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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Other generalizations of groups'
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Ervin, Jason. "On O-basis groups and generalizations." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/07M%20Dissertations/ERVIN_JASON_11.pdf.
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Dobson, Edward T. (Edward Tauscher). "Ádám's Conjecture and Its Generalizations." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc504440/.
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This paper examines idam's conjuecture and some of its generalizations. In terms of Adam's conjecture, we prove Alspach and Parson's results f or Zpq and ZP2. More generally, we prove Babai's characterization of the CI-property, Palfy's characterization of CI-groups, and Brand's result for Zpr for polynomial isomorphism's. We also prove for the first time a characterization of the CI-property for 1 SG, and prove that Zn is a CI-Pn-group where Pn is the group of permutation polynomials on Z,, and n is square free.
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Zhang, Xiankun. "Generalizations of colorability and connectivity of graphs." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1998. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=333.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 1998.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 97 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-96).
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Hofmann, Natalie. "Hill's theorem of formal groups : applications, generalizations and counterexamples." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68183.
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One-dimensional formal groups were classified by W. Hill who showed in particular that one-dimensional formal groups are isomorphic over p-adic integers if and only if they have the same associated Eisenstein polynomial. This result can be applied to show that the torsion points on any supersingular elliptic curve over the field of p-adic numbers generate abelian extensions of the unramified quadradic extension of the field. The theorem cannot be extended to classify formal groups of higher dimension. Counterexamples will be provided both in the case of two-dimensional formal groups and when the formal group is defined over an extension of the p-adic integers. Constructions and classifications of higher dimensional formal groups due to T. Nakamura and M. Hazewinkel will also be explored.
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Wellen, George Arthur. "Branch groups and automata." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b0be5468-cce9-421b-85be-c386d7c3808a.
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The focus of this thesis is finitely generated subgroups of the automorphism group of an infinite spherically homogeneous rooted tree (regular or irregular). The first chapter introduces the topic and outlines the main results. The second chapter provides definitions of the terminology used, and also some preliminary results. The third chapter introduces a group that appears to be a promising candidate for a finitely generated group of infinite upper rank with finite upper $p$-rank for all primes $p$. It goes on to demonstrate that in fact this group has infinite upper $p$-rank for all primes $p$. As a by-product of this construction, we obtain a finitely generated branch group with quotients that are virtually-(free abelian of rank $n$) for arbitrarily large $n$. The fourth chapter gives a complete classification of ternary automata with $C_2$-action at the root, and a partial classification of ternary automata with $C_3$-action at the root. The concept of a `windmill automaton' is introduced in this chapter, and a complete classification of binary windmill automata is given. The fifth chapter contains a detailed study of the non-abelian ternary automata with $C_3$-action at the root. It also contains some conjectures about possible isomorphisms between these groups.
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Kielak, Dawid. "Free and linear representations of outer automorphism groups of free groups." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f2045fba-1546-4dd3-af9f-7d02c4fc505e.
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For various values of n and m we investigate homomorphisms from Out(F_n) to Out(F_m) and from Out(F_n) to GL_m(K), i.e. the free and linear representations of Out(F_n) respectively. By means of a series of arguments revolving around the representation theory of finite symmetric subgroups of Out(F_n) we prove that each homomorphism from Out(F_n) to GL_m(K) factors through the natural map p_n from Out(F_n) to GL(H_1(F_n,Z)) = GL_n(Z) whenever n=3, m < 7 and char(K) is not an element of {2,3}, and whenever n>5, m< n(n+1)/2 and char(K) is not an element of {2,3,...,n+1}. We also construct a new infinite family of linear representations of Out(F_n) (where n > 2), which do not factor through p_n. When n is odd these have the smallest dimension among all known representations of Out(F_n) with this property. Using the above results we establish that the image of every homomorphism from Out(F_n) to Out(F_m) is finite whenever n=3 and n < m < 6, and of cardinality at most 2 whenever n > 5 and n < m < n(n-1)/2. We further show that the image is finite when n(n-1)/2 -1 < m < n(n+1)/2. We also consider the structure of normal finite index subgroups of Out(F_n). If N is such then we prove that if the derived subgroup of the intersection of N with the Torelli subgroup T_n < Out(F_n) contains some term of the lower central series of T_n then the abelianisation of N is finite.
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Craven, David Andrew. "Algebraic modules for finite groups." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7f641b33-d301-4445-8269-a5a33f4b7e5e.
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The main focus of this thesis is algebraic modules---modules that satisfy a polynomial equation with integer co-efficients in the Green ring---in various finite groups, as well as their general theory. In particular, we ask the question `when are all the simple modules for a finite group G algebraic?' We call this the (p-)SMA property. The first chapter introduces the topic and deals with preliminary results, together with the trivial first results. The second chapter provides the general theory of algebraic modules, with particular attention to the relationship between algebraic modules and the composition factors of a group, and between algebraic modules and the Heller operator and Auslander--Reiten quiver. The third chapter concerns itself with indecomposable modules for dihedral and elementary abelian groups. The study of such groups is both interesting in its own right, and can be applied to studying simple modules for simple groups, such as the sporadic groups in the final chapter. The fourth chapter analyzes the groups PSL(2,q); here we determine, in characteristic 2, which simple modules for PSL(2,q) are algebraic, for any odd q. The fifth chapter generalizes this analysis to many groups of Lie type, although most results here are in defining characteristic only. Notable exceptions include the small Ree groups, which have the 2-SMA property for all q. The sixth and final chapter focuses on the sporadic groups: for most groups we provide results on some simple modules, and some of the groups are completely analyzed in all characteristics. This is normally carried out by restricting to the Sylow p-subgroup. This thesis develops the current state of knowledge concerning algebraic modules for finite groups, and particularly for which simple groups, and for which primes, all simple modules are algebraic.
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Riley, Timothy Rupert. "Asymptotic invariants of infinite discrete groups." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:30f42f4c-e592-44c2-9954-7d9e8c1f3d13.
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Asymptotic cones. A finitely generated group has a word metric, which one can scale and thereby view the group from increasingly distant vantage points. The group coalesces to an "asymptotic cone" in the limit (this is made precise using techniques of non-standard analysis). The reward is that in place of the discrete group one has a continuous object "that is amenable to attack by geometric (e.g. topological, infinitesimal) machinery" (to quote Gromov). We give coarse geometric conditions for a metric space X to have N-connected asymptotic cones. These conditions are expressed in terms of certain filling functions concerning filling N-spheres in an appropriately coarse sense. We interpret the criteria in the case where X is a finitely generated group Γ with a word metric. This leads to upper bounds on filling functions for groups with simply connected cones -- in particular they have linearly bounded filling length functions. We prove that if all the asymptotic cones of Γ are N-connected then Γ is of type FN+1 and we provide N-th order isoperimetric and isodiametric functions. Also we show that the asymptotic cones of a virtually polycyclic group Γ are all contractible if and only if Γ is virtually nilpotent. Combable groups and almost-convex groups. A combing of a finitely generated group Γ is a normal form; that is a choice of word (a combing line) for each group element that satisfies a geometric constraint: nearby group elements have combing lines that fellow travel. An almost-convexity condition concerns the geometry of closed balls in the Cayley graph for Γ. We show that even the most mild combability or almost-convexity restrictions on a finitely presented group already force surprisingly strong constraints on the geometry of its word problem. In both cases we obtain an n! isoperimetric function, and upper bounds of ~ n2 on both the minimal isodiametric function and the filling length function.
