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Journal articles on the topic 'Other Backward Classes (OBC)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Wayal, Amar. "The Invisible Presence of OBC: A Literary Voice." International Journal of Comparative Literature and Translation Studies 9, no. 2 (2021): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijclts.v.9n.2p.32.

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This paper analyzes the writing on OBC literature to contribute, presumably in a bit of way, toward opening up a dialogue among them regarding what constitutes meaningful literary efforts and selecting OBC literature because OBC has not much mattered yet, not in the aura of postcolonial, cultural, and subaltern studies. In order to initiate a dialogue about the undersideof the literary world, the term OBC literature appears as one of the mechanisms for producing social, political, and educational consciousness in society. The existence of this consciousness, shaped by the backward commissions,

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2

Shabir, Ahmed, and Kiran. "Awareness about Career Avenues and Welfare Schemes among Students Belonged to Teli Caste of Other Backward Classes." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 3, no. 12 (2018): 66–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2207288.

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Information is facts about someone or something, which provides the answer to a question of some kind or resolves uncertainty. As per John Locke human beings are born with no information and their mind is blank slate or tabula rasa at the time of birth, which turned into a storehouse of knowledge as a result of information gained from experience, observation and perception. The process of learning starts right from the birth of a child and continues till the last breath. Thus, continuous learning for expansion of the base of knowledge has converted the societies into knowledge societies where

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Arya, Vikas, Andrew Page, Rakhi Dandona, Lakshmi Vijayakumar, Peter Mayer, and Gregory Armstrong. "The Geographic Heterogeneity of Suicide Rates in India by Religion, Caste, Tribe, and Other Backward Classes." Crisis 40, no. 5 (2019): 370–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000574.

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Abstract. Background: Caste, tribal, and religious associations, which are perhaps the most important aspects of personal and social lives in India, have been neglected in Indian suicide research. Aim: To investigate suicide rates in India by religion, caste, tribe, and other backward classes over the period 2014–2015. Method: This study acquired unpublished suicide data from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) for 2014 and 2015 including caste, tribal, and religious associations of suicide cases. National and state-specific suicide rates (2014–2015) were then calculated for Hindus, Musli

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Jassal, Smita Tewari. "‘Most Backward Castes’, State Neglect and Rage: Violence in Rural North India." Contributions to Indian Sociology 57, no. 1-2 (2023): 64–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00699659231205438.

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Complaints filed in Indian police stations offer a unique lens on the marginality and violence experienced by a range of castes recognised as Other Backward Classes (OBC), beneficiaries of the state’s reservation policies. Focusing on reports registered by a caste group within the OBC category, this article illuminates two separate forms of violent conflict: inter-caste conflicts over scarce resources within the Nishad/Mallah caste and their competition and strife with other upwardly mobile disadvantaged groups. The failure of the state to offer vulnerable groups protection is a critical eleme

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Jaffrelot, Christophe. "The Rise of the Other Backward Classes in the Hindi Belt." Journal of Asian Studies 59, no. 1 (2000): 86–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2658585.

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The rise of the other backward classes (OBCs) is certainly one of the main developments in the Hindi-belt politics over the last ten years. The OBCs are castes in the Indian social system that are situated above the Untouchables but below the forward castes (the “twice born,” Brahmins, Kshatriyas [warriors] and Vaishyas [merchants]) and the intermediate castes (mostly peasant proprietors and even dominant castes). They form the bulk of the Shudras—the fourth category (varna) of the classical Hindu social arrangement. The OBCs, whose professional activity is often as field-workers or artisans,

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Prof., Dr. Ashok R. Shinde, and Vivek Vishwanath Bongale Mr. "Commerce Without Borders: Inclusive Education for Socially Disadvantaged Groups." International Journal of Humanities, Social Science, Business Management & Commerce 09, no. 02 (2025): 01–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15549542.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> In India, an education in commerce opens doors to professional growth, successful entrepreneurship, and economic empowerment. However, socially disadvantaged groups including those from Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), the Other Backward Classes (OBC), religious minorities, economically weakened sections (EWS), and women from marginalized backgrounds continue to face unequal access to this stream. Through a thorough examination of secondary data sources such as the All-India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE), the Unified District Systems for Education Pl

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BAJPAI, ROCHANA. "Rhetoric as Argument: Social Justice and Affirmative Action in India, 1990." Modern Asian Studies 44, no. 4 (2009): 675–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x09990035.

