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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Other Neuroscience and Neurobiology'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Nguyentat, Michael. "Neural Responses to Vibration during Wobble Board Balancing." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/196.

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Falling, an epidemic most prevalently seen in the elderly population, accounts for the majority of injury-related cases seen by emergency departments across the United States. Unfortunately, with no large-scale institutionalization of a solution, the problem is only expected to exacerbate as our planet’s population approaches the 7 billion mark. In the wake of the recent surge of falls among the elderly, Japan has implemented a program to include unicycling in the physical education curriculum for elementary schools across the country. The goal for this program is to encourage children to esta
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2

Yin, Terry. "Neuroprotective strategies for traumatic brain injury." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1811.

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes life-debilitating conditions. While patient survival after a TBI has improved, the outlook for quality of life after TBI currently remains poor. In order to address this problem, there is a significant unmet need for new therapeutic options to prevent progression of deficits associated with TBI. To this end, we investigated two strategies to combat the deleterious affect of TBI. First, we targeted cerebral acidosis associated with TBI by testing whether disruption of acid sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) in CNS, or buffering acidosis with sodium bicarbonate,
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3

Hall, Alexis, Hannah Oakes, and Brooks B. Pond. "The Long Term Effects of Methylphenidate on the Brain." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2018/schedule/119.

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, a disorder marked by a pattern of inattention and hyperactivity, is commonly treated with the drug methylphenidate (MPH), which inhibits reuptake of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine, thereby increasing the levels of these catecholamines in the synaptic cleft. In addition, MPH is abused by students studying for exams to increase focus and wakefulness. Despite the extensive use of MPH, little is known its long-term effects on the brain. In this study, we examined the impact of 4 weeks of MPH treatment on neurogenesis or the “birth” of ne
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4

Mattinson, Catherine Elizabeth. "DYNAMIC L-GLUTAMATE SIGNALING IN THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX AND THE EFFECTS OF METHYLPHENIDATE TREATMENT." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/neurobio_etds/4.

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The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is an area of the brain that is critically important for learning, memory, organization, and integration, and PFC dysfunction has been associated with pathologies including Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, and drug addiction. However, there exists a paucity of information regarding neurochemical signaling in the distinct sub-regions of the PFC, particularly the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The mPFC receives glutamatergic input from a number of brain areas, and functional glutamate signaling is essential for normal cognitive processes. To further understand gl
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5

Bales, Thomas B. "PROLIFERATION, MIGRATION, AND SURVIVAL OF CELLS IN THE TELENCEPHALON OF THE BALL PYTHON, PYTHON REGIUS." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1271.

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Reptiles exhibit neurogenesis throughout the brain during adulthood. However, very few studies have quantified telencephalon-wide neurogenesis in adulthood, and no studies have performed these investigations in snakes. Quantifying neurogenesis in the adult snake is essential to understanding class-wide adult neurogenesis and providing insight into the evolution of this trait. The thymidine analog 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was used to quantify cell proliferation, migration, and survival in the ball python (Python regius). First, to determine the proper dose of BrdU for injection we subcuta
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6

Mondo, Erica. "Investigating Microglia-Vascular Interactions in the Developing and Adult Central Nervous System." eScholarship@UMMS, 2020. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/1105.

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Microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), are dynamic cells, constantly extending and retracting their processes as they contact and functionally regulate neurons and other glial cells. There is far less known about how microglia interact with the CNS vasculature, particularly under healthy steady-state conditions. Here, I provide the first extensive characterization of juxtavascular microglia in the healthy, postnatal brain and identify a molecular mechanism regulating the timing of these interactions during development. Using the mouse cerebral cortex, I show t
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7

Younkin, Jason W. "Allosteric Effects of G-Protein Coupled Receptor Heteromerization: Relevance to Psychosis." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4457.

