue autofluorescence images were obtained with a custom-built fluorescent microscope with 59 spectral channels, each with specific excitation and emission wavelength ranges, suitable for the most abundant tissue fluorophores such as elastin, flavins, porphyrin, and lipofuscin. Images were analyzed using a new classification framework called fused-classification, designed to minimize interpatient variability, as an established support vector machine learning method. Normal, PTG, and OSSN regions were automatically detected and delineated, with accuracy evaluated against expert assessment by a specialist in OSSN pathology. Signals from spectral channels yielding signals from elastin, flavins, porphyrin, and lipofuscin were significantly different between regions classified as normal, PTG, and OSSN (p < 0.01). Differential diagnosis of PTG/OSSN and normal tissue had accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 88 ± 6%, 84 ± 10% and 91 ± 6%, respectively. Our automated diagnostic method generated maps of the reasonably well circumscribed normal/PTG and OSSN interface. PTG and OSSN margins identified by our automated analysis were in close agreement with the margins found in the H&E sections. Such a map can be rapidly generated on a real time basis and potentially used for intraoperative assessment.
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Agarwal, Ayushi, Swathi Kaliki, and Somasheila I. Murthy. "Corneal squamous neoplasia: masquerades and management outcomes at a rural eyecare centre." BMJ Case Reports 16, no. 5 (2023): e254365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2022-254365.
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The authors describe two cases of corneal ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN), presenting at our rural eyecare centre, which were initially misdiagnosed as viral epithelial keratitis and corneal pannus with focal limbal stem cell deficiency. Both the cases were refractory to initial treatment and corneal OSSN was suspected. Anterior segment-optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) revealed a thickened, hyper-reflective epithelium with abrupt transition and an underlying cleavage plane, features typical of OSSN. Topical 1% 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) therapy was initiated and in two cycles (first case) to three cycles (second case), complete resolution was noted both clinically and on AS-OCT, with no significant side effects. Both patients are currently free of tumour at the 2-month follow-up period. The authors report the rare, atypical presentations of corneal OSSN, discuss the masquerades and highlight the role of primary topical 5-FU in managing corneal OSSN in limited resource settings.
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Yeoh, Clarice H. Y., Jerome J. R. Lee, Blanche X. H. Lim, et al. "The Management of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 1 (2022): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010713.
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The rise of primary topical monotherapy with chemotherapeutic drugs and immunomodulatory agents represents an increasing recognition of the medical management of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN), which may replace surgery as the standard of care in the future. Currently, there is no consensus regarding the best way to manage OSSN with no existing guidelines to date. This paper seeks to evaluate evidence surrounding available treatment modalities and proposes an approach to management. The approach will guide ophthalmologists in selecting the most appropriate treatment regime based on patient and disease factors to minimize treatment related morbidity and improve OSSN control. Further work can be done to validate this algorithm and to develop formal guidelines to direct the management of OSSN.
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Jain, Neha, Dharma Sanandiya та Vikas Mittal. "Fungal keratitis with topical interferon-α2b in ocular surface squamous neoplasia". Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology and Research 13, № 2 (2025): 233–35. https://doi.org/10.4103/jcor.jcor_223_24.
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This report highlights a unique case of fungal keratitis following the use of topical interferon alpha-2b (IFN-α2b) for managing ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN). We describe the clinical journey of a 55-year-old male with OSSN treated with topical IFN-α2b, resulting in fungal keratitis. The initial surgical recommendation was declined, leading to interferon therapy and subsequent development of keratitis, managed through therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty. Postsurgery, the patient showed no OSSN recurrence, with a clear graft and confirmed mild squamous dysplasia with atypia on histopathology. This case suggests a potential risk of microbial keratitis, possibly due to local immune suppression, following topical IFN-α2b treatment for OSSN, underscoring the need for cautious monitoring.
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Manderwad, Guru Prasad, Gopinathan Gokul, Chitra Kannabiran, Santosh G. Honavar, Sanjeev Khosla, and Geeta K. Vemuganti. "Hypomethylation of the DNMT3L Promoter in Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 134, no. 8 (2010): 1193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2009-0417-oa.1.
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Abstract Context.—Cancer is known to have epigenetic inputs, with events like genomewide hypomethylation and gene-specific hypermethylation of DNA. The DNA methyltransferase enzymes act as effectors of this reprogramming. A previous study revealed that hypomethylation at the DNA methyltransferase 3-like (DNMT3L) promoter could be a potential biomarker in cervical tumors. Because the pathobiology of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is similar to that of cervical tumors, we wanted to determine whether similar changes occur in the methylation pattern at the DNMT3L promoter in OSSN. Objective.—To evaluate the methylation status of the DNMT3L promoter in OSSN compared with healthy conjunctiva. Design.—We evaluated DNA methylation at the DNMT3L promoter in the tumor tissues of 6 patients with histologically proven OSSN and in healthy conjunctiva tissue from 7 individuals for controls using the sodium bisulfite–assisted conversion of genomic DNA. Extracted genomic DNA was treated with sodium bisulfite and amplified with specific primers for the DNMT3L promoter region. The specific polymerase chain reaction products were cloned and sequenced. Results.—The mean age of these patients was 50.2 years (range, 35–65 years). Histologically, 4 OSSN cases were invasive; 2 were intraepithelial. Healthy conjunctival tissues exhibited a methylated promoter region, whereas a variable loss of methylation was observed in all 6 OSSN cases. Conclusions.—We have, for the first time to our knowledge, identified loss of methylation at the DNMT3L promoter in OSSN cases, but its physiologic significance is yet to be understood. Further studies are warranted to substantiate our results.
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Patel, Sushila, Binita Bhattarai Pokharel, Anita Shah, Manita Sunam Goda, and Saraswati Khadka Thapa. "Clinico-Pathological Study of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia in a Tertiary Care Centre of Western Region of Nepal." Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences 7, no. 1 (2019): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v7i1.24677.
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INTRODUCTION: Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) consists of a wide range of conjunctival and corneal lesions ranging from dysplastic lesions to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. In recent times, the incidence of OSSN seems to be on the rise, especially in developing countries. The present study was aimed to analyse demographic pattern, clinical characteristics, and histopathology findings of OSSN in a tertiary care centre of western region of Nepal.
 MATERIAL AND METHODS: It was a retrospective study. We analyzed 94 cases of OSSN who presented to cornea department of Lumbini Eye Institute, Bhairahawa, Nepal over a period 1.5 years from 1st July 2017 to 31st December 2018. All the patients with OSSN, detailed clinical history and examination were recorded. Lesions were excised with a 3 mm margin clearance and sent for histopathological examination.