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AbstractSocial justice is a key concept in the theory and practice of affirmative action. In India, social justice has come to serve as shorthand for affirmative action for disadvantaged groups, mainly lower castes. This paper provides a detailed analytical interpretation of social justice in a landmark legislative debate on quotas in India, namely the 1990 Mandal debate. It unpacks political rhetoric to reveal distinct conceptions of social justice, shows that claims for quotas for Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in the bureaucracy drew substantially on principles of social justice and democrac

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Khuntia, Janmejoy, and Shiba C. Panda. "Distribution of number of MSMEs and employment therein with reference to social groups in India – An inter- state comparison using fourth MSME census data." VEETHIKA-An International Interdisciplinary Research Journal 2, no. 4 (2016): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.48001/veethika.2016.02.04.007.

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Since independence, India’s focus has consistently remained on the development of small industrial sector for its role in promoting industrial democracy and providing employment to local population. During the last six-decade period after independence, India has continuously modified and upgraded the policy relating to small sector which is now popularly known as micro, small and medium enterprise (MSME) sector. The enterprises in this sector are owned by population belonging to different social groups such as scheduled caste (SC), scheduled tribe (ST), other backward classes (OBC) and others

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9

Haokip, Sonkhothang. "Reservation Policy." Journal for Peace and Justice Studies 31, no. 1 (2022): 100–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/peacejustice20223116.

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“Reservation Policy: An Analysis of Scheduled Tribes Reservation on Higher Education in Manipur.” This paper examines how marginalized social groups are admitted to Manipur’s universities, notably Manipur University. In Manipur, the reservation proportion is as follows: unreserved 40%, economically weaker 10%, Scheduled Tribes (ST) 31%, Scheduled Castes (SC) 2%, and Other Backward Classes (OBC) (17%). This research focused on Manipur’s shortage of quota provisions in higher education admissions. Tribal peoples, who already have 31% of the reservation opportunity, were outraged by this. All min

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Das, Shweta Kumari, and Nikita Kumari Das. "Reservation in India: Social Justice or Political Agenda?" RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 7, no. 10 (2022): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2022.v07.i10.020.

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With more than 3000 castes and all the major religious groups of the world, India is certainly a personification of religious and cultural diversity. The Constitution makers were very well aware of the fact that this diversity entails a form of segmental equality owing to which the idea of compensatory discrimination was included in the constitution. Therefore, through Article 16(4) and 46, reservation in matters of public education and employment were provided for the upliftment of the backward and deprived classes, namely the Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST). However, politici

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Kumar, Ajit. "Union Budget 2021 and Economic Growth: Inclusion and Exclusion in Emerging India." International Journal of Community and Social Development 4, no. 1 (2022): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/25166026221079434.

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This note contextualises the ‘choice’ India exercised in her Union Budget 2021. This budget stressed on privatisation and economic growth. As the Indian social structure evolved historically, it came to comprise several communities excluded from mainstream life. Independent India evolved a development trajectory that combined democratic structures with participative decision-making processes buttressed by constitutional provisions in the form of quotas/reservations in legislatures, education and jobs. This trajectory succeeded in forming an elite section from some of the Scheduled Caste (SC) a

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Meher, Sasmita, Sujata Acharya, and Venkateswar Meher. "Job Satisfaction among Secondary School Teachers in Tribal Areas of Odisha: A Comparative Study." Journal of Education, Society and Behavioural Science 38, no. 4 (2025): 121–34. https://doi.org/10.9734/jesbs/2025/v38i41406.

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This study investigates job satisfaction among secondary school teachers working in the tribal regions of Western Odisha. The study aimed to assess overall job satisfaction levels and examine variations based on gender, caste category, marital status, and years of teaching experience. A quantitative, descriptive survey design was employed. The sample consisted of 459 teachers drawn from 50 randomly selected secondary schools in tribal areas of Western Odisha. The Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (JSQ) by Amar Singh and T. R. Sharma was used to gather data. Findings revealed that male, married, a

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Kumar, Dr Sanjeev. "Unfinished Discourse Of ‘Backwardness’ In Independent India." Migration Letters 20, S5 (2023): 1296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.59670/ml.v20is5.8377.