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G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) implicated in disease are the predominant pharmaceutical targets. Growing evidence suggests that GPCRs form homo- and heteromeric complexes, resulting in allosteric functional changes. Ligands targeting one receptor can alter the function of the other receptor or receptors. Knowledge of these functional changes will provide unique opportunities to treat diseases. We examined two GPCR heteromers implicated in psychosis: mGlu2R-5HT2AR and D2R-5HT2AR. Using whole-cell patch clamp, we studied HEK-293 cells stably transfected with mGlu2R and 5HT2AR. Maximal heter
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8

Lai, Daniel. "Quantifying Pathophysiology in Visual Snow: A Comparison of the N170 and P300 Components." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1741.

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Visual snow syndrome is a persistent visual disturbance characterized by rapid flickering dots in the entire visual field. Hypothesized to arise from reduced inhibition of sensory cortex, visual snow has recently been linked to potentiation (enhancement) of the P100, an event-related potential (ERP) component associated with early visual processing. Here, we investigate whether this potentiation in visual snow is specific to visual responses, by comparing ERPs linked to early, bottom-up perceptual versus late, top-down cognitive processes. Specifically, we examined two components, the N170 and
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9

Keeney, Jeriel T. "DOXORUBICIN-INDUCED, TNF-α-MEDIATED BRAIN OXIDATIVE STRESS, NEUROCHEMICAL ALTERATIONS, AND COGNITIVE DECLINE: INSIGHTS INTO MECHANISMS OF CHEMOTHERAPY INDUCED COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND ITS PREVENTION". UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/chemistry_etds/27.

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The works presented in this dissertation provide insights into the mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI or “ChemoBrain”) and take steps toward outlining a preventive strategy. CICI is now widely recognized as a complication of cancer chemotherapy experienced by a large percentage of cancer survivors. Approximately fifty percent of existing FDA-approved anti-cancer drugs generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Doxorubicin (Dox), a prototypical ROS-generating chemotherapeutic agent, produces the reactive superoxide radical anion (O2-•) in vivo. Dox treatment results in o
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10

Moxley-Paquette, Elizabeth Ann. "Testing a Structural Equation Model of Language-based Cognitive Fitness." ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1545.

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The normative development of language is often taken for granted, yet problems with language development can result in stress for the individual and family. A challenge with these language development problems lies within the contemporary education system, which assumes that children have appropriate skills when they begin school. The purpose of the study was to test a theoretical model of language readiness known as language-based cognitive fitness, which includes measures associated with structural concepts of language involving receptive language, expressive language, spontaneous narrative
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11

Wyatt, Laura, and Ephron Rosenzweig. "Possible T Cell Immune Response to AAV Treatment in non-Human Primates with Spinal Cord Injury." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/163.

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Neurons in the spinal cord do not spontaneously regenerate, which often leads to debilitating injuries. One method proposed to promote axonal regeneration is the injection of viruses carrying genes for growth factors into the injured spinal cord. One such virus, the adeno-associated virus (AAV), has shown promise in gene therapy medical research. However, injecting AAV into rhesus macaques with C7 spinal cord hemisection lesions actually leads to motor neuron loss in the gray matter of the spinal cord, rather than contributing to the preservation or regeneration of axons. This unexpected resul
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12

Armstrong, Michael G. "Effect of zymosan-induced peritonitis on the expression of substance P in primary sensory neurons and spinal nerve processes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/328.

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Macrophages and other cells of the innate immune system recognize foreign particles that could be potentially dangerous and respond by initiating an inflammatory response. The biologically active chemical mediators of this response called pro-inflammatory cytokines are produced in various myeloid derived immune cells and can affect other cells of the body. Interleukin-1β, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, has been shown to have direct effects on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cell bodies including the upregulation and direct release of a nociceptive neurotransmitter called substance P (SP). Using a zym
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13