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Kracht, Darci L. "Applications of the Artin-Hasse Exponential Series and Its Generalizations to Finite Algebra Groups." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1322505829.
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Fink, Elisabeth. "On some non-periodic branch groups." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e8aec0f9-e60f-457c-87d1-0780720e2cae.
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Garrido, Alejandra. "Aspects of branch groups." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:79a3e094-38ac-424b-a83d-abb26257bfd2.
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This thesis is a study of the subgroup structure of some remarkable groups of automorphisms of rooted trees. It is divided into two parts. The main result of the first part is seemingly of an algorithmic nature, establishing that the Gupta--Sidki 3-group G has solvable membership problem. This follows the approach of Grigorchuk and Wilson who showed the same result for the Grigorchuk group. The proof, however, is not algorithmic, and it moreover shows a striking subgroup property of G: that all its infinite finitely generated subgroups are abstractly commensurable with either G or G × G. This is then used to show that G is subgroup separable which, together with some nice presentability properties of G, implies that the membership problem is solvable. The proof of the main theorem is also used to show that G satisfies a "strong fractal" property, in that every infinite finitely generated subgroup acts like G on some rooted subtree. The second part concerns the subgroup structure of branch and weakly branch groups in general. Motivated by a natural question raised in the first part, a necessary condition for direct products of branch groups to be abstractly commensurable is obtained. From this condition it follows that the Gupta--Sidki 3-group is not abstractly commensurable with its direct square. The first main result in the second part states that any (weakly) branch action of a group on a rooted tree is determined by the subgroup structure of the group. This is then applied to answer a question of Bartholdi, Siegenthaler and Zalesskii, showing that the congruence subgroup property for branch and weakly branch groups is independent of the actions on a tree. Finally, the information obtained on subgroups of branch groups is used to examine which groups have an essentially unique branch action and why this holds.
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Sale, Andrew W. "The length of conjugators in solvable groups and lattices of semisimple Lie groups." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ea21dab2-2da1-406a-bd4f-5457ab02a011.
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The conjugacy length function of a group Γ determines, for a given a pair of conjugate elements u,v ∈ Γ, an upper bound for the shortest γ in Γ such that uγ = γv, relative to the lengths of u and v. This thesis focuses on estimating the conjugacy length function in certain finitely generated groups. We first look at a collection of solvable groups. We see how the lamplighter groups have a linear conjugacy length function; we find a cubic upper bound for free solvable groups; for solvable Baumslag--Solitar groups it is linear, while for a larger family of abelian-by-cyclic groups we get either a linear or exponential upper bound; also we show that for certain polycyclic metabelian groups it is at most exponential. We also investigate how taking a wreath product effects conjugacy length, as well as other group extensions. The Magnus embedding is an important tool in the study of free solvable groups. It embeds a free solvable group into a wreath product of a free abelian group and a free solvable group of shorter derived length. Within this thesis we show that the Magnus embedding is a quasi-isometric embedding. This result is not only used for obtaining an upper bound on the conjugacy length function of free solvable groups, but also for giving a lower bound for their Lp compression exponents. Conjugacy length is also studied between certain types of elements in lattices of higher-rank semisimple real Lie groups. In particular we obtain linear upper bounds for the length of a conjugator from the ambient Lie group within certain families of real hyperbolic elements and unipotent elements. For the former we use the geometry of the associated symmetric space, while for the latter algebraic techniques are employed.
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Simons, Nicholas James. "The width of verbal subgroups in profinite groups." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:01075c36-c7e6-4def-9647-86b4346e4726.
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The main result of this thesis is an original proof that every word has finite width in a compact $p$-adic analytic group. The proof we give here is an alternative to Andrei Jaikin-Zapirain's recent proof of the same result, and utilises entirely group-theoretical ideas. We accomplish this by reducing the problem to a proof that every word has finite width in a profinite group which is virtually a polycyclic pro-$p$ group. To obtain this latter result we first establish that such a group can be embedded as an open subgroup of a group of the form $N_1M_1$, where $N_1$ is a finitely generated closed normal nilpotent subgroup, and $M_1$ is a finitely generated closed nilpotent-by-finite subgroup; we then adapt a method of V. A. Romankov. As a corollary we note that our approach also proves that every word has finite width in a polycyclic-by-finite group (which is not profinite). As a supplementary result we show that for finitely generated closed subgroups $H$ and $K$ of a profinite group the commutator subgroup $[H,K]$ is closed, and give examples to show that various hypotheses are necessary. This implies that the outer-commutator words have finite width in profinite groups of finite rank. We go on to establish some bounds for this width. In addition, we show that every word has finite width in a product of a nilpotent group of finite rank and a virtually nilpotent group of finite rank. We consider the possible application of this to soluble minimax groups.
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Sisto, Alessandro. "Geometric and probabilistic aspects of groups with hyperbolic features." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bcf456c4-eef0-4fe8-bb7d-8b15f9cf7b18.
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The main objects of interest in this thesis are relatively hyperbolic groups. We will study some of their geometric properties, and we will be especially concerned with geometric properties of their boundaries, like linear connectedness, avoidability of parabolic points, etc. Exploiting such properties will allow us to construct, under suitable hypotheses, quasi-isometric embeddings of hyperbolic planes into relatively hyperbolic groups and quasi-isometric embeddings of relatively hyperbolic groups into products of trees. Both results have applications to fundamental groups of 3-manifolds. We will also study probabilistic properties of relatively hyperbolic groups and of groups containing ``hyperbolic directions'' despite not being relatively hyperbolic, like mapping class groups, Out(Fn), CAT(0) groups and subgroups of the above. In particular, we will show that the elements that generate the ``hyperbolic directions'' (hyperbolic elements in relatively hyperbolic groups, pseudo-Anosovs in mapping class groups, fully irreducible elements in Out(Fn) and rank one elements in CAT(0) groups) are generic in the corresponding groups (provided at least one exists, in the case of CAT(0) groups, or of proper subgroups). We also study how far a random path can stray from a geodesic in the context of relatively hyperbolic groups and mapping class groups, but also of groups acting on a relatively hyperbolic space. We will apply this, for example, to show properties of random triangles.