 RESULTS: Mean age of our patients with OSSN was 48.89±17.955 years ranging from 17 to 85 years. There were 52 (55.32%) male and 42 (44.68%) female. Mean duration of presentation was 6.34±6.17 months. A solitary nodule at the limbus was the commonest presentation. Right eyes were involved more than left eyes. Lesions were found most commonly on temporal site 52 (55.32%) followed by nasal 36 (38.30%). On histopathological examination benign lesions were found in 31 (32.98%) eyes, preinvasive lesion in 50 (53.19%) eyes and invasive lesions in 13 (13.83%) eyes.
 CONCLUSION: OSSN were seen more commonly in young adults with male predominance. Benign and pre invasive lesions are found more commonly than invasive lesions.
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Alvarez, Osmel Peter, Mike Zein, Anat Galor, and Carol L. Karp. "Management of ocular surface squamous neoplasia: Bowman Club Lecture 2021." BMJ Open Ophthalmology 6, no. 1 (2021): e000842. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2021-000842.
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The gold-standard treatment for ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) has traditionally been surgical excision with wide margins and a no-touch technique. However, surgery may be associated with several unfavourable sequelae, as well as significant recurrence rates if margins are positive. In recent years, topical chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, interferon α−2b and mitomycin C have emerged as valuable agents capable of effectively treating OSSN with varying adverse effects. These medical treatment options usually present additional costs to the patient but can allow patients to avoid surgery with fewer long-term effects. Anterior segment high-resolution optical coherence tomography is an excellent tool for diagnosing and monitoring OSSN and can be a useful aid for both surgical and medical treatments of OSSN.
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Bansal, Rolika, and Santosh G. Honavar. "Oncological principles in the management of ocular surface squamous neoplasia - A Review." Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 73, no. 2 (2025): 173–90. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.ijo_2340_24.
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Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is the most common neoplasia of the anterior segment. Accurate and timely diagnosis, including detailed clinical assessment and imaging, is essential to ascertain the extent of the disease. The gold standard treatment for OSSN has evolved over the years, transitioning from wide-margin surgical excision using the “no-touch” technique to topical immunotherapy, plaque brachytherapy, and targeted immunotherapy. The choice of treatment modality depends on a tailored approach based on the initial presentation and progression of the disease. This review consolidates a comprehensive understanding of the variable clinical presentations of OSSN, diagnostic and imaging techniques, and available treatment options. It also provides a foundation for the oncologic principles of managing OSSN while offering insights into future therapeutic approaches.
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SMU, Kadir. "Recombinant Interferon-Alpha 2b for Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN)." Open Access Journal of Ophthalmology 6, no. 1 (2021): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajo-16000218.
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Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is an ambit of ocular surface diseases encompassing dysplasia to different grades of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the ocular surface. The typical presentation is the leukoplakic appearance with feeder vessels of conjunctiva, limbus, and cornea. Histological confirmation after incisional/excisional biopsy has been considered the gold standard for OSSN. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and mitomycin C (MMC) has used as adjuvant topical chemotherapy. Recently, interferon-alpha 2b (INF α2b) is operating as immunotherapy for the treatment of OSSN. Good outcome with fewer side effects than other drugs are reported. An overview on INF α2b for the treatment of OSSN is attempting to analyze mode of action, dose and duration, and treatment modality and outcome of INF α2b.
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Chauhan, Sheetal, Seema Sen, Anjana Sharma, et al. "American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging and Clinicopathological High-Risk Predictors of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia: A Study From a Tertiary Eye Center in India." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 138, no. 11 (2014): 1488–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2013-0353-oa.
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Context Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is the most common tumor of conjunctival epithelium associated with risk of permanent visual impairment. It includes conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. Although American Joint Committee on Cancer–TNM (AJCC-TNM) staging is commonly used in various tumors, it has only recently been described for OSSN. Objectives To evaluate the prognostic relevance of AJCC-TNM staging and the clinicopathological features in OSSN. Design Sixty-four histopathologically proven cases of OSSN (20 conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia and 44 squamous cell carcinoma) were included in the study. The AJCC-TNM staging and clinicopathological features of OSSN cases were recorded. Patients were followed up for 17 to 40 months (median, 32 months). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the prognostic value of various clinicopathological features. Results Longer sunlight exposure (P = .01), diffuse growth pattern (P = .02), larger tumor size (≥2 cm) (P = .03), histopathological diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma (P = .02), and orbital invasion or invasion of adjacent structures (T3 or T4) (P &lt; .001) emerged as significant predictors of reduced recurrence-free survival. Using multivariate analysis, a higher T category (T3 or T4) was the most important prognostic indicator of a poor outcome. Conclusions A higher T category (T3 or T4) is an important predictor of clinical outcome, and the use of the AJCC-TNM staging system is recommended in the management of all patients with OSSN. Longer sunlight exposure, larger tumor size (≥2 cm), orbital invasion or invasion of adjacent structures (T3 or T4), and a histopathological diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma are other clinicopathological features of prognostic relevance in patients with OSSN.
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Maurya, Rajendra Prakash, Vibha Singh, Kajal Pal, Shivangi Singh, Virendra P. Singh, and Kartika Anand. "Ocular surface squamous neoplasia: An overview." IP International Journal of Ocular Oncology and Oculoplasty 8, no. 1 (2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijooo.2022.001.
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Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is a diverse range of neoplasm arising from squamous epithelium of conjunctiva, limbus and cornea. OSSN is considered as a low grade malignancy but may be locally invasive and require exenteration. It has relatively high recurrence rate. It has multifactorial etiology and specific pathogenesis of lesion has yet to be attributed. Histopathology with immunohistochemistry is a gold standard diagnostic tool.This mini review highlights the pathogenesis, risk factors, various clinical manifestations, latest diagnostic tools and recent development in treatment of OSSN.
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Mudduveerappa, Bindu Malini, Feba Mary George, Darshan S M, Vidhi Krupesh Anklesaria, and Pooja Chabbi. "Treatment of ocular surface squamous neoplasia with topical 1% 5-fluorouracil." IP International Journal of Ocular Oncology and Oculoplasty 9, no. 1 (2023): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijooo.2023.010.
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Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is the most common type of ocular tumour. An eighty-year-old man with an elevated lesion in the right eye was diagnosed to have OSSN. 1% topical 5-FU was started as an intermittent treatment. Examination during each visit showed consistent reduction in size of lesion. The patient showed complete regression with no recurrence following treatment with 1% 5-FU at 3 months from presentation. Tropical treatment with 1% 5-FU provides excellent prognosis in cases of OSSN.
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Yadav, Saumya, Noopur Gupta, Rashmi Singh, et al. "Role of Conjunctival Ultraviolet Autofluorescence in Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia." Ocular Oncology and Pathology 6, no. 6 (2020): 422–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000509578.