Showemimo, Opeyemi F. "Vitamin B12 Deficiency Does Not Stimulate Amyloid-beta Toxicity in a Ceanorhabditis elegans Model of Alzheimer’s Disease." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3869.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is symptomized by amyloid-beta plaques in the brain and accounts for more than 65 percent of dementia cases. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency can result in similar cognitive impairment and roughly 15% of the elderly are vitamin B12 deficient. Vitamin B12 deficiency results in the accumulation of toxic methylmalonic acid and homocysteine. Hyperhomocysteinemia is a strong risk factor for AD. To test if vitamin B12 deficiency stimulates amyloid-beta toxicity, Caenorhabditis elegans expressing amyloid-beta in muscle were fed either vitamin B12-deficient OP50-1 or vitamin
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14

Majeed, Zana R. "MODULATORY ACTIONS OF SEROTONERGIC SYSTEM IN CARDIAC FUNCTION, BEHAVIOR, AND SENSORIMOTOR CIRCUIT ACTIVITY IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/biology_etds/32.

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In this dissertation, I have focused on the role of serotonin (5-HT) as a modulator in heart rate, feeding and locomotion behaviors as well as sensorimotor circuit activity in Drosophila melanogaster. A general overview in the actions of the serotonergic (5-HTergic) system on the larval heart and nervous system in larvae and adults is reviewed in Chapter One. I sought to further study the actions of serotonergic system to provide additional insights into cellular and molecular underpinnings in the actions of 5-HT.In Chapter two, I present studies on mechanisms of action by 5-HT in larvae cardi
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15

Ivy, Devon. "DEFINING THE RADIORESPONSE OF MOSSY CELLS." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/633.

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Clinical radiotherapy is used to treat a variety of brain tumors within the central nervous system. While effective, it can result in progressive and debilitating cognitive impairment that can diminish quality of life. These impairments have been linked to hippocampal dysfunction and corresponding deficits in spatial learning and memory. Mossy cells are a major population of excitatory neurons located within the dentate hilus and highly involved in hippocampal circuitry. They play critical roles in spatial navigation, neurogenesis, memory, and are particularly vulnerable to a variety of neurot
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16

Gaetano, Thomas M. "Ontogenetic and Adult Shape Variation in the Endocast of Tapirus: Implications for T. polkensis from the Gray Fossil Site." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3765.

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Endocranial morphology provides evidence of sensory ecology and sociality of extinct vertebrates. The Earliest Pliocene Gray Fossil Site (GFS) of NE Tennessee features a conspicuous dominance of skeletal elements belonging to the dwarf tapir, Tapirus polkensis. Numerous individuals in one fossil locality often suggests gregarious behavior, but sociality in T. polkensis contradicts behavior documented for extant Tapirus species. I test T. polkensis for variation in sensory and social ecology using computed tomography and 3D digital endocasts from an ontogenetic sequence. I compare the T. polken
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17

Baer, Matthew L. "Elucidating the Role of Endogenous Electric Fields in Regulating the Astrocytic Response to Injury in the Mammalian Central Nervous System." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4007.

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Endogenous bioelectric fields guide morphogenesis during embryonic development and regeneration by directly regulating the cellular functions responsible for these phenomena. Although this role has been extensively explored in many peripheral tissues, the ability of electric fields to regulate wound repair and stimulate regeneration in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) has not been convincingly established. This dissertation explores the role of electric fields in regulating the injury response and controlling the regenerative potential of the mammalian CNS. We place particular emphas
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18

Rahrig, Hadley. "The Role of Mindfulness in Self-view Investment: Neural and Subjective Indicators." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5944.

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Self-concept is strongly influenced by beliefs about one’s personal psychological attributes, and these beliefs are held with varying degrees of confidence and consequence. Hence, it is investment in self-views of those attributes that helps to regulate and maintain stable self-concept. Self-view investment is relevant to numerous self-related functions, but high self-view investment can also contribute to maladaptive self-views. Theory suggests that mindfulness cultivates a less personal, more objective perception of one’s thoughts, emotions and behaviors, and training in mindfulness has been
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19

Avery, Michelle A. "Axon Death Prevented: Wlds and Other Neuroprotective Molecules: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2010. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/520.

