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Journal articles on the topic 'OTC drugs Practices'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Akande-Sholabi, Wuraola, and Olamide Olubodunde Akinyemi. "Self-medication with over-the-counter drugs among consumers: a cross-sectional survey in a Southwestern State in Nigeria." BMJ Open 13, no. 5 (2023): e072059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072059.

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ObjectivesThis study set out to assess the knowledge, perception and practices of consumers regarding self-medication with over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, the prevalence of risky practices and their associated factors in pharmacy outlets in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria.SettingA cross-sectional study was conducted using an interviewer administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis were performed by using SPSS V.23 with statistical significance set at p<0.05.Participants658 adult consumers aged 18 years and above.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary ou

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Sharma, Ashmitha, Aparna Chincholkar, and Ankita Sawant. "Evaluation of knowledge, attitude and practices of second year MBBS students about over the counter drugs." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 13, no. 4 (2024): 526–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20241654.

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Background: The utilization of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs among medical students during academic exams has raised concerns about health risks and potential implications. This cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the prevalence of OTC drug utilization among medical students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using pre-validated questionnaire. The data obtained was tabulated, analysed and the results were calculated in percentages.150 students had participated in this study of which 100 were selected by simple random sampling. Results: The use of OTC drugs was common amongst un

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Aarti, Bhandari, Upadhyay Rupali, and Joshi Anju. "Self-Medication Practices in Nursing Students." International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research 3, no. 2 (2018): 35–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3936517.

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<strong>Background:</strong> Over the counter (OTC) medicines are the drugs that can be sold without the prescription of a registered medical practitioner to the consumer. <strong>[</strong><strong>1</strong><strong>]</strong><strong> </strong>OTC medicines are used as self-medication by students for conditions like fever, pain and cold. Awareness regarding OTC drugs will help to lead better medical practices and will prevent any untoward medical occurrence. <strong>[</strong><strong>2</strong><strong>]</strong> <strong>Aims and Objectives:</strong> The objectives

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Herrera-Añazco, Percy, Benoit Mougenot, Jerry K. Benites-Meza, et al. "Self-Medication Practices, Use of Brand-Name, and Over-the-Counter Medicines by Peruvian Older Adults." Canadian Geriatrics Journal 26, no. 1 (2023): 187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5770/cgj.26.631.

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Background Older adults are a particularly vulnerable group to drug use and self-medication. The aim of the study was to evaluate self-medication as a factor associated with the purchase of brand-name and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs in older adults in Peru. Methods A secondary analysis was performed using an analytical cross-sectional design of data from a nationally representative survey from 2014 to 2016. The exposure variable was self-medication, defined as the purchase of medicines without a prescription. The dependent variables were purchases of brand-name and OTC drugs, both as a dichot

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Varghese, Annu Merin, Srinivas V., Hema N., Yogananda R., and Vaishnavi S. "Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of over-the-counter drugs and dietary supplements among non-healthcare college students in Chitradurga." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 13, no. 6 (2024): 864–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20243036.

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Background: The market for OTC drugs and dietary supplements is rapidly growing. However, there exists a lack of adequate awareness among the general public regarding the advantages and potential drawbacks associated with these products, particularly among the younger generation, who heavily rely on the internet for information. Therefore, this study sought to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of college students regarding OTC drugs and dietary supplements, including prevalence and associated factors. Methods: A prospective interventional study with 306 participants was conducted. Da

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Chattopadhyay, Subha Sankar, Angana Datta, Aritra Ghosh, Suvadip Biswas, Krishnendu Mandal, and Supreeti Biswas. "Socio-economics: a propensity of self-medication among OPD patients of a teaching hospital." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 6, no. 1 (2016): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20164761.

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Background: Use of over the counter (OTC) drug is very much common in India. Not only medical professionals or educated urban population but also it is common in rural area and low educated person. This study was done to assess the extent of knowledge and practices of OTC drugs among OPD patients of a tertiary care hospital.Methods: A questionnaire based study was conducted among 1680 Medicine OPD (outpatient department) patients.Results: Among the participants, 62% patients taking OTC drugs at least once in their life. Most common symptoms for self-medication were fever (89%), cough and cold

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Nabi, Fahad, and Mohd Altaf Dar. "Impact of Community Pharmacists in Managing Over-The-Counter (OTC) Medications." Journal of Community Pharmacy Practice, no. 25 (September 15, 2022): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jcpp.25.18.26.

