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Journal articles on the topic 'Other land areas'
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1
McDonald, John F. "THE SUBSTITUTION OF LAND FOR OTHER INPUTS IN URBAN AREAS." Papers in Regional Science 48, no. 1 (January 14, 2005): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.1981.tb01143.x.
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Islam, Rahatul, Donia Jendoubi, Jalal Uddin Md Shoaib, Wendy Peterman, and Sayeda Sabrina Ali. "Ridge and Ditch Technique: A Strategy for Sustainable Land Management in Swampy Land Areas in Southern Bangladesh." Case Studies in the Environment 3, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cse.2018.001305.
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In Bangladesh, there is a need for socioeconomic sustainability in land management systems. An exploratory study was conducted in the southern part of Bangladesh (Nesarabad) to evaluate the successful strategy of sustainable land management (SLM), where swampy land is transformed, using ridges and ditches. Approximately 25 agro-based sites were studied to evaluate their relevant land use, management, and economic aspects. We determined that nearly 100% of the cultivated lands adopted this technology, representing a combination of SLM measures. The technology was based mainly on structural measures, combined with other conservation measures. The maintenance and recurring activities increased the efficiency of the technology and improved the land quality, making it more useful for various agricultural practices. Most of the lands were cultivated with fruit trees and vegetables, which provided high net average profits with low effort during cultivation. Land users claimed some weaknesses in establishment cost, marketing, transportation, etc. This study assesses these constraints and recommends some suggestions to generate a more suitable scheme for more SLM measures.
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Schultz, Nivaldo, Kellis Fernanda Amancio Moreira, Isabela Beatriz Pereira da Cruz, Pedro Araújo Garcia, Luiz Carlos de Souza Filho, Helena Saraiva Koenow Pinheiro, Otavio Augusto Queiroz dos Santos, and Marcos Gervasio Pereira. "Geotechnology applied to land classification in areas of the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 6 (May 30, 2021): e28510615927. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i6.15927.
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The objective of this study was to classify the lands of a micro-watershed located in the Atlantic forest biome, in a region of rough relief, in the use capacity system using geotechnology resources and indicate uses for the lands according to their suitability. The theoretical basis of the Manual for Utilitarian Survey and Classification of Land in the Use Capacity System with adaptations for areas of rough relief was adopted. The study was carried out from the survey of topographic information to construct the altimetric map of the watershed, followed by the survey of the physical environment, especially water erosion, description of soil profiles and collection of samples. The parameters effective depth, texture, permeability, slope, erosion, fertility, and land use were evaluated. Based on the pedological data and on the use of applied geotechnology, the soil map was created, and the lands of the watershed were classified and mapped in the use capacity system. After interpretation of the survey products, it was verified that in rough relief, slope is the predominant factor to determine the classes of land use, as it outweighs the other parameters evaluated. Land classification land with the use capacity system promotes optimization in the use of areas with agricultural areas and preservation of those destined for conservation.
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Chotchaiwong and Wijitkosum. "Predicting Urban Expansion and Urban Land Use Changes in Nakhon Ratchasima City Using A CA-Markov Model under Two Different Scenarios." Land 8, no. 9 (September 17, 2019): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8090140.
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This study focused on the prediction of land-use changes in Nakhon Ratchasima city using a CA-Markov Model with GIS. Satellite images taken by Landsat-5 (1992), Landsat-7 (2002) and THEOS (2016) were used to predict land use in 2026. In 1992, the most proportion of land usage was built-up areas (47.76%) and followed by green areas (37.45%), bare lands (13.19%), and water bodies (1.60%), respectively. In 2002, the land use comprised built-up areas (56.04%), green areas (35.52%), bare lands (4.80%) and water bodies (3.63%). By 2016, urbanisation had changed the land use pattern, which comprised built-up areas (70.80%), green areas (20.78%), bare lands (6.37%), and water bodies (2.03%). The data were analysed using a change detection matrix and revealed an increase in built-up area at the expense of all other types, especially green areas. The results were in accordance with the prediction model created in two scenarios. Scenario 1 assumed city expansion following past trends, built-up areas (85.88%), green areas (11.67%), bare lands (2.15%), and water bodies (0.30%). Scenario 2 assumed city expansion in accordance with the national strategy, built-up areas (74.91%), green areas (15.77%), bare lands (8.48%), and water bodies (0.84%). The results indicated an expansion of built-up areas and a shrinking of green areas. In Scenario 2, urban expansion was less than in Scenario 1, and preserving the green area seemed more feasible due to governmental restrictions. The results indicated that planning the urbanisation according to the policies development plans, especially in specific areas, contributed to a more efficient urbanisation growth. The city should provide to promote the use of floor area ratio (FAR) and open space ratio (OSR) with urban planning measures as well as increasing the green areas.
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Liu, Y. L., Z. H. Wu, Y. Y. Chen, and B. Z. Wang. "SOIL CARBON MAPPING IN LOW RELIEF AREAS WITH COMBINED LAND USE TYPES AND PERCENTAGES." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-3 (May 2, 2018): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-3-285-2018.
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Accurate mapping of soil carbon in low relief areas is of great challenge because of the defect of conventional “soil-landscape” model. Efforts have been made to integrate the land use information in the modelling and mapping of soil organic carbon (SOC), in which the spatial context was ignored. With 256 topsoil samples collected from Jianghan Plain, we aim to (i) explore the land-use dependency of SOC via one-way ANOVA; (ii) investigate the “spillover effect” of land use on SOC content; (iii) examine the feasibility of land use types and percentages (obtained with a 200-meter buffer) for soil mapping via regression Kriging (RK) models. Results showed that the SOC of paddy fields was higher than that of woodlands and irrigated lands. The land use type could explain 20.5&thinsp;% variation of the SOC, and the value increased to 24.7&thinsp;% when the land use percentages were considered. SOC was positively correlated with the percentage of water area and irrigation canals. Further research indicated that SOC of irrigated lands was significantly correlated with the percentage of water area and irrigation canals, while paddy fields and woodlands did not show similar trends. RK model that combined land use types and percentages outperformed the other models with the lowest values of RMSE<sub>C</sub> (5.644&thinsp;g/kg) and RMSE<sub>P</sub> (6.229&thinsp;g/kg), and the highest R<sup>2</sup><sub>C</sub> (0.193) and R<sup>2</sup><sub>P</sub> (0.197). In conclusions, land use types and percentages serve as efficient indicators for the SOC mapping in plain areas. Additionally, irrigation facilities contributed to the farmland SOC sequestration especially in irrigated lands.
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Alig, Ralph, and Eric White. "Projections of Forestland and Developed Land Areas in Western Washington." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/22.1.29.
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Abstract Between 1990 and 2000, nonfederal timberland areas in western Washington declined by 5%, in contrast to a 3% reduction for the 1980–90 period. Most of this reduction is attributed to the conversion of timberland to other land uses, especially urban and other developed uses. In areas such as the Puget Sound region, population densities have more than doubled over the last 40 years. Further expansion in urban and developed areas is expected, with timberland a major source for development. We project an 8% reduction over 30 years in forestland area in western Washington. At the same time, urban and other developed areas are projected to roughly double, driven by increases in population and personal income levels. Increased demand for land for residential and other developed uses puts upward pressure on land values, increasing opportunity cost of retaining land in forests and raising the question of what will become of some forests and associated forest resources, such as water and wildlife, if forest owners find it too costly to manage the forest.
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Janoušek, Zbyněk, Vladimír Papaj, and Jiří Brázda. "Land protection versus planned land consumption: an example of the Hradec Králové Region." Soil and Water Research 14, No. 3 (May 27, 2019): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/102/2018-swr.