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A common feature of many neuropathies is axon degeneration. While the reasons for degeneration differ greatly, the process of degeneration itself is similar in most cases. Axon degeneration after axotomy is termed ‘Wallerian degeneration,’ whereby injured axons rapidly fragment and disappear after a short period of latency (Waller, 1850). Wallerian degeneration was thought to be a passive process until the discovery of the Wallerian degeneration slow (Wlds) mouse mutant. In these mice, axons survive and function for weeks after nerve transection. Furthermore, when the full-length protein is in
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20

Narayanaswami, Vidya. "DIET-INDUCED OBESITY: DOPAMINERGIC AND BEHAVIORAL MECHANISMS AS OUTCOMES AND PREDICTORS." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/pharmacy_etds/12.

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Obesity and drug abuse share common neural circuitries including the mesocoticolimbic and striatal dopamine reward system. In the current study, a rat model of diet-induced obesity (DIO) was used to determine striatal dopamine function, impulsivity and motivation as neurobehavioral outcomes and predictors of obesity. For the outcome study, rats were randomly assigned a high-fat (HF) or a low-fat (LF) diet for 8 wk. Following the 8-wk HF-diet exposure, rats were segregated into obesity-prone and obesity-resistant groups based on maximum and minimum body weight gain, respectively, and neurobehav
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21

Alterman, Julia F. "A CNS-Active siRNA Chemical Scaffold for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases." eScholarship@UMMS, 2019. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/1027.

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Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are a promising class of drugs for treating genetically-defined diseases. Therapeutic siRNAs enable specific modulation of gene expression, but require chemical architecture that facilitates efficient in vivodelivery. siRNAs are informational drugs, therefore specificity for a target gene is defined by nucleotide sequence. Thus, developing a chemical scaffold that efficiently delivers siRNA to a particular tissue provides an opportunity to target any disease-associated gene in that tissue. The goal of this project was to develop a chemical scaffold that supports
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22

Chilufya, Jedaidah Y. "Anandamide-Mediated Growth Changes in Physcomitrella patens." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3162.

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Anandamide (NAE 20:4) or arachidonlyethanolamine (AEA) is the most widely studied N-acylethanolamine (NAE) because it mediates several physiological functions in mammals. In vascular plants, 12-18C NAEs inhibit growth in an abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent and -independent manner. Anandamide, which is unique to bryophyte Physcomitrella patens, inhibited gametophyte growth and reduced chlorophyll content when applied exogenously. It is hypothesized that anandamide mediates its responses through morphological and cellular changes. Following growth inhibition by short-term anandamide-treatment, micr
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23

Vedala, Krishnatej. "A Novel Signal Processing Method for Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring in Spinal Surgeries." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1038.

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Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring is an integral part of spinal surgeries and involves the recording of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP). However, clinical application of IONM still requires anywhere between 200 to 2000 trials to obtain an SSEP signal, which is excessive and introduces a significant delay during surgery to detect a possible neurological damage. The aim of this study is to develop a means to obtain the SSEP using a much less, twelve number of recordings. The preliminary step involved was to distinguish the SSEP with the ongoing brain activity. We first establish
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24

Zajac, Richard. "From Rainman to Rainmaker: A Presentation of Jim’s Journey and Rapidly Advancing Technologies: Integrating Proven Behavioral Therapies with Emergent Measurement and Testing Advances Will Result in Transformational Progress in Autistic Individuals." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1344.

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The autism treatment status quo was reviewed and accompanied by a narrative contextualizing past and present progress with my younger brother Jim’s journey with the condition, sharing proposed next steps for bettering the current state of affairs in the space. The impetus for this piece was to share in the lessons of Jim’s life thus far and the revelations of those who have supported him, as well as to determine ways to create more impactful, lasting change in the limited window of early intervention therapy whilst empowering individuals on the spectrum to optimize for their skills and talents
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Vallaster, Markus Parzival. "Intergenerational Effects of Nicotine in an Animal Model of Paternal Nicotine Exposure." eScholarship@UMMS, 2008. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/913.