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Klopsch, Benjamin. "Substitution groups, subgroup growth and other topics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301232.
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Wade, Richard D. "Symmetries of free and right-angled Artin groups." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b856e2b5-3689-472b-95c1-71b5748affc9.
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The objects of study in this thesis are automorphism groups of free and right-angled Artin groups. Right-angled Artin groups are defined by a presentation where the only relations are commutators of the generating elements. When there are no relations the right-angled-Artin group is a free group and if we take all possible relations we have a free abelian group. We show that if no finite index subgroup of a group $G$ contains a normal subgroup that maps onto $mathbb{Z}$, then every homomorphism from $G$ to the outer automorphism group of a free group has finite image. The above criterion is satisfied by SL$_m(mathbb{Z})$ for $m geq 3$ and, more generally, all irreducible lattices in higher-rank, semisimple Lie groups with finite centre. Given a right-angled Artin group $A_Gamma$ we find an integer $n$, which may be easily read off from the presentation of $A_G$, such that if $m geq 3$ then SL$_m(mathbb{Z})$ is a subgroup of the outer automorphism group of $A_Gamma$ if and only if $m leq n$. More generally, we find criteria to prevent a group from having a homomorphism to the outer automorphism group of $A_Gamma$ with infinite image, and apply this to a large number of irreducible lattices as above. We study the subgroup $IA(A_Gamma)$ of $Aut(A_Gamma)$ that acts trivially on the abelianisation of $A_Gamma$. We show that $IA(A_Gamma)$ is residually torsion-free nilpotent and describe its abelianisation. This is complemented by a survey of previous results concerning the lower central series of $A_Gamma$. One of the commonly used generating sets of $Aut(F_n)$ is the set of Whitehead automorphisms. We describe a geometric method for decomposing an element of $Aut(F_n)$ as a product of Whitehead automorphisms via Stallings' folds. We finish with a brief discussion of the action of $Out(F_n)$ on Culler and Vogtmann's Outer Space. In particular we describe translation lengths of elements with regards to the `non-symmetric Lipschitz metric' on Outer Space.
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MacLeod, William Robertson. "Novel photocleavable surfactants and other photolabile materials." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275149.
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Wharton, Elizabeth. "The model theory of certain infinite soluble groups." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7bd8d05b-4ff6-4326-8463-f896e2862e25.
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This thesis is concerned with aspects of the model theory of infinite soluble groups. The results proved lie on the border between group theory and model theory: the questions asked are of a model-theoretic nature but the techniques used are mainly group-theoretic in character. We present a characterization of those groups contained in the universal closure of a restricted wreath product U wr G, where U is an abelian group of zero or finite square-free exponent and G is a torsion-free soluble group with a bound on the class of its nilpotent subgroups. For certain choices of G we are able to use this characterization to prove further results about these groups; in particular, results related to the decidability of their universal theories. The latter part of this work consists of a number of independent but related topics. We show that if G is a finitely generated abelian-by-metanilpotent group and H is elementarily equivalent to G then the subgroups gamma_n(G) and gamma_n(H) are elementarily equivalent, as are the quotient groups G/gamma_n(G) and G/gamma_n(H). We go on to consider those groups universally equivalent to F_2(VN_c), where the free groups of the variety V are residually finite p-groups for infinitely many primes p, distinguishing between the cases when c = 1 and when c > 2. Finally, we address some important questions concerning the theories of free groups in product varieties V_k · · ·V_1, where V_i is a nilpotent variety whose free groups are torsion-free; in particular we address questions about the decidability of the elementary and universal theories of such groups. Results mentioned in both of the previous two paragraphs have applications here.
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Kovacevic, Luka Stefan. "Transfer of alkyl groups in novel amidine dications and other superelectrophiles." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2014. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23158.
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This thesis explores the synthesis and the reactivity of novel amidine salts resulting from various N-methylformamides and N-methylbenzamides I and II. Treatment of these compounds with triflic anhydride under mild conditions led to extremely facile alkyl transfer from an sp3-hybridised nitrogen centre to very weakly nucleophilic triflate anions. For the reaction pathway of substrates III and VII, in silico studies propose an equilibrium between the more stable tetrahedral triflate intermediate IV and the superelectrophilic amidinium disalt V from which dealkylation takes place. The unprecedented a-aminotriflate IV was characterised by lowtemperature 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra and the rate of alkyl transfer for substrates III and VII determined. Unlike formamides III and VII, in silico and low-temperature NMR studies of the reaction of benzamide IX with triflic anhydride showed amidinium disalt intermediate XI to be more stable than tetrahedral triflate X due to steric factors. Due to the enhanced alkyl transfer activity of amidinium disalt XV derived from benzene-based formamide XIII, low temperature NMR studies did not allow for observation of intermediates XIV or XV. However, the benzamide analogue XVII with phenyl residues on the tertiary amine allowed for isolation and characterisation of amidinium dication XVIII. The reaction protocol was subsequently applied to derivatives of 2-(alkylthio)phenylformamides XIX which underwent alkyl transfer to yield benzothiazolium salt XXII. Interestingly, benzamide analogue XXIII afforded benzthiazolium disalt XXIV upon addition of triflic anhydride, but gradually dephenylated to monocation XXV.
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Patel, Asmita. "Ethnicity and other factors as determinants of interest in parenting groups." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2006. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.674641.
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Deal, Mark. "Attitudes of disabled people toward other disabled people and impairment groups." Thesis, City, University of London, 2006. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/17416/.
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This research set-out to: a) investigate attitudes of disabled people (adults) toward other disabled people; and, b) attitudes of disabled people toward different impairment groups. Comparative data from a non-disabled sample was also collected. Two new attitude rating scales were developed for this research: the General Attitude Scale Toward Disabled People (GASTDP) and the Attitude Toward Impairment Scale (A TIS). Both scales achieved acceptable levels of internal and external reliability. Positive attitudes toward disabled people were found from both the disabled (M = 41.08; n = 193) and non-disabled samples (M = 39.29; n = 120). However, a hierarchy of impairment also appears to exist, with the disabled sample producing a rank ordering of most accepted to least of Deaf, Arthritis, Epilepsy, Cerebral Palsy, HIV/AIDS, Down's Syndrome and Schizophrenia. The nondisabled sample rank ordering was the same for five of the seven impairment groups, with only Cerebral Palsy and HIV / AIDS being placed in reverse order. The GASTDP contains two sub-scales (Subtle and Blatant Prejudice subscales). Statistically significant results between the two sub-scales were found for both the disabled and non-disabled samples, suggesting people tend to hold subtle forms of prejudice toward disabled people. The discussion therefore utilises the term aversive disablism, based on aversive racism. This theory argues that whilst people may be reluctant to express negative attitudes toward disabled people, they may also support policies that are disablist, i.e. segregated housing. The contact hypothesis, whereby contact with members of a minority group influence attitudes, was not supported by the data. This thesis recommends further research into subtle forms of prejudice toward disabled people from an in-group perspective and attitudes toward different impairment groups.