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This paper discusses the Second Backward Commission (Mandal Commission) and its impact on the discourse of backwardness in India. It provides an overview of the formation and function of the Mandal Commission of India. It was established to address the issue of ‘socially and educationally backward classes’ in country in the late 1980s. The Commission identified backwardness based on eleven social, educational and economic indicators and recommended the formation of a third category of groups eligible for reservations called ‘Other Backward Classes’ (OBCs). The article also highlights the contr

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Corbridge, Stuart. "Competing Inequalities: The Scheduled Tribes and the Reservations System in India's Jharkhand." Journal of Asian Studies 59, no. 1 (2000): 62–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2658584.

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This paper reports on the economic and political consequences of reserving government and public-sector jobs for members of the Scheduled Tribes in the Indian State of Bihar. It also contributes to a more general debate on the system of compensatory discrimination that has existed in India since the 1940s, and which was made tangible for middle class Indians by the decision of the government of V. P. Singh (1989–90) to adopt some of the recommendations of the Second Backward Classes Commission (1979–80: chairman B. P. Mandal). The Mandal Commission report advised that a system of reserved jobs

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Kumari, Meena, and Sanjay K. Mohanty. "Caste, religion and regional differentials in life expectancy at birth in India: cross-sectional estimates from recent National Family Health Survey." BMJ Open 10, no. 8 (2020): e035392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035392.

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ObjectiveThough estimates of longevity are available by states, age, sex and place of residence in India, disaggregated estimates by social and economic groups are limited. This study estimates the life expectancy at birth and premature mortality by caste, religion and regions of India.DesignThis study primarily used cross-sectional data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), 2015–2016 and the Sample Registration System (SRS), 2011–2015. The NFHS-4 is the largest ever demographic and health survey covering 601 509 households and 811 808 individuals across all states and union territo

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More, Seema Laxman, and Dr. Hanumant T. Kurkute. "Impact of the New Education Policy on Reservation Policies in Higher Education: Challenges and Opportunities." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 6, no. 20 (2025): 56–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15348166.

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The New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 aims to bring transformative changes to the Indian education system by focusing on accessibility, quality, and inclusivity. While the policy emphasizes holistic and multidisciplinary education, skill development, and flexibility in learning, its implications on existing reservation policies in higher education remain a contentious issue. Reservation policies have historically played a crucial role in promoting social justice by ensuring representation for marginalized communities, including Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), Other Backward Classes

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Deshpande, Ashwini, and Rajesh Ramachandran. "Caste disparities and affirmative action in India." Oxford Review of Economic Policy 40, no. 3 (2024): 630–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grae033.

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Abstract This paper uses data from the National Family and Health Survey (NFHS) for India for 2019–21 to present estimates of contemporary caste gaps in education, occupational distribution, and wealth between three broad groups: Scheduled Castes–Scheduled Tribes (SC–ST), Other Backward Classes (OBCs), and Others, the latter being a proxy for higher-ranked castes and communities. We find the caste gaps continue to be significant, indicating the persistence of the traditional caste hierarchy. We then assess how these gaps have evolved since the previous round of NFHS (2015–16). We find converge

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Saha, Jay, Sabbir Mondal, Pradip Chouhan, Mulazim Hussain, Juan Yang, and Asma Bibi. "Occurrence of Diarrheal Disease among Under-Five Children and Associated Sociodemographic and Household Environmental Factors: An Investigation Based on National Family Health Survey-4 in Rural India." Children 9, no. 5 (2022): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9050658.

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Diarrheal disease is a significant public health problem leading to mortality and morbidity among children aged 0–59 months in rural India. Therefore, the rationale of this study was to identify the sociodemographic and environmental predictors associated with diarrhea among under-five children in rural India. A total of 188,521 living children (0–59 months) were studied from the National Family Health Survey-4, (NFHS-4) 2015–2016. Bivariate and binary logistic regression models were carried out from the available NFHS-4 data for selected sociodemographic and environmental predictors to identi

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Khuntia, Janmejoy. "Profile of employment of social groups in the MSMEs in India as per Fourth MSME Census." Journal of Business Management and Information Systems 4, no. 2 (2017): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.48001/jbmis.2017.0402002.

