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Journal articles on the topic 'Other Neuroscience and Neurobiology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Hardcastle, Valerie Gray. "The nontrivial doctrine of cognitive neuroscience." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22, no. 5 (1999): 839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x99322196.

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Gold & Stoljar's “trivial” neuron doctrine is neither a truism in cognitive science nor trivial; it has serious consequences for the future direction of the mind/brain sciences. Not everyone would agree that these consequences are desirable. The authors' “radical” doctrine is not so radical; their division between cognitive neuroscience and neurobiology is largely artificial. Indeed, there is no sharp distinction between cognitive neuroscience and other areas of the brain sciences.

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Reese, Benjamin. "Visual Neuroscience is turning twenty." Visual Neuroscience 25, no. 1 (2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523808080127.

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Your journal enters its third decade with the publication of this issue. The first volume, published in 1988, appeared in quarterly issues, but moved to bi-monthly production in 1989, and then monthly release from 1990 through 1992. Two volumes appeared each year during 1989–1992, accounting for the fact that this twenty-first year coincides with volume 25. In 1993, it returned to bi-monthly publication, remaining so for the past 15 years. During this period, other vision-related journals have made their debut, but Visual Neuroscience remains a premier venue for publishing fundamental research

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Shibkova, Dariya Zakharovna, and Pavel Azifovich Baiguzhin. "NEUROSCIENCE: INTERDISCIPLINARY INTEGRATION OR EXPANSION?" Психология. Психофизиология 13, no. 3 (2020): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/jpps200312.

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Aim. The paper aims to study the differentiation and integration of scientific disciplines in the natural sciences and humanities research areas of neuroscience based on a review of Russian scientific works and to propose a structural and functional model of neuroscience as an interdisciplinary system of knowledge about brain features that ensure human activity in various professional spheres. Methods. A theoretical analysis of scientific publications on the topic over the last ten years has been used along with such methods as comparison, generalization, and modelling. Results. The paper pres

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Keverne, Eric B. "GABA-ergic neurons and the neurobiology of schizophrenia and other psychoses." Brain Research Bulletin 48, no. 5 (1999): 467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0361-9230(99)00025-8.

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Huffard, Christine L. "Cephalopod neurobiology: an introduction for biologists working in other model systems." Invertebrate Neuroscience 13, no. 1 (2013): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10158-013-0147-z.

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Nishino, Seiji, and Emmanuel Mignot. "Neurobiology of Narcolepsy." Neuroscientist 4, no. 2 (1998): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107385849800400209.

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Narcolepsy is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and abnormal rapid eye movement sleep. It affects about 0.05% of the Caucasian population. Human narcolepsy involves the interaction of environmental factors with a specific immunogenetic background. It is tightly associated with a major histocompatibility complex allele, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQB1*0602. Genetic factors other than HLA are also involved. In contrast, narcolepsy in Dobermans is transmitted as a single autosomal recessive trait. This canine narcolepsy gene is unlinked to the major histocompatibility complex class

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Schilbach, Leonhard. "Towards a second-person neuropsychiatry." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1686 (2016): 20150081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0081.

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Psychiatric disorders can affect our ability to successfully and enjoyably interact with others. Conversely, having difficulties in social relations is known to increase the risk of developing a psychiatric disorder. In this article, the assumption that psychiatric disorders can be construed as disorders of social interaction is reviewed from a clinical point of view. Furthermore, it is argued that a psychiatrically motivated focus on the dynamics of social interaction may help to provide new perspectives for the field of social neuroscience. Such progress may be crucial to realize social neur

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Miller, Raissa M., and Casey A. Barrio Minton. "Experiences Learning Interpersonal Neurobiology: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis." Journal of Mental Health Counseling 38, no. 1 (2016): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.38.1.04.

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Neuroscience is increasingly part of the national dialogue regarding mental health and yet little is known about the experiences of mental health professionals learning and integrating neuroscience into their work. In this study, the authors explored mental health professionals' experiences learning Interpersonal Neurobiology (IPNB). Four super-ordinate themes emerged from an interpretative phenomenological analysis: (1) learning process as dynamic and engaging, (2) deepening knowledge and understanding of self and others, (3) personal and professional growth, and (4) impact on therapeutic pra

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Weissensteiner, Elisabeth, and Dorothea Brückner. "Mirror Brain: Picture and Experience." Leonardo 47, no. 3 (2014): 216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_00678.