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Andujo, Nicholas R. "Progenitors Involving Simple Groups." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1986. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/758.
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I will be going over writing representations of both permutation and monomial progenitors, which include 2^{*4} : D_4, 2^(*7) :L_2 (7) as permutation progenitors, and monomial progenitors 7^(*2) :_m S_3 \times 2, 11^{*2} :_m (5:2)^{*}5, 11^{*3} :_m (25:3), 11^{*4} :_m (4 : 5)^{*}5. Also, the images of these different progenitors at both lower and higher fields and orders. \\ We will also do the double coset enumeration of S5 over D6, S6 over 5 : 4, A_5 x A_5 over (5:2)^{*}5, and go on to also do the double coset enumeration over maximal subgroups for larger constructions. We will also do the construction of sporadic group M22 over maximal subgroup A7, and also J1 with the monomial representation 7^(*2) :_m S_3 \times 2 over maximal subgroup PSL(2,11). We will also look at different extension problems of composition factors of different groups, and determine the isomorphism types of each extension.
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Wagner, Lisa S. "Becoming an "other" : the process of group membership change /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9003.
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Adams-King, Lora A. "Explaining the Achievement Gap of African American Males Relative to Other Student Groups." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1464786325.
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Sheely, Stephen R. "Intimacy in the early church and pagan groups." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1990. http://www.tren.com.
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Hatch, Denton Boyle. "RELATION BETWEEN NARCISSISM AND SELF- AND OTHER- PERCEPTIONS OF COMPETENCE AND CONTRIBUTION IN GROUP SETTINGS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614105.
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Recent empirical studies have looked that the relationship between narcissism and different aspects of organizations. However, little research exists on narcissism in group work and its relationship with productivity and group effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between narcissism, self-perceptions and other perceptions of competence and contribution in a team performance setting. Data were collected from college-aged students (N = 52) at a state university. Results indicate that a narcissistic view of authority is correlated the group's perception of leadership and with time spent talking during the group task. Furthermore, narcissistic vanity was positively correlated with higher group respect and personal error on the in-lab task.
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Johnsson, Mikael. "Innovation groups : Before innovation work is begun." Licentiate thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-17990.
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This research project was begun during the financial crisis of 2009 with the objective of increasing the competiveness of SMEs’ (Small and Medium sized Enterprises) by developing their innovation-management capabilities. The research presented in this licentiate thesis (thesis) is a part of the project in which newly-formed innovation groups at two SMEs in Eskilstuna, Sweden have been studied before they began innovation work. Prior research has indicated a need to observe processes within on-going innovation projects. My overall hypothesis that reaches beyond this thesis, is that an innovation group that improves its innovation-related knowledge, reduces knowledge gaps and increases innovation-related awareness, generates positive additional values such as motivation or enthusiasm above the results such as patents or project costs that are traditional measurements within innovation projects. The first study in the iterative research process focused on the innovation-related knowledge of newly-formed innovation groups. The results led to further immersed studies, in total five case studies, in which 21 respondents participated. A theoretical framework consisting of theories from Knowledge management and System theory was used to analyze the results and the research question of this licentiate thesis emerged as: “What would a model that describes a newly-formed innovation group’s innovation-related knowledge, knowledge gaps, information flow and awareness look like?” Four sub-questions, one per each aspect of the research question, have been used to analyze prior research, theories and the conducted case studies. A model, Innovation Group Model (IGM), was created according to the research question and goal for this thesis. A one-sentence-explanation could be: “The organization, the innovation group and the individuals must have the opportunity to be motivated to learn innovation management in theory and practice to achieve innovation-readiness and awareness to detect and utilize innovation-related information available within the internal and external information flow.” This thesis contributes to the research area of Innovation and design with knowledge concerning newly-formed innovation groups. Three practical applications of the research results are suggested; (1) IGM can be used in organizations to understand the complex situation when an innovation group is created. (2) IGM can be used when planning for physical or virtual environments in which an innovation group consisting of professionals and customers is intended to develop or generate ideas. (3) IGM can be used when developing innovation-related audits intended to provide a deeper understanding of a respondent’s knowledge. On the basis of the results from this licentiate thesis, I suggest further research according to the overall hypothesis. With IGM as a starting point, one could study the progress of innovation groups and where necessary, provide support in specific areas.
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Mathews, Jordan. "How Women's Participation in White Nationalist Groups Affects the Group's Propensity for Violence." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445290.
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Although white nationalism is an ever-growing threat, there has been little research done to extrapolate what makes one white nationalist group more violent than the next, even more lacking is the gender dimensions of these violent propensities. To contribute to this research gap, in this study I ask the question, How does women’s participation in white nationalist groups affect the group’s propensity for violence? To answer this question, I propose a novel theoretical framework that argues white nationalist groups with women members will have a higher propensity for violence than groups without women members. Specifically, I argue that when women participate in these groups they weaponize white motherhood which then leads to the reinforcement of a militarized masculinity. This reinforcement subsequently leads to an overall higher propensity of violence. To test this hypothesis, I use a structured focused comparison most-similar case research design to compare three American white nationalist groups- the Proud Boys, Atomwaffen Division and the Ku Klux Klan. Due to data limitations, I was unable to test the causal mechanisms. The results of this study did not support the proposed hypothesis; however, I argue that due to research design limitations, more data collection and research is needed in order to fully test the relationship of the two variables and the explanatory power of the theory.
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Sjöstedt, Oskar. "Coerced Concessions: : Does Government Mass Killing of Civilians Affect Rebel Groups’ War Aims?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-354655.
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A government’s choice to kill civilians on a massive scale in civil wars has long been a puzzling phenomenon. Although the scholarly discussion on the motives behind such actions has been growing in the last decades, the understanding of the impact of mass killings is still limited. This thesis aspires to contribute to the understanding of the consequences of civilian victimization by asking “How does government mass killing of civilians affect military power-sharing in peace agreements?”. The hypothesis predicts that governments can use mass killing of civilians to indirectly pressure rebels to concede on their war aims and sign a peace agreement in order to stop the civilian victimization. The focus is on rebels’ war aims concerning military power-sharing, and to what degree the mass killing can lower the rebels’ demands on this aspect. Eight peace agreements have been selected, where four of them had government mass killing and the other four did not. This is to ensure variation on the independent variable. This thesis uses a structured focus comparison of the eight civil war peace agreements to test the hypothesis. The empirical results do not confirm the hypothesis, as no correlation is seen between the relationship of interest, rather, it contradicts it slightly.