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Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) sector holds a very important position in the Indian economy in terms contribution to the GDP as well as generating gainful employment. India being a heterogenous society, one important aspect of employment is the issue of its distribution among the various social groups, such as the scheduled caste (SCs), scheduled tribe (STs), other backward classes (OBCs) and others comprising of the general caste category. Study of distribution of employment among these social groups enables us to analyze the economic engagement of the work force in one of the in

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20

Katyal, Sonal. "Patterns of Utilization of Maternal Healthcare Services in Haryana, India." Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management 13, no. 1 (2018): i31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24083/apjhm.v13i1.29.

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Background: Despite being a relatively smaller state, Haryana’s per capita Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) is high. The statistical data on the status of women has a different story to share. Objective: This study analyzes the maternal healthcare situation in Haryana to examine the differential in utilization of maternal health care service i.e. antenatal care on the basis of socio economic and socio demographic indicators such as Women’s age at Birth, Birth order, Education, Residence, Religion, Wealth index and Caste. Methodology: The present study uses the third round of the National Fa

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Sonkar, Surendra Pratap, Pradeep Kumar Yadav, Suresh Kumar Kannaujiya, et al. "Analysis of Farmer Participation and Feedback on Vermicompost Training Programs at KVK Buxa, Jaunpur, India." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 42, no. 12 (2024): 218–23. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2024/v42i122649.

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The study titled "Analysis of Farmer Participation and Feedback on Vermicompost Training Programs at KVK Buxa, Jaunpur" evaluates the outcomes of these programs in equipping farmers with the knowledge and skills required for effective vermicomposting. A structured questionnaire was administered to 125 participants, focusing on their socio-economic backgrounds, awareness levels, and perceptions of the program's impact. The research highlights the role of these training initiatives in promoting sustainable agricultural practices by enhancing participants' technical understanding and practical ap

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Kumar, Suraj, Pradumn Kumar Mourya, Jatin Kumar Singh, Amrendra Kumar Chaudhary, Vikas Upadhyay, and Alimul Islam. "A Study on Agri-preneurial Behaviour of Kalanamak Rice Growers in Siddharth Nagar and Sant Kabir Nagar District of Uttar Pradesh, India." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 42, no. 4 (2024): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2024/v42i42400.

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Kalanamak rice, hailed for its nutritional potency and health benefits, presents a promising avenue for alleviating these challenges. This study, titled “A Study on Agri- preneurial Behaviour of Kalanamak Rice Growers in Siddharth Nagar and Sant Kabir Nagar District of Uttar Pradesh, India,” delves into this potential within the precincts of Siddharth Nagar and Sant Kabir Nagar district. The investigation hones in on two blocks – Birdpur in Siddharth Nagar, and Santha in Sant Kabir Nagar. Methodologically rigorous, the study selected six villages from each block and engaged with a total of 120

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Jaffrelot, Christophe. "Quota for Patels? The Neo-middle-class Syndrome and the (partial) Return of Caste Politics in Gujarat." Studies in Indian Politics 4, no. 2 (2016): 218–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2321023016665532.

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The Patels, a dominant caste of Gujarat, rallied around the Congress in the 1920s and remained behind the ruling party until the 1980s, when they shifted to the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) because of the pro-Other Backward Classes (OBCs) reservation policy of the Congress Chief Minister Madhavsinh Solanki. As evident from the 2015 local elections, rural Patels are getting back to Congress. They resent the fact that the BJP, the ruling party for almost two decades, refuses to include Patels on the list of the OBCs. This demand, articulated by Hardik Patel, and other youth leaders, reflects the

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Sahoo, Srikanta. "Economic Barriers to Higher Education in India: Challenges Faced by Economically Disadvantaged Groups." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 04 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem44879.

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Economic barriers continue to pose a significant threat to the democratization of higher education in India, particularly for students from economically disadvantaged groups, including Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), Other Backward Classes (OBC), rural communities, and first-generation learners. This paper critically examines the layered dimensions of these barriers, ranging from direct and indirect costs to opportunity costs and structural inefficiencies in financial aid systems. Anchored in Human Capital Theory and Social Reproduction Theory, the study draws on a wide spectrum

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Sonkhothang, Haokip. "Issues of Reservation Policy Implementation in Manipur: An Analysis of Scheduled Tribes Issues in Secondary, Higher Education, and Medical Institutions." Social Science Journal for Advanced Research 5, no. 2 (2025): 154–66. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15335383.