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The installation Mirror Brain was developed by artist Elisabeth Weissensteiner and neurobiologist Dorothea Brückner at the University of Bremen, Germany, where it was launched. The installation, a contemporary work of hybrid art, establishes a philosophical play with viewers-turned-actors rather than an interpretation of neuroscience. Thus it provides a metaphor—a mirro—for the role of neurobiology in science and in art. Based on the project, this paper elaborates on how artistic and scientific depiction differ from each other.

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Kanske, Philipp, and Ryan J. Murray. "Understanding others: The neurobiology of social cognition." Cortex 121 (December 2019): A1—A2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2019.11.003.

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Bula, German. "Passions, consciousness, and the Rosetta Stone: Spinoza and embodied, extended, and affective cognition." Adaptive Behavior 27, no. 1 (2018): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059712318790739.

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Baruch Spinoza is often cited as a forerunner of current ideas in neuroscience and neurobiology and is seen as an early champion of embodied cognition. This article aims to specify in what way Spinoza’s ideas are useful to current research on the mind-body problem. Rather than seeking coincidences here and there between Spinoza’s positions and current findings, the article proposes that Spinoza provides a broad ontological framework that can guide research. This idea is fleshed out by contrasting Spinoza’s ideas on emotions, the treatment of harmful passions, and the mind-body relationship wit

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Music, Graham. "Babies and bathwaters: attachment, neuroscience, evolution and the left." Soundings 73, no. 73 (2019): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/soun.73.09.2019.

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This article challenges thinkers and activists on the left who are over-suspicious of ideas heralding from disciplines such as interpersonal neurobiology, attachment theory, developmental psychology, and perhaps especially, evolutionary theory. Although scepticism is frequently warranted, especially as such discourses are often co-opted for neoliberal or far right ends, there is much in all of them that melds well with critiques of hegemonic social orders, providing potential fuel for those working for social change. Much work, for example that of Amy Cuddy, can be interpreted both conservativ

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Lu, Kai, and David S. Vicario. "Toward a neurobiology of auditory object perception: What can we learn from the songbird forebrain?" Current Zoology 57, no. 6 (2011): 671–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/57.6.671.

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Abstract In the acoustic world, no sounds occur entirely in isolation; they always reach the ears in combination with other sounds. How any given sound is discriminated and perceived as an independent auditory object is a challenging question in neuroscience. Although our knowledge of neural processing in the auditory pathway has expanded over the years, no good theory exists to explain how perception of auditory objects is achieved. A growing body of evidence suggests that the selectivity of neurons in the auditory forebrain is under dynamic modulation, and this plasticity may contribute to a

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Albert, Paul R., Chawki Benkelfat, and Laurent Descarries. "The neurobiology of depression—revisiting the serotonin hypothesis. I. Cellular and molecular mechanisms." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1601 (2012): 2378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0190.

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The serotonin (5-HT) hypothesis of depression dates from the 1960s. It originally postulated that a deficit in brain serotonin, corrected by antidepressant drugs, was the origin of the illness. Nowadays, it is generally accepted that recurring mood disorders are brain diseases resulting from the combination, to various degrees, of genetic and other biological as well as environmental factors, evolving through the lifespan. All areas of neuroscience, from genes to behaviour, molecules to mind, and experimental to clinical, are actively engaged in attempts at elucidating the pathophysiology of d

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Dolmetsch, Ricardo. "Using iPS cells to study the underlying neurobiology of autism spectrum disorders and other neuro-developmental diseases." Neuroscience Research 71 (September 2011): e37-e38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.165.

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Jeromin, Andreas, Li-Lian Yuan, Andreas Frick, Paul Pfaffinger, and Daniel Johnston. "A Modified Sindbis Vector for Prolonged Gene Expression in Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 90, no. 4 (2003): 2741–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00464.2003.

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Sindbis viruses have been widely used in neurobiology to express a variety of genes in cultured neurons, in cultured slices, and in vivo. They provide fast onset and high levels of expression of foreign genes, but the expression is limited to a short time window due to a shut-off of host protein synthesis. We have used a mutation in an essential gene (nsP2) of the life cycle of Sindbis, which allows the functional analysis of changes in protein expression for ≥6 days after infection. This Sindbis mutant (nsP2) was used to express enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in hippocampal neurons

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Panksepp, Jaak. "Emotional feelings originate below the neocortex: Toward a neurobiology of the soul." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, no. 1 (2007): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07001094.

