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1
Gillberg, Peter. "Bone Metabolism in Men." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2001. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5165-9/.
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Caird, Lucy Elizabeth. "Hypo-oestrogenic states and bone density." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335499.
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Osteoporosis is emerging as an important public health problem at an enormous cost to the National Health Service. This thesis observes the effects of certain states of hypo-oestrogenism, seen naturally during breast feeding and after the menopause, and the pathological states seen in hyperprolactinaemia and hypogonadotrophic amenorrhoea. It also observes the drug-induced situation resulting from the use of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue, goserelin. Bone density was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). This is very acceptable to subjects since the radiation dose is small and the low reproducibility makes short term longitudinal study possible. A biochemical assessment was also made measuring plasma osteocalcin and the cross-links pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline excreted in the urine. In the group of early menopausal women we were unable to predict absolute BMD at either lumbar spine or femoral neck from personal risk factors. Body weight was the strongest predictor of bone density at each site. Rates of bone loss were greatest in the smokers and in those closest to their last menstrual period. The biochemical assessment was unhelpful. Those women with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism had significantly lower bone density than age-matched normals. These were mainly young women with weight loss-related amenorrhoea. Those women with hyperprolactinaemia had a very normal bone density. In both groups no change in bone density was seen over the study period. The greatest reductions in bone density were seen in the breast feeding women and in those receiving treatment with the GnRH analogue, goserelin. In summary, the observed situations have resulted in changes in bone density. The magnitude of these changes are small and it is not clear how these small changes influence clinical outcome.
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Ormarsdóttir, Sif. "Osteoporosis in chronic liver disease /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2001. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5021-0/.
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Kemp, John Peter. "Genetic determinants of bone mineral density and osteoporosis." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.682725.
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Bone mineral density (BMD) is a highly heritable trait, indicating that genetic elements are partly responsible for variation in osteoporosis risk. To further understand the genetic variation underlying osteoporosis, I performed genome-wide association (GWA) studies using designs that have largely not been performed in osteoporosis literature to date. Three strategies were used: i) a selected sample of postmenopausal women with high (z ~ 1.5, n = 1,055) or low (z≥1.5, n = 900) hip BMD [as measured by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)] were used for GWA, followed by replication in an unselected sample of 20,898 adults, ii) a GW A meta-analysis on unselected children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children [ALSPAC (n = 5,330)] and the Generation R study [GEN-R (n = 4,098)], using DXA derived total-body less head BMD (TBLH-BMD) measures, iii) refining total-body BMD measures in children by subregional analysis: i.e. quantifying the genetic and environmental correlation between paediatric BMD measures [ALSPAC (n≥5,299)] of the skull (S-BMD), lower limb (LL-BMD) and upper limb (UL-BMD) using genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCT A) and thereafter performing a GWA meta-analysis on each site using subjects from ALSPAC and GEN-R (n ~ 9,300). The role of bone resorption in bone growth and accrual was investigated via a cross-sectional analysis of 1,130 adolescents from ALSPAC using serum measures of ,β-C-telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX) and quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) measures of the mid-tibia. Two novel BMD associated loci were identified using the selective genotyping strategy: GALNTJ (rs6710518, P = 1.4x lO· 10) and RSP03 (rsI3204965, P = 3.0x lO· 10). Association studies of paediatric TBLH-BMD identified a novel variant in RlN3 (rs754388, P = 3.0x 10.9) and replicated 31 adult BMD associated loci, with six reaching the GWA threshold of association (P < 5.0x 10·R). Sub-regional GCT A analysis indicated that appendicular sites shared a greater proportion of genetic architecture (LL-/UL-BMD rg=0.78, P = 1 x 10.7) when compared to the skull [(UL-/SBMD rg = 0.58, P = 9x l0·7) and (LL-/S-BMD rg = 0.43, P = l x lO'~)]. GWA meta-analysis echoed these findings by identifying twelve known BMD-associated variants that differed in the strength of their association and magnitude of effect with each sub-region. In particular, variants at the WNTl6 and RSP03 showed considerable site-specificity as indicated by strong association with S-BMD and/or UL-BMD, but not with LL-BMD. An investigation into the role of bone resorption in adolescent bone suggested that CTX was positively related to periosteal circumference (PC) [,8 = 0.19 (0 .13, 0.24)] (coefficient = SD change per SD increase in CTX, 95% Cl)], but inversely associated with cortical BMD [,8 = -0.46 (-0.52, -0.40)] and positively related to bone strength as reflected by the strength-strain index (SSI) [,8 = 0.09 (0 .03 , 0.14)]. These relationships were replicated using genetic proxies for bone resorption . . These results suggest that the selective sampling GWA strategy represents an efficient alternative to conventional random sampling designs. However the real world feasibility of selective sampling is questionable, as it requires extensive phenotyping in order to ensure adequate sample size and study power is obtained. BMD measures of children are well suited for GW A, however the replication of adult BMD associated SNPs implies that many of the BMD associated loci identified operate throughout the life course. Whether this strategy enriches for genetic factors involved in bone modelling remains to be seen. BMD at different skeletal sites appears to be influenced by distinct genetic and environmental influences, suggesting that phenotypic refinement of BMD may represent a superior GW A strategy, when compared to using heterogeneous BMO measures (i .e TBLH-BMO). Finally, bone resorption might play an important role in paediatric bone growth, accrual and strength.
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Welsh, Linda Jane. "The effects of exercise on bone mineral density." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338834.
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Fatayerji, Diana. "Effect of age on bone mineral density, bone turnover and calcium homoeostasis in men." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286976.
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Keen, Richard William. "Genetic epidemiology of postmenopausal osteoporosis." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2000. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/genetic-epidemiology-of-postmenopausal-osteoporosis(15d66e32-f0bb-4b51-9e82-60646699d319).html.
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Koligliatis, Thanos. "A scattering method for bone density measurements with polychromatic sources." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283964.
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Hosie, C. J. "Measurement of bone density using I-125 computed tomography." Thesis, Open University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370939.
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Osteoporosis is a painful condition characterised by a reduced bone mineralisation resulting in an increased fracture risk. A precise measurement of skeletal mineral is important for early diagnosis and for monitoring the response to treatment. This thesis presents the design and evaluation of a specialised scanner capable of measuring trabecular bone in the radius. The anatomy and physiology of bone and the changes related to ageing and bone disease are reviewed in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 decribes and compares the various non-invasive methods of bone measurement developed in the last 25 years. The most precise method was I-125 computed tomography of the peripheral skeleton. The principles and practical implementation of computed tomography are fully discussed in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 describes a single detector bone scanner and includes the design process, the hardware and the specialised computer software. The novel use of a variable translation speed was found to significantly reduce the measurement time per slice. To further reduce the scanning time a multi-detector version of the scanner was designed (Chapters 5 & 6). Slice measurements were acquired in about two minutes and the use of a scanning radiography permitted axial re-positioning to within 2mm. A technical evaluation of the scanner showed that the scanner had excellent inherent precision and that the radiation dose to the patient was very low (Chapter 7). A measurement technique was developed (Chapter 8) which enabled trabecular bone to be measured with a reproducibility of 0.5% in patients. Comparisons with spine measurements showed that the two sites were well correlated when similar proportions of trabecular and cortical bone were measured (Chapter 9). Osteoporotic patients were found to have lost proportionally greater amounts of trabecular bone. Provisional results from serial measurements indicate that bone may be lost in a step-like pattern.