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<b><i>Objective:</i></b> To evaluate the adjunctive role of conjunctival autofluorescence in the management of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN). <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Seventeen patients with clinically diagnosed OSSN were included. Morphological characteristics, type of OSSN, and autofluorescence photographs of the lesion were captured. Presence and area of conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence (CUVAF) were the main outcome measures. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Overall, 17 patients with 15 (88%) primary and 2 (12%) recurrent OSSN were included. Common locations were temporal (<i>n</i> = 10), nasal (<i>n</i> = 5), and diffuse variety (<i>n</i> = 2). Morphologically, there were 4 (22.2%) nodular, 4 (22.2%) leucoplakic, 3 (16.7%) gelatinous, and 1 (5.5%) each of papillary, nodulo-ulcerative, and diffuse variety. Mixed morphology was present in 4 eyes (22.2%). Sixteen of 18 eyes (88.9%) with OSSN displayed autofluorescence on CUVAF images. The mean area of CUVAF was 15.82 mm<sup>2</sup> (10.77–19.59 mm<sup>2</sup>). Autofluorescence was reported in 8 eyes (44.4%) which had negative reports on impression cytology. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Conjunctival autofluorescence was seen in the majority of cases with OSSN, in spite of negative cytology reports. Our study demonstrates that CUVAF may serve as an effective ancillary, non-invasive, and resource-friendly tool for supplementing the clinical diagnosis of OSSN, especially in diffuse and recurrent lesions that are not amenable to surgical intervention.
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Manderwad, Guru Prasad, Chitra Kannabiran, Santosh G. Honavar, and Geeta K. Vemuganti. "Lack of Association of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus in Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia in India." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 133, no. 8 (2009): 1246–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/133.8.1246.
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AbstractContext.—Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) represents a spectrum of ocular surface tumors ranging from intraepithelial to invasive. The genesis of OSSN is multifactorial, possibly including human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, the role of which is controversial.Objective.—To evaluate the role of high-risk HPV16 and HPV18 in OSSN.Design.—Retrospective and prospective noncomparative case series. In this study, histologically proven cases of OSSN were evaluated in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections (n = 50) and fresh tissues (n = 7) for the presence of HPV by polymerase chain reaction using MY09/MY11 consensus primers, HPV16 and HPV18 type-specific primers, and in situ hybridization–catalyzed reporter deposition (ISH-CARD). Cervical tumors (n = 19) along with SiHa and HeLa cell lines served as positive controls for HPV analysis.Results.—The study included 48 patients with OSSN who accounted for 57 specimens, with a median patient age of 28.5 years (range, 1.5–70 years). These specimens included 36 squamous cell carcinomas and 21 conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasias. All of the cases were found to be negative for high-risk HPV using polymerase chain reaction and ISH-CARD assay, whereas the SiHa and HeLa cell lines were appropriately positive. Of the cervical tumors that served as positive controls, 18 were positive for HPV16, and 1 was positive for HPV18.Conclusions.—Sensitive, type-specific polymerase chain reaction for detection of HPV16 and HPV18, polymerase chain reaction assay for consensus HPV sequences, and ISH-CARD did not show the presence of high-risk HPV in OSSN. Thus, HPV appears to play no significant role in the etiology of OSSN in India.
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Anggraini, Neni, Cecilia Anggraini, and Mutmainah Mahyuddin. "Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia di Rumah Sakit Rujukan Nasional Indonesia: Studi Deskriptif Observasional Lima Tahun." eJournal Kedokteran Indonesia 12, no. 1 (2024): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.23886/ejki.12.464.21-31.
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Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) merupakan tumor ganas konjungtiva tersering dan memiliki tingkat rekurensi tinggi. Studi ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh profil demografis, karakteristik klinis, evaluasi tatalaksana dan tingkat rekurensi pasien OSSN di Jakarta, Indonesia. Studi ini merupakan studi deskriptif retrospektif potong lintang menggunakan data rekam medis pasien terdiagnosis OSSN berdasarkan pemeriksaan histopatologi pada 2015 hingga 2020 di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo Kirana (RSCM), Jakarta, Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2020 hingga April 2021. Prevalensi OSSN selama lima tahun studi sebesar 0,9%. Pada studi ini, 61 pasien OSSN dengan karakteristik mayoritas adalah laki-laki (75,5%) berusia rata-rata 54,8 ± 2,4 tahun dengan faktor risiko paparan sinar matahari (68,4%) dan kebiasaan merokok (71,9%). Median onset yaitu 4 bulan dengan median durasi kontrol 5 bulan. Tanda klinis tersering adalah massa kemerahan di konjungtiva (44,3%), bersifat unilateral (98,4%), dengan tampilan klinis terbanyak berbentuk papiliformis (57,4%). Konjungtiva bulbi-limbus-kornea merupakan struktur bola mata yang paling sering terlibat (47,5%). Histopatologi tersering adalah squamous cell carcinoma (44,3%) dan conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (44,2%). Tatalaksana terbanyak berturut-turut adalah bedah eksisi luas dengan terapi ajuvan (47,6%), bedah eksisi luas (42%) dan Mitomycin C 0,04% topikal (4,9%). Tumor dengan lebih dari 1 lokasi memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan histopatologi invasif (p=0,013). Tingkat rekurensi didapatkan sebesar 14% dengan median periode rekuren 12 bulan.
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Anggraini, Neni, Cecilia Anggraini, and Mutmainah Mahyuddin. "Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia di Rumah Sakit Rujukan Nasional Indonesia: Studi Deskriptif Observasional Lima Tahun." eJournal Kedokteran Indonesia 12, no. 1 (2024): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.23886/ejki.12.464.21.
Full textAbstract:
Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) merupakan tumor ganas konjungtiva tersering dan memiliki tingkat rekurensi tinggi. Studi ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh profil demografis, karakteristik klinis, evaluasi tatalaksana dan tingkat rekurensi pasien OSSN di Jakarta, Indonesia. Studi ini merupakan studi deskriptif retrospektif potong lintang menggunakan data rekam medis pasien terdiagnosis OSSN berdasarkan pemeriksaan histopatologi pada 2015 hingga 2020 di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo Kirana (RSCM), Jakarta, Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2020 hingga April 2021. Prevalensi OSSN selama lima tahun studi sebesar 0,9%. Pada studi ini, 61 pasien OSSN dengan karakteristik mayoritas adalah laki-laki (75,5%) berusia rata-rata 54,8 ± 2,4 tahun dengan faktor risiko paparan sinar matahari (68,4%) dan kebiasaan merokok (71,9%). Median onset yaitu 4 bulan dengan median durasi kontrol 5 bulan. Tanda klinis tersering adalah massa kemerahan di konjungtiva (44,3%), bersifat unilateral (98,4%), dengan tampilan klinis terbanyak berbentuk papiliformis (57,4%). Konjungtiva bulbi-limbus-kornea merupakan struktur bola mata yang paling sering terlibat (47,5%). Histopatologi tersering adalah squamous cell carcinoma (44,3%) dan conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (44,2%). Tatalaksana terbanyak berturut-turut adalah bedah eksisi luas dengan terapi ajuvan (47,6%), bedah eksisi luas (42%) dan Mitomycin C 0,04% topikal (4,9%). Tumor dengan lebih dari 1 lokasi memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan histopatologi invasif (p=0,013). Tingkat rekurensi didapatkan sebesar 14% dengan median periode rekuren 12 bulan.
