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Journal articles on the topic 'OTA design'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Gao, Kun. "Design of OTA-C Gaussian Function Generator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 182-183 (June 2012): 690–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.182-183.690.

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A novel method for analogue VLSI implementation of programmable Gaussian function generator is proposed in this paper, in which the Gaussian function is approximated by the OTA-C filter whose frequency response is Gaussian-shaped. OTA-C circuit is very suitable for this application since the programmability can be controlled by the transconductance of OTA precisely and easily. Based on the probability argument, the OTA-C biquadratic filters and OTA-C integrator which have the cascade connection are used as the building block. To elaborate the construction procedure, a seventh-order OTA-C Gaussian function generator is selected as an example. The simulation results verify the feasibility of the presented approach.

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2

Lee, Hyun Jung, Samjhana Dahal, Enrique Garcia Perez, Ryan Joseph Kowalski, Girish M. Ganjyal, and Dojin Ryu. "Reduction of Ochratoxin A in Oat Flakes by Twin-Screw Extrusion Processing." Journal of Food Protection 80, no. 10 (August 30, 2017): 1628–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-559.

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ABSTRACT Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most important mycotoxins owing to its widespread occurrence and toxicity, including nephrotoxicity and potential carcinogenicity to humans. OTA has been detected in a wide range of agricultural commodities, including cereal grains and their processed products. In particular, oat-based products show a higher incidence and level of contamination. Extrusion cooking is widely used in the manufacturing of breakfast cereals and snacks and may reduce mycotoxins to varying degrees. Hence, the effects of extrusion cooking on the stability of OTA in spiked (100 μg/kg) oat flake was investigated by using a laboratory-scale twin-screw extruder with a central composite design. Factors examined were moisture content (20, 25, and 30% dry weight basis), temperature (140, 160, and 180°C), screw speed (150, 200, and 250 rpm), and die size (1.5, 2, and 3 mm). Both nonextruded and extruded samples were analyzed for reductions of OTA by high-performance liquid chromatography, coupled with fluorescence detection. The percentage of reductions in OTA in the contaminated oat flakes upon extrusion processing were in the range of 0 to 28%. OTA was partially stable during extrusion, with only screw speed and die size having significant effect on reduction (P < 0.005). The highest reduction of 28% was achieved at 180°C, 20% moisture, 250 rpm screw speed, and a 3-mm die with 193 kJ/kg specific mechanical energy. According to the central composite design analyses, up to 28% of OTA can be reduced by a combination of 162°C, 30% moisture, and 221 rpm, with a 3-mm die.

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3

Ibarra, F. Sandoval, V. H. Arzate Palma, and S. D. Cárdenas Castellón. "Design of a Fully Differential CMOS OTA Folded Cascode for Modulation." International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 10, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.46338/ijetae1120_01.

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In this paper, the design and experimental results of a fully-differential folded-cascode operational amplifier of transconductance (OTA) is presented. This active circuit is for the use in a  low-pass modulator. The structure of the OTA is for obtaining a transition frequency of 1.0GHz. From the circuit synthesis, the OTA can handle the signals with the peak-to-peak amplitude of 300mV, and consumes 1.5mA from 1.2V supply. The OTA is fabricated in 130nm standard CMOS technology.

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4

BATTILANI, PAOLA, CARLO BARBANO, VITTORIO ROSSI, TERENZIO BERTUZZI, and AMEDEO PIETRI. "Spatial Distribution of Ochratoxin A in Vineyard and Sampling Design To Assess Must Contamination." Journal of Food Protection 69, no. 4 (April 1, 2006): 884–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.4.884.

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The aim of this work was to study the spatial variability of ochratoxin A (OTA) in vineyards and to define a reliable sampling protocol for bunches in order to assess OTA content before harvesting. In 2002, two vineyards with ‘Negroamaro’ and ‘Sangiovese’ grape varieties were chosen in Southern Italy. The same sampling design was applied to both vineyards. Ten plants were collected from the X-shaped path of the whole vineyard (plants 1 through 10) and 10 plants from the two central cross-perpendicular lines (plants 11 through 20). Bunches harvested from plants 1 through 10 were numbered progressively, weighed, and crushed separately, and bunches obtained from plants 11 through 20 were crushed plant by plant. Juices obtained were analyzed for OTA content by high-performance liquid chromatography. Then, a simulated approach for sampling was applied, following randomized and systematic designs. High and random variability was observed in OTA content both among bunches and among plants in the two vineyards, independent of contamination level. Simulated sampling design markedly influenced the assessment of must contamination. The best results were obtained when sampling involved one bunch per plant, in a predefined position, from at least 10 plants. Estimated means, obtained with different sampling designs, did not differ significantly from calculated mean OTA content. If the true contamination in a vineyard is 2 μg kg−1, the limit fixed in Europe for OTA content in must and wine, the range of OTA content assessed sampling one bunch in the central position of 10 plants should lie between 2.9 and 1.4. The accuracy could be considered acceptable.