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Disregard of primary-process consciousness is endemic in mind science. Most neuroscientists subscribe to ruthless reductionism whereby mental qualities are discarded in preference for neuronal functions. Such ideas often lead to envisioning other animals, and all too often other humans, as unfeeling zombies. Merker correctly highlights how the roots of consciousness exist in ancient neural territories we share, remarkably homologously, with all the other vertebrates.

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Husemann, Jens, John D. Loike, Roman Anankov, Maria Febbraio, and Samuel C. Silverstein. "Scavenger receptors in neurobiology and neuropathology: Their role on microglia and other cells of the nervous system." Glia 40, no. 2 (2002): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/glia.10148.

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Faraone, Stephen V. "The pharmacology of amphetamine and methylphenidate: Relevance to the neurobiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and other psychiatric comorbidities." Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 87 (April 2018): 255–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.02.001.

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Varley, Rosemary, and Michael Siegal. "Language, cognition, and the nature of modularity: Evidence from aphasia." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25, no. 6 (2002): 702–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x02520124.

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We examine Carruthers’ proposal that sentences in logical form serve to create flexibility within central system modularity, enabling the combination of information from different modalities. We discuss evidence from aphasia and the neurobiology of input-output systems. This work suggests that there exists considerable capacity for interdomain cognitive processing without language mediation. Other challenges for a logical form account are noted.

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Adolphs, Ralph, and Daniel Andler. "Investigating Emotions as Functional States Distinct From Feelings." Emotion Review 10, no. 3 (2018): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073918765662.

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We defend a functionalist approach to emotion that begins by focusing on emotions as central states with causal connections to behavior and to other cognitive states. The approach brackets the conscious experience of emotion, lists plausible features that emotions exhibit, and argues that alternative schemes (e.g., focusing on feelings or on neurobiology as the starting point) are unpromising candidates. We conclude with the benefits of our approach: one can study emotions in animals; one can look in the brain for the implementation of specific features; and one ends up with an architecture of

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Okuda, Jiro. "Prospection or projection: Neurobiological basis of stimulus-independent mental traveling." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, no. 3 (2007): 328–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07002142.

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AbstractThe number of studies concerning the neurobiology of human prospection is now rapidly exploding. Recent works suggest that prospection can be better understood in a broader context of self-projection into other times, places, or agents that can share the same cerebral basis involving medial aspects of prefrontal, parietal, and temporal cortices. Mental time travel may be extended more generally to “mental traveling,” accomplished by stimulus-independent mental processes typical of human thought.

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Pagel, Jim F. "Drug induced alterations in dreaming: An exploration of the dream data terrain outside activation-synthesis." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27, no. 5 (2004): 702–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x04280165.

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Two meta-analyses of pharmacological research are presented, demonstrating that psychoactive drugs have consistent effects on EEG and sleep outside of their effects on REM sleep, and demonstrating that drugs other than those affecting sleep neurotransmitter systems and REM sleep can also alter reported nightmare occurrence. These data suggest that the neurobiology data terrain outside activation-synthesis may include sleep and dream electrophysiology, cognitive reports of dreaming, effects of alterations in consciousness on dreaming, immunology and host defense, and clinical therapies for slee

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Bolker, Jessica A. "Selection of Models: Evolution and the Choice of Species for Translational Research." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 93, no. 2-3 (2019): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000500317.

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Evolutionary thinking can inform the choice and assessment of model species in neuroscience, particularly when such models are intended to generate knowledge that will translate to humans. Avoiding errors that arise from oversimplified notions of phylogeny or genotype-phenotype mapping is one contribution; evolutionary biology also offers positive guidance. The challenge of finding adequate non-human models for translational research is particularly acute in neuroscience: neurobiological and behavioral phenotypes are complex and plastic, and many traits important in humans are absent, radicall

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Ijspeert, Auke J. "Amphibious and Sprawling Locomotion: From Biology to Robotics and Back." Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems 3, no. 1 (2020): 173–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-control-091919-095731.