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One of the most significant environmental problems in Europe is the land use change as a result of urbanization. The estimate of future agricultural land takes in the Czech Republic previously published in this journal is alarming; however, this is based on arbitrarily determined assumptions. Our contribution brings a more realistic assessment of the extent of expected land takes (example of the Hradec Králové Region). For this purpose, the data from the municipalities’ Planning Analytical Materials (PAM) on buildable areas (and redevelopment areas) and data on the existing expansion of built-up areas are used. Particular attention is paid to the best quality soils included in the 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> protection class of agricultural land resources (ALR), because some municipalities located in fertile agricultural areas argue about the necessity to build up good-quality land. The Pearson correlation coefficient has been used for the evaluation to what extent the share of the soils included in the 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> protection classes of ALR out of the total area of the municipality is really related to the share of best quality soils in planned buildable areas. The spatial statistics method ‒ geographically weighted regression (GWR) has been used to find spatial deviations from the global relationship model. There is a clear differentiation between the municipalities as to whether they are able to rather protect the best soil or whether they are planning future construction predominantly on it. E.g. in municipalities with about 30–50% of the land included in the 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> ALR protection classes, buildable and redevelopment areas are designed from 0 to 100% for these highest classes of ALR protection. However, the total strength of the association (Pearson’s r) between these indicators is large, r = 0.80 (or r = 0.95 when “the point-index value of agricultural land” was used instead of ALR protection classes). The results of GWR show that higher deviations from the model value, both positive and negative ones, are not spatially clustered but located next to each other. Greater deviations occur more frequently in the more fertile western part of the region, where there is a higher pressure on good-quality land, which is either intended for development or protected on the basis of local factors (including spatial planning of individual municipalities). Estimation of future developments has revealed a substantial over-dimensionality of planned buildable areas – they will potentially be built up in more than 100 years.
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MacKinnon, K., K. Richardson, and J. MacKinnon. "Protected and other conserved areas: ensuring the future of forest biodiversity in a changing climate." International Forestry Review 22, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554820829523943.
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Biodiversity loss and climate change are two of the greatest environmental challenges of our times and are inextricably interlinked. The most significant drivers of forest and biodiversity loss are habitat loss and fragmentation due to land use changes and overexploitation. These changes will be exacerbated by climate change with increasing land degradation and more conversion of forests to meet increasing demands for agriculture and forest resources. Protected areas are the cornerstones of biodiversity conservation. Currently terrestrial protected areas cover about 15 percent of the world's land surface but this is inadequate to fully represent global biodiversity, with many forest ecosystems poorly represented in protected area networks. Ensuring effective biodiversity conservation post-2020 will require both expansion of formal reserve systems and recognition and support for other effective conservation measures, under a diverse range of governance and management regimes. Expanding forest conservation efforts will not only protect biodiversity but is increasingly recognised as an efficient and cost-effective strategy to help societies to cope with climate change and its impacts.
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Stojanovic, Bozidar, and Milena Jovasevic-Stojanovic. "Chemical and radiological vulnerability assessment in urban areas." Spatium, no. 13-14 (2006): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat0614021s.
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Cities and towns are faced with various types of threat from the extraordinary events involving chemical and radiological materials as exemplified by major chemical accidents, radiological incidents, fires, explosions, traffic accidents, terrorist attacks, etc. On the other hand, many sensitive or vulnerable assets exist within cities, such as: settlements, infrastructures, hospitals, schools, churches, businesses, government, and others. Besides emergency planning, the land use planning also represents an important tool for prevention or reduction of damages on people and other assets due to unwanted events. This paper considers development of method for inclusion vulnerability assessment in land use planning with objective to assess and limit the consequences in cities of likely accidents involving hazardous materials. We made preliminary assessment of criticality and vulnerability of the assets within Belgrade city area in respect to chemical sites and transportation roads that can be exposed to chemical accidents, or terrorist attacks.
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Nikonova, G. N., B. S. Dzhabrailova, and A. G. Nikonov. "Territorial features of the land market in rural areas." Agricultural Science Euro-North-East 21, no. 6 (December 13, 2020): 786–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2020.21.6.786-796.
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The qualitative peculiarity of the existing land market in rural areas requires constant assessment of both the mechanisms that control its development and the direction of changes in its segments. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to analyze the territorial features of the development of the agricultural land market in modern conditions of the implementation of the import substitution policy. The research was carried out across the constituent entities of the Russian Federation of the Northwestern Federal District (NWFD) and in more detail on the example of the municipal districts of the Leningrad region using data from Rosstat, Rosreestr, the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation and other sources. Statistical methods of information processing were used. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of changes in the size of the cultivated areas, it was concluded that there were unfavorable tendencies as to the demand for arable land in the conditions of the Northwestern Federal District. Due to it, the reduction in the area under crops occurs in regions with more favorable conditions for agricultural activities. As the result, the growth in the number of transactions for the sale and purchase of agricultural land in the regions of the Northwestern Federal District is not sustainable. On the example of the municipal districts of the Leningrad region, the features of the primary and secondary market for agricultural land were revealed: the supply of land plots exceeds demand and is localized in the suburban area, such types of land turnover as the purchase and sale and lease of land plots have limited development. Depending on the location and other rental characteristics, the level of land prices, even within the boundaries of one municipal district, varies from 2.5 to 15 times. It has been established that the development of subsystems of market turnover of agricultural land is closely related to the conditions and results of economic activity in rural areas.
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Burja, Vasile, Attila Tamas-Szora, and Iulian Bogdan Dobra. "Land Concentration, Land Grabbing and Sustainable Development of Agriculture in Romania." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 10, 2020): 2137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12052137.
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Land grabbing has become a priority topic in academic research and a political concern, due to interests in the dynamics of the phenomenon and its negative impact on the sustainable development of agriculture in rural areas. This phenomenon generates changes in production systems of agriculture with adverse environmental consequences, adversely affects socio-economic and cultural conditions and leads to lower overall efficiency in agriculture. This article analyses the links between land concentration, land grabbing and sustainable development of agriculture in Romania compared to other old and new EU-28 countries. The results of the research show that the land grabbing in Romania has a significant dimension compared to the other countries analyzed, which has led to an inadequate agrarian structure and adverse effects on the sustainable performance of agricultural holdings and the sustainable development of rural areas.
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Hudecová, Ľubica, and Robert Geisse. "Evaluation of the Status of Real Property in Rural Areas." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 26, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2018-0028.
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Abstract Municipalities have a great deal of interest in land consolidation. Deciding which municipality is going to be prioritized for land consolidation is not easy; a unified universal selection procedure does not currently exist. The article proposes a procedure for assessing land ownership in a municipality. Municipalities with the worst ratings should be prioritized for land consolidation. The selection of evaluation parameters and their classification into groups is the result of previous experience. The parameters cover a broad spectrum of variables, economic conditions, the spatial structure of the agricultural land, the fragmentation of land and land ownership, the ecological stability of the land, territorial endangerment as well as natural conditions, technical limitations, and other regional specifics. The proposed quantification of the status of real property can be used with the aim of prioritizing municipalities, even with a variable number of evaluation parameters. To test the proposed algorithm, analyses were carried out in three municipalities located in west Slovakia. The municipalities were ranked according to the need to perform land consolidation
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POULIQUEN-YOUNG, ODILE. "Evolution of the system of protected areas in Western Australia." Environmental Conservation 24, no. 2 (June 1997): 168–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892997000234.
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The Western Australian system of protected areas (PAs) covers more than 15 million ha and is the second largest conservation estate of the Australian continent. An analysis of the history of the creation of PAs in Western Australia shows that the concept of nature conservation through reserves was slow to emerge. During the early decades of the century, reserves were mainly created for their recreation values. The lack of governmental interest in nature conservation led to a belated development of reserve coverage up to the 1950s, while vast areas of land were opened to farming and pastoralism. Following two scientifically-based reviews of the PA system, the number and coverage of PAs increased dramatically up to the late 1970s. The rationalization of the vesting and managerial responsibilities for PAs was only finalized in the 1980s. Since then, there has not been any large increase in PA area but a consolidation of the PA coverage. The development of the system of PAs has been impeded by the belated response of Western Australian governments to conservation concerns and a 'worthless' land approach to conservation as a land use. While large-scale land alienation for agriculture has now stopped, other types of land uses such as mining and other aspirations over land management and vesting, such as Aboriginal land claims and forestry are now constraining any large expansion of the PA system. Only an approach embracing the whole landscape can overcome the political and social limitations of the concept of PAs and the further degradation of developed land in Western Australia.