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Richardson, Astrid Marie. "Effects of leader style, leader consistency, and participant personality on learning and other variables in small group." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72811.
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Barclay, Isabelle. "Hydrosilylative reduction of aldehydes and other groups by halosilanes using nucleophiles and ionic liquids as promoters." Thesis, Open University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412388.
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Taylor, David John Liddle. "A critical assessment of the De Lange report with particular reference to teachers and other groups." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670376.
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Edwards, Anthony. "Intrapsychic correlates of transpersonal experiences in four creedal groups." Thesis, University of Northampton, 2005. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/2786/.
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Attributes associated with mystical experience among Christians, Buddhists, Jews and Pagans are explored in psychometric data presented in this thesis. Two such attributes in particular, the personality trait of psychoticism and attitudes held towards mysticism, are given focal attention. Psychoticism, a trait at one time supposedly linked with vulnerability to psychosis, has been much assessed in previous research into religiosity- personality correlates, and a more recent emerging literature has assessed this trait in relationship to religious experience. However, as this thesis clarifies, good grounds exist for challenging the view that this is a homogeneous trait. Assessments of traits relating to distinct facets of psychoticism, specifically the three traits of agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness to experience, provided solid grounds for taking apparently significant positive correlations between mystical experience and psychoticism as evidence that the former is associated with creativity rather than psychosis. In each religious group studied, a significant positive correlation was found between attitudes to mysticism and mystical experience. However, this thesis also presents grounds for distinguishing these concepts. The possibility that psychoticism relates in different ways to these constructs, and the implications this has for the question of whether mysticism arises through social learning or reflects an innate tendency invariant across creed, are considered
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Lefrandt, Jason Bernard. "Comparing Alcohol Abuse of Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander College Students to that of Other Racial Groups." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7687.
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Alcohol abuse is a ubiquitous issue for college students across the United States (U.S.) including Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPI). As compared to their counterparts, NHPI students tend to underutilize university counseling services and have significantly lower retention rates than their White counterparts. Considering that NHPI may be reluctant to go to counseling, their levels of distress and alcohol abuse may have to reach a higher threshold before they seek treatment. This study examined NHPI college students' presenting levels of alcohol abuse both at intake and over time and compared these students to students from other ethnic/racial groups. Data were gathered from the Center for Collegiate Mental Health (CCMH), a practice-research network used by hundreds of college counseling centers across the U.S. Aggregated data from the years 2012-2015 included variables measured by the Standardized Data Set (SDS) and the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms (CCAPS). The data were analyzed using Latent Growth Modeling (LGM) to assess the differences at intake and over time in alcohol abuse and distress across ethnic groups. Results of this study indicated that NHPI college students at college counseling centers had higher levels of alcohol abuse and presenting distress at intake than students from other ethnic/racial groups. However, NHPI did not have significantly different changes in levels of alcohol abuse from session one to session 12 as compared to other students. Implications and directions for further research are also discussed.
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Warsame, Abdihakim Barre. "Ethnic Prejudice and Discrimination of the Somali Minority Groups : The Image Of The Other As An Enemy." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-174834.
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This study aims to investigate how the mechanisms of discrimination, othering, prejudice and enemy imaging work in conflict and non-conflict zones. The study further explored if the informants stories differ when in conflict zones. Enemy images theories were used as the theoretical base to investigate how the Somali majorities construct the enemy image of the Somali minorities (The Somali Bantusand the occupational groups). The aim and research questions are answered through a comparative case study that focuses on interviewing two Somali minority groups (occupational groups and the Bantu Somalis) who have the experience and lived both in Somalia (conflict context) and Somaliland (non conflict context). The result sof the study show that the majority of Somali clans use the delimitation between “them and us” a set of values that separate the two groups and characterize the minority groups as slaves and people of low social, economic, and political status. The majority groups perceive the minority groups as a threat to their assets and corevalues. This is what has been described as "our" and "their" essence, and the final aim, which is to legitimize violence, is clear in the data. While on the other hand, the majority groups referred to themselves as superior. The results indicated that there were no differences and only similarities in the narratives of the minority groups living in both conflict and non-conflict zones. This was an interesting discovery which was against the known and expected ideal. This thesis also suggests other ways of looking at the concept of enemy images suggesting further areas of research where deemed necessary.
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Shapira, Faians Adi. "Social skills learning groups : a case study of young people identified with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2015. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/54452/.
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The aim of the current case study was to examine the integration of a social skills learning programme for young people aged 13-18 identified with ADHD and learning difficulties within the framework of a junior and high school in Israel designed for young people identified with ADHD. At the start of this inquiry, the stance of the Israeli Ministry of Education mainly leaned on the medicalised model. During the process of conducting this study, the researcher developed a gradual shift from the medicalised to the social constructivist model as an alternative which considers young people from a holistic view. The study explored three perspectives on the integration of the social skills learning groups within the school: those of the educational staff, the therapeutic staff who facilitated the social skills learning groups and those of the group participants. It also explored how each group perceived the intervention in terms of supporting social skills among young people identified with ADHD. Two groups of students took part. One group comprised seven students from the 7th grade who were in their first year of the intervention and another group comprised seven students from the 9th grade who were in their third year of the four-year programme. The study was conducted using a qualitative methodology from an insider perspective, the researcher being a therapist and facilitator of one of the social skills learning groups. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews with staff members, the researcher's reflective diary and a student questionnaire. The study found that the educational staff's perspective on the social skills learning groups involved a gradual process from difficulty accepting the groups to believing that they played an important role in school provision. A parallel process took place among the therapeutic staff who questioned the groups' definition as a class or as group therapy, which required the therapists to examine their professional identity. This process of self-examination of staff members' professional identity and examination of the other staff members' professional roles influenced the integration of the groups in the school. Overall, the study suggested that interventions focusing on assisting the development of social skills can play an important role in school provision for young people identified with ADHD when they are included as part of the school curriculum. However, in order to successfully embed a therapeutic intervention within a school framework, the study suggested that teachers and therapists should cooperate both professionally and personally to build a new common language toward a common goal.
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Crawford, James E. Jr. "Seeing the Sausage Made: How Compromise Works in Large Groups and Representative Bodies." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3584.
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Inspired by the lack of Congressional compromise during the 2013 federal shutdown, I explore how compromise works in large groups and representative bodies. An on-line survey, personal interviews, and a discourse analysis of the Congressional Record yield a diverse collection of data, including personal and public stories of compromise. I examine the stories and other data through an eclectic mix of contemporary scholarship, borrowing literary theory from the Russian critic Mikhail Bakhtin, socio-linguistic concepts from American linguist James Paul Gee, and moral philosophy from Israeli thinker Avishai Margalit. I also incorporate the work of political scientists Amy Gutmann and Dennis Thompson, as well as the political campaign coverage of writer and essayist Joan Didion.