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OTC drugs are commonly utilized for self-care, providing customers with convenient access to remedies for common conditions without requiring a prescription. Improper utilization of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs can result in negative consequences such as adverse effects, drug interactions, and poor treatment. Community pharmacists have a vital role in overseeing over-the-counter (OTC) pharmaceuticals. They offer specialized guidance, ensure safe usage, and educate patients on acceptable self-medication practices. This paper examines the influence of community pharmacists in the management of o

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Velvizhy, R., Selvan MR Sabari, Seshatri Shanmugapriya, and R. Dhivya. "Take Home Message for Policy Makers: Study on Over-The-Counter Drugs among Puducherry Population." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 1 (2024): 176–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11093884.

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The inappropriate use of non-prescription drugs (NPD), particularly over-the-counter (OTC) medications, poses a significant global health challenge. This cross-sectional study conducted in Puducherry, India, aimed to assess the prevalence of OTC drug use and its adverse effects. The study involved 462 participants, mainly from the 20-40 age group, with a majority having graduate degrees. Private employees were found to use OTC drugs more frequently. Surprisingly, even with medical professionals participating, OTC medications were not replaced by prescribed alternatives. Many participants visit

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Kumari, Kusum, Mary Sunita Toppo, and Priyanki . "Self medication practices of over the counter analgesic drugs among medical students in a tertiary care hospital in Jharkhand, India." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 8, no. 5 (2019): 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20191573.

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Background: Self-medication is a very common practice which is gradually spreading all over the world. Analgesics are the most commonly available over the counter (OTC) drugs. They are used for pain relief in many diseases. Use of these analgesics has become a serious ailment because self- medication practices of analgesic drugs are increasing among general population as well as medical students. Being future medical practitioners, self-medication has a special impact in medical students. Various data are available regarding usage of OTC analgesic drugs but still data in Jharkhand are lacking.

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S., Subramanian, Satyanarayana V., and Bhandare Basavaraj. "A study on knowledge and practices of over the counter medications among 1st year medical students." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 7, no. 12 (2018): 2452. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20184864.

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Background: Self-medication is widely practiced worldwide and often considered as a component of self-care. Selfmedication assumes a special significance among the medical students as they are the future medical practitioners and have a potential role in counselling the patients about the advantages and disadvantages of self-medication. Self-medication assumes a special significance among the medical students as they are the future medical practitioners. Medical students also differ from the general population because they are well-exposed to the knowledge about diseases and drugs. Therefore t

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Patricia Carmen M. Berces, Rogeliza Marie D. Campo, Asiya A. Farouk, et al. "Knowledge, Perception, and Practices towards the Use of Over-the-Counter Drugs Among CEU Manila students before and during COVID-19 pandemic." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 24, no. 1 (2023): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2023.24.1.0278.

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The practice of self-management of symptoms through over-the-counter (OTC) drugs have long been present way before the COVID-19 pandemic and is a known “quick fix” for any discomfort. This research aims to assess the Knowledge, Perception, and Practices of the use of OTC drugs among CEU-Manila students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional correlational design was used as an approach to assess the respondent’s knowledge, perception, and practice. A random sampling method was used, and survey questionnaires were sent to 371 students of CEU Manila fr

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Bazanya, Rapheal, and Taddeo Mulumba. "KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICES OF SELF-MEDICATION AMONG ADULT PATIENTS AGED 18 YEARS AND ABOVE RECEIVING HEALTH CARE SERVICES IN THE EYE CLINIC OF JINJA REGIONAL REFERRAL HOSPITAL. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY." SJ Ophthalmology Africa 1, no. 4 (2024): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.51168/v1c6e805.

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Purpose of the study This was to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices of self-medication among adult patients aged 18 years and above receiving health care services in the eye clinic of Jinja Regional Referral Hospital, carried out from November 2022 to April 2023. Study methods A cross-sectional descriptive study design employing both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection was used in the form of a questionnaire, 30 patients aged 18 years and above who agreed to be included in the study were used. Results Concerning knowledge about self-medication, it revealed tha

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Vrushali, Gaikwad* Sonal Kumbhar Dr. Nilesh Chougule. "Pharmacovigilance and Over Counter Drugs Ensuring Safety." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 12 (2024): 1193–212. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14361696.