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Khyami, Ali. "Impact of land cover change on land surface temperature over Greater Beirut Area – Lebanon." Journal of Geoinformatics & Environmental Research 2, no. 1 (June 23, 2021): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.38094/jgier2121.
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Remote sensing (RS) technology has been used together with geographic information systems (GIS) to determine the LC types, retrieve LST, and analyze their relationships. The term Greater Beirut Area (GBA) is used to refer to the city of Beirut and its suburbs which witnessed rapid urban growth, after the end of the civil war, in the last decade of the twentieth century, due to the increase in the number of its inhabitants, and the prosperity and development of sectors such as; industrial, trade, tourism, and construction. These factors led to a wide change in the land cover (LC) types and increased land surface temperature LST. The results showed an increase in built-up areas by 29.1%, and agricultural lands by 6%, while bare land, forests, and seawater decreased by 28.5%, 4.9%, and 1.9%, respectively. These changes caused large differences in the LST between built-up areas and other LC types. The highest LST recorded was in built-up areas (33.03°C in 1985, and 34.01°C in 2020), followed by bare lands (32.61 °C in 1985 and 33.49°C in 2020), cropland (31.23°C in 1985 and 32.17°C in 2020), forest (30.08°C in 1985 and 30.47°C in 2020), and water (24.97°C in 1985 and 28.15°C in 2020). Consequently, converting different LC types into built-up areas led to increases in LST and changed microclimate.
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Cao, Jia-shuo, Zheng-yu Deng, Wen Li, and Yuan-dong Hu. "Remote sensing inversion and spatial variation of land surface temperature over mining areas of Jixi, Heilongjiang, China." PeerJ 8 (November 25, 2020): e10257. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10257.
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Background Jixi is a typical mining city in China that has undergone dramatic changes in its land-use pattern of mining areas over the development of its coal resources. The impacts of coal mining activities have greatly affected the regional land surface temperature and ecological system. Methods The Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) data from 2015 and 2019 were used from the Jiguan, Didao, and Chengzihe District of Jixi in Heilongjiang, China as the study area. The calculations to determine the land-use classification, vegetation coverage, and land surface temperature (LST) were performed using ArcGIS10.5 and ENVI 5.3 software packages. A correlation analysis revealed the impact of land-use type, vegetation coverage, and coal mining activities on LSTs. Results The results show significant spatial differentiation in the LSTs of Jixi City. The LSTs for various land-use types were ranked from high to low as follows: mining land > construction land > grassland > cultivated land > forest land > water area. The LST was lower in areas with high vegetation coverage than in other areas. For every 0.1 increase in vegetation coverage, the LST is expected to drop by approximately 0.75 °C. An analysis of mining land patches indicates that the patch area of mining lands has a significant positive correlation with both the average and maximum patch temperatures. The average patch temperature shows a logarithmic increase with the growth of the patch area, and within 200,000 m2, the average patch temperature increases significantly. The maximum patch temperature shows a linear increase with the patch area growth, and for every 100,000 m2 increase in the patch area of mining lands, the maximum patch temperature increases by approximately 0.81 °C. The higher the average patch temperature of mining land, the higher the temperature in its buffer zone, and the greater its influence scope. This study provides a useful reference for exploring the warming effects caused by coal mining activities and the definition of its influence scope.
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Fu, Jian Chun, Rui Wang, and Yan Li Chen. "Study on the Comprehensive Consolidation and Ecological Reclamation of Coal Mining Areas in Jiaozuo." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 2683–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.2683.
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Land subsidence and ecological problems caused by underground mining threaten seriously the sustainable development of mining areas. An example of coal mining areas in the northwest of Henan province is studied. The subsided areas amount to 70 km2 and the maximum subsided depth is more than ten meters. A series of serious problems, such as soil erosion, soil fertility declining and vegetation degeneration, are caused by land subsidence. Engineering measures are adopted for the subsided lands in hilly areas to rebuild the land as types of terrace and gentle slope, and that in the plain to renovate with methods, such as drainage, filling with coal waste rocks or fly ashes, deepening lower subsidence and filling higher subsidence. At the same time, biological measures, such as planting peanuts, soybean and other legume perennial or annual herbs, and adding organic fertilizer are used to improve the reclaimed soil quality.
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Qie, Rui Qing. "A Study on Land Use Scape Pattern Changes Based on Fractal Theory - Case Study of Mingcheng Town of Panshi City in Jilin." Advanced Materials Research 1044-1045 (October 2014): 1513–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.1513.
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Based on the spatial land use database of Mingcheng town of Panshi City in Jilin, fractal dimension and stability of land use types are studied by using GIS technology and fractal theory. The land use is classified into 7 types: cropland, garden plot, wood land, water, road land, industrial and mining, residential areas, unused land, and other lands. The fractal dimension for the patches of the land use types is analyzed. Results showed that all the land use types have fractal characteristics and the fractal dimension (D) values vary from 1.1028 to 1.6638. In terms of the land use stability given by the fractal dimension, the order of the land use types from high to low is water, industrial and mining residential areas, cropland, wood land, unused land, road land, garden plot. And land use shape index, fragmentation index and the separation index in the spatial distribution law are largely affected by human activities influence and interference, then it can provided reference for the reason utilizing of land resource.
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Zaitseva, anina. "Ways of commercialization of agricultural land." E3S Web of Conferences 244 (2021): 03017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124403017.
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The paper analyzes the ways of commercialization of agricultural land in the Krasnodar Krai. The same mechanism of supply and demand operates in the land market as in all other markets. The main factors of stabilization and growth of demand are considered. The dynamics of changes in the average indicators of agricultural land lease is presented. Proposals have been made for the enforcement of the rights of municipalities to register huge areas of ownerless, uncultivated agricultural land in shared ownership under municipal ownership in order to involve them in civil commerce, to increase local budget revenues from the use of these lands.
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Janus, Jarosław, Magdalena Łopacka, and Ewa John. "Land consolidation in mountain areas. Case study from southern Poland." Geodesy and Cartography 66, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geocart-2017-0010.
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AbstractLand consolidation procedures are an attempt to comprehensively change the existing spatial structure of land in rural areas. This treatment also brings many other social and economic benefi ts, contributing to the development of consolidated areas. Land consolidation in mountain areas differs in many respects from those implemented in areas with more favorable conditions for the functioning of agriculture. The unfavorable values of land fragmentation indices, terrain conditions and lower than the average soil quality affect both the dominant forms of agricultural activity and the limited opportunities to improve the distribution of plots in space, parameters of shape, and the area as a result of land consolidation. For this reason, the effectiveness of land consolidation in mountain areas can be achieved by improving the quality of transportation network and the accessibility of the plots, arranging ownership issues and improving the quality of cadastral documentation. This article presents the evaluation of the measures of effectiveness of land consolidation realized in mountain areas on the example of Łetownia Village in the Małopolska Province, located in the southern part of Poland. Selected village is an area with unfavorable conditions for the functioning of agriculture and high values of land fragmentation indices.
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Malik, Suratha Kumar. "Tribal-Dalit Conflict Over Land: A Case of Narayanpatna Land Movement in the Koraput District of Odisha." Contemporary Voice of Dalit 9, no. 2 (September 4, 2017): 184–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455328x17722680.