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Environmental conditions imposed onto organisms during certain phases of their life cycles such as embryogenesis or puberty can not only impact the organisms’ own health, but also affect subsequent generations. The underlying mechanisms causing intergenerational phenotypes are not encoded in the genome, but the result of reversible epigenetic modifications. This work investigates in a mouse model the impact of paternal nicotine exposure on the next generation regarding addictive behavior modulation, metabolic changes, and molecular mechanisms. It provides evidence that male offspring from nico
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Vallaster, Markus Parzival. "Intergenerational Effects of Nicotine in an Animal Model of Paternal Nicotine Exposure." eScholarship@UMMS, 2017. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/913.

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Environmental conditions imposed onto organisms during certain phases of their life cycles such as embryogenesis or puberty can not only impact the organisms’ own health, but also affect subsequent generations. The underlying mechanisms causing intergenerational phenotypes are not encoded in the genome, but the result of reversible epigenetic modifications. This work investigates in a mouse model the impact of paternal nicotine exposure on the next generation regarding addictive behavior modulation, metabolic changes, and molecular mechanisms. It provides evidence that male offspring from nico
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27

Laws, Brent C. "The Phenomenon of Abstract Cognition Among Scholastic Chess Participants: A Case Study." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2458.

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A qualitative investigation was conducted to explore the phenomenon of abstract cognition among a purposive sample of 5 secondary scholastic chess club participants. The case study enabled the researcher to explore the faculties of abstract cognition among students of contrasting skills and abilities in playing chess. The study also allowed for the consideration of potential visual-spatial, logical, academic, social competency and life benefits of chess play. Through analysis of interviews, chess simulations, blindfold chess play, and narration of chess lines and sequences, the investigator wa
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28

Golebiowski, Diane L. "Overcoming Toxicity from Transgene Overexpression Through Vector Design in AAV Gene Therapy for GM2 Gangliosidoses." eScholarship@UMMS, 2009. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/895.

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GM2 gangliosidoses are a family of lysosomal storage disorders that include both Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff diseases. These disorders result from deficiencies in the lysosomal enzyme β-N-acetylhexosaminidase (HexA). Impairment of HexA leads to accumulation of its substrate, GM2 ganglioside, in cells resulting in cellular dysfunction and death. There is currently no treatment for GM2 gangliosidoses. Patients primarily present with neurological dysfunction and degeneration. Here we developed a central nervous system gene therapy through direct injection that leads to long-term survival in the Sandho
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Golebiowski, Diane L. "Overcoming Toxicity from Transgene Overexpression Through Vector Design in AAV Gene Therapy for GM2 Gangliosidoses." eScholarship@UMMS, 2016. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/895.

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GM2 gangliosidoses are a family of lysosomal storage disorders that include both Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff diseases. These disorders result from deficiencies in the lysosomal enzyme β-N-acetylhexosaminidase (HexA). Impairment of HexA leads to accumulation of its substrate, GM2 ganglioside, in cells resulting in cellular dysfunction and death. There is currently no treatment for GM2 gangliosidoses. Patients primarily present with neurological dysfunction and degeneration. Here we developed a central nervous system gene therapy through direct injection that leads to long-term survival in the Sandho
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30

Poe, Tyler M., and Francine Marciano-Cabral. "Illumination of the Golgi apparatus of Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Naegleria species." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/6002.

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In this study, Naegleria fowleri, a pathogenic amoeba and the causative agent of Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM), was utilized to determine the presence or absence of classically conserved Golgi molecules featured in the expression of a Golgi apparatus. Previous studies concluded no Golgi expression via light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, but a recent report on Naegleria gruberi indicated the presence of dispersed Golgi tubules. Non-pathogenic species of the Naegleria genus such as Naegleria gruberi 30540 and Naegleria lovaniensis 30569 were utilized in Western immu
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Ehnert, Samantha L. "Mercury Accumulation and Effects in the Brain of Atlantic Sharpnose Sharks (Rhiszoprionodon Terranovae)." UNF Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/736.