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Pharmacovigilance is critical for monitoring the safety and efficacy of all pharmaceutical products, including over-the-counter (OTC) drugs like paracetamol (acetaminophen) and ibuprofen, which are commonly used for pain relief and fever reduction. Although these medications are available without a prescription, their widespread use presents potential risks due to improper dosing, drug interactions, and the lack of professional oversight. This review examines the role of pharmacovigilance in ensuring the safety of OTC drugs, specifically focusing on paracetamol and ibuprofen, two of the most f

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Patricia, Carmen M. Berces, Marie D. Campo Rogeliza, A. Farouk Asiya, et al. "Knowledge, Perception, and Practices towards the Use of Over-the-Counter Drugs Among CEU Manila students before and during COVID-19 pandemic." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 24, no. 1 (2023): 329–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8265476.

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The practice of self-management of symptoms through over-the-counter (OTC) drugs have long been present way before the COVID-19 pandemic and is a known “quick fix” for any discomfort. This research aims to assess the Knowledge, Perception, and Practices of the use of OTC drugs among CEU-Manila students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional correlational design was used as an approach to assess the respondent’s knowledge, perception, and practice. A random sampling method was used, and survey questionnaires were sent to 371 student

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Adedoyin, Adebayo Kabirat, Taiwo Bakare-Abidola, Esther Chigbaziru Nwojiji, Iyiola Aanuoluwa Temitayo, and Iyiola Emmanuel Bukola. "Assessment of Microbial Contamination in Over-the-Counter (OTC) Drugs: A Review." South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology 19, no. 6 (2025): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2025/v19i6437.

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This review aims to assess the extent of microbial contamination in over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, highlighting the importance of quality control in the pharmaceutical industry. Microbial contamination in OTC drugs poses significant risks to public health, particularly as these products are widely available for self-administration without healthcare supervision. It explores the common sources of contamination, including manufacturing practices, storage conditions, and packaging materials. The review further examines regulatory guidelines from organizations such as the WHO, USP, and BP, which se

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Vaishnavi, Landkar* Harish Kumar Rathod Dr. Swati Deshmukh. "A Survey on Trends and Awareness of Over the Counter (OTC) Drugs." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 5 (2025): 3990–698. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15484443.

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Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are widely used for self-medication and minor health issues without the need for a prescription. This study aims to evaluate the current trends and level of public awareness regarding the use of OTC medications. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a diverse population, including students, working professionals, and elderly individuals. The questionnaire focused on the frequency of OTC drug use, reasons for self-medication, knowledge of drug side effects, and sources of drug-related information. Results indicate that while a significant portion of the popul

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Ganapa, Praveena, and Kishore Y. Jothula. "Study on usage of over the counter medication among college students in Telangana: a cross sectional study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 9 (2019): 3939. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20193997.

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Background: The use of over the counter medications (OTC) has been reported to be on rise internationally. The OTC drug market in India currently ranks 11th in the global OTC market. Since Indian patients have a huge tendency of self-treatment, the Indian market is characterized by a huge demand for OTC drugs. Hence the current study is undertaken to know the practices of over the counter medication among college students.Methods: Institutional based cross sectional study carried out in Pharmacy College and all interested students were included with sample size of 141. Data was collected by in

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Maharjan, M., and K. Adhikari. "Practices on Over the Counter Medication among Mothers of Under Five Aged Children Attending Child OPD at Friends of Shanta Bhawan, Boudha, Kathmandu." Health Prospect 10 (July 22, 2018): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hprospect.v10i0.5640.

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Background: Over the counter medicines are drugs that are brought without a medical prescription. The use of many OTC medicines in children is usually initiated by parents. Self medication in developing countries from a biological point of view point the risks that are involved in developing countries are reportedly higher than in industrialized countries. This can be related to the fact that in many developing countries drugs are available over the counter. In a study conducted in Pokhara, western Nepal found that 59% had taken self medication including OTC medicines.Objective: To assess the

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Nikathenna, H. M. Lakmali Saumya, H. A. Tharushi Dharmapriya, W. M. Kalpani Madhushika Ratnayake, T. Prabodhya Kalpani Jayasiri, and D. Hashini Anjala Mendis. "Preliminary Study on Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices on Selling Over-the-Counter Oral Medicines by Pharmacy Workers in Colombo District." CINEC Academic Journal 6, no. 1 (2023): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/caj.v6i1.116.

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Over-the-counter is also known as non-prescription medicine. Although, OTC can be bought without a prescription, self-medication and overusing the medications can cause many side effects. Hence, responsible selling of drugs with recommendations on proper and safe use is a key role of pharmacists and other pharmacy workers. The aim of this study was to investigate knowledge, attitudes and practices of selling orally administered OTC medicines by pharmacy workers in the Colombo district. A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed among pharmacy workers in the Colombo district, including p

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Sawsan, Alseid, Elmahjoubi Eman, and Rghebi Nabila. "Evaluation of Over-the-Counter Counselling Practices by Libyan Community Pharmacists." Alq J Med App Sci 4, no. 2 (2021): 126–36. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5046338.