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This study comprehensively analyses reservation issues pertinent to faculty appointments in higher secondary institutions, Manipur University, and the Regional Institute of Medical Science (RIMS). At Manipur University, the study focused on the admission issues of Scheduled Tribes in 2016. RIMS received a specific focus, where the research examines the composition of the teaching staff, the overall teaching staff strength, and the underrepresentation of Scheduled Tribe (ST) teaching staff, which is not by the reservation policy. In the context of higher secondary schools, the study investigate

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Nandi, Ankur, Arabinda Bala, Tarini Halder, and Tapash Das. "Trend of Female Enrolment in STEM at Higher Education Level in India." Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences 21, no. 4 (2023): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/arjass/2023/v21i4494.

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Participation of women in science, technology, and engineering is not only an important aspect in the social and economic development of the nation; it is a critical constituent in the process of improving the quality of life of women themselves. In science, technology, and engineering education only the participation of men is not enough, women's participation is equally important because in India women constitute half of mankind (47.5 %). Women play a very important role in the progress of a family, society, and country and contribute their bit to the national economy. Through science, techn

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Skoda, Uwe, and Minaketan Bag. "Royal Dynasties, Political Representation and Positive Discrimination: A Comparison of Two Constituencies in Northwestern Odisha." Studies in Indian Politics 6, no. 2 (2018): 225–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2321023018797454.

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The article based on longterm anthropological fieldwork in the area does not only look at Bamra as a rather successful dynasty in Odishan politics but compares it with a neighbouring former princely state of Bonai. While the former is now a general seat, the latter is a reserved constituency for Scheduled Tribes (STs) effectively depriving the royal family of its passive voting rights. It is argued that positive discrimination significantly shaped their electoral fortunes. It led in one case to a dynasty of princely politicians, though they are increasingly competing with rising Other Backward

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Kumar, K. Kiran, and Prasanta Moharaj. "Land and Asset Inequality Among Social Groups." Social Change 53, no. 1 (2023): 51–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00490857221110562.

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This article attempts to examine the changing distributional structure of land among various social groups at the micro-level and its implications on inequality among various social group households. Our research focusses on a case study—Gudivada village located in Nalgonda district in Telangana to understand the changes that have taken place in the landholding pattern and ensuing inequality among social groups in the studied time. The social groups have been categorised as Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), Other Backward Classes (OBCs) and Other Castes (OCs), respectively. The s

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Patel, Ayush, Richa Sachan, Sneha Singh, H. C. Singh, and Shani Kumar Singh. "An Analytical Study of the Relationship between Farmer Characteristics and the Use of Indigenous Technical Knowledge in Agriculture." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 43, no. 6 (2025): 99–104. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2025/v43i62765.

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Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) in Agriculture encompasses traditional practices and wisdom passed down from generation to generation, which is essential for sustainable agricultural practices in harmony with native ecosystems and cultural values. Integrating ITK with present-day agricultural practices boosts resilience and facilitates community-led innovation in agriculture. The present study examined the relationship between farmer Characteristics and the use of indigenous technical knowledge in agriculture. A total of 120 respondents were selected through multistage cum random sampling

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Gupta, Ishika, Prakashan Chellattan Veettil, and Stijn Speelman. "Caste, Social Networks and Variety Adoption." Journal of South Asian Development 15, no. 2 (2020): 155–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973174120954632.

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Social networks influence technology diffusion but targeting formal leaders (institutional central nodes) may lead to distributional consequences. This paper analyzes the role of informal social networks in technology diffusion in a socially hierarchical caste-based society. Often, information flow and technology diffusion are constrained by social and economic boundaries where informal nodes such as caste play a very decisive role in everyday life. Proper targeting and dissemination of technology to the marginalized sections of society are very important for their development. We observed tha

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Varshney, Ashutosh. "Is India Becoming More Democratic?" Journal of Asian Studies 59, no. 1 (2000): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2658582.