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Julius, Peter, Stepfanie N. Siyumbwa, Phyllis Moonga, et al. "Clinical and Pathologic Presentation of Primary Ocular Surface Tumors among Zambians." Ocular Oncology and Pathology 7, no. 2 (2021): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000511610.
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<b><i>Aim:</i></b> This study aimed to characterize the clinical and pathologic presentation of ocular surface tumors (OSTs) and to more precisely differentiate the grades of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) and benign lesions among Zambians. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Two-hundred sixty-five Zambian patients presenting with ocular surface growths, suspicious for OSSN, were recruited between November 2017 and November 2019 to a cross-sectional study to investigate their lesions. Sociodemographic data were collected, HIV infection status and vision tests were performed, and lesions were measured and documented. Lesions &#x3e;2 mm in diameter were excised and sent for pathology analysis. In addition to the biopsies, tears, blood, and buccal swabs were collected. CD4+ T-cell counts were measured by flow cytometry. Lesions were classified according to the WHO guidelines. χ<sup>2</sup> and bivariate correlations were used to analyze variable associations and strengths with phi/Cramer’s V and correlation coefficients, respectively. Binary logistics was used to adjust for covariance. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In this study, 68.3% of the participants were found to be HIV positive. The most frequent diagnoses were invasive OSSN (45.3%), preinvasive OSSN (29.1%), and pterygium (22.6%). Invasive OSSN comprised keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (87.5%), basaloid SCC (3.3%), and spindle cell carcinoma (3.3%). Unusual carcinomas, not described previously, included hybrid SCC (5.0%) and acantholytic SCC (0.8%). Invasive OSSN had advanced tumor (T3/T4) staging (93.3%) at diagnosis. Lymphadenopathy was rare (2.3%), and metastasis was absent. Patients were mostly female (59.2%). Median age was 36 (interquartile ranges 33–41) years (ranges 18–81). Patients with invasive OSSN were more likely to present with pain (<i>p</i> = 0.007), redness (<i>p</i> = 0.034), excessive tearing (<i>p</i> = 0.0001), discharge (<i>p</i> = 0.011), bleeding (<i>p</i> = 0.007), reduced vision (<i>p</i> = 0.0001), fungating lesion (<i>p</i> = 0.001), and blindness (<i>p</i> = 0.005); location at temporal limbus (<i>p</i> = 0.0001), inferior limbus (<i>p</i> = 0.0001), or circumlimbal (<i>p</i> = 0.001); and extension to cornea (<i>p</i> = 0.006) and forniceal palpebral conjunctiva (<i>p</i> = 0.001). Invasive OSSN was associated with any smoking habit and alcohol consumption (<i>p</i> = 0.04 and 0.03, respectively). HIV positivity was strongly associated with OSSN (74.6% OSSN vs. 49.3% benign lesions; <i>p</i> = 0.0001; phi: 0.237 [<i>p</i> = 0.0001]). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> OSTs are very common in Zambia and are strongly associated with HIV coinfection. Patients with OSSN were more likely to be HIV positive than those with pterygia. Despite the commonality of OSTs in sub-Saharan Africa, these cancers have historically been poorly characterized.
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Chauhan, Sheetal, Seema Sen, Anjana Sharma, et al. "p16INK4a overexpression as a predictor of survival in ocular surface squamous neoplasia." British Journal of Ophthalmology 102, no. 6 (2018): 840–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311276.
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AimsTo evaluate the expression and methylation status of the p16INK4a gene in early and advanced American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stages of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) and to correlate its association with clinicopathological features and survival.MethodsSixty-four (35 early and 29 advanced AJCC stage) patients with OSSN formed part of this study and were followed up for 36–58 (mean 48±3.6) months. Immunohistochemical expression of the p16INK4a protein and methylation status of the p16INK4a gene were determined by methylation-specific PCR.ResultsOverexpression of p16INK4a was observed in 18/64 (28%) and hypermethylation in 35/64 (54.7%) OSSN cases. A gradual significant increase in the expression of p16INK4a (0%–48%, P=0.03) and decrease in its methylation (75%–16%, P=0.001) was observed with disease progression from early to advanced tumour stage. Overexpression of p16INK4a was significantly associated with palpebral location and diffuse growth pattern in both early and advanced T stage. Hypermethylation of p16INK4a was significantly associated with history of longer sunlight exposure in both early and advanced T stage of OSSN cases. In advanced T stage, p16INK4a overexpression was associated with reduced disease-free survival (P=0.02) and poor prognosis (HR, 0.2; P=0.03).ConclusionsOSSN patients presenting at an advanced AJCC stage with p16INK4a overexpression may require more aggressive treatment. Epigenetic inactivation of the p16INK4a gene due to sunlight exposure could be responsible for pathogenesis of OSSN.
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Hariani, Avani, Parul Jain, Isha Gupta, and Gahan Reddy. "Topical pharmacotherapy for the management of ocular surface squamous neoplasia." Odisha Journal of Ophthalmology 30, no. 2 (2023): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/odjo.odjo_3_24.
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Abstract Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) encompasses a spectrum of dysplastic and neoplastic conditions affecting the conjunctiva and cornea, ranging from intraepithelial neoplasia to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Traditional management of OSSN has primarily involved surgical excision, often supplemented by cryotherapy. However, the emergence of topical pharmacotherapies has significantly transformed the treatment landscape, offering noninvasive alternatives that may reduce recurrence rates and preserve ocular surface integrity. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current topical pharmacotherapeutic agents used in OSSN, including interferon alpha-2b, 5-fluorouracil, and mitomycin C. We evaluate the mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, dosing regimens, and adverse effect profiles of these agents. In addition, the review discusses the selection criteria for topical versus surgical management, the role of adjuvant therapy, and the latest advancements in drug delivery systems. By synthesizing recent clinical trials and case studies, this article aims to guide clinicians in optimizing treatment strategies for OSSN, highlighting the potential of topical pharmacotherapy to improve patient outcomes while minimizing treatment-related morbidity.