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Background and objectives: Community pharmacy is a unique hybrid of professionalism and business and dealing with dispensing medicines to outpatient. The pharmacist in community pharmacies plays a crucial role in promoting, maintaining and improving the health of the community; since he/she answers questions about prescription and Over- The- Counter (OTC) drugs and gives advice about home health care supplies and durable medical equipment. Involvement of pharmacists in Over- The- Counter (OTC) counselling will increase the patient ability to understand the risks and benefits of (OTC) drug. The

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Alanazi, Ibtisam Hamoud, Sabah Dhaifallah Alanazi, Shouq Lafui Alanazwi, Sara Hassan Alshehri, and Kousalya Prabahar. "Dispensing Errors and Self-medication Practices—Pharmacists’ Experience in Tabuk: A Cross-sectional Study." Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences 16, no. 2 (2024): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1288_23.

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ABSTRACT Background: Community pharmacists are engaged in various professional activities starting from drug dispensing to promoting the well-being of patients. They dispense medications as stated in the prescription and are also licensed to prescribe over-the-counter (OTC) medications. Self-medication is widely practiced in various countries, which may lead to irrational drug use. The objectives of this study were to identify the factors associated with dispensing errors, to find ways to minimize dispensing errors, to identify patients’ reasons for self-medication, and to find the drugs commo

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Sanooz, A. R. M. "Over-the-Counter Medicines: A Narrative Review in the Global and Sri Lankan Context." Batticaloa Medical Journal 19, no. 1 (2025): 57–61. https://doi.org/10.4038/bmj.v19i1.77.

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Over-the-counter (OTC) Medicines are drugs purchased from community pharmacies or groceries without a prescription. They are mainly utilised for minor elements of diseases. The types of medications authorised under the OTC category differ among countries, and their utilisation is globally increasing. This short review aims to identify the global and Sri Lankan context of OTC Medicines, specifically for the allopathic medicines. The literature search was done through Clinical Key, PubMed, Google Scholar and Hinari using MeSH terms like OTC Medicines, Over the Counter Medicines in Sri Lanka, Sel

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Lebanova, Hristina, Stefan Balkanski, Emilia Naseva, and Ilko N. Getov. "What does self-medication counseling in Bulgarian community pharmacies look like – a field study." Pharmacia 67, no. 4 (2020): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.67.e57752.

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The aim of the study is to identify the current practices of self-medication in Bulgaria, estimate the extent patients are influenced by information about the safety of OTC products and pharmacists’ role and behavior in the process. An anonymous, questionnaire-based, descriptive study was carried out among 280 pharmacists. The majority of the patients (92.6%) ask for pharmacists’ advice before buying OTC products. Most often patients need OTC drugs for mild conditions (80.7%), to save time (63.9%), and because they are unable to consult a physician (61.9%). The medium duration of consultation

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Lebanova, Hristina, Stefan Balkanski, Emilia Naseva, and Ilko N. Getov. "What does self-medication counseling in Bulgarian community pharmacies look like – a field study." Pharmacia 67, no. (4) (2020): 289–93. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.67.e57752.

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The aim of the study is to identify the current practices of self-medication in Bulgaria, estimate the extent patients are influenced by information about the safety of OTC products and pharmacists' role and behavior in the process. An anonymous, questionnaire-based, descriptive study was carried out among 280 pharmacists. The majority of the patients (92.6%) ask for pharmacists' advice before buying OTC products. Most often patients need OTC drugs for mild conditions (80.7%), to save time (63.9%), and because they are unable to consult a physician (61.9%). The medium duration of consultation

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Basheer, Sayana, Praveen Kulkarni, N. A. Simlum, and Anchu R. Nath. "Navigating Over-the-counter Medication Use for Under 5 Children Comparing Urban, Rural and Tribal Parental Approaches: A Cross-sectional Study." Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University 20, no. 2 (2025): 403–7. https://doi.org/10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_104_25.