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A great deal of confusion exists on how to discuss, and theoretically characterize, political developments in India during the last decade and a half. There is, of course, a consensus that the Congress party, a towering political colossus between 1920 and 1989, has unambiguously declined. While there are legitimate doubts about whether the decline of the Congress party will continue to be irreversible, it is clear that much of the political space already vacated by the Congress has so far been filled by three different sets of political forces. The first force, Hindu nationalism, has attracted

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Kumar, Satendra. "After Silent Revolution: Most Marginalized Dalits and Local Democracy in Uttar Pradesh, North India." Studies in Indian Politics 5, no. 1 (2017): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2321023017698256.

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There exists a widely held view that a ‘silent revolution’ is occurring in North India. However, a scanty literature deals with how this revolution has changed the distribution of political opportunities on the ground. Drawing on longitudinal and long-term ethnographic research conducted between 2005 and 2015 in a village and its region, western Uttar Pradesh (UP), this article uncovers the complex and contradictory processes of change taking place in the nature of caste and its politicization in contemporary India. By focusing on different caste groups, this article examines the ways in which

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Kendre, Dnyaneshwar. "Constitutional and Legal Provisions Related to Reservation Policies for Village Panchayat Elections in Maharashtra." International Journal of Law and Society 7, no. 4 (2024): 155–64. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijls.20240704.13.

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This paper examines the legal framework governing reservation policies in village panchayat elections within Maharashtra. The basis of these policies is enshrined in Article 243D of the Indian Constitution, which mandates that reservations be provided for Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) in proportion to their population within the panchayat area. This article also stipulates that at least one-third of all seats, including those reserved for SCs and STs, must be allocated for women. Furthermore, reserved seats must be rotated among different electoral wards to ensure broader p

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Pradhan, Itishree, Binayak Kandapan, and Jalandhar Pradhan. "Uneven burden of multidimensional poverty in India: A caste based analysis." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (2022): e0271806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271806.

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Poverty is multifaceted. The global poverty profile shows 41% of multidimensionally poor people living in South Asian countries. Though castes and tribes are a more prevalent line of social stratification in India, and their socio-economic characteristics also vary remarkably, hardly any study has explored these dimensions while analysing multidimensional poverty in India. Hence, this study attempts to assess the multidimensional status of poverty among the social groups in India. National Family Health Survey, 2015–16 (NFHS-4) is a source of rich information on 579,698 households’ well-being

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Dinesh, Kumar. "Inequality Among Marginalized Sections in India: An Analysis." International Journal of Contemporary Research in Multidisciplinary 4, no. 3 (2025): 243–48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15577644.

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Inequality in India is a deeply rooted issue that affects various marginalized groups, including Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), Other Backward Classes (OBCs), women, religious minorities, and LGBTQ+ individuals. This research paper seeks to provide a comprehensive examination of the multifaceted nature of the inequality faced by these communities, delving into its various forms and the underlying causes that sustain it. The analysis covers the socio-economic, political, and cultural dimensions of inequality, illustrating how systemic discrimination and historical injustices co

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Bellamy, Carla. "Being Muslim the Chhipa way: Caste identity as Islamic identity in a low-caste Indian Muslim community." Contributions to Indian Sociology 55, no. 2 (2021): 224–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00699667211006954.

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This article adds to the emergent picture of caste practices among Indian Muslim communities through a focus on caste-based discourses and practices in the contemporary OBC Muslim Chhipa community (OBC, short for ‘Other Backward Class’, is an Indian-government designation). The article examines Muslim Chhipa origin stories, marriage practices and language strategies and shows the ways in which these phenomena—and attitudes about them—allow Muslim Chhipas to articulate and enact strategies of upward mobility and respectability. Central to these strategies is the idea of ‘Islam’, though not in i

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Khuntia, Janmejoy. "A comparative analysis of economic characteristics of registered micro and small enterprises run respectively by backward and forward classes in India." Journal of Business Management and Information Systems 3, no. 2 (2016): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.48001/jbmis.2016.0302005.

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One of the major features of Indian economy is inequality in income and asset distribution. A comparative study of principal characteristics of micro and small enterprises owned by backward classes which include Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribe and Other Backward Class and Others belonging to forward class in India reveal this phenomenon. It is a well-known fact that small industry sector provides lively hood to large number of people across India through ownership of small business enterprise. However, with respect to their performance, they differ significantly. This paper tries to study the

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Dr., L. P. Maruthi. "Dr. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR'S CONSTITUTIONAL STRUGGLE FOR DEPRESSED CLASSES AND BACKWARD CLASSES." International Journal of Current Research and Modern Education 3, no. 1 (2018): 175–77. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1172692.