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Tsatsos, Michael, Chryseis Delimitrou, Ioannis Tsinopoulos, and Nikolaos Ziakas. "Update in the Diagnosis and Management of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN)." Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 5 (2025): 1699. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14051699.
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Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) includes a variety of ocular surface tumors ranging from mild epithelial dysplasia to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. OSSN is one of the most frequent non-pigmented malignancies of the ocular surface. Debate persists between surgical excision and medical management concerning the optimal regimen for OSSN treatment, with surgical excision continuing to be the recognized standard of care in contemporary medicine. Medical and conservative therapy techniques have advanced significantly in recent years, leading to widespread use in everyday ophthalmology practice. This study aims to look into the efficacy of current treatment options for conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma and to evaluate the available evidence for the most up-to-date approach for the management of the disease.
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SS, Hegde, Pooja GS, Prakash DN, and Dharwadkar S. "A report on the outcome of topical mitomycin C as the primary treatment for ocular surface squamous neoplasia." Journal of Medical and Scientific Research 10, no. 2 (2022): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2022/10-16.
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Background: Although surgical excision is still the gold standard treatment for ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN), interest in conservative medical approaches is steadily growing due to its advantages. The clinical outcome of topical mitomycin C (MMC) as the primary treatment for OSSN was reported. The primary outcome measure was clinical regression of the tumour. The secondary Outcome measures were duration of treatment, possible side effects and recurrences. Materials and methods: In this prospective study 11 patients with the diagnosis of OSSN were included. All were treated with mitomycin C eye drops 0.02% 4 times daily for 4 days a week. Results: Out of the 11 patients, complete tumour regression was achieved in 6 (54.5%) patients. The remaining 5 patients reported partial tumour regression. Mean duration of treatment was 6 weeks. The most common side effect noted was eye irritation. The side effect was transient and resolved with the cessation of treatment. No recurrence was observed during the follow up. Conclusion: Topical chemotherapy can be tried as primary treatment in all patients with OSSN as it can cause complete or partial tumour regression with negligible side effects. Keywords: ocular surface squamous neoplasia; mytomycin C; tumour regression
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Nava-Castañeda, Ángel, Joaquín Hernández-Orgaz, Lilia Garnica-Hayashi, et al. "Management of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia with Topical and Intralesional Interferon Alpha 2B in Mexicans." Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology 10, no. 2 (2018): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v10i2.18574.
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Introduction: Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is the most common nonpigmented ocular surface neoplasm and it can originate from the conjunctiva and/ or corneal epithelium. Since the rate of recurrence after surgical excision is high, chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic agents such as interferon alpha-2b (IFN α-2b) have been used for its treatment.
 Objective: Our objective is to describe the demographic variables of patients with OSSN treated with IFN α-2b and to describe the outcomes of its use in Mexican patients, treated between 2011 and 2017 at Instituto de Oftalmología Fundación Conde de Valenciana.
 Materials and Methods: This is a non-randomized retrospective interventional case series. We reviewed the files of patients older than 18 years, with clinical and/or histopathological diagnosis of OSSN, treated with IFN α-2b alone or in combination with surgery, with a minimum of 6 months follow-up. We studied demographic variables, such as gender, age, eye affected and associated risks factors; we also studied the type of therapy with interferon (topical, intralesional and/or associated with surgery), time of treatment, time of follow up, recurrences and complications.
 Results: A total of 39 patients were included. The mean age of diagnosis was 61 ± 16 years and OSSN was more frequent in males (64.1% of cases). Most of the cases (43.6%) had no identifiable risk factors. The mean time of IFN α-2b treatment was 5 ± 2 months, being higher in the intralesional group (6.5 months) than in the topical group (4.2 months). The clinical resolution with the use of IFN α-2b was evidenced between 0.5 and 10 months, being achieved in 87.1% of the patients.
 Conclusions: The use of IFN α-2b is effective for the treatment of OSSN with a high success rate (87.1%) and a low incidence of relapse (5 cases), with no reported complications during follow up.
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Shrestha, Eliya, Laxman Banstola, Indra Man Maharjan, et al. "Assessing Profile and Treatment Outcome in Patients of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN)." Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology 11, no. 2 (2019): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v11i2.27825.
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Purpose: This study has attempted to assess the profile and treatment outcome of patients with OSSN and report the recurrence rate following treatment of primary OSSN.
 Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, non-comparative hospital based observational study. The case files of OSSN patients from Jan 2010 to Dec 2017were assessed. The study site was Himalaya Eye Hospital, Gharipatan, Pokhara. This hospital is the only eye hospital in province 4, Nepal. All the files of suspicious cases of conjunctival mass or OSSN were reviewed. Data regarding demographic characteristics, vision acuity, involved eye, clinical features, conjunctival lesion type, duration of symptoms, preoperative clinical diagnosis, history, other eye disease, associated systemic diseases, occupation as well as treatment modalities of the patients and its outcome were taken.
 Results: Out of 40 cases, females were 21(52.5%) vesus 19(47.5%) male. Amongthem, 19 patients had keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, 17 had conjunctiva intraepithelial squamous neoplasia and 4 had invasive squalors cell carcinoma. Predominance age group was 15-59 age (25/40, 62.5%), among which 12 had keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, 11 conjunctival intraepithelial squamousneoplasia and 2 had invasive squamous cell carcinoma conjunctival lesion. The mean duration of symptoms was about nine months (S.D. = 5.972). The mean size of lesion mass was 3.28 mm (SD=1.569). More than half of the cases (55%, 22/40) had the mass located at nasal limbus. 95% (38/40) cases underwent lesion total excision and direct closure and 5% (2/40) underwent lesion excision followed by Amniotic Membrane grafting. Only 5% (2/40) cases, those who had undergone lesion excision, the lesion recurrence was observed during follow up period of 31 months.
 Conclusion: The outcome of the OSSN following the treatment was found to be satisfactory. Further studies with prolonged follow-up are recommended to evaluate the risk of recurrence and other adverse effects.
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Diaz, Mary Ellaine S., Justin Alan Yao, and Gary John V. Mercado. "Clinical profile and outcomes of ocular surface squamous neoplasia at the Philippine General Hospital: a retrospective study." International Journal of Ophthalmology 18, no. 1 (2025): 132–38. https://doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2025.01.16.