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Land as the most viable resource for sustaining tribal life is under threat because of continuous land alienation and encroachment in tribal areas of Koraput district (Odisha) in general and Narayanpatna in particular. Among the encroachers who alienate tribal land, the non-tribes and migrant Dalits from coastal areas of Odisha and Andhra Pradesh are present with other Hindu upper castes and landlords. The land laws preventing the sale of tribal lands to non-tribals remain in paper. The land dispute, which remained unsettled for generations with the negligence of the administration, was sought to be resolved by the concerted efforts of thousands of tribals led by the Chasi Mulia Adivasi Sangh (CMAS) of Narayanpatna. In the long run, through the movement, the tribals have been able to take their lands back from the clutches of ‘hooch traders’ (the Dalits, locally called as ‘Sundhis’ or local liquor vendors) and landlords, what was rightfully theirs. However, the government has done nothing concrete in this regard despite the continuous demands from the tribals to restore their lands and has, in fact, suppressed the movement with all brute force by arresting the tribal activists and projecting it as a brutal attack by the Maoists over the poor Dalits in the area.
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Igonin, R. V., and M. V. Viktorchuk. "Features of Administrative and Legal Regulation of Protecting Forestry Fund Land in Ukraine." Law and Safety 75, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/pb.2019.4.06.
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The peculiarities of administrative and legal means for protecting forestry land of Ukraine have been considered. The issues of protecting forestry fund land in the context of the protection of forestry land have been researched. It has been found out that measures on protecting forestry land are divided into measures directly aimed at the protection of lands and measures related to forests protection. These measures constitute the content of the protection of forestry land.
It has been noted that the structure of forestry land in the Forest Code of Ukraine is revealed through the indication on its composition: lands where forest areas are placed covered with forest vegetation; non-forest lands not covered by forest vegetation provided and used for forestry purposes.
The following features of the land forest plot have been defined: it is a part of the forestry fund of Ukraine; it has defined boundaries; may be granted to a land user or land owner for forestry activities or may be withdrawn from a land user or land owner for forestry activities or other public needs.
The basic feature of forestry fund land and non-forest areas has been clarified. It has been emphasized that non-forest lands are not included in the forestry fund of Ukraine as they are occupied by agricultural lands, water and marshes, facilities, communications, low-productive lands, etc., which are provided in due course and used for the needs of forestry activities.
It has been concluded that the means of administrative and legal protection of forestry fund land of Ukraine are nowadays: quality management of agricultural land; organization and monitoring of forestry fund land of Ukraine; development of plans for the protection of forestry fund land of Ukraine, implementation of state control over the execution of measures, norms and rules for the protection of the forestry fund, etc.
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Acharya, A. K., A. K. Chaudhary, and S. Khanal. "Identification of land reclamation area and potential plantation area on Bagmati river-basin in the Terai region of Nepal." Banko Janakari 26, no. 1 (August 23, 2016): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v26i1.15502.
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Utilization of land reclamation area offers the potentiality of increasing greenery as well as providing forest products. This study refers to the identification of the land reclamation areas and potential plantation areas on the Bagmati river-basin in the Terai region of Nepal, and recommends appropriate species for plantation in order to rehabilitate such areas. Multi-temporal Landsat Satellite Images (Landsat 7 and Landsat 8) were acquired for 2002 and 2014. Object-based Image Classification method was used to classify the land cover classes into four broad categories: i) Water, ii) Sand and gravel, iii) Plantation potential (open areas suitable for plantation) and iii) Others (forest, agriculture, built-up areas etc.). The Mean Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) values and Mean Brightness values were found to be helpful in identifying the water and sand & gravel areas from the other land cover classes. The overall classification accuracy was 0.97 with a kappa coefficient of 0.89 in the case of the 2014 Image classification. In this study, the land reclamation area referred to the areas occupied by water, sand & gravel on the river-beds that were converted into plantation potential and other classes between 2002 and 2014. Similarly, the potential plantation area referred to the summation of the area of reclaimed land, the area of ‘Others’ class converted into ‘Plantation potential’ class and the area that remained to be plantation potential on the bed of the Bagmati River and its tributaries between 2002 and 2014. Altogether, 4,819.10 ha land was reclaimed in the study area, and a total of 5,395.10 ha land was found to be potential for plantation within the study area.Banko JanakariA Journal of Forestry Information for NepalVol. 26, No. 1, Page:53-59, 2016
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Erez, Lior. "Book Review: Other Areas: The Words and the Land: Israeli Intellectuals and the Nationalist Myth." Political Studies Review 10, no. 2 (April 4, 2012): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-9302.2012.00269_5.x.
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Anas, Alex. "COMMENTS ON JOHN McDONALD'S PAPER “THE SUBSTITUTION OF LAND FOR OTHER INPUTS IN URBAN AREAS”." Papers in Regional Science 48, no. 1 (January 14, 2005): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.1981.tb01144.x.
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Boarnet, Marlon G., and Michael J. Greenwald. "Land Use, Urban Design, and Nonwork Travel: Reproducing Other Urban Areas’ Empirical Test Results in Portland, Oregon." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1722, no. 1 (January 2000): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1722-04.
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Research on nonwork automobile trip generation and land use previously conducted by researchers is replicated for the Portland, Oregon, region. Additionally, new variables examining new urbanist arguments are incorporated. The results suggest that any links between land use and nonwork trip behavior act primarily by influencing trip costs, in terms of distances traveled and speeds achieved, rather than directly influencing the number of trips made. This analysis is consistent with the other research, suggesting that this model is not sensitive to errors that might arise due to the unique characteristics of the urban area under review.
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IA Nweke and CS Ejikeme. "Land capability evaluation and classification of Obosi Land in Anambra State Nigeria." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 10, no. 2 (May 30, 2021): 098–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.10.2.0021.
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Land capability evaluation and classification of Obosi land was carried out on an approximately total area of 25.58km2 using the map of the area. The aims of the study were to map out the soils of Obosi, classify them for suitability and sustainability for agricultural production and other land use development projects. Auger sample and profile pit samples were collected and examined. Using morphology and topography of the surveyed area, three mapping units; MUI-lowland areas, MUII- upland areas and MUIII-gullied areas were established. The result of the study indicated the textural class of the soils to be sandy loam, except for upland areas in Auger 1 were the textural class were loamy sand. The particle sizes range from 50gkg-1-90gkg-1 clay, 50-90gkg-1 silt, 130-590gkg-1 fine sand and 310-650gkg-1 sand. The pH of the soils varies from slightly acidity to slightly alkaline and was fairly uniform throughout the depths. The exchangeable bases, CEC, TEA, SAR and ESP of the soils were found to be low and below their critical level for crop production the base saturation value of the soils range from 22.28-99.21%. The low land areas and the upland areas were found to be suitable for arable crops. They fall under the suitability class S2 (suitable) and the capability class 11. Their major constraint on agricultural production is low fertility status. The gullied areas MUIII were found within the uplands and low-land areas. They fall under the non-suitability class NS (not suitable) and the capability class vi. The prominent limitation of this unit is erosion hazard. The area cannot be used in their present state without serious reclamation activities. The soils were classified as mixed isothermic kandic argiudult using the USDA soil Taxonomy and correlated as eutric ferralsols by FAO-WAB classification. Generally the soils need to be upgraded in soil nutrients through soil organic matter application and reclamation processes to produce maximally.
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Akay, A. E., B. Gencal, and İ. Taş. "SPATIOTEMPORAL CHANGE DETECTION USING LANDSAT IMAGERY: THE CASE STUDY OF KARACABEY FLOODED FOREST, BURSA, TURKEY." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-4/W4 (November 13, 2017): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-4-w4-31-2017.
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This short paper aims to detect spatiotemporal detection of land use/land cover change within Karacabey Flooded Forest region. Change detection analysis applied to Landsat 5 TM images representing July 2000 and a Landsat 8 OLI representing June 2017. Various image processing tools were implemented using ERDAS 9.2, ArcGIS 10.4.1, and ENVI programs to conduct spatiotemporal change detection over these two images such as band selection, corrections, subset, classification, recoding, accuracy assessment, and change detection analysis. Image classification revealed that there are five significant land use/land cover types, including forest, flooded forest, swamp, water, and other lands (i.e. agriculture, sand, roads, settlement, and open areas). The results indicated that there was increase in flooded forest, water, and other lands, while the cover of forest and swamp decreased.