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A milestone in vertebrate evolution, the transition from water to land, owes its success to the development of a sprawling body plan that enabled an amphibious lifestyle. The body, originally adapted for swimming, evolved to benefit from limbs that enhanced its locomotion capabilities on submerged and dry ground. The first terrestrial animals used sprawling locomotion, a type of legged locomotion in which limbs extend laterally from the body (as opposed to erect locomotion, in which limbs extend vertically below the body). This type of locomotion—exhibited, for instance, by salamanders, lizard

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Patel, Y., J. Shin, P. A. Gowland, Z. Pausova, and T. Paus. "Maturation of the Human Cerebral Cortex During Adolescence: Myelin or Dendritic Arbor?" Cerebral Cortex 29, no. 8 (2018): 3351–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhy204.

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Abstract Previous in vivo studies revealed robust age-related variations in structural properties of the human cerebral cortex during adolescence. Neurobiology underlying these maturational phenomena is largely unknown. Here we employ a virtual-histology approach to gain insights into processes associated with inter-regional variations in cortical microstructure and its maturation, as indexed by magnetization transfer ratio (MTR). Inter-regional variations in MTR correlate with inter-regional variations in expression of genes specific to pyramidal cells (CA1) and ependymal cells; enrichment an

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Alexander, L., and N. Farrelly. "Attending to adult ADHD: a review of the neurobiology behind adult ADHD." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 35, no. 3 (2017): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2017.78.

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BackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder in childhood, which progresses to adulthood in about a fifth of cases. For various reasons, adult ADHD is a disorder not comprehensively assessed by psychiatrists, not least because the biological underpinnings are only recently being unmasked.AimsThis selective review targets psychiatrists without a background in neuroscience and aims to describe the neurobiological basis of ADHD.MethodsIn total, 40 articles from a PubMed search were selected for inclusion based on sample population and methodology (neuroimaging st

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Ferrari, Pier F. "The neuroscience of social relations. A comparative-based approach to empathy and to the capacity of evaluating others’ action value." Behaviour 151, no. 2-3 (2014): 297–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003152.

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One of the key questions in understanding human morality is how central are emotions in influencing our decisions and in our moral judgments. Theoretical work has proposed that empathy could play an important role in guiding our tendencies to behave altruistically or selfishly. Neurosciences suggest that one of the core elements of empathic behaviour in human and nonhuman primates is the capacity to internally mimic the behaviour of others, through the activation of shared motor representations. Part of the neural circuits involves parietal and premotor cortical regions (mirror system), in con

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Jones, Wendy, Ursula Bellugi, Zona Lai, et al. "II. Hypersociability in Williams Syndrome." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 12, supplement 1 (2000): 30–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892900561968.

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Studies of abnormal populations provide a rare opportunity for examining relationships between cognition, genotype and brain neurobiology, permitting comparisons across these different levels of analysis. In our studies, we investigate individuals with a rare, genetically based disorder called Williams syndrome (WMS) to draw links among these levels. A critical component of such a cross-domain undertaking is the clear delineation of the phenotype of the disorder in question. Of special interest in this paper is a relatively unexplored unusual social phenotype in WMS that includes an overfriend

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Herculano-Houzel, Suzana, Kenneth Catania, Paul R. Manger, and Jon H. Kaas. "Mammalian Brains Are Made of These: A Dataset of the Numbers and Densities of Neuronal and Nonneuronal Cells in the Brain of Glires, Primates, Scandentia, Eulipotyphlans, Afrotherians and Artiodactyls, and Their Relationship with Body Mass." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 86, no. 3-4 (2015): 145–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000437413.

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Comparative studies amongst extant species are one of the pillars of evolutionary neurobiology. In the 20th century, most comparative studies remained restricted to analyses of brain structure volume and surface areas, besides estimates of neuronal density largely limited to the cerebral cortex. Over the last 10 years, we have amassed data on the numbers of neurons and other cells that compose the entirety of the brain (subdivided into cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and rest of brain) of 39 mammalian species spread over 6 clades, as well as their densities. Here we provide that entire dataset in

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Masters, Roger D., and Myron J. Coplan. "A dynamic, multifactorial model of alcohol, drug abuse, and crime: linking neuroscience and behavior to toxicology." Social Science Information 38, no. 4 (1999): 591–624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/053901899038004005.