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AIM: To evaluate the demographics, clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of patients with ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) at the Philippine General Hospital. METHODS: This was a single-center, 11-year retrospective, cross sectional case series on 18 cases of OSSN seen between January 2012 to June 2023. The patient’s demographics, presenting symptoms, tumor characteristics, histopathologic diagnosis, treatment, outcomes, and duration of follow-up were reviewed. RESULTS: Out of 33 identified cases of OSSN, only 18 were eligible for inclusion in the study. Mean age was 60.78y (range 31 to 80), with male predominance (66.67%). The left eye was most commonly affected (61.11%) with most presenting with fleshy mass (83.33%). Most tumors were located nasally (66.67%) and were predominantly papilliform (44.44%) in morphology with associated hyperpigmentation (38.89%). Squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) was the most common histopathologic diagnosis (72.22%). The main primary treatment was surgical excision (94.44%) with or without adjunctive therapy, with only 1 patient undergoing first-line topical chemotherapy. Only 3 recurrences (16.67%) were noted with a median follow-up of 7.5mo. A statistically significant recurrence-free odds leaning towards the utilization of cryotherapy was noted. CONCLUSION: OSSN seen at the Philippine General Hospital is presented as a limbal papilliform mass, most commonly affecting elderly males. Surgical excision with adjuvant cryotherapy and/or chemotherapy is the preferred mode of treatment.
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Kumar, Dhivya Ashok, and Amar Agarwal. "Giant ocular surface squamous neoplasia evaluated by spectral domain-optical coherence tomography." Indian Journal of Ophthalmology - Case Reports 4, no. 2 (2024): 561–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijo.ijo_2484_23.
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Giant ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is difficult to manage due to extensive surface involvement and postsurgical complications. Preoperative evaluation by spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) can aid in detecting the limits in the needed tissue excision, residual corneal bed, and epithelial transition in all quadrants of the limbus. We present a case of giant OSSN managed surgically with preoperative SD-OCT evaluation for excision with margin clearance and minimal complications. The postoperative period was uneventful with a clear cornea without limbal stem cell deficiency and recurrence.
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Das, Sucharita, Neeti Gupta, Amit Kumar, Sonal Saran, and Arvind Kumar. "Recurrent ocular surface squamous neoplasia treated with orbital exenteration." Indian Journal of Ophthalmology - Case Reports 4, no. 1 (2024): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijo.ijo_1235_23.
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Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) consists of an array of dysplastic, pre-invasive and malignant squamous lesions that impair the ocular surface. We report a case of a 61-year-old female with recurrent OSSN and had chronic hepatitis B. She was managed surgically, excision of the lesion and cryotherapy with amniotic membrane grafting with topical Mitomycin C 0.02% was performed. She came back with recurrence after 8 months and was managed with 6 cycles of Mitomycin C. After 9 months she reported back with recurrence with light perception vision and underwent orbital exenteration.
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Jhunjhunwala, Aditi, and Kriti Bhatt. "To study the clinical course and management of recurrent OSSN in HIV positive patient in Eastern Uttar Pradesh." IP International Journal of Ocular Oncology and Oculoplasty 9, no. 3 (2023): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijooo.2023.029.
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We present a case of recurrent OSSN in HIV positive individual and its successful management. Patient presented to us with slow growing painless greyish mass in temporal area in interpalpebral region. He was diagnosed with HIV 2 years back and was on HAART regimen. He underwent excision for a similar looking mass in same eye 2 years back at the same time he was diagnosed with HIV. On local examination, a greyish white raised nodular gelatinous mass with feeder vessel was seen. It did not involve cornea and took up staining with rose bengal stain. complete excision biopsy using no-touch technique with a margin clearance of 4 mm followed by mitomycin-C and the remaining conjunctival defect closed with amniotic membrane graft was done. Histopathology confirmed OSSN. No recurrence was seen at 2-year follow-up.HIV shows a strong relation with OSSN and also with recurrent disease. Histopathology should always be done in interpalpebral mass excision in HIV positive patients as the recurrence rate is higher with more aggressive tumour.
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Antonietta Blasi, Maria, Martina Maceroni, Maria Grazia Sammarco, and Monica M. Pagliara. "Mitomycin C or interferon as adjuvant therapy to surgery for ocular surface squamous neoplasia: comparative study." European Journal of Ophthalmology 28, no. 2 (2017): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/ejo.5001035.
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Background: Traditionally, surgical excision has been the treatment of choice for ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN). Recurrences after surgery are high. To reduce the risk of recurrence, adjuvant therapies have been increasingly used. Purpose: We compared recurrences and complications of 3 forms of treatment for OSSN: surgical excision (group A), surgical excision plus adjuvant topical mitomycin C (MMC) (group B), and surgical excision plus subconjunctival interferon-α-2b (IFN-α-2b) (group C). Methods: A retrospective comparative study was conducted between January 2006 and March 2016 at the Ocular Oncology Service of the Catholic University of Rome. Seventy-nine patients with a confirmed histological diagnosis of OSSN were included: 43 were treated with surgical excision (group A), 16 underwent surgical excision plus topical MMC (group B), and 20 underwent surgical excision plus adjuvant subconjunctival IFN-α-2b (group C). Results: The recurrences were different in the 3 groups. Thirty-one recurrences (72%) were seen in group A, 5 (31%) were found in group B, and 3 (15%) were seen in group C. Eight (50%) patients who received MMC 0.02% complained of ocular discomfort, 10 (62.5%) presented conjunctival hyperemia, while conjunctival chemosis and corneal epitheliopathy were noticed in 2 (13%) and 2 (13%) patients, respectively. All patients treated with subconjunctival IFN-α-2b reported flu-like symptoms. Two patients (10%) complained of ocular discomfort. Conclusions: Our study revealed that OSSN is not always manageable with simple excision. Adjuvant chemotherapy is strongly advisable after surgery to reduce recurrences. Interferon injections and MMC drops are effective in preventing recurrences and should be administered after surgery.
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Sharjeel, Muhammad, and Farooq Ul Abidin. "OCULAR SURFACE SQUAMOUS CELL NEOPLASIA IN A 25 YEARS MAN FROM D.I.KHAN, PAKISTAN." Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences 18, no. 01 (2020): 37–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.46903/gjms/18.01.2108.
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Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is a term that describes the spectrum of abnormal growth of atypical squamous epithelial cells of the conjunctiva, cornea, and sclera. It is more common in people working for long in sun-exposed areas. It resembles other common ocular surface conditions such as pterygium, pinguecula, atopic conjunctivitis, diffuse episcleritis, chronic blepharoconjunctivitis which may result in the wrong diagnosis of the entity. Here we report a case of OSSN in a 25 years old man which was referred to us as a case of pterygium. An excisional biopsy revealed clusters of dysplastic squamous epithelial cells.