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Ramsdale, Sally Jean. "Bone mineral density in women : effects of exercise and changes in body mass." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262212.
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McGartland, Claire. "Correlates of bone mineral density in adolescence : the Northern Ireland Young Hearts Project." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252420.
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Löfman, Owe. "Osteoporosis in women : epidemiological and diagnostic perspectives /." Linköping : Univ, 2002. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2002/med737s.pdf.
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Borgström, Fredrik. "Health economics of osteoporosis /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-781-2/.
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Khaleque, Nazrul. "Quantitative elemental and molecular mapping of undemineralised tissue using x-ray microscopy." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243822.
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Frost, Michelle Lorraine. "Evaluation of quantitative ultrasound in the diagnosis of osteopenia and osteoporosis." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2000. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/evaluation-of-quantitative-ultrasound-in-the-diagnosis-of-osteopenia-and-osteoporosis(22600f1a-1991-467f-a98c-11fb91a0893c).html.
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Eaton-Evans, Margaret Jill. "The effect of copper supplementation on vertebral trabecular bone mineral density in middle-aged women of Northern Ireland." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261027.
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Torgerson, David J. "The economics of bone density screening and the subsequent use of hormone replacement therapy." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362231.
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The work contained in this thesis explores the economic issues of screening women, and the subsequent use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), for the prevention of osteoporosis. The thesis is divided into five sections. In the first section the background to the problem is described as are the relevant economic evaluation techniques. In addition, the relevant economic literature is reviewed. The second section of the thesis, contains the results of research aimed at estimating the costs of population screening followed by treating the women at highest risk. The three chapters in this section address the following issues: estimating total screening costs; developing an economic definition of at risk status; and describing the HRT compliance rate after screening and its associated costs. In the third section the consequences of screening are examined. Hence, the osteoporosis risk profile of non attenders is described and the effects of HRT on women's quality of life is explored. Finally, this section is completed with a study looking at the predictive value of bone density screening. The fourth section is a synthesis of all the costs and consequences described in the preceding sections with relevant additional information from the literature. This section shows that screening perimenopausal women will be very expensive in terms of cost per quality adjusted life years (QALY) gained. In contrast, screening women and treating them when they are aged 70 appears to generate a relatively low cost per QALY. The final, fifth section, of the thesis describes outstanding research issues which need to be addressed before any screening programme is implemented.
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Xiao, Sumei. "Genome-wide association study of bone mineral density in Chinese." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2010. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43703628.
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Farrell, Vanessa. "Nutrients and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195768.
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This dissertation’s three studies investigated the short and long-term relationships of bone-related nutrient intakes with bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. This dissertation compared the equivalency of dietary intakes assessed by eight days of diet records (DR) and the Arizona Food Frequency Questionnaire (AFFQ) at one year. It also determined the association of one year (DR) and the average of four-year (AFFQ) dietary intakes with cross-sectional BMD. The dietary intake associations with BMD were further investigated by hormone therapy (HT). Participant’s BMD was measured at the lumbar spine (L2-L4), femur trochanter, femur neck, Ward's triangle and total body using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Separate multiple linear regression analysis (p≤0.05), controlled for various covariates, were used to examine the associations between dietary intakes and regional and total body BMD. In study number one (n=266), significant correlations (r=0.30-0.70, p≤0.05) between dietary assessment methods were found with all dietary intake variables. Iron, magnesium, zinc, dietary calcium, phosphorous, potassium, total calcium, and fiber intakes were positively associated with BMD at three or more of the same bone sites regardless of the dietary assessment method at one year. In study number two (n=266), femur trochanter, lumbar spine, and total body BMD had mostly significant inverse associations with dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake at one year. In the HT group (n=136), inverse associations with dietary PUFA intake were seen in the spine and total body BMD. In study number three (n=130), average dietary intake of selected bone-related nutrients, were significantly inversely associated with lumbar spine BMD and total body BMD at year four. In the HT group (n=92), inverse associations with dietary PUFA intake were seen in the spine and total body BMD. The DR and AFFQ are acceptable dietary tools used to determine the associations of particular nutrients and BMD sites in healthy postmenopausal women at one year. At one and four year, dietary PUFA intakes had mostly inverse associations with lumbar spine and total body BMD. When categorized by HT use the associations remained significant only in the HT groups, suggesting that HT may influence dietary intake associations with BMD.
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Sun, Yurong. "Ultrasound characterization of structure and density of coral as a model for trabecular bone." Link to electronic version, 2000. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0808100-001812/.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute.<br>Keywords: angular decorrelation function; impulse response; BUA; BMD; ultrasound; coral; trabecular bone; osteoporosis. Includes bibliographical references (p. 189-191).
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Holohan, So-Jin Park. "New indices for the assessment of skeletal metabolism using plasma clearance of bone seeking tracers." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322866.
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Ormarsdóttir, Sif. "Osteoporosis in chronic liver disease." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-660.
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<p>Ormarsdóttir, S. 2001. Osteoporosis in Chronic Liver Disease. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. <i>Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine</i> 1037. 60 pp. Uppsala. ISBN 91-554-5021-0. </p><p>Osteoporosis is a well-known and frequently reported complication of chronic liver disease (CLD) with a high fracture rate contributing to significant morbidity after liver transplantation. The pathogenesis is unknown and controversy exists about many risk factors for osteoporosis in CLD. </p><p>In the present thesis, bone mineral density (BMD) was found to be significantly lower at the lumbar spine (<i>p</i><0.01) in a cohort of patients with CLD compared with age- and gender -matched individuals. Osteoporosis was found in 30% of the patients and 15% of the controls, respectively. Low body mass index (BMI), corticosteroid treatment, prothrombin time, age and female gender were independent risk factors for osteoporosis in the patients. </p><p>In a follow-up study, 43 of 72 patients were available for a second BMD measurement 25 months (median) after the first. Bone loss at the femoral neck was 1.5 ± 2.4% in females and 2.9 ± 2.0% in males with a significant decrease in BMD Z-score over time (<i>p</i>=0.005 and <i>p</i>=0.02 for females and males, respectively), indicating increased bone loss at this site. Hyperbilirubinaemia and low circulating levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D<sub>3</sub> predicted increased bone loss at the femoral neck. These findings suggest that cortical bone, in addition to trabecular bone, may be affected in CLD and bilirubin and vitamin D<sub>3</sub> may be involved in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis in CLD. </p><p>In order to elucidate the suggested role of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and leptin in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis in CLD, we studied the relationship between these factors and BMD. Levels of IGFs were extremely low (<i>p</i><0.0001 compared with the controls) and related to liver function but no correlation was found between the IGFs and BMD. Serum leptin adjusted for BMI correlated negatively with BMD in female patients (<i>p</i>=0.003 and <i>p</i>=0.04 at the lumbar spine and the femoral neck, respectively) and in male patients at the femoral neck (<i>p</i>=0.04). Thus, the IGFs appear not to be involved in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis in CLD but a role of circulating leptin is possible. </p>
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Cheung, Ching-lung. "Genetic linkage and association studies to identify candidate genes for bone mineral density variation in Southern Chinese." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/b40203281.