My examination shows that differences in Discourse, Gee’s expansive model of the discourse community, underpin the uncompromising mindset that dominated the 2013 shutdown. I show that public and personal compromise have obvious differences in terms of scope and complexity, but that all successful compromises, of any size, rest on a bedrock of trust. My research uncovered more effective ways of brokering legislative compromise in the future. I also learned that public opinion polls do not influence legislative decisions. Instead, regular, personal contact, whether by phone, fax, or e-mail, is the best way to engage and influence legislators. Finally, I consider the challenges and limitations of my research, including the difficulty of collecting a large, diverse survey sample, and scheduling personal interviews with public officials.
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Bukšnaitienė, Rita. "Study on cyclization reactions of heterocyclic compounds bearing ethynyl and formyl groups in close proximity to each other." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20121119_130637-83646.
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The main aims of this investigation were to investigate cyclization reactions of electron–deficient 6–alkynylpyrimidine–5–carbaldehydes and 2–alkynylquinoline–3–carbaldehydes, and electron–rich 2–alkynylindole–3–carbaldehydes and 2–alkynylthiophene–3–carbaldehydes with N–, S–. O–, C– and P–nucleophiles. It was found, that 6–arylethinylpyrimidine–5–carbaldehydes under the treatment with tert–butylamine underwent thermal or microwave–induced cyclization reaction to form pyrido[4,3–d]pyrimidines. A novel and fast synthetic method for preparation of 1,2,3–trisubstituted 1,2–dihydrobenzo[b][1,6]naphthyridines by means of a three–component reaction between 2–alkynylquinoline–3–carbaldehydes, primary amines and C– or P–pronucleophiles was developed. It was showed, that methyl mercaptoacetate was able to trigger a novel benzannulation reaction of the starting materials. Novel, concise and regioselective synthetic methods of 5,7–dihydrofuro[3,4–d]pyrimidine, 5H–pyrano[4,3–d]pyrimidine, 1,3–dihydrofuro[3,4–b]quinolines and 1H–pyrano[4,3–b]quinolines frameworks via regioselective acetalisation/cyclization reactions of 2,4–disubstituted 6–phenylethynylpyrimidine–5–carbaldehydes and 2–alkynylquinoline–3–carbaldehydes were developed. A relatively short and efficient synthesis of 2–(2–oxoethyl)–1H–indole–3–carbaldehydes via tandem 6–endo–dig cyclization from 2–alkynylindole–3–carbaldehydes was developed. It was found that 2–alkynylquinoline–3–carbaldehydes react with dimethylphosphite in... [to full text]Darbo tikslas – ištirti heterociklinių junginių, gretimose padėtyse turinčių etinil– ir formilfragmentus, ciklizacijos reakcijas su įvairiais nukleofiliniais reagentais. Darbo metu buvo rastas naujas ir efektyvus pirido[4,3–d]pirimidinų sintezės būdas kurio esmė yra 4–ariletinil–5–pirimidinkarbaldehidų terminė ar mikrobangų inicijuojama reakcija su tret–butilaminu. Parodyta, kad 2–alkinilchinolin–3–karbaldehidai dalyvauja trikomponentinėse reakcijose su pirmininiais aminais ir C– bei P-pronukleofilais sudarydami 1,2–dihidrobenzo[b][1,6]naftiridinus. Pasiūlytas naujas, universalus ir efektyvus būdas benzanuliuotoms sistemoms sintetinti panaudojant metilmerkaptoacetato kalio druską metanolyje. Rasti regioselektyvūs 5,7–dihidrofuro[3,4–d]pirimidinų, 5(H)–pirano[4,3–d]pirimidinų, 1,3–dihidrofuro[3,4–b]chinolinų ir 1H–pirano[4,3–b]chinolinų sintezės būdai tandeminių 5–egzo–dig ir 6–endo–dig ciklizacijos reakcijų pagalba. Rastas efektyvus būdas 2–(2–aril(alkil)–2–oksoetil)–1H–indol–3–karbaldehidams sintetinti iš 2–alkinil–1H–indol–3–karbaldehidų ir metanolio katalizuojant sidabro druskoms. Parodyta, kad 2–alkinilchinolin–3–karbaldehidai reaguodami su dimetilfosfitu bazinėje terpėje sudaro prisijungimo produktus dimetilhidroksi– (2–pakeistus-chinolin–3–il)metilfosfonatus. Pastarieji, esant bazės pertekliaus, persigrupuoja į atitinkamus dimetil–(2–pakeistus-chinolin–3–il)metilfosfatus. Nustatyta, kad 2–(2–piridinil)etinilchinolin–3–karbaldehidas ir 6–ariletinilpirimidin–... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Olson, Linda Irene. "A comparative study on the incidence of tuberculosis among status Indians and other selected groups in Manitoba, Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0025/MQ51779.pdf.
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Linton, Stephen Alexander. "The maximal subgroups of the sporadic groups Th, Fiâ†2â†4 and Fi'â†2â†4 and other topics." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317925.
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Rockefeller, Thomas Joseph. "The Effectiveness of an Educational Service District's Programs and Services as Perceived by Various Educator Groups." PDXScholar, 1990. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1374.
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This study examined the effectiveness of an educational service district's programs and services as perceived by various educator groups. The population of the study included certificated public school employees and school board members.
A sixty-two item survey instrument was used to obtain information from the study population. Of the 1507 survey instruments distributed, 769 instruments were returned for a response rate of 51%.
Four main research questions were posed: (a) Is Educational Service District 112 perceived as an effective educational component of the Southwest Washington public education system? (b) Are the programs and services provided by Educational Service District 112 perceived as effective by the educational community the regional office is designed to serve? (c) Are Educational Service District 112's services and programs perceived as effective by different characteristic, or demographic, groups? (d) What characteristics, both personal and professional, might influence differences in perceived program effectiveness?
Data were reported in terms of frequency distributions and means and were statistically analyzed using ANOVAs, ANCOVAs, multiple comparisons, and the Chi square test of significance.
The findings show that: (a) Educational Service District 112 is perceived overall as an effective organization. (b) Individual Instructional and Curriculum and Special Services programs and services are perceived as effective. (c) The vast majority of ESD 112's patrons do not have enough knowledge of individual programs and services to rate their effectiveness. (d) When grouping the respondents by different demographic characteristics, all characteristic groupings perceive ESD 112 as effective. (e) When the mean responses of position groups were found to differ significantly, the teacher group always rated ESD 112 as less effective than the group with which they differed, while the board member group always rated ESD 112 as more effective than the group with which they differed. (f) When various county location groups were found to differ significantly, Pacific County always rated ESD 112 as less effective than the group with which they differed. (g) Position appears to be the most influential characteristic affecting the patron's effectiveness rating of ESD 112's programs and services.