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5

Loan, Sajad A., M. Nizamuddin, Abdul R. Alamoud, and Shuja A. Abbasi. "Design and Comparative Analysis of High Performance Carbon Nanotube-Based Operational Transconductance Amplifiers." Nano 10, no. 03 (April 2015): 1550039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292015500393.

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In this paper, novel carbon nanotube (CNT) based operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) have been designed and simulated. Three types of CNT-based OTAs have been designed at 45 nm technology node and have been compared with the conventional CMOS-based OTA. The comparative analysis of the key characteristics of all the devices has revealed that a significant improvement in performance is observed in the CNT-based OTAs, particularly in a pure CNT-OTA. In the pure CNT-OTA, DC gain has increased by 218%, slew rate has increased by 22.58%, the output resistance has increased by 55.2% and the power consumption is ∼ 193 times less in comparison to the conventional CMOS-OTA. Further, common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) and power supply rejection ratio positive (PSRR+) has increased by 31.87% and 136.3%, respectively in pure CNT-OTA. The performance of CNT-based OTAs has also been studied thoroughly by varying the number of CNTs (N), CNT pitch (S) and the diameter of CNTs (D CNT ) at 0.9 V. It has been observed that their performance can be improved further by using optimized values of CNT number; inter CNT-pitch and diameter. The stability analysis has shown that the pure CNT-OTA is highly stable. A 16.7% and 4% increase in phase and gain margins is achieved in the pure CNT-OTA in comparison to the bulk CMOS OTA. Finally, band and high pass filters have been realized by using the proposed CNT-based OTAs.

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6

Wang, Zhaoqing. "Detector design based on MIMO OTA test." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1187, no. 4 (April 2019): 042013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1187/4/042013.

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7

Raj, Nikhil, and Anil Kumar Gupta. "Multifunction Filter Design Using Bdqfg Miller Ota." Electrical and Electronics Engineering: An International Journal 4, no. 3 (August 31, 2015): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14810/elelij.2015.4305.

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8

Sanchotene Silva, Rafael, Luís Henrique Rodovalho, Jefferson Luiz Brum Marques, and Cesar Ramos Rodrigues. "A 59 pA/V and 62 nW Differential OTA with 0.35% THD for Biomedical Applications." Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems 16, no. 2 (August 16, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29292/jics.v16i2.490.

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This paper presents a novel differential pA/V Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) topology. The circuit is suitable for the implementation of fully integrated operational transconductance amplifier-capacitance (OTA-C) filters with small feature size capacitors, suited for electrophysiological signal acquisition and conditioning. Unlike typical OTA-Cs, the proposed topology consists of transconductance reduction technique based on unbalanced output branches thatallow current subtraction thus enabling transconductances in the order of pA/V. The technique is demonstrated through the design of a 59pA/V transconductor, which is very suited for designing long-time-constant filters. This OTA-C achieved a worst-case 0.35% THD with just 61.7nW average power consumption, which allows its applicability to biomedical implants. Simulations were carried out with STMicroelectronics 0.13µm HCMOS9 node using Cadence’s IC design tools. Weemployed the OTA in a design of a fourth-order bandpass filter with a narrow bandwidth of 12.5–21.8Hz. Similar results to the ideal transfer function, turn the proposed OTA ideal for biosensing-based applications.

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9

Assaad, Rida, and Jose Silva-Martinez. "Recent Advances on the Design of High-Gain Wideband Operational Transconductance Amplifiers." VLSI Design 2009 (July 28, 2009): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/323595.

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Feed-forward techniques are explored for the design of high-frequency Operational Transconductance Amplifiers (OTAs). For single-stage amplifiers, a recycling folded-cascode OTA presents twice the GBW (197.2 MHz versus 106.3 MHz) and more than twice the slew rate (231.1 V/s versus 99.3 V/s) as a conventional folded cascode OTA for the same load, power consumption, and transistor dimensions. It is demonstrated that the efficiency of the recycling folded-cascode is equivalent to that of a telescopic OTA. As for multistage amplifiers, a No-Capacitor Feed-Forward (NCFF) compensation scheme which uses a high-frequency pole-zero doublet to obtain greater than 90 dB DC gain, GBW of 325 MHz and better than phase margin is discussed. The settling-time- of the NCFF topology can be faster than that of OTAs with Miller compensation. Experimental results for the recycling folded-cascode OTA fabricated in TSMC 0.18 m CMOS, and results of the NCFF demonstrate the efficiency and feasibility of the feed-forward schemes.