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Sharks often bioaccumulate mercury (Hg) concentrations in their muscle to levels that threaten the health of human consumers. However, few published studies have examined if the high Hg levels seen in shark muscle also occur in the shark brain, or if Hg accumulation affects shark neurophysiology. Therefore, this study examined if shark brains accumulate significant levels of Hg, if Hg accumulation occurs in certain subcomponents of the brain, and if Hg accumulation is associated with oxidative stress effects on the shark central nervous system, with special focus on the Atlantic sharpnose shar
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32

Kennedy, Zachary C. "Optimizing CRISPR/Cas9 for Gene Silencing of SOD1 in Mouse Models of ALS." eScholarship@UMMS, 2019. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/1047.

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Mutations in the SOD1 gene are the best characterized genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and account for ~20% of inherited cases and 1-3% of sporadic cases. The gene-editing tool Cas9 can silence mutant genes that cause disease, but effective delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 to the central nervous system (CNS) remains challenging. Here, I developed strategies using canonical Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 to silence SOD1. In the first strategy, I demonstrate effectiveness of systemic delivery of guide RNA targeting SOD1 to the CNS in a transgenic mouse model expressing human mutant SOD1
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Lucido, Michael J. "Effects of Neurofeedback on Neuropsychological Functioning in an Adult with Autism." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/989.

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Autism spectrum condition (ASC) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that impacts physiological processes, cognition, functional behaviors, social-communication, and often has comorbidities. One approach gaining empirical support for ASC treatment is neurofeedback. Neurofeedback uses operant conditioning to normalize cerebral activity through auditory and visual reinforcement. Live Z-score Training (LZT) has become the latest advancement in neurofeedback. There is no published research to date on LZT neurofeedback in adulthood ASC. The purpose of this study was to evaluate LZT's impact on
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34

Hattingh, Coenraad Jacobus. "The structural neurobiology of social anxiety disorder : a clinical neuroimaging study." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15544.

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Includes bibliographical references<br>While a number of studies have explored the functional neuroanatomy of social anxiety disorder (SAD), comparatively few studies have investigated the structural underpinnings in SAD. 18 psychopharmacologically and psychotherapeutically naïve adult patients with a primary Axis I diagnosis of generalized social anxiety disorder and 18 demographically (age, gender and education) matched healthy controls underwent 3T structural magnetic resonance imaging. A manual tracing protocol was specifically developed to compute the volume of the most prominent subco
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35

Nyqvist, Ghashghaian Simon. "The Neurobiology of Ketamine and Addiction." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-15610.

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Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic prescription drug and has been used for general anesthesia. The research surrounding this chemical compound has revealed conflicting evidence of its potential use in health care and addiction treatment. On one side, ketamine is a widespread drug of abuse associated with neurocognitive deficits and neurotoxicity, on the other side ketamine has recently been found to have a variety of potential uses, including but not limited to; antidepressant effects, reconsolidation of drug-related memories and disrupting maladaptive rumination. Ketamine’s ability to indu
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Petit-Turcotte, Caroline. "The neurobiology of apolipoprotein E : protein interactions in Alzheimer's disease." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84310.

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The epsilon4 allele of apolipoprotein E is now a well-known risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, however there is still much to be learned of the physiology of apoE in the brain, throughout normal aging and AD. To better understand the neurobiology of apoE, the work included in this thesis has focused on some of the key relationships apoE holds with some proteins known or suggested to have a role in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease. The H2 allele of apolipoprotein C-I is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). To examine the possibility of a direct role for apoC-I in AD, we compare
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Setiawan, Elaine. "Individual differences in the neurobiology of responses to alcohol in humans." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107730.