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Lee, Jun Kyu, Bo Kwon Son та Kyung Hyun Jin. "A Case of Combination Therapy of IFN-β1b and Mitomycin-C on Recurred Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia". Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 63, № 8 (2022): 712–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2022.63.8.712.
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Purpose: To report a case of combination therapy with interferon β1b (IFN-β1b) and mitomycin-C (MMC) for recurrent ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN).Case summary: A 72-year-old female presented with a white mass at the medial conjunctiva of the right eye. A gelatinous, nodular white lesion was observed near the medial limbus of the right eye. On histological examination, it was diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma in situ. A white nodule was found at the resection site 1 year after the resection. IFN-β1b (1 mIU/mL) and 0.02% MMC were administered daily with a diagnosis of recurrent OSSN. IFN-β1b was instilled four times a day for 1 month, while MMC was instilled four times a day for 4 weeks. After 1 month of the combination treatment, the lesion disappeared. MMC was stopped, while IFN-β1b was reduced to twice daily instillation, maintained for 1 month, and then stopped. On examination 12 months after discontinuation of the combination treatment, there were no recurrences or drug-related complications.Conclusions: Combination therapy with IFN-β1b and MMC for recurrent OSSN after surgical resection was relatively safe with no major complications.
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Thulaseedharan, Sinumol S., Ajithkumar V. Raghavan, Ashwati Sankar, N. Sujatha, Sudha Vaikkakara, and T. Devu Krishna. "Efficacy of topical immunotherapy in the management of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN)– A retrospective analysis." Kerala Journal of Ophthalmology 35, no. 2 (2023): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/kjo.kjo_109_22.
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Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of topical immunotherapy with Interferon α 2b [INF- α 2b] drops with a concentration of 3 million international units per millilitre (3 MIU/ml), in the treatment of noninvasive Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN). Methods: A retrospective case record-based study of patients with noninvasive OSSN, who were treated with INF- α 2b drops (3 MIU/ml) during the period from January 2016 to January 2020 at a tertiary care centre in South India. The demographic details, clinical findings, slit lamp photographs, investigations, histopathological records, clinical course, mean duration of clinical and cytological resolution, any evidence of intolerance to treatment, failure to treatment, and recurrences were analysed. Results: Fourteen eyes of 12 patients were studied. The majority of patients were male (83%) and aged more than 50 years (83%). 64.28% of cases became disease free clinically and histopathologically in 3 months. 21.4% of cases showed partial resolution. Conclusion: Topical immunotherapy is an effective mode of treatment for noninvasive OSSN. The 3 MIU/mL dose of topical IFN-α2b drops helped in faster resolution. No recurrences were reported. No severe surface toxicity or intolerance was observed.
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Safa, Ben Aoun* Sonda Kammoun Yosra Maalej Takwa Sammouda Mariem Lachtar Amira Trigui. "Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Findings in Intraepithelial Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia." Alq J Med App Sci 6, no. 1 (2023): 142–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7793122.
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Background. Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is the most common non-pigmented tumor of the ocular surface. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and AS-OCT angiography (OCTA) are innovative and non-invasive imaging tools. However, their application in OSSN is still uncommon and not well described in the literature. We aim to describe the imaging characteristics of AS-OCT and AS-OCTA in a case of intraepithelial ocular surface squamous neoplasia. Observation. A 56-year-old female patient was presented to our department because of redness and foreign body sensation in both eyes. Eyelid malposition and superficial punctate keratitis were noted in both eyes. Examination of the left eye revealed a temporal conjunctival gelatinous lesion covering the cornea. AS-OCT of the LE's showed a hyperreflective superficial lesion and a sharp demarcation hyporeflective line between the lesion and the underlying normal cornea. OCTA confirmed the vascularised but not extensive nature of the lesion. Conclusion. AS-OCT and AS-OCTA are promising tools to aid in the identification and characterization of OSSN and its vascular network, and further studies should investigate their clinical utility.
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Jähnig, Angelika, Kristina Pfau, Peter Meyer, and Zisis Gatzioufas. "Schwere konjunktivale und korneale epitheliale Dysplasie: eine Fallserie." Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde 241, no. 04 (2024): 402–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-2202-3379.
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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund/Ziele Die Gruppe der Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN) zählt zu den häufigsten nicht pigmentierten Malignomen der Augenoberfläche. Histologisch zeigt sich dabei eine große Spanne von einer milden epithelialen Dysplasie bis hin zum invasiven Plattenepithelkarzinom. Weiterhin lässt sich zudem zwischen einer reinen Bindehaut- und zusätzlichen Hornhautbeteiligung unterscheiden. Bei Patienten, die sich nicht in regelmäßiger augenärztlicher Behandlung befinden, wird die Diagnose aufgrund von fehlenden Leitsymptomen in Frühstadien meist sehr spät gestellt. Die vorliegende Fallserie mit klinischen und histologischen Daten zum OSSN soll auf mögliche klinische Erscheinungsbilder, relevante Risikofaktoren, histologische und zytologische Besonderheiten sowie Therapieoptionen aufmerksam machen. Methoden Retrospektive Fallserie von Patienten mit histologisch gesicherter schwerer epithelialer Dysplasie der Bindehaut und Hornhaut im Sinne einer OSSN (Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia) an der Augenklinik des Universitätsspitals Basel. Demografische Daten, Symptome, Diagnostik (Fotodokumentationen, Bürstenbiopsie), Behandlung sowie zytologisches und/oder histologisches Material und Befunde wurden analysiert. Ergebnisse Wir berichten über 5 Patienten im Alter zwischen 41 und 92 Jahren zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnosestellung. Bei allen Patienten stellt sich im histologischen Befund eine schwere epitheliale Dysplasie dar, die sich in einem heterogenen klinischen Bild präsentiert. Es zeigt sich in allen Fällen eine von der Konjunktiva ausgehende Läsion, jeweils mit Limbusüberschreitung und einhergehender Hornhautbeteiligung. Die jeweilige primäre Behandlung umfasste eine operative Exzision. In einem Fall wurde diese aufgrund von rezidivierenden Metaplasien mehrfach notwendig und durch eine anschließende Mitomycin-C-Therapie ergänzt. Im klinischen Outcome ergaben sich große Unterschiede von einer vollständige Restitutio ad integrum bis hin zur Notwendigkeit einer Enukleation. Schlussfolgerung Das klinische Bild der OSSN präsentiert sich als sehr heterogen, was die initiale Diagnosestellung erschwert. Offizielle Behandlungsleitlinien bestehen dabei nicht, sodass sich die Therapie der Wahl zwischen den einzelnen Kliniken unterscheidet. Regelmäßige ophthalmologische Nachkontrollen sind auch nach vollständiger chirurgischer Exzision empfohlen. Mögliche relevante Begleiterkrankungen und Risikofaktoren sollten im Vorfeld der Therapie erfasst werden.