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Schulz, Matthias C., Jan Kowald, Sven Estenfelder, et al. "Site-Specific Variations in Bone Mineral Density under Systemic Conditions Inducing Osteoporosis in Minipigs." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-230646.
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Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease with an increasing prevalence in the elderly population. There is conflicting opinion about whether osteoporosis affects the alveolar bone of the jaws and whether it poses a risk to the osseointegration of dental implants. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of systemic glucocorticoid administration on the jaw bone density of minipigs. Thirty-seven adult female minipigs were randomly divided into two groups. Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) was used to assess bone mineral density BMD of the lumbar spine as well as the mandible and maxilla, and blood was drawn. One group of minipigs initially received 1.0 mg prednisolone per kg body weight daily for 2 months. The dose was tapered to 0.5 mg per kg body weight per day thereafter. The animals in the other group served as controls and received placebo. QCT and blood analysis were repeated after 6 and 9 months. BMD was compared between the two groups by measuring Hounsfield units, and serum levels of several bone metabolic markers were also assessed. A decrease in BMD was observed in the jaws from baseline to 9 months. This was more pronounced in the prednisolone group. Statistically significant differences were reached for the mandible (p < 0.001) and the maxilla (p < 0.001). The administration of glucocorticoids reduced the BMD in the jaws of minipigs. The described model shows promise in the evaluation of osseointegration of dental implants in bone that is compromised by osteoporosis.
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Salminen, Helena. "Osteoporosis in elderly women in primary health care /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-371-9/.
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Jehle, Karen, Olivia Brown, Marion Slack, and Jeannie Kim Lee. "Efficacy of alendronate and risedronate on bone mineral density in men with osteoporosis or osteopenia: a meta-analysis." The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614240.
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Class of 2013 Abstract<br>Specific Aims: To determine efficacy of alendronate (ALN) and risedronate (RIS) for treatment of osteoporosis and osteopenia in men.
Methods: Literature search was primarily via PubMed. Inclusion criteria were: randomized controlled trials or observational studies assessing treatment of osteoporosis in men, either of primary or secondary etiology. Exclusion criteria were: minority population with baseline osteoporosis, inclusion of women, lack of control group. Primary outcomes were bone mineral density (BMD) of femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS); secondary outcomes were vertebral or non-vertebral fractures incidence. Data were synthesized using a random effects meta-analysis.
Main Results: Eleven ALN and six RIS studies were included; most provided LS and FN data, but trials longer than 1-year were infrequent (ALN 3, RIS 4) as were fracture data (ALN 4, RIS 3). For both FN and LS BMD, both drugs showed significant treatment effects at one and two-years (p<0.001). For FN BMD, 2-year treatment effects were ALN: SDM= 0.638, p<0.001; RIS: SDM= 0.391, p<0.001; heterogeneity was insignificant (p> 0.05). For LS BMD, treatment effects were: 2-year ALN: SDM= 1.206, p<0.001; 1-year RIS: SDM= 0.0.574; p<0.001; heterogeneity was insignificant (p>0.05). For fracture, both drugs showed significant treatment effects at vertebral sites: ALN: OR 0.450, p<0.05; RIS: OR 0.423, p=0.001; heterogeneity was insignificant (p>0.05). RIS also showed a promising effect at non-vertebral sites (p<0.05), however only two studies provided data at this site.
Conclusion: Both ALN and RIS are effective to increase BMD and decrease vertebral fracture occurrence in men with osteoporosis or osteopenia.
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Grahn, Kronhed Ann-Charlotte. "Community-based osteoporosis prevention : physical activity in relation to bone density, fall prevention, and the effect of training programmes : the Vadstena Osteoporosis Prevention Project /." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Univ, 2003. http://www.ep.liu.se/diss/med/07/88/index.html.
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Quinn, Courtney Elizabeth. "Women's Actions Related to Health Behaviors after Receiving Bone Mineral Density Results: An Exploratory Study." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35049.
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Bone densitometry is the only clinically acceptable and objective method for the accurate measurement of bone mineral density (BMD), bone mass, and the prediction of bone fracture risk. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the primary diagnostic bone densitometry tool used in clinical settings. A growing need exists to determine how health care professionals and women use the information obtained from DXA scans in the management of osteoporosis. Few studies have investigated physicians' recommendations and women's compliance related to detection and treatment of osteoporosis after receiving BMD results by DXA. No studies have investigated actions that women have taken after receiving BMD test results conducted by DXA. This descriptive, exploratory study assessed actions that women took and what they perceived their physicians did after receiving BMD results. Using a telephone survey, actions of 138 women, who participated in a previous study of bone health, were evaluated regarding osteoporosis detection, prevention, and treatment. Many women (62%) shared their BMD test results with health professionals. However, 75% of women with low BMD status and who shared their results with health care professionals reported that they did not receive recommendations for advanced tests. Moreover, these women did not receive recommendations for dietary intake changes (60%), medication use (72%), or other lifestyle changes (60%). Yet 58% of these women self-initiated behavioral changes after receiving their BMD test results. Of the women who changed their behaviors, 67% of postmenopausal women increased exercise. Ninety-two percent of these women indicated they would engage in BMD testing again.<br>Master of Science
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Skipper, Julie A. "Feasibility of Radiographic Absorptiometry of the Mandible as an Osteoporosis Screening Method." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1057695994.
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Hellström, Hans-Olov. "Bone and aluminium /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Universitetsbiblioteket [distributör], 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8181.
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Blevins, Shayne Philip. "Improving the identification of osteopenia the relationship between muscle power, body mass index and bone mass density /." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2008/S_Blevins_063008.pdf.
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Lee, B. C. Bob. "Probing the molecular mechanisms of how polymorphisms in Cerberus-like result in low bone mineral density." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39711481.
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Willig, Amanda Lynn. "Evaluation of Current Decision Rules and Healthcare Professional Practices for Detecting Osteoporosis Risk in the Young Adult Population." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9990.
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Osteoporosis is caused by a multitude of factors. An individual’s risk for experiencing a bone fracture as a senior citizen increases without early intervention. Healthcare professionals do not have access to validated survey tools to identify young adults in need of osteoporosis prevention education, although survey tools to identify postmenopausal women at high risk for low bone mass are available. The purposes of this study were to evaluate three of these survey tools for use in a younger population, and to determine if young adults with osteoporosis risk factors received bone health education from a health professional. Forty-two men and 41 women completed surveys and health questionnaires; responses were compared to bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) measurements. Healthcare professionals discussed bone health with only 13% of participants. Chi-square analysis revealed that health professionals were not more likely to discuss osteoporosis with subjects based on age or gender. Participants with T-scores ≤ -1.0 were not more likely to receive bone health education. Area under the receiving operating characteristic (AUROC) curves analysis revealed that no survey tools were able to identify moderate-risk participants at T-scores ≤ -1.0, and AUROC curves for all surveys did not exceed 0.525 at this level. Two surveys detected participants at high risk for bone disease with identical AUROC curves of 0.821 at a T-score ≤ -2.0, and 0.813 at a T-score ≤ -2.5. The AUROC curves indicate that current tools designed for older women do not detect young adults with moderately low T-scores.<br>Master of Science
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Cheung, Ching-lung, and 張正龍. "Genetic linkage and association studies to identify candidate genes for bone mineral density variation in Southern Chinese." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40203281.