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Istiawan, Deden, and Laelatul Khikmah. "Implementation of C4.5 Algorithm for Critical Land Prediction in Agricultural Cultivation Areas in Pemali Jratun Watershed." Indonesian Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Data Mining 2, no. 2 (September 13, 2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/ijaidm.v2i2.7569.
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Watershed is a complex system that is built on physical systems, biological systems and human systems that are related to each other. Each component has a distinctive nature and its existence is related to other components so as to form a unified ecosystem. Land use that does not pay attention to the conservation requirements of land and water causes land degradation which ultimately results in critical land. The impact of critical land is not only the withdrawal of soil properties, but also results in a decrease in production functions. Prediction of the critical level of land is needed to reduce the level of damage to the watershed, so that it can be used for policy making by the relevant agencies. In this research C4.5 algorithm will be applied to predictions of critical land in agricultural cultivation areas using critical land parameters. Based on the results of the research on critical land classification of agricultural cultivation areas in the jratun pemali watershed it can be concluded that the C.45 algorithm can be implemented to predict critical land in agricultural cultivation areas with an accuracy rate of 92.47%.
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E.H., Osman, Gumaa Y.S.A., and Elhag A.M.H. "Land Cover/Land Use Trends along the Blue Nile River Blue Nile State – Sudan." IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2455-4499) 13, no. 1 (February 6, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jas.v13.n1.p1.
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<p>The study focused on quantifying the extent and sources of the deterioration of the vegetation cover of the study area at the Sudanese Blue Nile watershed in relation to agriculture extension policy, inefficient management and Lack of governmental policy. </p><p>The Research was based on forest and vegetation inventory and soil analysis to determine the current situation using ground survey, forest inventory and remote sensing data as well as secondary information from other sources to cover historical records from 1990 to 2015.</p><p>The results showed a significant change in natural ecosystems during the study period due to the change in the land use patterns. The Closed forests, open forests, and rural settlement areas were found to decrease by -90%, -43% and -32% respectively during the period (1990-2000). This negative trend was reflected in a positive trend showed by expansion in agriculture (+267%), horticulture (+73%), bare land (144%), and urban areas (12%). During the period (2010-2015), which was the civil war period, the area of closed forests, open forests and urban areas were increased, in comparison to that of 1990-2000) by 201,10, and 247% respectively, while that of agriculture, Rural areas, and bare lands is negative (-51, -54 and -68% respectively).</p><p>The major factor for the change is mainly attributed to the migration of rural people towards urban areas due to civil war and economic crises. In addition, it is expected that there are other factors such as the absence of clear plans and coordination between concerned government authorities, at local and national levels, which may need further investigations and studies to clear the whole picture.</p>
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Krunic, Nikola, Marija Maksin, Sasa Milijic, Olgica Bakic, and Jasmina Djurdjevic. "Population dynamics and land cover changes of urban areas." Spatium, no. 31 (2014): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat1431022k.
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In order to enable efficient management of spatial development of cities, it is essential to analyse changes in land cover, in the ?consumption? of the land surrounding cities and the attained rationality with respect to the use of already urban land (reflected in the urban population density). This paper provides an overview of the land cover changes in the period between 1990 and 2006, and the potential correlation between the dynamics of the total population change on the one hand, and the land cover change on the other. The initial hypotheses of this paper are: (1) occupation and sealing of productive soil in peri-urban zones is not proportional to the population dynamics of cities and their metropolitan areas; and (2) expansion of soil sealing in peri-urban zones is not significantly affected by the differences with regard to the natural surroundings and historical development of cities, nor by these cities being developed cities or cities in transition, capitalistic or post-socialist cities, etc. These hypotheses are tested and confirmed in the cases of three capital cities in South and Southeast Europe. Regarding the changes in population density, it can be concluded that central/inner-city municipalities became less populated, with sometimes very significant decrease in population density, but without any land cover change, which indicates ?depopulation?. At the same time, outer-city and peripheral municipalities also suffered a decline in population density, while their urban zones extended.
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Kučera, Jakub, and Tomáš Hlavsa. "Agricultural Land Evaluation Considering the Czech Less Favoured Areas Delineation." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 65, no. 4 (2017): 1195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201765041195.
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This paper analyses the impact of the common European criteria on the Less Favoured Areas (LFA) delineation in the Czech Republic (CR) and compares it with currently used point evaluation system. Further, it compares the advantages and disadvantages of both delineation systems from various points of view and concerning the needs of common agricultural policies. In the Czech Republic, a system of point evaluation of the agricultural land productivity based on the Evaluated soil-ecological units (ESEU) is used for delineation of the other than mountain LFA since 2001. Within the programme period 2014–2020, the European Commission proposes to delineate the other than mountain LFA using a single set of criteria, common for all the member states. Some criteria of the natural handicap proposed by the European Commission (EC) can be derived directly from the ESEU five-cipher code and from the soil maps. The comparison clearly shows that the current Czech system of point evaluation of the productivity of agricultural land can express better the influence of worse soil and climatic conditions on the limitations of the agricultural use of the land than the system proposed by the EC. Additionally, the ESEU point evaluation can express also the effect of simultaneous influence of more factors, which may thus increase or decrease the final ESEU point values. Conversely, it is necessary to remark that the land quality evaluation based on ESEU is rather complicated and not easily understandable for the wide public. Also, it cannot be applied in all the EU countries.
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Adam, Achamyeleh Gashu. "Land readjustment as an alternative land development tool for peri-urban areas of Ethiopia." Property Management 33, no. 1 (February 16, 2015): 36–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pm-05-2013-0034.
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Purpose – The rapid urban population growth in Ethiopia is causing an increasing demand for urban land, which primarily tends to be supplied by expropriation of peri-urban land. The process of urban development in Ethiopia is largely criticized for forced displacement and disruption of the peri-urban local community. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to introduce how Ethiopia’s urban development system could be built on the participatory and inclusive approaches of land acquisition. Design/methodology/approach – The study has employed questionnaire survey results, focus group discussion with panel of experts and previous research reports to examine the peri-urban situations and then to show why an alternative land development approach is needed to be introduced in the urban land development system of Ethiopia. Desk review on land readjustment was also made to explore best lessons from other countries applicable to the peri-urban contexts of Ethiopia. Findings – This study has explored that land readjustment is potentially an appropriate land development tool to alleviate peri-urban land development limitations in Ethiopia. Practical implications – Researchers, policy makers and government bodies that are interested in peri-urban land would appreciate and consider implementing the adapted land readjustment model as an alternative land development tool. Consequently, the local peri-urban landholders’ rights would be protected and maintained in the process of urbanization. Originality/value – Although land readjustment has the potential to achieve participatory peri-urban land development, awareness of the method in the Ethiopian urban land development system is inadequate. This study contributes to fill this gap and create an insight into the basic conditions for the adaption of the tool.
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Khlystun, V. N. "Development of land relations in the agro-industrial complex." Вестник Российской академии наук 89, no. 7 (July 8, 2019): 669–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-5873897669-677.
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This article analyzes the results and consequences of land and agrarian reforms in Russia and investigates the main directions of land policy improvement. The dynamics of the ownership structure, as well as the forms and types of land use in agricultural organizations, indicate the incompleteness of land transformations and misunderstanding of the direction of subsequent development. An assessment of the state land policy indicates its uncertainty in a number of critical positions and the inadequate response of the land administration system to the modern requirements of socioeconomic development. Its inefficiency gave rise to the lack of information on the composition and quality of land parcels, accelerating degradation of agricultural lands, criminalization of land relations, insecurity of small agribusinesses, and unprecedented growth of latifundia, among other negative trends. Registered agricultural lands constitute a little more than 20%. The boundaries of political units are not established, which leads to land disputes and insecurity of agricultural producers’ rights. The destruction of institutions for planning and forecasting; the use and protection of lands; and land management, monitoring, re-cultivation, and anti-erosion measures all led to the desertification of large areas, progress of water and wind erosion, soil salinization, and other degradation processes. To improve the current situation, we propose that a system of urgent measures be implemented.