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Although there is increasing recognition that many dysfunctional behaviors and diseases require multifactorial explanations that integrate biological and socio-cultural variables, such an approach requires fundamental conceptual changes. To explain geographical and temporal variations in alcohol and drug abuse and in criminal behavior, we propose a dynamic, multifactorial model that integrates findings in neurobiology and social science with toxicology. This model is based on a sequence of probabilistic relationships. (1) Some individuals are potential alcoholics or drug addicts for genetic or

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Takahashi, Hidehiko, Makiko Yamada, and Tetsuya Suhara. "Functional Significance of Central D1 Receptors in Cognition: Beyond Working Memory." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 32, no. 7 (2012): 1248–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2011.194.

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The role of dopamine D1 receptors in prefrontal cortex function, including working memory, is well acknowledged. However, relatively little is known about their role in other cognitive or emotional functions. We measured both D1 and D2 receptors in the brain using positron emission tomography in healthy subjects, with the aim of elucidating how regional D1 and D2 receptors are differentially involved in cognitive and emotional functions beyond working memory. We found an inverted U-shaped relation between prefrontal D1 receptor availability and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance, indicati

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Killackey, Herbert P. "Neocortical Expansion: An Attempt toward Relating Phylogeny and Ontogeny." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2, no. 1 (1990): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1990.2.1.1.

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The neocortex is the most characteristic feature of the human brain. On gross inspection, its convoluted surfaces can be seen to have overgrown and covered most other brain structures. In the functional sphere, it is to the neocortex that we attribute those behaviors assumed to be most uniquely human such as cognition and linguistic behavior. This essay is an attempt to understand how this structure expanded during the course of mammalian evolution. At present, any attempt must be more speculative than definitive, but it is offered in the hope that it will generate more discussion on a topic t

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Healy-Stoffel, Michelle, and Beth Levant. "N-3 (Omega-3) Fatty Acids: Effects on Brain Dopamine Systems and Potential Role in the Etiology and Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders." CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 17, no. 3 (2018): 216–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527317666180412153612.

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Background & Objective: A number of neuropsychiatric disorders, including Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and, to some extent, depression, involve dysregulation of the brain dopamine systems. The etiology of these diseases is multifactorial, involving genetic and environmental factors. Evidence suggests that inadequate levels of n-3 (omega- 3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the brain may represent a risk factor for these disorders. These fatty acids, which are derived from the diet, are a major component of neuronal membranes and are of

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Mathias, Samuel R., Emma E. M. Knowles, Josephine Mollon, et al. "Minimal Relationship between Local Gyrification and General Cognitive Ability in Humans." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 6 (2020): 3439–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz319.

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Abstract Previous studies suggest that gyrification is associated with superior cognitive abilities in humans, but the strength of this relationship remains unclear. Here, in two samples of related individuals (total N = 2882), we calculated an index of local gyrification (LGI) at thousands of cortical surface points using structural brain images and an index of general cognitive ability (g) using performance on cognitive tests. Replicating previous studies, we found that phenotypic and genetic LGI–g correlations were positive and statistically significant in many cortical regions. However, al

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Derazshamshir, Ali, Süleyman Aşır, Ilgım Göktürk, Sisem Ektirici, Fatma Yılmaz, and Adil Denizli. "Polymethacryloyl-L-Phenylalanine [PMAPA]-Based Monolithic Column for Capillary Electrochromatography." Journal of Chromatographic Science 57, no. 8 (2019): 758–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/bmz047.

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Abstract The ability to detect catecholamines (CAs) and their metabolites is vital to understand the mechanism behind the neuronal diseases. Neurochemistry aims to provide an improved pharmacological, molecular and physiological understanding of complex brain chemistries by analytical techniques. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is one such analytical technique that enables the study of various chemical species ranging from amino acids and peptides to natural products and drugs. CE can easily adapt the changes in research focus and in recent years remains an applicable technique for investigatin

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Tay, Jonathan, Robin G. Morris, and Hugh S. Markus. "Apathy after stroke: Diagnosis, mechanisms, consequences, and treatment." International Journal of Stroke 16, no. 5 (2021): 510–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747493021990906.