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10

Catania, Alessandro, Mattia Cicalini, Massimo Piotto, Paolo Bruschi, and Michele Dei. "Energy Efficiency in Slew-Rate Enhanced Single-Stage OTAs for Switched-Capacitor Applications." Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications 11, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jlpea11010001.

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Slew-rate enhancement (SRE) techniques assist the charge transfer process in OTA-based switched-capacitor circuits. Parallel-type slew-rate enhancement circuits, i.e., circuits that provide a feed-forward path external to the main OTA, are attractive solutions, since they introduce a further degree of freedom in the speed/power consumption design space without affecting other specifications regarding the main OTA. This technique lends itself to be employed jointly with advanced OTA topologies in order to compose a highly energy efficient OTA/SRE system. However, insights in design choices such as power optimization are still missing for such systems. Here we discuss system level choices with the help of a simple model. Using precise electrical simulations, we demonstrate energy savings greater than 30% for different OTA/SRE systems implemented in a standard 180-nm CMOS technology.

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11

Yeo, Sung-Dae, Tae-Il Cho, Young-Chul Shin, and Seong-Kweon Kim. "Design of OTA Circuit for Current-mode FIR Filter." Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences 11, no. 7 (July 31, 2016): 659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.13067/jkiecs.2016.11.7.659.

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12

Kircay, Ali, and Selim Borekci. "Electronically-Tunable Current-Mode Biquad Design Using MO-OTAs." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 25, no. 09 (June 21, 2016): 1650107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126616501073.

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In this paper, electronically-tunable, current-mode biquad is proposed by using multiple-output operational transconductance amplifiers (MO-OTAs). The proposed circuit has one input and two outputs. Without changing the circuit topology, low-pass (LP), and band-pass (BP) responses can be realized. The filter is realized by using two MO-OTAs, a single-output OTA (SO-OTA), a two-output OTA and two grounded capacitors. The biquad is designed based on first-order LP filter or lossy integrator blocks. The feedback block is applied to the filter circuit in order to obtain high quality factor values greater than 1/2. The center frequency and the quality factor of the LP and BP filters can be electronically tuned by DC current of OTAs. The total power dissipation of the proposed biquad is approximately 10[Formula: see text]mW at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]V supplied voltage. The theoretical analysis is also confirmed with SPICE simulations.

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13

Catania, Alessandro, Mattia Cicalini, Michele Dei, Massimo Piotto, and Paolo Bruschi. "Performance Analysis and Design Optimization of Parallel-Type Slew-Rate Enhancers for Switched-Capacitor Applications." Electronics 9, no. 11 (November 18, 2020): 1949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9111949.

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The design of single-stage OTAs for accurate switched-capacitor circuits involves challenging trade-offs between speed and power consumption. The addition of a Slew-Rate Enhancer (SRE) circuit placed in parallel to the main OTA (parallel-type SRE) constitutes a viable solution to reduce the settling time, at the cost of low-power overhead and no modifications of the main OTA. In this work, a practical analytical model has been developed to predict the settling time reduction achievable with OTA/SRE systems and to show the effect of the various design parameters. The model has been applied to a real case, consisting of the combination of a standard folded-cascode OTA with an existing parallel-type SRE solution. Simulations performed on a circuit designed with a commercial 180-nm CMOS technology revealed that the actual settling-time reduction was significantly smaller than predicted by the model. This discrepancy was explained by taking into account the internal delays of the SRE, which is exacerbated when a high output current gain is combined with high power efficiency. To overcome this problem, we propose a simple modification of the original SRE circuit, consisting in the addition of a single capacitor which temporarily boosts the OTA/SRE currents reducing the internal turn-on delay. With the proposed approach a settling-time reduction of 57% has been demonstrated with an SRE that introduces only a 10% power-overhead with respect of the single OTA solution. The robustness of the results have been validated by means of Monte-Carlo simulations.

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14

Shi, Pingping, Yaogang Hu, and Yongfeng Wang. "Optimal Service Commission Contract Design of OTA to Create O2O Model by Cooperation with TTA under Asymmetric Information." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (April 30, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9934726.

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This paper studies the service commission contract of an online travel agency (OTA) to integrate the online to offline (O2O) model by cooperation with a traditional travel agency (TTA) under asymmetric information. The principal-agent models are established with symmetric and asymmetric service information, respectively. Further, the impacts of asymmetry information on the revenue of the OTA, TTA, and the whole O2O model and the properties of optimal commission contract are analyzed. The paper notes management implications: (1) OTA designs service commission contracts by weighing the fixed payment and service commission coefficient for different incentives to TTAs with different serviceabilities and (2) because the existence of asymmetric information always leads to the damage of OTA’s expected revenue, OTA should encourage the TTA to disclose private service information.