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Altebo, Petra. "Political Ideas and Behaviour of Armed Groups : A comparative analysis of armed groups’ ideology and repertoires of sexual violence during the conflict in Darfur 2003-2006." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324938.
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The purpose of this thesis is to study under what conditions armed groups practice different repertoires of sexual violence, by studying ideology’s influence on behaviour. This will be explored through a structured focused comparison of three armed groups active in the conflict in Darfur 2003-2006, the Janjaweed, Sudan’s Liberation Army/Movement and the Justice and Equality Movement. The theory suggest that a strong implemented ideology will lead to control over behaviour and values, hence sexual violence will be practice in line with organizational objectives and ideas, either instrumental or not practiced at all. Consequently, a weak ideological framework will lead to variation in socialization processes and an opportunistic repertoire. The findings correlate as expected by the hypothesis, while data constraints call for caution. The results suggests a broadening of the theoretical framework as well as further studies on the suggested causal mechanism, combatant socialization, to examine how, and under what circumstances, behaviours are spread as a social practice among combatants.
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Shin, Seonho. "A comparison of Van der Linden's conditional equipercentile equating method with other equating methods under the random groups design." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1263.
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To ensure test security and fairness, alternative forms of the same test are administered in practice. However, alternative forms of the same test generally do not have the same test difficulty level, even though alternative test forms are designed to be as parallel as possible. Equating adjusts for differences in difficulties among forms of the test. Six traditional equating methods are considered in this study: equipercentile equating without smoothing, equipercentile equating with pre-smoothing and post-smoothing, IRT true-score and observed-score equatings, and kernel equating. A common feature of all of the traditional procedures is that the end result of equating is a single transformation (or conversion table) that is used for all examinees who take the same test. Van der Linden has proposed conditional equipercentile (or local) equating (CEE) to reduce the error of equating contained in the traditional equating procedures by introducing individual level equating. Van der Linden's CEE is conceptually closest to IRT-T in that CEE is with respect to a type of true score (θ, or proficiency), but it shares similarities with to IRT-O in that CEE uses an estimated observed score distribution for each individual θ to equate scores using equipercentile equating.
No real-data study has yet compared van der Linden's CEE with each of the traditional equating procedures. Indeed, even for the traditional procedures, no study has compared all six of them simultaneously. In addition to van der Linden's CEE, two additional variations of CEE are considered: CEE using maximum likelihood (CEE-MLE) and CEE using the true characteristic curve (CEE-TCC). The focus of this study is on comparing results from CEE vis-à-vis the traditional procedures, as opposed to answering a “best-procedure”question, which would require a common conception of “true”equating. Although the results of the traditional equating methods are quite similar, the kernel equating method and equipercentile equating with log-linear presmoothing generally show better fit to the respective original form statistical moments under various data conditions. Although IRT-T and IRT-O usually are found to be least favorable under all circumstance in terms of statistical moments, the equated raw score difference distribution illustrates more stable performance than traditional equating methods. It was found here that the number of examinees having a particular score point does not influence results for CEE as much as it does for traditional equatings. CEE-EAP and CEE-MLE are very similar to one another and the equated score difference distributions are similar to those of IRT-O. CEE-TCC involves a part of the IRT-T procedure. Hence, CEE-TCC behaves somewhat similar to IRT-T. Although CEE results are less desirable in terms of maintaining statistical moments, the equated score differences are more consistent and stable than for the traditional equating methods.
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Schlag, Gretchen E. H. "The relationship between flexible reading groups and reading achievement in elementary school students." ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/654.
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Despite the current emphasis on differentiating instruction to accommodate individual student learning needs, most reading instruction is taught primarily in static small groups or whole group settings. However, the use of flexible reading groups for reading instruction allows students to be appropriately challenged and avoids labeling a student's reading readiness as stagnant. This study examines the relationship between flexible reading groups and reading achievement of 130 fifth grade students in one elementary school. The theoretical base for the research is grounded in the constructivist theory as supported by Vygotsky and Bruner. In this quasi-experimental quantitative research study, the effect of flexible reading groups on reading achievement was examined using a within-subject pretest and posttest single group design to compare gain scores using the Standardized Test of Achievement in Reading. The scores compared an eight week period of whole group instruction to an eight week period of flexible group instruction on the reading assessment. Data from the gain scores of the groups were statistically analyzed using a paired samples t test to determine whether or not the flexible reading groups had a positive effect on reading achievement. Statistical analysis yielded a statistically significant difference t(129) = 3.82, p < .05 which was interpreted to mean that flexible reading groups significantly enhanced student learning. This study will contribute to the most recent research on flexible grouping and reading instruction by focusing on the implementation of flexible reading groups and establishing data to support the research on flexible group instruction. This study contributes to social change by providing educators with knowledge on differentiated instruction through the implementation of flexible groups as it relates to reading achievement.
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Komen, Maikel. "The Relevance of Legacies : How Parent Organizations Influence the Survival Chances of Rebel Groups." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413099.
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How does the organizational legacy of a rebel group affect its ability to survive within a conflict? I theorize that adopting the institutional structure from a parent organization can strengthen the rebel group’s ability to resist the government. By drawing upon literature that identifies how such a pre-established structure is complementary to, or serves as a substitute for an informal system of social control, I posit that rebel groups emerging from a pre-existing organization are less likely to get militarily defeated by the government than rebel groups without a parent organization. I test this hypothesis empirically by using the FORGE dataset that identifies not only whether rebel groups emerge from pre-existing organizations, but also from which type of parent organization. I find that only rebel groups with a pre-existing parent organization that has an institutional base pre-designed to resist repression from the government in order to avoid their militarily defeat have positive implications on rebel groups’ durability. In contrast, rebel groups that emerged from the military and non-military faction of the government are found to be more prone to a militarily defeat by its parent.
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Lundström, Line. "Protection through Deterrence : A quantitative analysis of the effect of military peacekeeping capabilities on violence against civilians by rebel groups." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-432115.
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Zhou, Qing. "Synthesis of new tetrazines functionalized with photoactive and electroactive groups." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00796461.