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The present paper made an attempt to reveal the Dr. B. R. Ambedkar’s concern for the depressed people in India. From a very long time i.e. since ancient period the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes as well as Other Backward Classes were depressed by elite classes in Hindu society. They were leading their life as slaves. They had no well status in the society. For the first time Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj took step to giving reservation to them in his state employment to uplift those classes. And he also took step to prevent Untouchability in his state.  Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar star

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O'Farrell, PJ, JW Daniells, and VJ Doogan. "The influence of bud state of bit planting material on shoot emergence of banana cv. Williams in North Queensland." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 31, no. 6 (1991): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9910859.

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The time from planting to shoot emergence of 3 classes of planting material of banana cv. Williams was studied in the field in North Queensland. Two classes of bits (0.55-1.6 kg), 1 with large lateral buds (forward bits) and the other with small lateral buds (backward bits), and 1 class of suckers (0.55-1.75 kg) were compared. Regressions were fitted using a Mitscherlich equation that described the spread in the population of the time to emergence of the 3 classes of planting material. There was 96% shoot emergence from forward bits and 71% from backward bits by the time of replanting (85 days

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M, Manjunatha, and Narasimhamurthy M. "An Analysis of Backward Classes Movement in India." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 6, no. 3 (2019): 60–65. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2550021.

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An attempt is made in this paper is to analyse the backward class movement in India, its effects on Indian society. Due to the negative implications of caste system backward class movement arises. It also includes Dravidian movement, SNDP Movement and Mahar Movement. In other nations, people are not divided like this. The caste system in India creates a bundle of social problems as a few castes are deliberate as greater to others. The social distinctions on the foundation of the caste system have been perpetuating because of the long tradition in giving significance to castes. There are violen

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Lee, Alexander. "Does Affirmative Action Work? Evaluating India’s Quota System." Comparative Political Studies 54, no. 9 (2021): 1534–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414021989755.

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This paper examines two common critiques of ethnic quota policies in government hiring and education: that they do not benefit the target group, and that any benefits are unevenly distributed within the target group. It focuses on the effects of educational and hiring quotas for Other Backward Class (OBC) castes in India, using difference-in-difference and triple difference designs that take advantage of the gradual introduction of these quotas. The results provide little support for these critiques: affirmative action is associated with small increases in educational attainment and government

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Ontaneda Rea, Mónica, and Jorge Luis Sánchez Román. "Implementing backward design to improve students’ academic performance in EFL classes." Centro Sur 2, no. 2 (2018): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31876/cs.v2i2.14.

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This study is based on implementing backward design to improve students’ academic assessment, so public high school students can take part of meaningful contexts where they show what they learned at the end of a class term. Taking in consideration, backward design is a great tool to be applied for public high schools where most of the classes are textbooks centered, provoking students’ frustration due to the lack of English knowledge from schools. There is a high rate of students failing courses because students are placed in English levels where they do not belong to or they come from other i

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Soren, Chunuram. "RESERVATION IN INDIA: RHETORIC AND REALITY." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 07 (2021): 507–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13149.

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Reservation is always contentious and sentimental issue and raises many concerns of the people. The policy of reservation and safeguards provided to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes has adversely affected the unity and solidarity of the nation. Reservation in India is all about reserving access to seats in the government jobs, educational institutions and even legislatures to certain sections of the population. The reservation can also be seen as positive discrimination. Reservation in India is a government policy, backed by the Indian Constitution. Part XVI dea

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Amiri-Simkooei, Koop, van der Reijden, Snellen, and Simons. "Seafloor Characterization Using Multibeam Echosounder Backscatter Data: Methodology and Results in the North Sea." Geosciences 9, no. 7 (2019): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9070292.