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15

Zeng, Xiaoyan, Pengcheng Shi, and Wei Xie. "Contract design for a multi-channel hotel service supply chain." Nankai Business Review International 11, no. 3 (December 11, 2019): 371–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nbri-10-2018-0059.

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Purpose This paper aims to reduce the confliction between different retail channels. Design/methodology/approach By investigating a game-theoretic model consisting of a dominant hotel, a promoter and an OTA, the authors analyze the optimal amount of reserved rooms on the hotel's official website and realize the coordination between the hotel and the promoter with an appropriate contact. Findings When the gap between promoter’s reservation profits under different promotion cost coefficients is reasonable, complete coordination can be achieved in the supply chain. In addition, numerical examples are conducted to show that the profit of hotel and supply chain can be maximized with a moderate amount of reserved rooms on OTA. Research limitations/implications The authors only focus on one OTA scenarios, which overlooks the competition between OTAs. Practical implications Coordination strategy can fierce the increase on profit when the customer conversion rate increases. Originality/value The authors propose a contract menu to help the hotel avoid the profit loss under asymmetric promotion cost information.

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16

M, Miss Niveditha Yadav, Mr Yaseen Basha, and Dr Venkatesh kumar H. "A Design of Sigma-Delta ADC Using OTA." International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications 07, no. 05 (June 2017): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/9622-0705051116.

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17

Bhardwaj, Prakhar, Harsha Sharan, and Amit Saxena. "CMOS LAYOUT DESIGN FOR OTA-C BIQUAD FILTER." International Journal of Advanced Research 6, no. 4 (April 30, 2018): 393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/6872.

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18

Singh, Arvind. "Telescopic OTA Based Design of Signal Processing Circuits." IOSR Journal of VLSI and Signal Processing 3, no. 1 (2013): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/4200-0317076.

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19

Cheng-Chung Hsu and Wu-Shiung Feng. "Testable design of multiple-stage OTA-C filters." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 49, no. 5 (2000): 929–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/19.872910.

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20

Mounika, CH D. "Design of Ota-C Filter for Biomedical Applications." IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering 6, no. 4 (2013): 07–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2834-0640711.

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21

Gao, Zhi Qiang, Wei Zheng, Liang Yin, and Xiao Wei Liu. "The Design of High-Frequency OTA-C Filter for Wireless Sensors Network Applications." Key Engineering Materials 562-565 (July 2013): 668–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.562-565.668.

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The paper is presented the design of high-frequency OTA-C band-pass filter with on-chip automatic tuning. In this design, the linear operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) is proposed based on fully complementary differential pairs with source degneration, and achieves both low-distortion figures and high-frequency operation. The matching design between the master filter and the slave filter is also given, and the non-ideality effect of the OTA-C filters with on-chip automatic tuning is discussed. The whole circuit is designed using TSMC 0.18μm 1.8V CMOS process and post-simulation results show the center frequency of filter is 105MHz with relative error of 0.4%, when the process corner varies between SS, TT, FF, and the temperature from-20 to 120°C.

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22

Benschwartz, R., and P. Sakthivel. "A Process Variation Tolerant OTA Design for Low Power ASIC Design." Circuits and Systems 07, no. 06 (2016): 956–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/cs.2016.76081.

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23

Rezaei, Farzan, and Seyed Javad Azhari. "Analysis and Design Procedure of a Novel Low Power Highly Linear Operational Transconductance Amplifier." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 24, no. 05 (April 8, 2015): 1550071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126615500711.

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In this paper, a new highly linear operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) is presented. Proposed OTA employs two linearization techniques of cross-coupled double differential pairs and resistive source degeneration to achieve highly linear response under low power consumption. Considering the linearity and the frequency response issues as main parameters of OTA in the communication circuits, design procedure is theoretically formulated for the best linearity and optimum frequency compensation. Proposed OTA is simulated in 0.18-μm TSMC CMOS technology by Hspice simulator. While, the power consumption is only 467 μW, applying two-tone input voltage with amplitude of 0.6 Vp-p at 10 MHz frequency results in -61 dB third-order intermodulation (IM3) distortion of the output current that still remains below -44 dB for amplitudes up to 1 Vp-p. A precise frequency response analysis is performed which has resulted in optimum values of resistor and capacitor for miller compensation. Using common mode feedback in both stages and push-pull based output stage lead to 108 dB CMRR at DC that decreases to 84.5 dB at 100 kHz frequency.

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24

Mohammad Ehsan Aiman Wan Jusoh, Wan, and Siti Hawa Ruslan. "Design and analysis of current mirror OTA in 45 nm and 90 nm CMOS technology for bio-medical application." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i1.1860.