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Introduction: Alcohol abuse and dependence represent one of the most substantial burdens worldwide having severe medical, occupational and personal consequences. Animal models have implicated the mesolimbic dopamine and endogenous opioid systems but studies in humans have been less clear, in each case raising the possibility of marked individual differences. To investigate this hypothesis, two studies were conducted. In Study 1, we measured striatal dopamine responses to oral alcohol ingestion in subjects at varying risk for alcohol dependence. In Study 2, we measured individual differences in
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Todi, Sokol. "Investigating auditory transduction functions of myosin VII in Drosophila melanogaster." Diss., University of Iowa, 2005. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/92.

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Wen, Jing. "Experience-dependent plasticity of layer 2/3 circuits in developing somatosensory neocortex." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2012. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/121.

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Experience-dependent plasticity is the adaptability of brain circuits as a result of changes in neural activity, a phenomenon that has been proposed as the neural basis for important brain function in health and disease. The underlying mechanisms of experience-dependent plasticity can take different forms, depending on the organisms and brain areas under investigation. A better understanding of these mechanisms will help to interpret normal brain function as well as to guide therapies for neurological diseases. Mouse vibrissa system offers great experimental advantages to studying experience-d
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Stump, Madeliene. "The role of brain PPAR[gamma] in regulation of energy balance and glucose homeostasis." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6000.

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The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma (PPARγ), a master regulator of adipogenesis, has been shown to influence energy balance through its actions in the brain rather than in the adipose tissue alone. Deletion of PPARγ in mouse brain results in resistance to weight gain in response to high fat diet. Activation of PPARγ leads to change in the firing pattern of melanocortin system neurons (POMC and AgRP), which are critical for energy homeostasis. To determine the effects of modulation of brain PPARγ on food intake and energy expenditure we generated a novel transgenic mouse model
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Wernett, Pamela Joy. "The effects of Med12 variation upon cell cycle progression and differential gene expression." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2787.

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MED12 is an X– chromosome member of the Mediator complex that is a key regulator of tissue specific gene expression and moderates intracellular signaling via multiple developmental pathways. Sequence variation in the carboxy– terminus of MED12, which contains a PQL and Opa domain, is associated with X– linked mental retardation behavioral syndromes and schizophrenia. Unfortunately, the mechanism(s) through which sequence variation in the carboxy– terminus could alter vulnerability to neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric illnesses is yet unclear. In order to elucidate a better understanding
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Lobas, Mark Albert. "Novel roles for y-Protocadherins in the choroid plexus." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5017.

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Γ-protocadherins (Γ-Pcdhs) are important for neuronal development and regular nervous system patterning. Much of this work is based on the assumption that this family of 22 cadherin-like adhesion molecules acts in the manner of Roger Sperry's hypothesized "molecular code", with homophilic adhesion allowing neurons to find their proper neuronal partners during development. Therefore, most research has focused on the expression and roles of these adhesion molecules in neurons and glia. Although these molecules have been almost exclusively studied in neurons, there is evidence that Γ-Pcdhs are al
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Alberico, Stephanie Lorraine. "Striatal neurons in the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson’s disease." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5903.

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Levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LIDs) are abnormal involuntary movements that limit the effectiveness of treatments for Parkinson’s disease. Although dyskinesias involve the striatum, it is unclear how striatal neurons are involved in dyskinetic movements. Here we record from striatal neurons in mice during levodopa-induced axial dyskinesias. We developed an automated 3-dimensional motion tracking system to capture the development of axial dyskinesias at ~10 ms resolution, and correlated these movements with neuronal activity of striatal medium spiny neurons and fast spiking interneurons. The av
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D'Alberto, Nicholas C. "Examining Inter- And Intra-Individual Differences In The Neurobiological Mechanisms Associated With Inhibitory Control." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2018. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/962.

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Adolescence is an ideal time to measure the development of the neural mechanisms associated with inhibitory control because this age period is marked by impulsive and risk taking behaviors. Maturational brain changes in the prefrontal cortex that are associated with the emergence of inhibitory control are thought to occur during this age. With knowledge of how this system develops, it may be possible to identify the development of disorders that arise from poor inhibitory control such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use. The goal of the current dissertation is
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Williams, Brittany Nicole. "Characterization of the modulatory effects of alternative splicing on Cav1.4 Ca2+ channels." Diss., University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6883.