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Abstract Background: Medicines sold directly to consumers without a prescription from a healthcare professional are known as over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Self-medication has become integral to many healthcare systems worldwide with the improvement of awareness, education, and socioeconomic status. Thus, this study aims to determine the prevalence of OTC drug usage by parents for self-medicating their under-five children among the urban, rural, and tribal populations. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted over 4 months (July 2024 to October 2024), involving 300 parents of child

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Mkola, Mafwolo, Awami Rajabu, and Mgonja Frida Richard. "Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Toward Over-the-Counter Medication Use; Among Selected Students at Sokoine University of Agriculture." International Research in Education 10, no. 2 (2022): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ire.v10i2.19921.

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Every day, we are practicing self-medication (SM) with over-the-counter (OTC) drugs within the frame of self-care for our wellbeing. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices on OTC medication use among selected students at Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) in the College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (CVMBS). A cross-sectional study was carried out at CVMBS, in Morogoro included veterinary students and non-veterinary students. A simple random sampling technique was used to select samples and the data were collected using a self-administered questionn

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Shakya, Sangita, Susmita Sedai, and Ronas Shakya. "The Practice of OTC Dispensing by Community Pharmacist in Nepal." Journal of Advanced Academic Research 8, no. 1 (2021): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaar.v8i1.38422.

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Over the counter (OTC) medications are the group of drugs that can be sold without the prescription of a registered medical practitioner to the consumers. Pharmacists are the most accessible health care professionals to the patient for the treatment of their minor illness. To provide appropriate advice to the patient at the time of dispensing and over-the-counter (OTC) medication counselling, community pharmacists need access to current and reliable information about medicines. A descriptive study was conducted on fifty pharmacists present in the community pharmacy of Kathmandu and Lalitpur di

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Penupothu, Sree Nagamani, and Lalitha Hanumanthu. "A comparative study on self medication practices in ACSR Government medical college in Nellore, India." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 7, no. 5 (2018): 941. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20181639.

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Background: Self medication is rampant in medical undergraduates. There is a need to evaluate the extent and factors that govern self medication. This study was conducted in 7th semester and 5th semester undergraduates to compare the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding self medication.Methods: It is a questionnaire based study in a total of 294 medical students comprising 147 students each belonging to 7th and 5th semesters to assess determinants and practice methods of self medication in the past one year.Results: 100% of 7th semester and 90% of 5th semester students self medicated. Ma

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Panero, Cinzia, and Luca Persico. "Attitudes Toward and Use of Over-The-Counter Medications among Teenagers: Evidence from an Italian Study." International Journal of Marketing Studies 8, no. 3 (2016): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v8n3p65.

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<p>In recent years, the consumption of Over-The-Counter (OTC) drugs has increased. Previous studies have pointed out that the OTC medications are misused and abused by teenagers, who often show poor knowledge of the toxicity of these drugs.</p><p>The paper aims to analyze the use of OTCs by teenagers and the factors that influence their consumption.</p><p>This paper is based on quantitative data. A web-based survey was administered to the students of an Italian high school. The questionnaire included queries on the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the student

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Amanullah, Iram, Ayesha Aleem, Tazien Tariq, et al. "Assessment of over-the-counter medication use among pregnant women visiting public and private tertiary hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan." Bulletin of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Research 2 (December 31, 2023): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.58398/0005.000012.

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Over-the-counter (OTC) medications are considered safe when used as directed agents and are widely used for self-medication due to their accessibility and affordability. However, self-medication during pregnancy can lead to irrational drug use and potential complications. This study aimed to assess the use of OTC medicines among pregnant women visiting public and private tertiary care hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was conducted over three months in 2023 involving 170 pregnant women at public hospitals and 155 at private hospitals. The data were collected using a struct

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Kotwani, Anita, Jyoti Joshi, and Anjana Sankhil Lamkang. "Over-the-Counter Sale of Antibiotics in India: A Qualitative Study of Providers’ Perspectives across Two States." Antibiotics 10, no. 9 (2021): 1123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10091123.

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India has one of the highest rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) worldwide. Despite being prescription drugs, antibiotics are commonly available over-the-counter (OTC) at retail pharmacies. We aimed to gain insight into the OTC sale of antibiotics at retail pharmacies and to elucidate its underlying drivers. We conducted face-to-face, in-depth interviews using convenience sampling with 22 pharmacists and 14 informal dispensers from 36 retail pharmacies across two Indian states (Haryana and Telangana). Thematic analysis revealed that antibiotics were often dispensed OTC for conditions e.g.,

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Fitriana, Ida, Antasiswa Windraningtyas Rosetyadewi, Ika Nindya Irianti, and Agustina Dwi Wijayanti. "Off-Label Use of Human Over-the-Counter (OTC) Products in Veterinary Medicine: A Literature Review on Effects, Risks, and Safety Precautions." Indonesian Journal of Veterinary Science 4, no. 2 (2023): 61. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijvs.v4i2.106709.