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This paper proposed a design and performance analysis of current mirror operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) in 45 nm and 90 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology for bio-medical application. Both OTAs were designed and simulated using Synopsys tools and the simulation results were analysed thoroughly. The OTAs were designed to be implemented in bio-potential signals detection system where the input signals were amplified and filtered according to the specifications. From the comparative analysis of both OTAs, the 45 nm OTA managed to produce open loop gain of 45 dB, with common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of 93.2 dB. The 45 nm OTA produced only 1.113 μV√Hz of input referred noise at 1 Hz. The 45 nm OTA also consumed only 28.21 nW of power from ± 0.5 V supply. The low-power consumption aspect displayed by 45 nm OTA made it suitable to be implemented in bio-medical application such as bio-potential signals detection system where it can be used to amplify and filter the electrocardiogram (ECG) signals.

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Bhanja, Mousumi, Surya Prakash Tamang, Ritika Das, and Baidyanath Ray. "Design Methodology of High Frequency M-ary ASK, FSK and QAM." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 24, no. 10 (October 25, 2015): 1550152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126615501522.

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This paper proposes a high data rate, low-power, low-voltage design of OTA-based M-ary ASK, FSK and QAM modulator and demodulator circuits. Conventional D/A converter of M-ary circuit has been replaced with the operational transconductance amplifier-based n-bits to 2n level converter which operates with input frequencies up to 2.1 GHz. OTA-based oscillator and PLL is being designed for high speed M-ary FSK. Eye diagram analysis has been carried out, conforming a very low signal distortion. Theoretical analysis of bit error rate has been done. The circuit analysis and simulation results confirm the reliability and accuracy of the design. Effective layouts and die photographs of the proposed designs are also presented.

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26

Manafi, M., B. Umakantha, H. Narayana Swamy, and K. Mohan. "Evaluation of high-grade sodium bentonite on performance and immune status of broilers, fed ochratoxin and aflatoxin." World Mycotoxin Journal 2, no. 4 (November 1, 2009): 435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2009.1136.

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An experimental trial with 2×2×2 factorial design was conducted to assess the individual and combined effects of mycotoxins including ochratoxin A (OTA) (0 and 1.0 mg/kg), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) (0 and 0.5 mg/kg) and high-grade sodium bentonite (HGSB) (0 and 1.0%) in broilers. Significant depression of body weight, feed consumption, serum protein and serum albumin were noticed due to OTA, AFB1 and OTA+AFB1. The relative weights of pancreas, spleen and bursa were not altered significantly either by inclusion of OTA, AFB1, OTA+AFB1 or HGSB. Increases in the relative weights of liver and gizzard were observed in OTA, AFB1 and OTA+AFB1. Decreases in serum protein levels and increases in gamma glutamyl transferase were noticed in the OTA+AFB1 group. Also decreases in serum protein levels for alanine amino transferase and thymus were observed. The antibody titres against Newcastle Disease and Infectious Bursal Disease were significantly (P<0.05) decreased in all the treatment groups compared to control. HGSB reduced the toxicity of aflatoxin and marginally ameliorated the effect of OTA+AFB1 on some parameters.

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27

Dubey, Tanmay, Vijaya Bhadauria, and Rishikesh Pandey. "Linearity Enhancement Techniques for Operational Transconductance Amplifier: A Survey." Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering) 13, no. 5 (September 22, 2020): 650–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2352096512666191019130214.

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Background: Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) plays an essential role in many analog and mixed-signal applications that encourages the researchers to contribute their work to design suitable structures of OTA for their applications with acceptable performance parameters. Methods: The linearity of an OTA is one of its key performance parameters, which affects the performance of the overall system whereas the transconductance value of OTA (Gm) contributes to decide its application area. Low transconductance OTA finds its application in biomedical and neural networks while OTA with higher transconductance is suitable for wireless communication. In any system, it is desirable to obtain a linear voltage-to-current conversion, i.e., OTA, hence various linearization techniques have been reported to linearize the OTA. Results: In the last two decades, various OTA structures have been reported with linear voltage-tocurrent conversion. Some researchers used attenuation by means of different circuit approaches to linearize the OTA or some used cancellation of nonlinearity terms by using different circuit implementation techniques. Researchers used some other methods also to linearize the OTA viz source degeneration, square root technique and mobility compensation. Conclusion: The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief survey of various popular linearization techniques reported in the past.

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28

Qadir, Abdul. "Two Output OTA Biquad Filter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 5044–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.5044.

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This paper presents a current mode biquad filter, which uses multiple output OTAs. The proposed filter design has electronic tunability because of the use of OTAs and is suitable for implementation in CMOS technology because of the use of grounded capacitors.