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Apathy is a reduction in goal-directed activity in the cognitive, behavioral, emotional, or social domains of a patient’s life and occurs in one out of three patients after stroke. Despite this, apathy is clinically under-recognized and poorly understood. This overview provides a contemporary introduction to apathy in stroke for researchers and practitioners, covering topics including diagnosis, neurobiological mechanisms, associated consequences, and potential treatments for apathy. Apathy is often misdiagnosed as other post-stroke conditions such as depression. Accurate differential diagnosi

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Machin, A. J., and R. I. M. Dunbar. "The brain opioid theory of social attachment: a review of the evidence." Behaviour 148, no. 9-10 (2011): 985–1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000579511x596624.

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AbstractThe psychology of close human relationships is increasingly well understood and our understanding of the neurobiology of the onset of pairbonding behaviour in a range of species has benefited from the use of rodent-based models. However, the human literature has suffered from a lack of focus upon the unique nature of primate social bonds and has so far failed to adequately identify the neurobiological and behavioural mechanisms which maintain these complex, diverse and enduring social networks. One neurobiological mechanism that has been overlooked is the endogenous opioid system. Thou

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Costanza, Alessandra, Andrea Amerio, Andrea Aguglia, et al. "When Sick Brain and Hopelessness Meet: Some Aspects of Suicidality in the Neurological Patient." CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 19, no. 4 (2020): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527319666200611130804.

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: Neurological diseases expose individuals to a higher risk of suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior, including completed suicides and suicide attempts. They also represent a paradigmatic arena to study the etiopathogenic mechanisms underlying suicidality because they are emblematic of the heterogeneity and complexity of mutual interrelationships characterizing this issue. On the one hand, neurological diseases imply strictly biological impairments that are postulated to be the basis of vulnerability to suicide or result in the need for treatments for which a suicidal risk has been hypothesi

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Schmitt, J. Eric, Armin Raznahan, Siyuan Liu, and Michael C. Neale. "The Heritability of Cortical Folding: Evidence from the Human Connectome Project." Cerebral Cortex 31, no. 1 (2020): 702–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa254.

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Abstract The mechanisms underlying cortical folding are incompletely understood. Prior studies have suggested that individual differences in sulcal depth are genetically mediated, with deeper and ontologically older sulci more heritable than others. In this study, we examine FreeSurfer-derived estimates of average convexity and mean curvature as proxy measures of cortical folding patterns using a large (N = 1096) genetically informative young adult subsample of the Human Connectome Project. Both measures were significantly heritable near major sulci and primary fissures, where approximately ha

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Pérez-Valenzuela, Catherine, Gonzalo Terreros, and Alexies Dagnino-Subiabre. "Effects of stress on the auditory system: an approach to study a common origin for mood disorders and dementia." Reviews in the Neurosciences 30, no. 3 (2019): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2018-0018.

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Abstract The concept of stress is a fundamental piece to understand how organisms can adapt to the demands produced by a continuously changing environment. However, modern lifestyle subjects humans to high levels of negative stress or distress, which increases the prevalence of mental illnesses. Definitely, stress has become the pandemic of the 21st century, a fact that demands a great intellectual effort from scientists to understand the neurobiology of stress. This review proposes an innovative point of view to understand that mood disorders and dementia have a common etiology in a stressful

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Borelli, Wyllians Vendramini, Karoline Carvalho Carmona, Adalberto Studart-Neto, Ricardo Nitrini, Paulo Caramelli, and Jaderson Costa da Costa. "Operationalized definition of older adults with high cognitive performance." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 12, no. 3 (2018): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642018dn12-030001.

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ABSTRACT Recently, there has been an increasing number of studies on exceptional cognitive aging. Herein, we aim to objectively provide the operationalized characterization of older adults with unusually high memory ability. Some authors have defined them as “SuperAgers”, individuals aged 80 years or older with memory ability similar or superior to middle-aged subjects. On the other hand, the terminology “high-performing older adults” (HPOA) seems to appropriately conceptualize these individuals without exaggeration. A threshold for age is not a reliable criterion, but may be defined as 75 and

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Patel, Aniruddh D. "Vocal learning as a preadaptation for the evolution of human beat perception and synchronization." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1835 (2021): 20200326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0326.