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Bitner, Derek, and Donald U. Stone. "Topical Therapy for Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia." US Ophthalmic Review 06, no. 02 (2013): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/usor.2013.06.02.154.
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Ocular surface squamous neoplasia, or OSSN, is a clinical spectrum often encountered in ophthalmic practice. The incidence varies depending on the population being studied, but is more common among less pigmented males with increased occupational ultraviolet (UV) exposure as well as among those living in closer proximity to the equator. The incidence increases with age; in younger patients, the presence of OSSN is often associated with another underlying disorder, such as the genetic defect in xeroderma pigmentosum, or immunosuppression as is seen in patients infected with HIV. The challenges of complete surgical excision in patients with extensive tumors, in addition to the high recurrence rates in some series, led to a search for nonsurgical treatment modalities. In addition to avoiding surgery, topical agents may offer the additional benefit of treating clinically unapparent disease. Due to the theoretic advantages of topical chemotherapy, multiple agents have been used in both the primary and adjuvant treatment of OSSN. Mitomycin, interferon alpha-2b, and 5-fluorouracil have all been utilized with success; mitomycin may invoke a greater risk for limbal stem cell failure, and interferon is well tolerated and effective but more expensive. Future developments in imaging and chemotherapeutics will likely continue to alter the treatment paradigm for ocular surface tumors.
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Onwubuya, Ifeyinwa Mary, Tunde Mark Owoyele, Olaejirinde Olaniyi Olaofe, and Kevin Nwabueze Ezike. "Morphological Spectrum of Orbitoocular Diseases in a Tertiary Health Centre in Keffi, North Central Nigeria." Advances in Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/619414.
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Aim. The aim of this study was to carry out a retrospective clinicopathological analysis of the ocular lesions requiring biopsy seen in the Department of Histopathology, Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Keffi, in North Central Nigeria.Materials and Method. A retrospective review of the clinicopathologic profile of orbitoocular lesions diagnosed at the FMC, Keffi, was done. Clinical and pathological data were obtained from the patients’ clinical records and original biopsy reports, respectively.Results. Sixty-six cases of orbitoocular lesions were reviewed for this study. Of the 54 cases investigated, 28 were HIV negative while 26 were HIV positive (37.1% of all cases). There were 30 cases of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN) with a male-to-female ratio of 0.9 : 1. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most frequent OSSN with 17 cases. The mean age of cases of SCC is 37.1 ± 7.6 SD (years). The mean age of carcinoma in situ is 35.8 ± 11.4 years.Conclusion. There was no significant difference in the sex distribution of patients with OSSN. It is probable that a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma may be encountered in about a year after diagnosis of a carcinoma in situ especially if the in situ carcinoma is left untreated or improperly treated.
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Khanna, Vanshika, Ram Kumar Jaiswal, and Dipti Wahi. "OSSN: An underrated neoplasia of the eye." IP International Journal of Ocular Oncology and Oculoplasty 9, no. 4 (2024): 200–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijooo.2023.043.
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: Ocular surface squamous cell carcinoma (OSSN) is a general term for various conjunctival tumors, including conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).: To evaluate the clinico-demographic characteristics and histopathological findings of ocular surface squamous cell carcinoma. : eyes of 47 patients aged 21 to 80 years with conjunctival tumors were included in the study and underwent excisional biopsy and subsequent histopathological examination. : Statistically significant associations were found with age, symptom duration, and lesion size (p&#60;0.05). Benign and preinvasive lesions are more common than invasive lesions.
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Kumar, Dhivya Ashok, and Amar. "Optical biopsy – Optical coherence tomography guided excision of ocular surface squamous neoplasia." IP International Journal of Ocular Oncology and Oculoplasty 8, no. 4 (2023): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijooo.2022.053.
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: To report the role of optical biopsy where the preoperative spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) features were used for surgical margin clearance in ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) excision.In this prospectiveinterventional studypatients with clinically diagnosed OSSNundergopreoperative SD OCT and mass was excised with 3mm clearance with respect to the extent on OCT. Corneal, conjunctival margins and lamellar sclera was evaluated histopathologically. Twelve eyes of 11 patients with mean age of 59.2 ± 12.2 were studied. Hyper reflective epithelium, increased thickness, abrupt transition of corneal epithelium and increase back shadow were the features of OSSN noted. The mean functional epithelial thickness and epithelial thickness were 137.5± 60.6µm and 58.5±10.8 µm respectively. The histopathology confirmed as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (n=4, 33.3%), carcinoma in situ (CIN) (n=8, 66.6%). In CIN 2 eyes were severe dysplasia and 6 were moderate dysplasia. Corneal clearance was noted as 100 %. Of 36 conjunctival margins, the positive margin noted in 6 eyes (50%). Nasal margin (n=3) and temporal (n=3) were the common margins. There was no difference in clearance between CIN (50%) or SCC (50%) on conjunctival side. Two eyes with recurrence required and revision excision subsequent topical chemotherapyOptical biopsy by SD OCT though is an effective method for OSSN removal. Corneal margins showed better margin clearance than conjunctival.
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Prasad, P. V. Tejaswi, Shanti Radha Krishnan, Naveen Radhakrishnan, Sahithya Bhaskaran, and N. Venkatesh Prajna. "OSSN in South India: Clinical presentation, treatment outcomes, and histopathologic correlations." Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 73, no. 4 (2024): 586–89. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.ijo_909_24.
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Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the clinical presentation, treatment outcomes, and histopathology features of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) in a South Indian population and correlate the area of lesions to the histopathological grade/severity of carcinoma in situ (CIN) and squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) invasive and noninvasive tumors. Methods: The study was a retrospective cross-sectional study. The study reviewed electronic medical records (EMRs) of 99 eyes of 99 South Indian patients who underwent en bloc excision and biopsy for tumors in the corneal and conjunctival epithelium with suspicion of OSSN over 1 year from January 2019 to December 2019. Postoperatively, patients were treated with three cycles of topical 0.04% mitomycin C eye drops. Sixty-three had requisite EMR data with a follow-up period of 1 year. Results: Patients had equal gender distribution with an age range of 28–83 years. The most common clinical variant was leukoplakic lesion, and the area of the lesion was the only predicting factor for SqCC and CIN. Conclusion: Bigger (T2) lesions should be strongly suspected for OSSN and promptly excised. Histopathologic analysis should be performed, and post-op topical mitomycin C or interferon alpha 2b is administered to avoid recurrence. In this study, by correlating the area of the lesion, we introduce a new variable that may aid in clinical prognostication alongside the AJCC classification.