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29

SU, HSIAO WEI, and YICHUANG SUN. "HIGH-FREQUENCY LINEAR MULTIPLE-OUTPUT CMOS TRANSCONDUCTANCE AMPLIFIER FOR CURRENT-MODE FILTERS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 15, no. 05 (October 2006): 701–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126606003325.

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A high-frequency highly linear tunable CMOS multiple-output operational transconductance amplifier (MO-OTA) for fully balanced current-mode OTA and capacitor (OTA-C) filters is presented. The MO-OTA is based on the cross-coupled pairs at the input and provides two pairs of differential outputs. A simple common-mode feedback (CMFB) circuit to stabilize the DC output levels of the MO-OTA is also proposed and two such CMFB circuits are used by the MO-OTA. The proposed MO-OTA is suitable for relatively low voltage (2.5 V) applications as its circuit has only two MOS transistors between the supply and ground rails. Simulated in a TSMC 0.25 μm CMOS process using PSpice, the MO-OTA has at least ± 0.3 V linear differential input signal swing with a single 2.5 V power supply and operates up to 1 GHz frequency. The MO-OTA has a THD less than -46 dB for a differential input voltage of 0.9 Vp-p at 10 MHz, dynamic range (DR) at THD = -46 dB is over 50 dB, and power consumption (with the common-mode feedback circuit) is below 8 mW for the whole tuning range. A fully balanced multiple loop feedback current-mode OTA-C filter example using the proposed MO-OTA is presented. This example also shows that the current-mode follow-the-leader-feedback (FLF) structure can achieve good performances for OTA-C filter design.

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30

Metin, Bilgin, Kirat Pal, Shahram Minaei, and Oguzhan Cicekoglu. "Trade-offs in the OTA-based analog filter design." Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing 60, no. 3 (February 5, 2009): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10470-008-9270-x.

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31

Hasan, Masood-ul, Yanqing Zhu, and Yichuang Sun. "Design for testability of high-order OTA-C filters." International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 44, no. 10 (February 12, 2016): 1859–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cta.2200.

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Han, Jun, and Wei Dong Wang. "The Design of CIFF Structure Three-Order Switched-Capacitor Sigma-Delta Modulator." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 5727–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.5727.

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This paper presents the design and implementation of a single-loop three-order switched-capacitor sigma-delta modulator(SDM) with a standard 0.18um CMOS technology. A current optimization technique is utilized in proposed design to reduce the power of operational transconductance amplifier(OTA).Using a chain of Integrators with weighted feed-forward summation(CIFF) structure and optimized single-stage class-A OTA with positive feed-back to minimize the power consumption. The SDM has been presented with an over-sampling ratio of 128,clock frequency 6.144MHz,24kHz band- width, and achieves a peak SNR of 100dB,103dB dynamic range. The whole circuits consume 2.87mW from a single 1.8V supply voltage.

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Huang, Xiao Zong, Lun Cai Liu, Jian Gang Shi, Wen Gang Huang, Fan Liu, Jun Luo, and Zhou Liang. "Low Power Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) with Enhanced DC Gain and Slew-Rate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 411-414 (September 2013): 1645–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.411-414.1645.

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This paper presents a low-voltage differential operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) with enhanced DC gain and slew-rate. Based on the current mirror OTA topology, the optimization techniques are discussed in this work. The proposed structure achieves enhanced DC gain, unit gain frequency (UGF) and slew-rate (SR) with adding four devices. The design of the OTA is described with theory analysis. The OTA operates at the power supply of 1.8V. Simulation results for 0.18μm standard CMOS technology show that the DC gain increases from 60.6dB to 65dB, the UGF is optimized from 2.5MHz to 4.3MHz, the SR is enhanced from 0.88 V/μs to 4.8 V/μs with close power consumption dramatically.

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Giustolisi, Gianluca, and Gaetano Palumbo. "A gm/ID-Based Design Strategy for IoT and Ultra-Low-Power OTAs with Fast-Settling and Large Capacitive Loads." Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications 11, no. 2 (May 12, 2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jlpea11020021.

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In this paper, a new strategy for the design of ultra-low-power CMOS operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs), using the gm/ID approach, is proposed for the Internet-of-things (IoT) scenario. The strategy optimizes the speed/dissipation of the OTA in terms of settling time, including slew-rate effects. It was designed for large capacitive loads and for transistors biased in the sub-threshold region, but it is also suitable for low-capacitive loads or for transistors biased in the saturation region. To validate the proposed strategy, a well-known three-stage OTA was designed starting from capacitive load and settling time requirements. Simulations confirmed that the OTA satisfies the specifications (even under Monte Carlo analysis), thus proving the correctness of the proposed approach.

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Sharma, Sanjeev, Pawandeep Kaur, and Tapsi Singh. "Design and Analysis of Gain Boosted Recycling Folded Cascode OTA." International Journal of Computer Applications 76, no. 7 (August 23, 2013): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/13257-0735.