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Seafloor characterization using multibeam echosounder (MBES) backscatter data is an active field of research. The observed backscatter curve (OBC) is used in an inversion algorithm with available physics-based models to determine the seafloor geoacoustic parameters. A complication is that the OBC cannot directly be coupled to the modeled backscatter curve (MBC) due to the correction of uncalibrated sonars. Grab samples at reference areas are usually required to estimate the angular calibration curve (ACC) prior to the inversion. We first attempt to estimate the MBES ACC without grab sampling b

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Chakraborty, Soumyajit, and Alok K. Bohara. "The Cost of Being ‘Backward’ in India: Socio-religious Discrimination in the Labour Market." Indian Journal of Human Development 15, no. 2 (2021): 252–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09737030211029634.

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Being from backward castes, classes and Muslims in India has an economic cost associated with the nature of institutional discrimination. Using the 2011–2012 National Sample Survey data, this study identifies that caste and religion still rule the modern Indian labour market. We find that discrimination is evident in the socio-religious earnings gaps. While the parametric decompositions suggest that most of these gaps are due to differential human capital endowment, the nonparametric method almost evenly attributes inequality to discrimination and endowment. The results presented in this study

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Starikova, Mariia. "Positive Discrimination in India: New Approaches to Contemporary Socio-Economic Issues." Asia and Africa Today, no. 10 (2023): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750028099-0.

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In contemporary India, the policy of positive discrimination aims to help socially backward classes of the society which includes Scheduled castes, Scheduled tribes and Other Backward Classes. The state provides reservations in educational institutions and public employment to them. These categories include only some groups of the religious communities, Dalits and also the members of the middle and low castes of the Hindu community. However, in 2019 Narendra Modi’s government passed the constitutional amendment that allows citizens with low income to apply for 10% quota places regardless of th

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K, Fasna. "Linguistic Divide in between self and other: A Critical Analysis of Standardisation of Language: A North Kerala Village Study." Indian Journal of Language and Linguistics 4, no. 1 (2023): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54392/ijll2314.

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This study examines the linguistic experiences of three caste categories in a community in North Kerala in an effort to comprehend how caste is embodied in language. It examines how linguistic inequality is caused by language standardisation and how people who speak non-standard languages deal with the issue without forsaking their mother tongue. Through a comparative comparison of three caste groups, including the scheduled caste (SC), other backward class (OBC), and the general category (GEN), the study was carried out in Thachankunnu in Kerala (GEN). The participants' direct experiences wit

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Khan, Mohd Imran, and Valatheeswaran C. "International Remittances and Private Healthcare in Kerala, India." Migration Letters 17, no. 3 (2020): 445–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v17i3.778.

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The inflow of international remittances to Kerala has been increasing over the last three decades. It has increased the income of recipient households and enabled them to spend more on human capital investment. Using data from the Kerala Migration Survey-2010, this study analyses the impact of remittance receipts on the households’ healthcare expenditure and access to private healthcare in Kerala. This study employs an instrumental variable approach to account for the endogeneity of remittances receipts. The empirical results show that remittance income has a positive and significant impact on

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Dabgotra, Pankaj, and Bhawna Gupta. "Reservations for Other Backward Classes in Jammu and Kashmir: An Impact Assessment." Indian Journal of Public Administration, October 7, 2022, 001955612211237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00195561221123738.

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Reservation is a system of affirmative action that provides historically disadvantaged groups representation in education, employment and politics in India. This research article assesses the impact of reservations on the economic and educational condition of Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K). The Jammu and Kashmir Reservation Act, 2004 1 provided for the reservations in appointments, and admissions in professional institutions to socially and educationally backward classes of the State. The theoretical framework and historical underpinnings of reservations in India

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Ahanger, Waheed Ahmad, and Firdous Ahmad Sofal. "ACADEMIC CAPABILITIES AND DISADVANTAGED STUDENTS: A STUDY OF ACADEMIC PROGRESSION AMONG OTHER BACKWARD CLASS STUDENTS IN INDIA." Towards Excellence, December 31, 2021, 337–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37867/te130433.

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Purpose - The purpose of the paper is to examine output in terms of the repetition rate, dropout rate and transition rate among Other Backward Classes (OBCs) students at various levels of school education in North-Kashmir, UT of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on a descriptive survey method intended to understand the broad trends of academic progression in terms of GER, NER, dropout rate, transition rate etc among OBC students in India. In order to study the academic capabilities among OBCs the data was collected from secondary sources. In India there

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