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Määttä, M. (Mikko). "Assessment of osteoporosis and fracture risk:axial transmission ultrasound and lifestyle-related risk factors." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2013. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526200507.
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Abstract Osteoporotic hip fractures are associated with high mortality and morbidity rates as well as significant costs. Low-frequency (LF) axial transmission ultrasound is a promising modality for assessing mineral density and geometrical properties. Thus, it may yield additional information on the risk of osteoporotic fractures. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of LF ultrasound to assess osteoporotic status and the risk of fracture in postmenopausal women. Also, lifestyle-related risk factors of hip fractures and the additional discrimination value of combining lifestyle-related risk factors and LF ultrasound velocity were assessed. Two study populations were used. The first consisted of 1,222 older women. Lifestyle-related risk factors and mobility were assessed at baseline. The women were followed for 13 years and the fractures that occurred were recorded. A subgroup of the women was later measured with LF ultrasound and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The other study population included 95 postmenopausal women whose fracture history was gathered and bone status assessed with LF ultrasound, DXA and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Low body mass and impaired mobility predicted hip fractures. In addition, the risk of cervical hip fracture was increased by low physical activity and decreased by moderate coffee consumption and hypertension. Smoking and old age increased the risk of trochanteric hip fracture. The LF ultrasound velocity reflected to some degree the geometry and bone mineral density of the proximal femur. Decreased low-frequency ultrasound velocity was a significant risk factor of hip fracture even when combined with lifestyle-related risk factors. The LF ultrasound method showed similar fracture discrimination ability compared to DXA and pQCT, especially on the radius. In conclusion, the LF ultrasound method showed promising results in bone characterization and fracture discrimination. Further prospective studies with larger population are needed to confirm the combined effect of clinical risk factors and LF ultrasound<br>Tiivistelmä Osteoporoottisiin lonkkamurtumiin liittyy korkean sairastavuuden ja kuolleisuuden lisäksi huomattavat taloudelliset kustannukset. Tässä työssä tutkittiin matalataajuisen ultraäänitekniikan soveltuvuutta osteoporoosin ja murtumariskin arviointiin. Matalataajuista luun pituusakselin suuntaista ultraäänitekniikkaa voidaan käyttää luun mineraalitiheyden ja rakenteen tutkimiseen. Lisäksi tutkittiin elintapoihin liittyviä lonkkamurtuman riskitekijöitä sekä näiden yhdistämistä ultraäänimittaustulosten kanssa riskimalliin. Tutkimuksessa käytettiin kahta tutkimuspopulaatiota. Ensimmäisen muodosti 1222 ikääntynyttä naista, joiden elintavat ja liikuntakyky kartoitettiin tutkimuksen alussa. Kolmentoista vuoden seuranta-ajan aikana tapahtuneet murtumat kerättiin potilasarkistoista. Osa naisista osallistui matalataajuisella aksiaalisuuntaisella ultraäänellä tehtyyn mittaukseen ja kaksienergiseen röntgentutkimukseen (DXA). Toinen tutkimuspopulaatio koostui 95 postmenopausaalisesta naisesta. Naisten murtumahistoria kerättiin ja heille tehtiin matalataajuinen ultraäänimittaus sekä DXA- ja perifeerinen tietokonetomografiatutkimus (pQCT). Alhainen painoindeksi ja heikentynyt liikuntakyky lisäsivät lonkkamurtuman riskiä. Vähäinen fyysinen aktiivisuus lisäsi ja kohtalainen kahvinjuonti ja verenpainetauti alensivat reisiluun kaulan murtumariskiä. Tupakointi ja korkea ikä kasvattivat sarvennoisen alueen lonkkamurtuman riskiä. Matalataajuisen ultraäänen nopeus oli yhteydessä reisiluun yläosan geometriaan ja mineraalitiheyteen. Alhainen ultraäänen nopeus oli merkittävä lonkkamurtuman riskitekijä sekä yksin että yhdistettynä elintapamuuttujiin. Lisäksi ultraäänimenetelmä saavutti röntgenmenetelmiin (DXA ja pQCT) verrattavan erottelukyvyn murtumapotilaiden ja kontrollihenkilöiden välillä. Tutkittu ultraäänimenetelmä osoittautui lupaavaksi työkaluksi luun karakterisoinnissa ja murtumariskin arvioinnissa. Laajempia seurantatutkimuksia tulosten vahvistamiseksi tarvitaan erityisesti elintapoihin liittyvien riskitekijöiden ja ultraäänen yhdistämisen osalta
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Vautour, Line. "The effect of [beta]-blockers on bone mineral density and fractures in the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos) /." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112316.
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Objectives. beta-blockers can alter bone turnover and increase bone formation in animals. It is unknown whether beta-blockers have similar bone protective effects in humans. We aimed to estimate the effects of beta-blockers on bone mineral density (BMD) and fractures using data from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study, a large prospective cohort study.<br>Methods. All medications, including beta-blockers, taken at baseline and after five years of follow-up were recorded. BMD was measured at baseline. During the five years of follow-up, incident minimal trauma fractures were documented by yearly questionnaires. To compare users of beta-blockers to non-users while controlling for possible confounders, multiple linear regression was utilized to estimate between group differences in BMD and multivariate logistic regression was employed to estimate differences in fracture risk.<br>Results. Of the 9423 participants, 236 of 2884 males (8.2%) and 600 of 6539 females (9.2%) used beta-blockers at some point during the study. In men, beta-blocker users had differences of +1.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] -0.9%, 3.0%) and +1.2% (95% CI -0.5%, 4.0%) in baseline BMD at the total hip and at the lumbar spine, respectively, compared to non-users. In women, beta-blocker users had differences of +0.05% (95% CI -1.2%, 1.3%) and +0.2% (95% CI -1.3%, 1.7%) for the BMD of the total hip and the lumbar spine, respectively, compared to non-users. For users of beta-blockers at baseline, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for any minimal trauma fracture was 1.23 (95% CI 0.67--2.25) in men and 1.02 (95% CI 0.76--1.35) in women. Chronic use (user at baseline and year 5) in men had an OR for any minimal trauma fracture of 2.1 (95% CI 1.0--4.3). In women who used beta-blockers at baseline but not at year 5, the OR for hip fracture was 6.3 (95% CI 2.0--19.3). The risk of fractures for other sites was inconclusive owing to wide confidence intervals.<br>Conclusion. Despite relatively large numbers of subjects, wide confidence intervals do not permit strong conclusions with regards to the effect of beta-blockers on BMD in men. Using a 2% limit of clinical importance for BMD, there appears to be no effect of beta-blockers on BMD in women. There is some evidence from our study that beta-blockers may be associated with an increased risk of fractures in certain subsets of users.
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Hallström, Helena. "Coffee Consumption in Relation to Osteoporosis and Fractures : Observational Studies in Men and Women." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Ortopedi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-196332.