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Biabanifard, Sadegh, S. Mehdi Hosseini, Mohammad Biabanifard, Shahrouz Asadi, and Mustapha C. E. Yagoub. "Multi stage OTA design: From matrix description to circuit realization." Microelectronics Journal 77 (July 2018): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2018.05.007.

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Ghamari, Saeed, Gabriele Tasselli, Cyril Botteron, and Pierre-André Farine. "Design methodology for common-mode stability of OTA-based gyrators." International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 44, no. 5 (September 22, 2015): 1142–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cta.2154.

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SUN, YICHUANG, and J. K. FIDLER. "Design of current-mode multiple output OTA and capacitor filters." International Journal of Electronics 81, no. 1 (July 1996): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/002072196136959.

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Barbargires, C. A. "Explicit design of general high-order FLF OTA-C filters." Electronics Letters 35, no. 16 (1999): 1289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19990900.

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Scholl-Grissemann, Ursula, and Benedikt Schnurr. "Room with a view: how hedonic and utilitarian choice options of online travel agencies affect consumers’ booking intentions." International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 10, no. 4 (October 3, 2016): 361–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcthr-06-2016-0062.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate how hedonic and utilitarian choice options of online travel agencies (OTAs) affect consumers’ process enjoyment and booking intentions. Design/methodology/approach The authors apply a one-factorial experimental design. The stimuli consisted of screenshots of the fictitious OTA “www.my-holiday.com”. Participants were told to imagine they were planning a city trip to San Francisco and that, during an internet search, they came across a new OTA called “www.my-holiday.com”. Findings The authors find that both booking intentions and process enjoyment are higher for hedonic OTAs, i.e. OTAs which offer more hedonic choice options such as entertainment and spa. The authors conclude that these toolkits strongly relate to pleasurable experiences and positive emotions. Therefore, these options drive positive affective reactions in terms of process enjoyment, which subsequently affect booking intentions. Additionally, the authors find that preference insight positively affects consumers’ booking intention as the number of choices provided by the OTA increases. Originality/value This paper contributes to tourism research on online travel shopping behavior. The authors apply knowledge from research on online customization tools to an OTA context and show that hedonic and functional choice options of OTAs significantly reflect on consumer behavior.

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Vijay Mythry, Sarin, and D. Jackuline Moni. "A 76db 828nv/√Hz Low Noise Bio Signal OTA For Neural Signal Recording Applications." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.3 (June 21, 2018): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.3.14484.

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The low frequency, low amplitude biomedical signals which created a tremendous demand amongst clinicians and neuroscience researchers are to be amplified in the range of millihertz to kilohertz by rejecting the dc offsets. This research article presents a Bio Signal OTA (Bio-OTA) with 76dB gain, 828nV/ 16Hz"> noise and 390nW power is designed in 90nm CMOS process and also a brief survey on the different types of OTAs used for neuro recording applications is discussed. The Wilson current mirror is used to design 1volt Bio-OTA. The Common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) is obtained as 75dB, power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) is above 88dB and gain bandwidth product (GBW) is 223MHz.

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Wise, Cross T. Asha, G. R. Suresh, M. Palanivelen, and S. Saraswathi. "Design of Pentacene-Based Organic Field-Effect Transistor for Low-Frequency Operational Transconductance Amplifier." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 11 (January 24, 2020): 2050181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620501819.

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Mounting electronics circuits on a plastic flexible substrate are pertinent for biosensing applications due to their resilient nature, minimal processing conditions, lightweight and low cost. Organic Field-Effect Transistors (OFET)-based amplifier for flexible biosensors have been proposed in this paper. To design flexible biosensing circuits, Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET) with Polycyclic Hydrocarbon is a suitable choice. It is a big challenge to build an organic circuit using graphene electrode due to its poor performance of [Formula: see text]-type OFET, therefore it is advisable to use Pentacene as [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-type Organic semiconductors. Pentacene being one among the foremost totally investigated conjugated organic molecules with a high application potential because the hole mobility in OFETs goes up to 0.2[Formula: see text]cm2/(Vs), which exceeds that of amorphous silicon. In biosignal process, the first and most important step is to amplify the biosignal for further processing. Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) plays an essential role in biological signal measuring instruments like EEG, ECG, EMG modules which measure the heart, muscle and brain activities. The OTA designed using this OFET is adaptable for flexible sensor circuits and also it derives the transconductance of 67 which is similar to silicon OTA. The amplifier designed here gives unit gain of 42[Formula: see text]dB with a frequency of 195[Formula: see text]Hz which is suitable for low-frequency biosignal processing applications.