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Volkov, Sergey, and Vladimir Kosinsky. "Utilization of Agricultural Land in the Russian Federation." Baltic Surveying 9 (December 5, 2018): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.balticsurveying.2018.022.
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This article reviews the initiatives for setting up rational use and protection of agricultural lands in order to ensure accelerated growth of the agricultural sector of the Russian Federation, enhancing its sustainability, efficiency, competitiveness, and environmental safety. It is hereby proposed to complete the differentiation of public lands into federal property, property of the subjects of the Russian Federation, property of municipal settlements; as well as to conduct topographic survey of lands in the Russian Federation (to establish and locally document the boundaries of territories of the subjects of the Russian Federation; municipal settlements; communities; special-purpose lands; areas with special land use conditions; and to systematically (once every 5 years) perform agricultural land inventory in order to identify unused, irrationally used or non-purposely used lands, as well as land use in violation of the relevant permitted use of land plots; to relaunch land survey works relating with the performance of pedagogic, geobotanical and other studies and research.
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Mawenda, John, Teiji Watanabe, and Ram Avtar. "An Analysis of Urban Land Use/Land Cover Changes in Blantyre City, Southern Malawi (1994–2018)." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (March 18, 2020): 2377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062377.
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Rapid and unplanned urban growth has adverse environmental and social consequences. This is prominent in sub-Saharan Africa where the urbanisation rate is high and characterised by the proliferation of informal settlements. It is, therefore, crucial that urban land use/land cover (LULC) changes be investigated in order to enhance effective planning and sustainable growth. In this paper, the spatial and temporal LULC changes in Blantyre city were studied using the integration of remotely sensed Landsat imageries of 1994, 2007 and 2018, and a geographic information system (GIS). The supervised classification method using the support vector machine algorithm was applied to generate the LULC maps. The study also analysed the transition matrices derived from the classified map to identify prominent processes of changes for planning prioritisation. The results showed that the built-up class, which included urban structures such as residential, industrial, commercial and public installations, increased in the 24-year study period. On the contrary, bare land, which included vacant lands, open spaces with little or no vegetation, hilly clear-cut areas and other fallow land, declined over the study period. This was also the case with the vegetation class (i.e., forests, parks, permanent tree-covered areas and shrubs). The post-classification results revealed that the LULC changes during the second period (2007–2018) were faster compared to the first period (1994–2007). Furthermore, the results revealed that the increase in built-up areas systematically targeted the bare land and avoided the vegetated areas, and that the vegetated areas were systematically cleared to bare land during the study period (1994–2018). The findings of this study have revealed the pressure of human activities on the land and natural environment in Blantyre and provided the basis for sustainable urban planning and development in Blantyre city.
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Darmayani, Uciek, Rr Lilik Ekowati, and Viv Djanat Prasita. "THE ROLE OF CENTRAL AND REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS IN THE RESOLUTION OF LAND PROBLEMS OF THE INDONESIAN NAVY AS A MILITARY TRAINING AREA IN GRATI PASURUAN." JOURNAL ASRO 12, no. 01 (January 18, 2021): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37875/asro.v12i01.378.
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ABSTRACT
The Indonesian Navy owns land assets of State Property (BMN) in Grati, Pasuruan Regency covering an area of 36,763,350 m2 (3,676.34 Ha). In accordance with Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 68 of 2014 concerning State Defense Territory Arrangement. There are 1,033 locations of Indonesian Forces lands that are included in the Territory The defense consists of the Indonesian Army as many as 583 locations, the Indonesian Navy as many as 93 locations and the Indonesian Air Force in 357 locations. The Defense Area consists of military bases or soldiers, military training areas, military installations, equipment testing areas, storage areas for other explosive and dangerous goods, areas for disposal of ammunition and other dangerous defense equipment, strategic national vital objects and air defense interests. the land of the Indonesian Navy BMN in Grati, Pasuruan Regency cannot be used optimally for the Indonesian Forces training area because many residents inhabit the Indonesian Navy land for agricultural land and housing so that the participation of the central and regional governments is needed in resolving these problems so that the Indonesian Navy can use the land as a training area in accordance with the Main Duties and Main Functions of the Indonesian Navy. And This research used descriptive qualitative methods and analysis is carried out based on the findings of the data that has been collected.
Keywords: Policy evaluation, military training area, community relocation, team formation combined
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Akonwi Nebasifu, Ayonghe, and Ngoindong Majory Atong. "Land Use and Access in Protected Areas: A Hunter’s View of Flexibility." Forests 11, no. 4 (April 24, 2020): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11040481.
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Anthropologists sometimes ask what flexible practices mean when used in instances of land use and access among protected area regimes which control the land and the indigenous or local people who claim rights to the land. In the Mount Cameroon National Park (MCNP), West Africa, this question comes with urgency because of the historical disputes associated with defining access and user-rights to land within this park. In this case, we present an ethnographic study using a transect walk with a native Bakweri hunter to map and analyze his opinions about land use and access into the park. The findings show that, despite State prohibitions for this park, customary practices still occur for mutual reasons, whereas, in situations of disputes, other practices continue on the land unnoticed. We conclude that this flexibility is indicative of reciprocal negotiations and cultural resilience that preserve not only the biodiversity of the park but also the culturally relevant needs of people.
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Bao, Yu Xue. "Study on Direction for Land Reclamation Engineering in Limestone Mining Area — The Case of Limestone Mine Land in Tongyuanpu, Fengcheng." Advanced Materials Research 977 (June 2014): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.977.253.
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It is very difficult to have Land reclamation in the limestone mine.Based on the land reclamation principle and the actual economic situation of the project area geographical and geological characteristics,We are discussed land reclamation direction about of limestone areas , Improving the usage of the land reclamation type and economic value. Some reference is provided for land reclamation in other similar areas of limestone.
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Lyusak, A. V., and K. M. Nikolaichuk. "Problems and areas to improve a land monitoring system in Ukraine." Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник "Меліорація і водне господарство", no. 2 (December 21, 2020): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/mivg202002-249.
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Relevance of the research. A scientific and theoretical analysis of the legislation in the field of monitoring of land use and protection was carried out. The problem of information imperfection on the quantitative and qualitative state of land resources, which is the basis of land monitoring, was identified. The problem of land monitoring is the imperfection of the monitoring system itself, namely the collection of information on the land state, the spread of degradation processes by various entities of monitoring. The current Regulations on land monitoring were considered and it is proposed to provide for the expansion of the types of analytical work, to adapt the European standards in the selection, transportation and storage of soil samples, to impose mandatory quality control on all works. According to the current legislation of Ukraine, the main task of monitoring is to monitor the dynamics of the processes taking place in the field of land management. Monitoring data are used in making decisions on construction, establishing permitted types of land use, which help prevent land degradation. The updated monitoring data enable public administration bodies to make appropriate demands to land users to eliminate the violations in the field of land use and protection, as well as to bring to justice those responsible for these violations. To ensure the effective functioning of the unified monitoring system, it is necessary to solve a number of organizational, technical and other problems. The main disadvantages of this system are the obsolescence of technical, methodological and information equipment of the monitoring system centers used during observations; lack of a single observation network; inconsistency of separate information technologies used by different entities of monitoring; inconsistency of normative-technical and normative-legal provision with modern requirements. These problems can be solved by creating a new network of observations, but it requires a large amount of funding.
The Concepts of the State Target Program for the development of land relations in Ukraine and the Concepts of the State Program for Environmental Monitoring were considered, which provide for the improvement of the land monitoring by maximizing the existing potential and gradual improvement of organizational, legal, methodological and technical support of the monitoring system, taking into account current information needs and the recommendations of the UN Economic Commission for Europe. A necessary requirement for the effective counteraction to violations of land legislation and non-compliance with the norms of rational land use is the improvement of the regulatory framework for land monitoring.