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In synaptic terminals of retinal photoreceptors, Cav1.4 (L-type) Ca2+ channels mediate Ca2+ influx that promotes neurotransmitter release. Mutations in Cav1.4 are associated with multiple vision disorders including congenital stationary night blindness type 2(CSNB2). Cav1.4 undergoes weak Ca2+-dependent inactivation (CDI) – a negative feedback mechanism seen for other L-type channels (e.g., Cav1.2 and Cav1.3) mediated by calmodulin (CaM) binding to a consensus IQ domain in the proximal C-terminal domain (CT) of the pore-forming a1 subunit. The lack of CDI in Cav1.4 is due to a C-terminal autom
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Keeler, Austin Byler. "Branching out by sticking together: elucidating mechanisms of gamma-protocadherin control of dendrite arborization." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2230.

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Growth of a properly complex dendrite arbor is a vital step in neuronal differentiation and a prerequisite for normal neural circuit formation; likewise, overly dense or sparse dendrite arbors are a key feature of abnormal neural circuit formation and characteristic of many neurodevelopmental disorders. Thus, identifying factors involved in aberrant dendrite complexity and therefore aberrant circuit formation, are necessary to understanding these disorders. In my doctoral work I have elucidated both intracellular and extracellular aspects to the gamma-protocadherins (γ-Pcdhs) that regulate den
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Croft, Katie Elizabeth. "Exploring the role of ventromedial prefrontal cortex in human social learning: a lesion study." Diss., University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/350.

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Converging evidence suggests a critical role for the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in social cognition, but its specific contribution to various aspects of social cognition, including the acquisition and updating of complex social information, is not well understood or documented via a systematic experimental approach. The primary aim of this dissertation is to determine whether the vmPFC is necessary for the integration of complex social information in order to form normal moral and social judgments about people. In the first of two studies presented here, I examined the roles of the
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Thomas, Jessica René. "Elucidating the molecular and biophysical determinants that suppress Ca2+-dependent facilitation of Cav2.2 Ca2+ channels." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6307.

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Cav2.2 channels are presynaptic voltage-gated Ca2+ channels that regulate neurotransmitter release. In addition, they are major therapeutic targets from neuropathic pain, a chronic pain disorder caused by injury to the nerve. Pain-relieving drugs such as opioids and ziconotide block Cav2.2 channels. Unfortunately, these drugs are associated with severe adverse side effects. Therefore, there is a need to understand the factors that regulate Cav2.2 channels to design more effective therapies. My dissertation uses electrophysiological techniques to understand the factors that regulate Cav2.2 chan
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Garrett, Andrew. "Control of synaptogenesis and dendritic arborization by the γ-Protocadherin family of adhesion molecules". Diss., University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/362.

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During development, the mammalian nervous system wires into a precise network of unrivaled complexity. The formation of this network is regulated by an assortment of molecular cues, both secreted molecules and cell-surface proteins. The ã-Protocadherins (ã-Pcdhs) are particularly good candidates for involvement in these processes. This family of adhesion molecules consists of 22 members, each with diverse extracellular adhesive domains and shared cytoplasmic domains. Thus, cellular interactions with varied adhesive partners can trigger common cytoplasmic responses. Here we investigated the fun
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Johnson, Shane Benjamin. "An analysis of prefrontal cortex pathways and their assembly of stress coping responses." Diss., University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6965.

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Stress is characterized by the deployment of response systems to promote adaptation in the face of threats. Among these, the neuroendocrine hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has received considerable attention due to the potent acute and chronic effects of its glucocorticoid end-products, including cortisol in humans and corticosterone (CORT) in rodents. Stress also simultaneously elicits conserved behavioral responses that may be key to understanding how animals and humans cope with ongoing threats. Both neuroendocrine and behavioral responses to psychological stress are thought to or
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