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The off-label use of human over-the-counter (OTC) medications in veterinary medicine is a common but potentially hazardous practice, particularly in regions where access to veterinary-approved drugs is limited. While some OTC agents, such as diphenhydramine or melatonin, may offer therapeutic benefits under veterinary supervision, many others pose significant risks due to species-specific differences in drug metabolism, narrow safety margins, and the presence of toxic excipients such as xylitol, pseudoephedrine, or acetaminophen. This literature review examines the rationale behind such practi

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Abdelfattah, Essam M., Pius S. Ekong, Emmanuel Okello, et al. "Factors Associated with Antimicrobial Stewardship Practices on California Dairies: One Year Post Senate Bill 27." Antibiotics 11, no. 2 (2022): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11020165.

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Background: The current study is aimed at identifying the factors associated with antimicrobial drug (AMD) use and stewardship practices on conventional California (CA) dairies a year after CA Senate Bill 27. Methods: Responses from 113 out of 1282 dairies mailed a questionnaire in 2019 were analyzed to estimate the associations between management practices and six outcomes including producer familiarity with medically important antimicrobial drugs (MIADs), restricted use of MIADs previously available over the counter (OTC), use of alternatives to AMD, changes in on-farm management practices,

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Nnenna, Ajagu*. "Pharmacist Role in Monitoring Self Medication and Self-Care with Over-the-Counter Nutritional and Herbal Supplements in Nigeria: A Review." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 5 (2025): 108–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15319310.

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This review undertakes a thorough examination of the pivotal role that pharmacists play in Nigeria in the critical activity of monitoring self-medication and self-care practices. This monitoring specifically focuses on the utilization of over-the-counter (OTC) nutritional supplements and herbal remedies. The practice of self-medication in Nigeria is a widespread phenomenon, often fueled by a complex and diverse set of underlying factors. One significant driver of self-medication is the limited availability and accessibility of essential prescription medications for a considerable portion of th

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Kumari, Rashmi, Kiran Kiran, Dinesh Kumar, Rakesh Bahl, and Rajiv Gupta. "Study of Knowledge and Practices of Self-Medication among Medical Students at Jammu." JMS SKIMS 15, no. 2 (2012): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33883/jms.v15i2.252.

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BACKGROUND: Self-medication is the treatment of common health problems with medicines that are taken an patient's own initiative or on advice of a pharmacist, without professional supervision. It is now becoming a common practice in many countries mainly due to lack of access to health care, easy availability of OTC drugs in market and poor drug regulatory practices. OBJECTIVE: To assess the knowledge and practices of self-medication among medical students. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out among the students of GMC Jammu in August 2011, after faking approval from IE

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Nirupama, A. Y., K. R. Sowmiya, and G. Ravivarman. "Non-doctor prescription practices among women in Tamil Nadu: understanding the attitude towards over-the-counter drugs." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, no. 9 (2022): 3450. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20222205.

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Background: Even though India has a very high burden of non-doctor prescription practices, there is no regulatory body governing the availability of OTC drugs unlike the Western countries. This study was aimed at evaluating the non-doctor prescription practices and the factors keeping the population away from healthcare facilities.Methods: This was a community based cross-section study including 234 women aged 18 years and above from urban and rural field practice areas of a teaching hospital in Tamil Nadu. Data was collected using a validated and pilot tested 4-part interview process and anal

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Gajdhar, Sajda Khan, Shaiq Gajdhar, Syed Mukith, Khamrunissa Hussain, Smita Chaware, and Vanaja Reddy. "Over-the-Counter (OTC) Analgesics in Dentistry: Patterns of Use, Safety, and Efficacy." International Research Journal of Medicine and Surgery 02, no. 02 (2025): 13–17. https://doi.org/10.47857/irjmeds.2025.v02i02.026.

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Over-the-counter (OTC) analgesics are commonly used for the initial management of dental pain due to their accessibility and fast-acting relief. In dentistry, medications such as ibuprofen, paracetamol, and aspirin are frequently recommended for conditions ranging from toothache to postoperative discomfort and minor oral infections. These drugs are favored for their proven pharmacokinetics, including rapid onset and high oral bioavailability, making them valuable tools for both clinicians and patients. In addition to pharmacological treatments, non-drug adjuncts like cold therapy and chlorhexi

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Grynkiewicz, G., and W. Maruszak. "Open Space Knowledge and Data and Their Influence on Natural Products Based Self-Medication Trends." Cancer Studies and Therapeutics 4, no. 3 (2019): 1–3. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3579114.