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During the past decades, the incidence of osteoporotic fractures has increased dramatically in the Western world. Consumption of coffee and intake of caffeine have in some studies been found to be associated with increased risk of osteoporotic fractures, but overall results from previous research are inconsistent. Despite weak evidence, some osteoporosis organisations recommend limiting daily coffee or caffeine intake. The primary aim of this thesis was to study the association between long-term consumption of coffee and bone mineral density (BMD), incidence of osteoporosis and fractures. A secondary aim was to study the relation between tea consumption and fracture risk. An increased risk of osteoporotic fractures in individuals who consumed ≥ 4 cups of coffee vs < 1 cup coffee per day was demonstrated in a study of 31,257 Swedish middle-aged and elderly women (a part of the Swedish Mammography Cohort - SMC) when calcium intake was low (< 700 mg/day). However, no higher risks of osteoporosis or fractures were observed in the full SMC with increasing coffee consumption. In the full SMC (n = 61,433) the follow-up was longer and the number of fractures was higher. Similarly, no statistically significant associations between consumption of coffee (≥ 4 cups of coffee vs < 1 cup) and incidence of osteoporotic fractures were observed in the Cohort of Swedish Men (COSM), including 45,339 men. Calcium intake did not modify the results from the investigations performed in the full SMC or COSM. Nonetheless, a 2 - 4% lower BMD at measured sites was observed in men participating in the PIVUS cohort and in women from a sub-cohort of the SMC who consumed ≥ 4 cups of coffee vs < 1 cup daily. Individuals with high coffee intake and rapid metabolism of caffeine had lower BMD at the femoral neck. No association between tea consumption and risk of fractures was found in the studies. In conclusion, the findings presented in this thesis demonstrate that high consumption of coffee may be associated with a modest decrease in BMD. However, there was no evidence of a substantially increased incidence of osteoporosis or fractures typically associated with osteoporosis.
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Peterson, Kimberly Sue. "Calcium-fortified beverage supplementation effects on bone mineral density and body composition in healthy young women." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/814.
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Li, Hoi-yee, and 李凱怡. "Identification of candidate genes for bone mineral density variation in Southern Chinese by integrating computational gene prioritization,linkage and association approaches." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45962200.
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Lee, B. C. Bob, and 李卜駿. "Probing the molecular mechanisms of how polymorphisms in Cerberus-likeresult in low bone mineral density." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39793771.
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Ascenzo, Del Rio Alessandro, and Hoefken Daniela Ramos. "Association between Bone Mass Density and Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta - Analysis." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624872.
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Objetivos
La calidad de vida en pacientes VIH positivo puede verse afectada por enfermedades como la osteoporosis u osteopenia. Múltiples estudios han investigado las causas de la disminución de densidad mineral ósea en esta población. El objetivo fue realizar una revisión sistemática y meta análisis para determinar la asociación entre el uso de TARGA (Tratamiento Antirretroviral de Gran Actividad) y la baja densidad mineral ósea en pacientes infectados.
Métodos
Se realizó una búsqueda en diversas bases de datos para identificar estudios transversales, casos y controles, cohortes y ensayos clínicos aleatorizados. Dos investigadores independientemente revisaron las bases de datos y un tercero intervino en caso de discrepancias. Se identificaron ocho estudios transversales y una cohorte que reportan la asociación entre la densidad mineral ósea en pacientes con VIH en TARGA versus paciente con VIH sin tratamiento.
Resultados
Ocho estudios transversales y una cohorte que reportan la asociación entre baja densidad mineral ósea y VIH en pacientes tratados versus pacientes sin tratamiento fueron obtenidos; la mayoría de baja calidad. Se realizó un meta análisis y los siguientes resultados fueron obtenidos. Los odds de osteopenia y osteoporosis en pacientes con VIH recibiendo TARGA versus pacientes sin tratamiento fue OR 1.03 CI 95%: 0.69-1.55; I2: 17% y OR 1.27 CI 95%: 0.67-2.38; I2: 5% respectivamente.
Conclusión
Nuestros resultados muestran que la evidencia no es suficientemente fuerte para determinar si el TARGA tiene un efecto verdadero sobre la DMO. Los resultados no fueron estadísticamente significativos, sin embargo la baja calidad de los estudios puede alterar las conclusiones. Se requirieren mayores estudios como cohortes con seguimiento a largo plazo y ajustados a datos antropométricos y propios de la enfermedad.<br>Objectives
Quality of life in HIV positive patients can be deteriorated by diseases like osteoporosis or osteopenia. Multiple studies have investigated the causes of reduced bone mineral density in HIV patients. The objective of our study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the association between the use of HAART (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy) and low bone mass density in HIV infected patients.
Methods
We searched several data bases to identify cross sectional, case controls, cohorts and randomized clinical trials. Two independent researchers reviewed the databases and a third investigator was involved in case of discrepancies. We identified eight cross-sectional studies and one cohort that reported the association between bone mineral density in patients with HIV in HAART versus patients with HIV naive treatment.
Results
Eight cross sectional studies and one cohort reporting the association between low bone mass density in HIV treated patients versus non-treated were retrieved; the majority with low quality. A meta-analysis was performed and the following results were obtained. The odds of osteopenia and osteoporosis in HIV-infected patients receiving HAART compared with naïve patients was OR 1.03 CI 95%: 0.69-1.55; I2: 17% and OR 1.27 CI 95%: 0.67-2.38; I2: 5% respectively.
Conclusion
Our results show that evidence is not strong enough to determine that HAART has an effect on BMD. Statistical significance was not found, nevertheless low quality studies jeopardize the conclusions. Further research is needed with larger cohorts with longer follow-up and adjusted to anthropometric and infection related data.<br>Tesis
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López, Picazo Mirella. "3D subject-specific shape and density modeling of the lumbar spine from 2D DXA images for osteoporosis assessment." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666513.