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In this thesis, we have prepared different types of s-tetrazine derivatives for electrochemical and fluorescence studies. In the first part, we present a blibliographic study of s-tetrazine focussing on theirs synthesis and properties. In the second chapter, we introduce s-tetrazine derivatives as the ion pair receptor. These receprtors uses pi-anion type of interactions between ion pairs and s-tetrazines whcih has been seldom been observed in solution. The formation of complex between the ammonium salt (C8H17NH3Br or C8H17NH3I) and bis-s-tetrazine receptors is demonstrated by NMR and fluorescence titration experiments. It is also proved that receptor 82 binds stronger to ammonium salt than the shorter equivalents 80 and 81. Furthermore, all of them give the same unexpected selectivity order toward anions namely: I- > Br- > Cl-. Finally, a side reaction has been uncovered by UV-vis absorption which leads to the formation of Br2 or I2. Taking fully into account all spectroscopic results, we proposed a mechanism for this transformation. In the third part, in order to better understand the physico-chemcal properties of s-tetrazine, various s-tetrazines with different types of substituents have been prepared. It is clear that the electrochemical properties of the tetrazine nucleus depend on the electron affinity of its substituent and not on the size. Furthermore, electron donor groups quench the fluorescence of s-tetrazine even if they are not directly linked. A new type of s-tetrazines has been obtained through an unexpected reactivity of chloro-s-tetrazine. This reaction could give unsymmetrical s-tetrazines bearing one heteroatom and one alkyl chain which is useful for future developmemt of their properties. In the last part, we talk about new s-tetrazine dyads with improved brightness. Based on energy transfer from a donor part (naphthalimide or benzimidazole) to an acceptor core (tetrazine), these compounds own good fluorescence quantum yields, longer lifetimes and higher brightness. One derivative has been used to prepare a three colors fluorescent and electrochemically switchable device.
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Selaya, Susan D. "Investigations into the fluorescent covalent labeling of biomolecules utilizing rhodamine dyes, electrophilic leaving groups and mRNA display." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3623.
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The discovery of a method by which proteins of interest can selectively be labeled with a probe of choice intracellularly is a longstanding goal in chemical biology research. Conventional labeling techniques have utilized large domain tags but despite the development of small labeling molecules there have been no short peptide sequences known to covalently label a small molecule without the aid of an enzymatic process or metal chelation. We aimed to find a sequence of nucleophilic peptides that reacted covalently and specifically with electrophilic small labeling molecules using mRNA display. Our goal was to show that an electrophilic small labeling molecule that is brought in proximal distance to a protein of interest via affinity can result in nucleophilic attack by a neighboring nucleophilic amino acid to covalently label the protein of interest. Utilizing affinity between a small labeling molecule and a protein of interest to bring them spatially close to one another maximizes the chance that a covalent reaction can take place and provides selectivity between two components in a complex mixture. Towards this goal, we developed several electrophilic fluorescent small molecules. Covalent labeling was achieved using electrophilic bait in the form of sulfonate esters, a polyethylene oxide linker provided structural flexibility, and a fluorescent affinity tag containing a rhodamine backbone served as the potential binding site to a key peptide sequence encoded within a protein of interest. The synthetic routes to access our electrophilic rhodamine B and sulforhodamine 101 fluorophores were optimized. Key intermediates were produced and served as flexible points of modification to make various analogs of our desired electrophilic fluorophores. The affinity between proteins containing the peptide sequence and the fluorescent electrophiles were determined by fluorescence polarization. Covalent labeling was determined to be both time and concentration dependent. The expected published affinity between the peptides and fluorophore was not high enough to produce selective labeling. However, our small labeling molecules were found to be effective at labeling various proteins in vitro. In addition, our electrophilic fluorophores have been found superior to sulforhodamine 101 in live cell imaging of astrocytes.
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Laugwitz, Robert. "Braided Hopf algebras, double constructions, and applications." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ddcb459f-c3b4-40dd-9936-6bad6993ce8c.
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This thesis contains four related papers which study different aspects of double constructions for braided Hopf algebras. The main result is a categorical action of a braided version of the Drinfeld center on a Heisenberg analogue, called the Hopf center. Moreover, an application of this action to the representation theory of rational Cherednik algebras is considered. Chapter 1 : In this chapter, the Drinfeld center of a monoidal category is generalized to a class of mixed Drinfeld centers. This gives a unified picture for the Drinfeld center and a natural Heisenberg analogue. Further, there is an action of the former on the latter. This picture is translated to a description in terms of Yetter-Drinfeld and Hopf modules over quasi-bialgebras in a braided monoidal category. Via braided reconstruction theory, intrinsic definitions of braided Drinfeld and Heisenberg doubles are obtained, together with a generalization of the result of Lu (1994) that the Heisenberg double is a 2-cocycle twist of the Drinfeld double for general braided Hopf algebras. Chapter 2 : In this chapter, we present an approach to the definition of multiparameter quantum groups by studying Hopf algebras with triangular decomposition. Classifying all of these Hopf algebras which are of what we call weakly separable type, we obtain a class of pointed Hopf algebras which can be viewed as natural generalizations of multiparameter deformations of universal enveloping algebras of Lie algebras. These Hopf algebras are instances of a new version of braided Drinfeld doubles, which we call asymmetric braided Drinfeld doubles. This is a generalization of an earlier result by Benkart and Witherspoon (2004) who showed that two-parameter quantum groups are Drinfeld doubles. It is possible to recover a Lie algebra from these doubles in the case where the group is free and the parameters are generic. The Lie algebras arising are generated by Lie subalgebras isomorphic to sl2. Chapter 3 : The universal enveloping algebra U(trn) of a Lie algebra associated to the classical Yang-Baxter equation was introduced in 2006 by Bartholdi-Enriquez-Etingof-Rains where it was shown to be Koszul. This algebra appears as the An-1 case in a general class of braided Hopf algebras in work of Bazlov-Berenstein (2009) for any complex reection group. In this chapter, we show that the algebras corresponding to the series Bn and Dn, which are again universal enveloping algebras, are Koszul. This is done by constructing a PBW-basis for the quadratic dual. We further show how results of Bazlov-Berenstein can be used to produce pairs of adjoint functors between categories of rational Cherednik algebra representations of different rank and type for the classical series of Coxeter groups. Chapter 4 : Quantum groups can be understood as braided Drinfeld doubles over the group algebra of a lattice. The main objects of this chapter are certain braided Drinfeld doubles over the Drinfeld double of an irreducible complex reflection group. We argue that these algebras are analogues of the Drinfeld-Jimbo quantum enveloping algebras in a setting relevant for rational Cherednik algebra. This analogy manifests itself in terms of categorical actions, related to the general Drinfeld-Heisenberg double picture developed in Chapter 2, using embeddings of Bazlov and Berenstein (2009). In particular, this work provides a class of quasitriangular Hopf algebras associated to any complex reflection group which are in some cases finite-dimensional.
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Guo, Yeheng. "Linder's Hypothesis Revisited: A Study on China and 13 Other Countries in Three Different Income Level Groups from 1981 to 2004." Ohio : Ohio University, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1149519737.
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