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Contemporary academic (conventional) medicine, based on current advancements in life sciences and applying evidence based efficacy and safety principles, has evolved from ancient cultures of well-being and healing practices, which originated in prehistoric times, and it co-exists with their ethno-medicine remnants conveniently described as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) [1, 2]. Global healthcare crisis, which has led to acceptance and even encouragement of CAM practices as an aid to conventional medicine, is a phenomenon of great complexity, comprising processes of various speed

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Qnais, Esam, Muna Barakat, Roaa Alnajjar, et al. "Awareness, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding OTC Drugs in Circassian and Chechen Communities in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study." Patient Preference and Adherence Volume 19 (June 2025): 1661–72. https://doi.org/10.2147/ppa.s525522.

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Jain, Shubham, Aditya Thakur, Kunal Peepre, Shivika Kaushal, and Pradeep Kasar. "Prevalence of self-medication practices among the residents of urban slums located near govt. medical college, Jabalpur." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 2 (2018): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20180274.

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Background: Self-medication is defined as medication taken on the patient’s own initiative or on the advice of pharmacist or any other lay person. Self-medication can be described as a double edged sword for its users, because it has both beneficial and harmful effects. According to recent community based study in 2016 prevalence of self-medication in developing countries varies from 12% to as high as 73% in different communities. The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence of self-medication among the residents of urban slums located near Govt. medical college, Jabalpur and to i

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Kulkarni, Prerana P., Tanvi S. Madane, and Anjali Kumbhar. "Prevalence of self-medication practices in the Maharashtra population: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 13, no. 3 (2024): 344–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20240990.

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Background: Self-medication is a significant issue in public health, with varying global prevalence. It is one of the major causes of the emergence of antibiotic resistance in India. The study's objective was to identify the pattern, cause, and adverse events of self-medication in Maharashtra's urban and rural areas. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a pre-populated questionnaire; including information on age (18-85 years), non-prescription and prescription medication use. Age, gender, past medical and medication history, social history, and self-medication pattern, frequen

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Kahanov, Leamor, Jeff Roberts, and Emily M. Wughalter. "Adherence to Drug-Dispensation and Drug-Administration Laws and Guidelines in Collegiate Athletic Training Rooms: A 5-Year Review." Journal of Athletic Training 45, no. 3 (2010): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-45.3.299.

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Abstract Context: To both ensure athletes' safety and avoid legal penalties, athletic trainers' (ATs') handling of medications in the athletic training room should conform with federal and state statutes. Objective: To revisit drug dispensation and administration in collegiate athletic training rooms 5 years after the initial study. Design: Survey study. Setting: College and university athletic training rooms. Patients or Other Participants: All 4627 certified ATs employed in National Collegiate Athletic Association Divisions I, II, and III and National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics

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Ekong, Pius S., Essam M. Abdelfattah, Emmanuel Okello, et al. "2018 Survey of factors associated with antimicrobial drug use and stewardship practices in adult cows on conventional California dairies: immediate post-Senate Bill 27 impact." PeerJ 9 (July 13, 2021): e11596. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11596.

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Background Antimicrobial drugs (AMD) are critical for the treatment, control, and prevention of diseases in humans and food-animals. Good AMD stewardship practices and judicious use of AMD are beneficial to the preservation of animal and human health from antimicrobial resistance threat. This study reports on changes in AMD use and stewardship practices on California (CA) dairies, following the implementation of CA Senate Bill 27 (SB 27; codified as Food and Agricultural Code, FAC 14400–14408; here onward referred to as SB 27), by modeling the associations between management practices on CA co

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Rojas, Katia M., and Huiyang Li. "Adverse Events and Over-the-Counter (OTC) Drugs: Is Inappropriate Labeling the Problem? - The Case of Acetaminophen." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (2017): 676–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601656.

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Incorrect use of acetaminophen that results in severe liver injury is among the most common adverse drug events (ADEs) in the United States of America (USA), and other countries around the world. Compared to any other drug, it is also on the top for emergency calls, emergency room visits, and acute liver failure in the USA. Consequently, regulating acetaminophen has become a heated and unresolved public debate. During the last decades, multiple efforts have taken place to address the issue, mostly focused on the premise that inappropriate labeling is a leading cause of such ADEs, for failure i

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G., Vishnu Priya, Sankara Babu Gorle, and Madhav P. "A questionnaire base survey on the knowledge, attitude and practices about antimicrobial resistance and usage among the faculty and resident doctor of teaching tertiary care hospital, Chittoor, India." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 8, no. 7 (2019): 1673. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20192670.