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Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease, with a significant morbidity and mortality caused by the increase of bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) is the gold standard technique for osteoporosis and fracture risk evaluation at the spine. However, the standard analysis of DXA images only provides 2D measurements and does not differentiate between bone compartments; neither specifically assess bone density in the vertebral body, which is where most of the osteoporotic fractures occur. Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT) is an alternative technique that overcomes limitations of DXA-based diagnosis. However, due to the high cost and radiation dose, QCT is not used for osteoporosis management. In this thesis, a method providing a 3D subject-specific shape and density estimation of the lumbar spine from a single anteroposterior DXA image is proposed. The method is based on a 3D statistical shape and density model built from a training set of QCT scans. The 3D subject-specific shape and density estimation is obtained by registering and fitting the statistical model onto the DXA image. Cortical and trabecular bone compartments are segmented using a model-based algorithm. 3D measurements are performed at different vertebral regions and bone compartments. The accuracy of the proposed methods is evaluated by comparing DXA-derived to QCT-derived 3D measurements. Two case-control studies are also performed: a retrospective study evaluating the ability of DXA-derived 3D measurements at lumbar spine to discriminate between osteoporosis-related vertebral fractures and control groups; and a study evaluating the association between DXA-derived 3D measurements at lumbar spine and osteoporosis-related hip fractures. In both studies, stronger associations are found between osteoporosis-related fractures and DXA-derived 3D measurements compared to standard 2D measurements. The technology developed within this thesis offers an insightful 3D analysis of the lumbar spine, which could potentially improve osteoporosis and fracture risk assessment in patients who had a standard DXA scan of the lumbar spine without any additional examination.<br>La osteoporosis es la enfermedad ósea más común, con una morbilidad y mortalidad significativas causadas por el aumento de la fragilidad ósea y la susceptibilidad a las fracturas. La absorciometría de rayos X de energía dual (DXA, por sus siglas en inglés) es la técnica de referencia para la evaluación de la osteoporosis y del riesgo de fracturas en la columna vertebral. Sin embargo, el análisis estándar de las imágenes DXA solo proporciona mediciones 2D y no diferencia entre los compartimentos óseos; tampoco evalúa la densidad ósea en el cuerpo vertebral, que es donde se producen la mayoría de las fracturas osteoporóticas. La tomografía computarizada cuantitativa (QCT, por sus siglas en inglés) es una técnica alternativa que supera las limitaciones del diagnóstico basado en DXA. Sin embargo, debido al alto costo y la dosis de radiación, la QCT no se usa para el diagnóstico de la osteoporosis. En esta tesis, se propone un método que proporciona una estimación personalizada de la forma 3D y la densidad de la columna vertebral en la zona lumbar a partir de una única imagen DXA anteroposterior. El método se basa en un modelo estadístico 3D de forma y densidad creado a partir de un conjunto de entrenamiento de exploraciones QCT. La estimación 3D personalizada de forma y densidad se obtiene al registrar y ajustar el modelo estadístico con la imagen DXA. Se segmentan los compartimentos óseos corticales y trabeculares utilizando un algoritmo basado en modelos. Se realizan mediciones 3D en diferentes regiones vertebrales y compartimentos óseos. La precisión de los métodos propuestos se evalúa comparando las mediciones 3D derivadas de DXA con las derivadas de QCT. También se realizan dos estudios de casos y controles: un estudio retrospectivo que evalúa la capacidad de las mediciones 3D derivadas de DXA en la columna lumbar para discriminar entre sujetos con fracturas vertebrales relacionadas con la osteoporosis y sujetos control; y un estudio que evalúa la asociación entre las mediciones 3D derivadas de DXA en la columna lumbar y las fracturas de cadera relacionadas con la osteoporosis. En ambos estudios, se encuentran asociaciones más fuertes entre las fracturas relacionadas con la osteoporosis y las mediciones 3D derivadas de DXA en comparación con las mediciones estándar 2D. La tecnología desarrollada dentro de esta tesis ofrece un análisis en 3D de la columna lumbar, que podría mejorar la evaluación de la osteoporosis y el riesgo de fractura en pacientes que se sometieron a una exploración DXA estándar de la columna lumbar sin ningún examen adicional.
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Hayawi, Lamia. "Assessment of an Evidence Practice Gap at the Population Level: Screening for Osteoporosis in Ontario." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37926.
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Osteoporosis is a common health problem and it is increasing in prevalence due to the increase in the aging population. The interest to treat osteoporosis has increased in recent years, due to availability of screening modalities, advances in medications that may prevent osteoporotic fractures. Many studies have showed the high medical and economic burden of the disease on the patients, their caregivers and on the health system.
Clinical practice guidelines for management of osteoporosis varied nationally and internationally, and the adherence of physicians to guidelines were always reported as suboptimal, though most studies were for after fragility fracture care gap and vert few looked at the primary screening to identify patients at risk before the occurrence of fractures.
This thesis is composed of two manuscripts research project assessing the development and impact of screening for osteoporosis guidelines. The first chapter is an overview of osteoporosis, definition, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment. A follow up discussion of the literature on adherence of physicians to the osteoporosis guidelines, which ends up with the rational for this thesis.
The first paper is a systematic review to identify guidelines for screening for osteoporosis from 2002-2016 (Chapter 2). We assessed the quality of these guidelines using the AGREE II and IOM standards, compared between the two tools, and assessed if the quality has changed over time. We extracted recommendations in key areas with summary of the systems that were used to assign the level of evidence and strength of recommendations. We found that the quality of guidelines has varied greatly between different countries with no significant change over time. The recommendations and systems for level of evidence were variable and all this may create confusion to clinicians.
In the second paper, we used an interrupted time series design to assess the effect of three clinical practice guidelines for screening for osteoporosis in Ontario on the baseline bone mineral density (BMD) testing for older adults 65 years of age and above using administrative data by ICES from 1998-2006. All three guidelines recommend baseline BMD testing for this age population. In addition, we analyzed the pattern of repeated testing in accordance with the latest guideline. We have found low rates of baseline BMD testing with a decreasing pattern of testing. The last guideline in 2010 had gradually increased the trend of BMD testing, though it was a very small change. Stratified analyses by sex showed that the decrease in the total BMD testing is due to decrease in the testing for female population while there is an increasing trend of BMD testing in male population. CPG by Osteoporosis Canada in 2010 caused an immediate reduction in the BMD testing for female, yet, over a period of time, the guideline increased the BMD testing. For male population; the 2002 CPG had immediately increased the BMD testing, while over time this trend has decreased.
Despite the low baseline BMD testing by physicians, there is an over use of repeated BMD testing in the low risk population, especially the annual and the 2 yearly BMD repeats.
In conclusion:
This research project found a varied quality of guideline development and reporting of guidelines for osteoporosis screening, and no improvement in the quality over time (2002-2016). Several systems were used to assign the level of evidence and strength of recommendations with conflicting recommendations between different health organizations in the same country such as in Canada. Many tools are available to appraise the quality of guidelines, however, comparing between two tools (AGREE II & IOM standards) showed that they may give conflicting results for guidelines quality. There is no effect of guidelines for screening for osteoporosis on the ordering of BMD testing to screen adults 65 years and above living in Ontario between 1998- 2016. A small increase the rate of baseline BMD testing followed the release of the 2010 guideline. For male population the 2002 guideline showed an evident immediate and gradual effect over time on the rate of baseline BMD testing ordering for male population. Despite the low baseline BMD testing rates for adults 65 years and above, there is an unnecessary repeated BMD testing for low risk population in Ontario between 2011-2016 which is not in compliance to the latest guideline for screening for osteoporosis.
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Miyauchi, Fabiola Mayumi. "Densidade ossea alveolar em mulheres com periodontite na pre e pos-menopausa." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287899.
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Orientador: Marcio Zaffalon Casati<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T01:00:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Miyauchi_FabiolaMayumi_M.pdf: 318693 bytes, checksum: db94858dbac2d7cd460ce977bbad01e6 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2004<br>Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a densidade óssea alveolar em
mulheres caucasianas com periodontite crônica na pré e pós-menopausa,
atendidas na clínica da Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba ¿ UNICAMP.
Foram selecionadas 40 mulheres: 20 na pré-menopausa e 20 na pós-menopausa.
Foram utilizadas películas para radiografia periapical convencional ajustadas com
escalímetro de alumínio. Para comparar a densidade óptica do septo interdental
entre os primeiros e segundos pré-molares; segundos pré-molares e primeiros
molares; primeiros e segundos molares inferiores, foi utilizado o software Aleq-Al®.