It is necessary to clearly specify the following: the purpose and objectives of monitoring as well as the methods of its implementation; main stages and steps of the land monitoring procedure; powers of the implementation entities of this procedure; basic criteria and standards for evaluating the state of land resources and crisis detection. It is also necessary to develop and legislate the procedure for Ukraine's participation in international monitoring studies on land conditions, etc. Currently in Ukraine there is no single methodology for conducting observations, due to the lack of monitoring networks, as well as a modern information system on the state of natural resources, in particular - land. According to scientists, the monitoring requirements are currently met only by agrochemical inspection of agricultural land, however, it is not monitoring: certification does not give a complete picture of land condition; it is not carried out on permanent plots and by a very limited list of indicators and focuses only on the evaluation of individual characteristics, without identifying numerous other physical, chemical and biological indicators.
Conclusions. According to the current legislation, the land monitoring system is improved by defining and developing standards and regulations in the field of land use and protection, including protection and reproduction of soil fertility. Improving the land monitoring procedure in Ukraine requires the development and implementation of a set of mechanisms for coordinating the interaction and coordination of all monitoring entities using a single system of methods and technologies in planning, organizing and conducting observations and joint activities, which will facilitate the rapid response of local executive bodies and governments to the occurrence or threat of emergencies and proper control over their development and elimination of consequences.
The main areas of developing the land monitoring system include: improving organizational and legal support of monitoring; establishing a single integrated monitoring system; optimizing land monitoring methods, determining and developing standards and regulations in the field of land use and protection; ensuring the integration of information resources; strengthening the coordination of the activities of monitoring entities and data management within the state system of land monitoring in Ukraine; participating in international monitoring studies on land condition and harmonization of national standards with the international ones in order to integrate the national land monitoring system in the international systems.
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Ingwani, Emaculate. "Struggles of Women to Access and Hold Landuse and Other Land Property Rights under the Customary Tenure System in Peri-Urban Communal Areas of Zimbabwe." Land 10, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10060649.
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The struggles of women to access and hold landuse and other land property rights under the customary tenure system in peri-urban communal areas is increasingly becoming a cause for concern. These debates are revealed using a case study of a peri-urban communal area called Domboshava in Zimbabwe. Women living in this peri-urban communal area struggle to access and hold landuse and other land property rights registered under their names. The aim of this paper is to present an analysis of the struggles faced by women to access and hold landuse and other land property rights in Domboshava. This paper is a product of a literature review on land property rights, land tenure systems, and peri-urbanity more generally. Field data was intermittently collected in the peri-urban communal area of Domboshava over a period of four years from 2011 to 2014, as well as through post-research social visits stretching to 2019. Thirty-two women were conveniently selected and interviewed. I applied Anthony Giddens’ structure-agency theory as a framework of analysis. The struggles to access and hold landuse and other land property rights by women are rooted in land transactions, social systems including the customary land tenure, patriarchy, as well as the peri-urban context of Domboshava. Responsible authorities on land administration in communal areas need to acknowledge the existence of new and invented ways of accessing and holding landuse and land property rights under the customary land tenure system, as well as to find ways to mobilize more opportunities for women on the peri-urban land market.
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Obiefuna, J. N., P. C. Nwilo, C. J. Okolie, E. I. Emmanuel, and O. Daramola. "Dynamics of Land Surface Temperature in Response to Land Cover Changes in Lagos Metropolis." October 2018 2, no. 2 (October 2018): 148–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2018.02.0074.
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Land Surface Temperature (LST) is one of the key environmental parameters affected by land cover change. Lagos State has been experiencing an increase in surface temperature due to growing areas of impervious surfaces caused by anthropogenic urban sprawl. While the change in LST has been established, its continuous monitoring and relationship with continuing Land Cover (LC) changes have become imperative for appropriate management and policy actions. This study investigated the effect of land cover change on LST in the rapidly urbanising Lagos metropolis. Using spatio-temporal Landsat imageries with their thermal bands and ancillary data, land cover and LST changes were assessed from 1984 - 2015. The spatial patterns of LST and LC were derived to examine the response of LST to urban growth. Findings confirmed urban sprawl in previously rural areas northward of the metropolis in LGAs such as Ikorodu, Kosofe and those fringing the state’s border with Ogun State. This also confirmed new growth areas as occurring west of the metropolis in Amuwo-Odofin LGA. The results further showed that the rapid urbanisation in Lagos metropolis has altered the surface thermal environment as indicated by increased LST. Built-up area and bare land accounted for the highest increase in LST (as high as 1.5℃ in some areas) while wetlands and other vegetated areas played a vital role in moderating the surface temperature in areas they still occupy. This provides reasonable evidence for the appropriate authorities to institute requisite policies and actions towards moderating urban sprawl while ramping up the development of urban green infrastructure to counter global warming.
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Kenjabaev, Shavkat, Murod Sultanov, Christian Bauer, Dilbar Akhmedkhodjaeva, Ifoda Akhmedkhodjaeva, and Zaytuna Ibragimova. "Assessment of the land reclamation condition using GIS techniques and environmental variables: case study in Kulavat canal irrigation system, Khorezm." InterCarto. InterGIS 26, no. 3 (2020): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2020-3-26-264-270.
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The aim of this study is quantitatively assessment and map land reclamation condition in irrigated croplands of Kulavat canal irrigation system. Environmental variables, such as soil texture, salinity and bonitet, groundwater table and salinity, distance to irrigation systems and density of drainage networks, are the main datasets required for assessing land reclamation condition. These data were extracted and manipulated in geographic information system (GIS) as thematic layers. Spatial analyst function in GIS software was used to detect spatial distribution of variablesand assessing the land reclamation condition, of which the map of environmentally sensitive areas of study area is produced. The results obtained reveals that the study area comprises of three sensitivity classes such as good, medium and low condition, on basis of the stratification map. It is seen that the low areas for land reclamation condition in study area are found in the north-western and south-eastern parts, these areas represent 7 % of the total irrigated lands in study area (26,700 ha). The areas of mediumcondition represent 47 % of the total area. The areas of good condition comprise 33 % of the total area. The other parts (13 %) of the study area belong tonon-assessed class. By noticing the evaluation of environmental factors, the soil (texture), land condition (groundwater table) and water availability (distance to the irrigation systems) have the intensive effect on land reclamation condition throughout the study region. A GIS tool hasa potential to generate such as mapsthat can be used in specific land management improvement programs.
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Sulonen, Kimmo, and Seija Kotilainen. "Lessor’s Status in Land Consolidation in Europe – Reports From Cyprus, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Latvia and Estonia." Baltic Journal of Real Estate Economics and Construction Management 3, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 56–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjreecm-2015-0007.
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Abstract The purpose of this research was to investigate a landowner’s status as a lessor in land consolidation on agricultural areas in Europe. The research was based on surveys designed for land consolidation experts from Cyprus, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Latvia, Estonia and statistical data of the areas. The lease of agricultural land is common in Europe. However, there are differences related to how common the lease is and what the rental value of land is. The variation is based on factors such as differences in the markets, historical development of the agricultural lands and current legislation. The lessors have rights as landowners in land consolidation, but in case the land is used by third parties, lessor’s status is more limited compared to other landowners’. Similarly the costs of land consolidation typically are paid by landowners, not by users. The lessors are commonly indifferent and suspicious about the land consolidation. They are occasionally suspicious, especially before or at the beginning of the process, but later on they seem to be less suspicious. The lessors’ experience of land consolidation is based commonly on a fear of additional costs for their investment.
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Yoshimura, K., K. Fujiwara, and S. Nakama. "APPLICABILITY OF AUTONOMOUS UNMANNED HELICOPTER SURVEY OF AIR DOSE RATE IN SUBURBAN AREA." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 184, no. 3-4 (May 16, 2019): 315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncz116.