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Background: 10million could die every year due to antibiotic resistant infections by 2050 unless the threat is addressed. Irrational use of antibiotic use is a global phenomenon. So, 50% all anti bionics are prescribed, sold are dispensed inappropriately, while 50% of patients are not taking antibiotics correctly (WHO 2004).Methods: This was a cross section study it was a conducted in RVS institute, tertiary care teaching hospital. Chittoor. The questionnaire was distributed along the faculty resident doctors and senior faculty of this RVS institute Where their knowledge, attitude, practice re

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Gabriel, Dimple C., and Bhavani Bangarkodi Balakrishna. "Knowledge and practices of self-medication among adolescents." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 8, no. 9 (2021): 1557. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20213318.

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Background: Self-medication begins in early adolescence, often during the middle school years. By the age of 16, nearly all adolescents have taken medicine independently for minor illnesses and become more involved with managing chronic conditions. Taking medications without a doctor's prescription, even if the ailment is minor, can have serious repercussions. A large number of potent drugs such as pain relievers, cough remedies, anti-allergies, laxatives, antibiotics, antacids and vitamins are sold over-the-counter (OTC). The present study aimed to assess “the knowledge and practices of self-

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Ali, Mohammad Daud, Danah Mubarak Aldhufairi, Lama Nadir Alharbi, et al. "Knowledge, attitudes, and practice of community pharmacists towards providing counselling on acid suppressant medications in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia." Pharmacia 72 (February 17, 2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.72.e142218.

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Acid suppressant medications, widely used to manage gastric acid secretions and related disorders, rely heavily on the expertise of community pharmacists. This underscores the importance of understanding community pharmacists’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding counseling on acid-suppressant medications. A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted from the end of 23rd August 2024 to the beginning of 30th September 2024. This study showed that most participants, 146 (64.6%), were females. 119 (52.65%), participants have good knowledge regarding acid suppressants vs. 107 (47.35

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Ali, Mohammad Daud, Aldhufairi Danah Mubarak, Alharbi Lama Nadir, et al. "Knowledge, attitudes, and practice of community pharmacists towards providing counselling on acid suppressant medications in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia." Pharmacia 72 (February 17, 2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.72.e142218.

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Acid suppressant medications, widely used to manage gastric acid secretions and related disorders, rely heavily on the expertise of community pharmacists. This underscores the importance of understanding community pharmacists' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding counseling on acid-suppressant medications. A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted from the end of 23rd August 2024 to the beginning of 30th September 2024. This study showed that most participants, 146 (64.6%), were females. 119 (52.65%), participants have good knowledge regarding acid suppressants vs. 107 (47.35

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Anaam, Mohammed. "Awareness, beliefs, and self-medication practice of acne vulgaris among medical and pharmacy students in Yemen: A cross-sectional study." Pharmacy Education 25, no. 1 (2025): 191–203. https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2025.251.191203.

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Background: Acne is a prevalent global skin condition, impacting around 9.4% of the population. This chronic inflammatory disease is commonly observed in the adolescent age group. The practice of self-medication for acne is widespread among medical and pharmacy students. This study aimed to evaluate self-medication practices and explore medical and pharmacy students’ awareness, beliefs, and attitudes towards acne vulgaris. Methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted among medical and pharmacy students in four colleges in the capital city of Yemen. All students attending

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Singh, Sahil, Divakar Balusamy, Anita Sinha, Mamtarani Verma, and Dhairya Jain. "Attitudes, patterns and awareness on the use of self-medication and non-doctor prescription methods among undergraduate medical, nursing and physiotherapy students of a tertiary care setting in south Gujarat." Indian Journal of Community Health 35, no. 3 (2023): 308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2023.v35i03.010.

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Background: According to WHO Self-medication can be defined as the use of drugs to treat self-diagnosed disorders, or the intermittent or continued use of a prescribed drug for chronic or recurrent disease or symptoms. Aim & Objective: To assess and improve the level of awareness regarding self-medication non-prescription medicines and over the counter drugs, to assess the prevalence and determinants of self-medication practices among undergraduate students. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study design was used to carry out a study at tertiary care centre. Methods and Material: Soci

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