O índice de placa, o sangramento à sondagem e os parâmetros clínicos lineares
de profundidade de sondagem (PS), nível da margem gengival (NMG) e nível
clínico de inserção (NCI) foram medidos nos dentes de Ramfjord (16, 14, 22, 36,
34 e 42) e nos dentes teste (34, 35, 36, 44, 45 e 46). A PS, o NMG e o NCI foram
medidos pela sonda periodontal eletrônica, Florida probe®, em sítios identificados
como saudáveis ou com periodontite crônica. Não foram observadas diferenças
estatisticamente significantes entre as densidades em mulheres com periodontite
na pré (4,79 ± 1,79 mmAl, P>0,05) e na pós-menopausa (4,83 ± 1,98 mmAl,
P>0,05). Pode se concluir que a densidade óssea mandibular de pacientes com
doença periodontal não difere em mulheres na pré e pós-menopausa<br>Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the alveolar bone density in pre
and postmenopausal Caucasian women with chronic periodontitis attending the
clinic at Piracicaba Dental School - UNICAMP. Forty women were selected: 20 in
pre menopause and 20 in post menopause. The study used a conventional
periapical radiographic film adjusted with an equivalent aluminum filtration. The
comparison of the mandibular interdental septum density between the first
premolars and second premolars; second premolars and first molars; first molars
and second molars, were performed by software Aleq-Al®. The plaque index,
bleeding on probing and the linear clinical parameters of probing depth (PD),
gingival margin level (GML) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured on
the Ramfjord teeth (16, 14, 22, 36, 34 and 42) and the test teeth (34, 35, 36, 44, 45
and 46). The PD, GML and CAL were measured by the electronic periodontal
probe, Florida Probe®, in sites identified with and without chronic periodontitis. It
was not observed statistically significant differences in alveolar bone density
between pre (4,79 ± 1,79 mmAl, P>0,05) and post menopausal women (4,83 ±
1,98 mmAl, P>0,05).It would be concluded that mandibular bone density in patients
with periodontal disease is not different in pre and post menopausal women<br>Mestrado<br>Periodontia<br>Mestre em Clínica Odontológica
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Licks, Renata. "Radiografia periapical como ferramenta de predição para baixa massa óssea." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/12162.
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O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar se a radiografia periapical é capaz de identificar pacientes com baixa massa óssea, combinando a análise morfológica do trabeculado ósseo e a densidade radiográfica a parâmetros clínicos. A amostra foi constituída por 60 mulheres na faixa etária acima de 40 anos e em período pós-menopausa que foram encaminhadas ao Serviço de Radiologia da Faculdade de Odontologia da UFRGS durante o ano de 2006, com indicação de radiografia periapical da região de pré-molares e/ou molares inferiores e que realizaram, no mesmo período, um exame de densitometria óssea pela técnica de absorciometria por raios X de emissão dual (DXA) nas regiões de coluna lombar e fêmur proximal. Com base nos resultados da densitometria, as pacientes foram divididas em dois grupos (normal e com perda óssea) e para cada radiografia foram obtidos os valores de densidade radiográfica e 14 variáveis morfológicas do trabeculado. As variáveis clínicas utilizadas foram idade e IMC. A análise estatística por árvores de classificação e regressão foi utilizada para testar o poder preditivo dos fatores de risco - clínicos e radiográficos - na classificação das pacientes nos grupos normal e com perda óssea. A idade e o número de pontos terminais/periferia, seguido da periferia/área trabecular, densidade radiográfica e por último o IMC foram as variáveis que melhor dividiram as pacientes em normais e com perda óssea. Esse estudo conclui que a combinação das variáveis clínicas e radiográficas obtidas por meio de radiografias periapicais é capaz de identificar pacientes com perda de massa óssea. Dessa forma, o cirurgião-dentista está apto a identificar as pacientes com risco de desenvolver osteoporose e encaminhá-las para avaliação médica.<br>The aim of this study was to determine whether periapical radiograph can be used to identify patients with low bone mass. This goal was accomplished by combining trabecular morphologic analysis with radiographic density measurements as well as with clinical parameters. The study subject consisted of 60 postmenopausal women over forty years of age who were conducted to the Dental Radiology Service of UFRGS School of Dentistry during the year of 2006 to take a periapical radiograph of mandibular premolar and/or molar regions. Additionally, measurements of lumbar spine and proximal femur’s bone mineral density were obtained from these patients by dual-energy X-ray absortiometry, during the same period. The subjects were classified either as normal or with low bone mass according to their bone mineral density. Radiographic density measurements and fourteen morphologic features were obtained from each dental radiograph by the use of digital image processing software. The clinical variables considered were subject´s age and bone mass index (BMI). Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was used to test the predictive power of clinical and radiographic risk factors to classify individual in either normal or low bone mass classes. CART analysis found that the most important variables for classifying subjects were age, number or terminal points/periphery, periphery/trabecular area, radiographic density and BMI. This study showed that the combination of clinical and radiography factors can identify individuals with low bone mineral density with higher accuracy than either one of the factor taken individually. As a consequence, dentists are able to pre-screen patients with abnormally high risk for developing osteoporosis through standard routine exams and conduct these patients to further medical evaluation whenever necessary.
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Wasserman, Halley M. M. D. "Low bone mineral density and fractures are highly prevalent in pediatric patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy regardless of disease severity." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1458299334.
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Rice, Jennifer Lynn Zonker. "The effects of acculturation, diet, and workload on bone density in premenopausal Mexican American women." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1080330206.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 172 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Paul W. Sciulli, Dept. of Anthropology. Includes bibliographical references (p. 143-154).
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Ytterman, Caroline. "Grundämnes-distribuering och bendensitet : En XRF-undersökning av vikingatida och medeltida lårben från fyra arkeologiska lokaler." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Arkeologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-294164.
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This essay focuses on developing non-destructive methods to investigate the relationship between elemental distribution and bone porosity in archaeological bone. The skeletal material, which was analyzed, came from the archaeological sites of Skara (county of Västergötland), Varnhem (county of Västergötland), Sigtuna (county of Uppland) and Kopparsvik (county of Gotland). The essay is based on the results of a previous project, Osteoporosis och osteoarthritis, då och nu (Sten 2012). That project aimed at establishing whether medieval people, buried on the above mentioned archaeological sites, were suffersing from osteoporosis and/or osteoarthritis. This knowledge might help the medical research of today to solve the problem of possibly preventing those bone diseases. The method used was DXA-scanning, which was developed for examine osteoporosis in bone from living people. The result showed that the skeletons from the Skara site had an increased bone mineral density (BMD) compared to the skeletons from the other three sites. This essay investigates why these skeletal remains have a higher BMD and how this affects the results of methods like DXA. In this bachelor project various X-ray instruments were used to analyze the BMD of the skeletal remains. The X-ray pictures were then modified to exhibit high and low density areas in the bone. The elemental distribution of the surface area of the neck of the femur was examined with a μXRF-spectrometer. As a complement to the μXRF-spectrometer a SEM (scanning electron microscope) was used to analyze the elemental distribution of a cross section of the femur neck. Soil samples were collected from Skara and Varnhem and analyzed by using μXRF-spectrometry to find out if there was a correlation between the elemental content of the bone and surrounding soil. The skeletal remains from Skara exhibited increased values of iron and manganese combined with higher bone density. The soil from Skara showed a high level of particularly iron. This could be the reason for the increased BMD of the individuals from Skara when using the DXA-analysis. It is likely that, in each archaeological site, iron and manganese ions have diffused from both ground water and soil into the bones and thus increased the BMD. This is especially notified of the skeletal remains of Skara.