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Abstract An autonomous unmanned helicopter (AUH) survey is a useful tool for monitoring the distribution of ambient dose equivalent rates. However, the AUH survey method was developed for plane permeable fields such as agricultural land, and its applicability to urban areas is unclear. In this study, the applicability was investigated by comparing the results of AUH and ground-based surveys conducted in suburban areas, including residential and agricultural lands. The results of both surveys broadly agreed with each other within a factor of 2 in the range independent of land use, and the factor was the same as that reported for plane permeable fields. These results suggest that AUH surveys are applicable in urban areas. The measurement uncertainty of the AUH survey was largely affected by the patchy and local distribution of ambient dose equivalent rates on the ground and differences in the fields of view, rather than land use.
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Hailey, Charlie. "Camping off the grid in the grid: Between hospitable space and inhospitable land." Public 31, no. 61 (December 1, 2020): 36–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/public_00027_1.
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When the last U.S. Census canvassed Slab City, a remote, self-governed community of artists, retirees, anarchists and homeless people in southern California’s desert, most of its residents claimed ownership of the plots they occupied as “free and clear.” And yet Slab City itself occupies land that is public, as firm in this designation as the resolve of those who live there. Often called the “last free place,” this square-mile plot is one of the remaining Section 36 areas, which were originally reserved for the state’s public schools when each township was laid out by the National Ordinance’s land surveys that blanketed the American West in an invisible but all-encompassing grid. Consequently, the state of California hosts an array of one-square mile pockets of land. Among these, Slab City is a camp that bears the ongoing question of how land—environmentally inhospitable yet relatively hospitable in its public status—might host practices of self-determination, self-regulated community, and national identity. Veritable blind spots of land management, Section 36 areas contrast other more regulated, though comparable, practices on public and private lands. The Bureau of Land Management oversees Long Term Visitor Areas where campers can park trailers across vast territories for extended periods of time, and Walmart plays host to cross-country travelers who overnight in its parking lots—a permutation of recreational camping known as boondocking. But what happens in the absence of oversight? In places where the campsites become permanent? In times when those living there have arrived not only by choice but also in many cases out of necessity? Legacies of a country’s organizational matrix, Section 36’s pockets of land linger as residual pieces of frontier mythologies, as testaments of the arbitrariness of the grid and its land policies, and as fertile ground for alternative practices of adapting to inhospitable environments and making home in improvised communities. This essay seeks to understand how Section 36 land hosts contemporary intersections of public space and freedom.
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Stonewall, Adam J., Gregory E. Granato, and Tana L. Haluska. "Assessing Roadway Contributions to Stormwater Flows, Concentrations, and Loads with the StreamStats Application." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 39 (April 11, 2018): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118758679.
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The Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) and other state departments of transportation need quantitative information about the percentages of different land cover categories above any given stream crossing in the state to assess and address roadway contributions to water-quality impairments and resulting total maximum daily loads. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with ODOT and the FHWA, added roadway and land cover information to the online StreamStats application to facilitate analysis of stormwater runoff contributions from different land covers. Analysis of 25 delineated basins with drainage areas of about 100 mi2 indicates the diversity of land covers in the Willamette Valley, Oregon. On average, agricultural, developed, and undeveloped land covers comprise 15%, 2.3%, and 82% of these basin areas. On average, these basins contained about 10 mi of state highways and 222 mi of non-state roads. The Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model was used with available water-quality data to simulate long-term yields of total phosphorus from highways, non-highway roadways, and agricultural, developed, and undeveloped areas. These yields were applied to land cover areas obtained from StreamStats for the Willamette River above Wilsonville, Oregon. This analysis indicated that highway yields were larger than yields from other land covers because highway runoff concentrations were higher than other land covers and the highway is fully impervious. However, the total highway area was a fraction of the other land covers. Accordingly, highway runoff mitigation measures can be effective for managing water quality locally, they may have limited effect on achieving basin-wide stormwater reduction goals.
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Zhang, Zhijie, Yuanjie Zhang, Xiao Yu, Liping Lei, Yuqi Chen, and Xudong Guo. "Evaluating Natural Ecological Land Change in Function-Oriented Planning Regions Using the National Land Use Survey Data from 2009 to 2018 in China." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 3 (March 16, 2021): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10030172.
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The natural ecological lands, such as forest land, grassland, wetland, etc., constitute the most important factor for maintaining and preserving the earth’s ecosystem, which must be well concerned in the regional function-oriented planning for the sustainability of human economic development. We analyzed and evaluated the change of natural ecological land in the function-oriented planning regions where we applied the major function-oriented zones introduced as a new concept in China. Using the land-use data from 2009 to 2018 that were produced by the National Land Use Survey, we re-classified natural ecological land types into the forest, grassland, wetland, and bare land, and then addressed the changes of natural ecological land types from 2009 to 2018 in the major function-oriented zones. As a result, the area of natural ecological lands generally tended to decrease from 2009 to 2018, while the decreasing trend of natural ecological land areas was controlled after 2015 with the implementation of governmental policies for environment protection and eco-logical projects. Especially, the decrease of forest land area significantly tended to be zero in 2018 in optimal development zones. The decreased areas of natural ecological lands were mostly converted from artificial land from 2008 to 2019. On the other side, the forest lands mostly changed from cropland and grassland in key development zones, agricultural production zones, and key ecological function zones, due to the fact that grassland conversed in afforestation during this period. The evaluation of natural ecological land changes, which could be implemented by using the annual updates of national land-use data in China, is significant to support the government’s spatial regulation design, to reshape the planned regions, and make policies for environmental restoration and protection management.
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Biays, Pierre. "L’oekoumène agricole au Lac-Saint-Jean." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 7, no. 13 (April 12, 2005): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/020421ar.
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Two maps of the agricultural ecumene of the Lake Saint-Jean region are presented, the first showing the extent of cleared land as determined from air photos and the second indicating the present legal status of all surveyed parcels of land. The present land use is discussed in relation with the physical environment and the history of colonisation. In some areas the limits of the agricultural ecumene correspond to the contact between the alluvium-blanketed lowland and the surround-ing Precambrian upland ; in other areas the system of land allocation bas determined the limits of the ecumene, for the advance of colonisation was often brought to a halt by the establishment of for est reserves on Crown lands. The pioneer fringe municipalities of Saint-Ludger-de-Milot and Lac-Bouchette are located in such regions of arrested settlement. The writer concludes that throughout the Lake Saint-Jean area the lands presently under cultivation are bordered by territories unsuitable for farm settlement — consequently, it appears that the agricultural ecumene of the region bas attained its furthest extension.
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Berveling, Steven. "Analysis of Australian Legislation Dealing with Contaminated Land." Scientific World JOURNAL 2 (2002): 1167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.185.
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An analysis of past and present Australian legislation for managing and regulating contaminated sites confirms that such legislation must deal with a number of specific matters.Australian legislation is effective in some of these areas but poor in relation to others. The analysis will assist other countries and jurisdictions to create effective legislation more speedily by avoiding identified problems.
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Torvikey, Gertrude Dzifa. "Land, Gender, and Class Relations in Ghana’s Cassava Frontier." Agrarian South: Journal of Political Economy: A triannual Journal of Agrarian South Network and CARES 10, no. 1 (April 2021): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/22779760211003098.
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Lands for domestic production in rural areas have increasingly shrunk and the rules of access have changed as corporate land grabs intensify in many parts of the Global South. These occurrences are outcomes of processes that are packaged in state policies that promote market intervention in agricultural production. In Ghana, state initiatives promote large-scale industrial cassava production in rural areas. This article discusses land grabs in cassava frontier communities, their impacts on land access rules, and social relations. It is argued that while land, gender, and class relations change as a result of competition over, and commodification of, land resources, community institutions, namely chiefs and families, play significant roles that legitimize dispossession of social groups whose land-use rights are derived from other hierarchies. The changes in production relations in the communities are linked to processes linked to older commodity production. Similar changes have occurred at the household level as circuits of commodity production integrate within domestic production. The article highlights different struggles by women and migrants to renegotiate their access rules and their local citizenship status.