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The human capacity to synchronize movements to an auditory beat is central to musical behaviour and to debates over the evolution of human musicality. Have humans evolved any neural specializations for music processing, or does music rely entirely on brain circuits that evolved for other reasons? The vocal learning and rhythmic synchronization hypothesis proposes that our ability to move in time with an auditory beat in a precise, predictive and tempo-flexible manner originated in the neural circuitry for complex vocal learning. In the 15 years since the hypothesis was proposed a variety of st

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van der Meer, Dennis, Jaroslav Rokicki, Tobias Kaufmann, et al. "Brain scans from 21,297 individuals reveal the genetic architecture of hippocampal subfield volumes." Molecular Psychiatry 25, no. 11 (2018): 3053–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41380-018-0262-7.

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Abstract The hippocampus is a heterogeneous structure, comprising histologically distinguishable subfields. These subfields are differentially involved in memory consolidation, spatial navigation and pattern separation, complex functions often impaired in individuals with brain disorders characterized by reduced hippocampal volume, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and schizophrenia. Given the structural and functional heterogeneity of the hippocampal formation, we sought to characterize the subfields’ genetic architecture. T1-weighted brain scans (n = 21,297, 16 cohorts) were processed with

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Leslie, John B., and W. David Watkins. "Eicosanoids in the central nervous system." Journal of Neurosurgery 63, no. 5 (1985): 659–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1985.63.5.0659.

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✓ All mammalian tissue investigated to date is capable of eicosanoid biosynthesis in response to various activating stimuli. While the importance of these metabolites as major mediators of many normal physiological processes and some pathophysiological conditions has not been proven, it is evident that these compounds are at least important modulators of many cellular and organ system functions. This review is intended to provide the reader with a brief overview of eicosanoid biology, with specific reference to the neurosciences. The increasing knowledge about the role of the eicosanoids in ne

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Gu, Jianguo, Min Zhuo, Michael Caterina, et al. "Molecular Pain, a New Era of Pain Research and Medicine." Molecular Pain 1 (January 1, 2005): 1744–8069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1744-8069-1-1.

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Molecular pain is a relatively new and rapidly expanding research field that represents an advanced step from conventional pain research. Molecular pain research addresses physiological and pathological pain at the cellular, subcellular and molecular levels. These studies integrate pain research with molecular biology, genomics, proteomics, modern electrophysiology and neurobiology. The field of molecular pain research has been rapidly expanding in the recent years, and has great promise for the identification of highly specific and effective targets for the treatment of intractable pain. Alth

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Fields, R. Douglas, and Philip Lee. "A Look Inside." Neuron Glia Biology 1, no. 2 (2004): 95–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740925x04000298.

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Standard neurobiology textbooks commonly do not contain a chapter on cancer, and the word might not even appear in the index. Its absence cannot be explained simply on the grounds that the subject falls more appropriately within the clinical realm, because you will find chapters devoted to various other nervous system diseases. Could this intellectual blind spot result from the fact that mature neurons, being post-mitotic, do not succumb to the disease? This absence in most texts is curious, considering the severe functional implications. The word is sometimes used metaphorically to connote an

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Klyushnikov, Sergey A. "Huntington’s disease." L.O. Badalyan Neurological Journal 1, no. 3 (2020): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2686-8997-2020-1-3-139-158.

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Huntingtons disease is one of the most common hereditary neurodegenerative diseases, which remains practically incurable, inevitably leading to the disability of patients and premature death. A fairly wide prevalence in the world, the special severity of the course, the almost complete penetrance of the mutant gene, the peculiarity of clinical and genetic correlations in Huntingtons disease have attracted researchers specializing in neuroscience for many years. The study of the molecular neurobiology of Huntingtons disease over the past decades has largely contributed to significant progress i

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Smith, D. J., V. Escott-Price, G. Davies, et al. "Genome-wide analysis of over 106 000 individuals identifies 9 neuroticism-associated loci." Molecular Psychiatry 21, no. 6 (2016): 749–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mp.2016.49.

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Abstract Neuroticism is a personality trait of fundamental importance for psychological well-being and public health. It is strongly associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) and several other psychiatric conditions. Although neuroticism is heritable, attempts to identify the alleles involved in previous studies have been limited by relatively small sample sizes. Here we report a combined meta-analysis of genome-wide association study (GWAS) of neuroticism that includes 91 370 participants from the UK Biobank cohort, 6659 participants from the Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health

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Price, Jack, Alcino J. Silva, Steven A. Kushner, et al. "Neurobiology." Current Opinion in Neurobiology 12, no. 1 (2002): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-4388(02)00282-9.

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