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Hamdy, Ronald C., E. Seier, Kathleen E. Whalen, W. Andrew Clark, and K. Hicks. "FRAX Calculated Without Bmd Does Not Correctly Identify Caucasian Men with Densitometric Evidence of Osteoporosis." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2494.
Full textAbstract:
Summary: The FRAX algorithm assesses the patient’s probability of sustaining an osteoporotic fracture and can be calculated with or without densitometric data. This study seeks to determine whether in men, FRAX scores calculated without BMD, correctly identify patients with BMD-defined osteoporosis.
Introduction: The diagnosis of osteoporosis is based on densitometric data, the presence of a fragility fracture or increased fracture risk. The FRAX algorithm estimates the patient’s 10-year probability of sustaining an osteoporotic fracture and can be calculated with or without BMD data. The purpose of this study is to determine whether in men, FRAX calculated without BMD, can correctly identify patients with BMD-defined osteoporosis.
Methods: Retrospectively retrieved data from 726 consecutive Caucasian males, 50 to 70 years old referred to our Osteoporosis Center.
Results: In the population studied, 11.8 and 25.3% had BMD-defined osteoporosis when female and male reference populations were used respectively. When the National Osteoporosis Foundation thresholds to initiate treatment are used, only 27% of patients with BMD-defined osteoporosis, but 4% with normal BMD reached/exceeded these thresholds. Lowering the threshold increased sensitivity, but decreased specificity.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that FRAX without BMD is not sensitive/specific enough to be used to identify Caucasian men 50 to 70 years old with BMD-defined osteoporosis.
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Ahola, R. (Riikka). "Measurement of bone exercise:osteogenic features of loading." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2010. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514263088.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract It is known that exercise strengthens bone and can prevent bone loss. However, the optimal amount and intensity of exercise beneficial to bones is not known, because there have been no long-term methods to evaluate the osteogenic features of exercise. The aim of the study was to reveal the determinants of physical activity or exercise beneficial for the bone, using novel accelerometer-based measurement of bone loading. Additionally, the study tested the applicability of a previously developed bone exercise regimen in Japanese women, using the same measurement technology. Acceleration data obtained in two exercise trials were analyzed. The subjects were healthy women aged 25–50 years who participated in 12-month high-impact exercise trials either in Finland or in Japan. The individual daily bone loading was assessed with a waist-worn accelerometer-based bone exercise recorder. Vertical acceleration peaks caused by impacts on the ground were recorded. Different key characteristics of the acceleration peaks were analyzed. A Daily Impact Score was developed to describe individual daily osteogenic loading. Bone mineral density was measured with dual x-ray absorptiometry at the proximal femur and lumbar spine, and cross-sectional geometry of mid-femur was assessed with spiral computed tomography. Calcaneus was assessed with quantitative ultrasound. Bone changes were analyzed with respect to the acceleration data. The results showed that the number of impacts during the first six months of exercise was associated with the 12-month bone changes at the hip and mid-femur. The slope, area and energy of the acceleration signal were significant determinants of bone density changes. The threshold of acceleration slope for improving bone mineral density at the hip was 100 g/s, which can be achieved during exercise including fast movements such as running and jumping. Daily Impact Score was able to describe the osteogenic potential of daily mechanical loading with a single score. The results also showed that bone exercise can be applied to Japanese premenopausal women. A brief high-impact exercise program with 50 jumps prevented bone loss at the femoral neck. The study gives new information on the measurement of bone-specific exercise. This information can be used in designing new feasible training programs for women to prevent osteoporosis and fracture risk factors<br>Tiivistelmä Liikunta vahvistaa luustoa ja voi ehkäistä luukatoa. Luuston kannalta tehokkaimman liikunnan tarkkaa määrää ja laatua ei ole tiedetty, koska sen mittaamiseen ei ole ollut soveltuvaa menetelmää. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää, mitkä ryhmässä aiemmin kehitetyn luuliikuntaohjelman piirteet ovat tärkeimpiä luun vahvistumisen kannalta. Luuston kuormituksen mittaamiseen käytettiin uutta kiihtyvyysanturiin pohjautuvaa menetelmää eli luuliikuntamittaria. Samaa mittausmenetelmää käyttäen selvitettiin, onko luuliikuntaohjelma tehokas ja sovellettavissa myös japanilaisille naisille. Tutkittavat olivat 25–50 -vuotiaita naisia, jotka osallistuivat vuoden mittaiseen hyppyjä sisältävään liikuntaharjoitteluun Suomessa tai Japanissa. Naiset pitivät päivittäin vyötäröllään luuliikuntamittaria, jonka mittaamista kiihtyvyyspiikeistä eli impakteista analysoitiin kuormitusta kuvaavia piirteitä. Kerätyn kiihtyvyystiedon avulla kehitettiin myös uusi kuormitusindeksi kuvaamaan henkilön päivittäistä luustoon kohdistuvaa kuormitusta. Reisiluun yläosan ja lannerangan mineraalitiheyden muutos mitattiin kaksienergisellä röntgenlaitteella ja reisiluun varren poikkileikkauksen geometrian muutos määritettiin tietokonetomografialla. Kantaluun ominaisuuksien muutos mitattiin kvantitatiivisella ultraäänellä. Luustomuutoksia verrattiin mitattuun kuormitustietoon. Tulokset osoittivat, että korkeiden impaktien määrä harjoittelun kuuden ensimmäisen kuukauden aikana oli yhteydessä luun mineraalitiheyden ja geometrian myönteisiin muutoksiin. Kiihtyvyyspiikin kulmakerroin, pinta-ala ja energia olivat yhteydessä luustomuutokseen. Kiihtyvyyden kulmakertoimen kynnysarvo luuntiheyden paranemiseen lonkassa oli 100 g/s, joka voidaan saavuttaa nopeita liikkeitä sisältävässä liikunnassa, kuten juoksussa ja hypyissä. Päivittäinen kuormitusindeksi oli yhteydessä positiivisiin muutoksiin luuntiheydessä hyppyharjoitteluun osallistuneilla. Lisäksi tutkimuksen tulokset osoittivat, että luuliikuntaohjelma soveltuu myös japanilaisten naisten osteoporoosin ehkäisyyn. Lyhyt luuliikuntaohjelma, joka suoritettiin työpaikalla taukojen aikana kolmesti viikossa, ehkäisi reisiluun kaulan luukatoa japanilaisilla, premenopausaalisilla naisilla. Tutkimus antaa uutta tietoa luuliikunnan mittaamisesta ja tuloksia voidaan käyttää suunniteltaessa liikuntaohjeistuksia osteoporoosin ja murtumien riskitekijöiden ehkäisyyn