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van Houwelingen, A., S. De Saeger, T. Rusanova, C. Waalwijk, and J. Beekwilder. "Generation of recombinant alpaca VHH antibody fragments for the detection of the mycotoxin ochratoxin A." World Mycotoxin Journal 1, no. 4 (November 1, 2008): 407–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2008.1070.

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To develop sensor technologies based on genetically engineered recognition elements, recombinant antibodies characterised by high stability are a prerequisite. Here we describe the first successful isolation of recombinant alpaca single-domain antibody fragments with high affinity to the mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA). Variable domains (VHH) of heavy-chain antibodies binding to OTA were cloned from an immunised alpaca. Selected VHH clones clustered in four major groups, based on protein sequence similarity. Six representative VHH antibody fragments were produced in Escherichia coli and characterised for their sensitivity and specificity by indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. OTA concentrations causing 50% inhibition (IC50) ranged from 12 ng/ml for antibody fragment OCH-62 to 442 ng/ml for antibody fragment OCH-40. The IC50 of OCH-62 for ochratoxin B, an OTA analogue, was 476 ng/ml. No significant cross-reactivity was observed with common food constituents with structural similarities with parts of OTA, such as L-phenylalanine and coumarin. The performance of OCH-62 for detection of OTA in food matrices was comparable to the performance in buffer (white wine: IC50=17 ng/ml; red wine: IC50=21 ng/ml; instant coffee: IC50=17 ng/ml). In a membrane-based flow-through immunoassay, used for fast visual screening of samples, OCH-62 showed a cut-off level of 10 ng/ml OTA. Thereby, OCH-62 ranked among the best recombinant antibody fragments described for mycotoxins and is an excellent candidate for the design of food contamination sensors based on nanotechnology.

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Mathad, Rajeshwari S. "Design of OTA-C Active Low Pass Filter Using Multiple OTA’s." IOSR Journal of Applied Physics 1, no. 4 (2012): 08–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/4861-0140812.

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Odame, K. M., and P. Hasler. "Theory and Design of OTA-C Oscillators with Native Amplitude Limiting." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 56, no. 1 (January 2009): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2008.925819.

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Koziel, S., and S. Szczepanski. "Design of highly linear tunable CMOS OTA for continuous-time filters." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing 49, no. 2 (February 2002): 110–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2002.1002513.

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Prajapati, Pankaj P., and Mihir V. Shah. "Automatic Circuit Design of CMOS Miller OTA Using Cuckoo Search Algorithm." International Journal of Applied Metaheuristic Computing 11, no. 1 (January 2020): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijamc.2020010103.

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The circuit design of the CMOS based analog part of a mixed-signal integrated circuit (IC) needs a large fraction of the overall design cycle time. The automatic design of an analog circuit is inevitable, seeing recently development of System-on-Chip (SOC) design. This brings about the need to develop computer aided design (CAD) tools for automatic design of CMOS based analog circuits. In this article, a Cuckoo Search (CS) algorithm is presented for automatic design of a CMOS Miller Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA). The source code of the CS algorithm is developed using the C language. The Ngspice circuit simulator has been used as a fitness function creator and evaluator. A script file is written to provide an interface between the CS algorithm and the Ngspice simulator. BSIM3v3 MOSFET models with 0.18 µm and 0.35 µm CMOS technology have been used to simulate this circuit. The simulation results of this work are presented and compared with previous works reported in the literature. The experimental simulation results obtained by the CS algorithm satisfy all desired specifications for this circuit.

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Linares-Barranco, B., A. Rodríguez-Vázquez, E. Sánchez-Sinencio, and J. L. Huertas. "Generation, design and tuning of OTA-C high-frequency sinusoidal oscillators." IEE Proceedings G Circuits, Devices and Systems 139, no. 5 (1992): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-g-2.1992.0086.

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Sun, Y. "OTA-C filter design using inductor substitution and Bruton transformation methods." Electronics Letters 34, no. 22 (1998): 2082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19981495.

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CHIEN, HUNG-CHUN. "A NOVEL CURRENT-TUNABLE MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR USING SINGLE DISO-OTA." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 22, no. 02 (February 2013): 1250089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126612500892.

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This paper proposes a novel monostable multivibrator featuring compact topology and current-tunable property. The proposed circuit was composed of a single differential input single output operational transconductance amplifier (DISO-OTA) with a few passive components. It was operated by a negative-edge triggering signal to generate an output pulse. The pulse height and width were tunable by the bias current of DISO-OTA and the external resistors. The proposed scheme is more compact than the existing topologies. This paper presents the circuit operations and a discussion of the non-ideal issues and design considerations. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed circuit, a prototype circuit built with commercially available DISO-OTA IC was used to execute the experimental tests. Is-Spice simulation and experimental results were consistent with theoretical analysis.

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