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1

US GOVERNMENT. An Act to Direct the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration to Reevaluate the Equipment in Medical Kits Carried on, and to Make a Decision Regarding Requiring Automatic External Defibrillators to Be Carried on, Aircraft Operated by Air Carriers, and for Other Purposes. U.S. G.P.O., 1998.

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2

Protecting certain lands held in fee by the Pechanga Band of Luiseno Mission Indians from condemnation until a final decision is made by the Secretary of the Interior regarding a pending fee to trust application for that land, and for other purposes: Report (to accompany H.R. 3476) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). U.S. G.P.O., 2002.

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3

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Resources. Protecting certain lands held in fee by the Pechanga Band of Luiseno Mission Indians from condemnation until a final decision is made by the Secretary of the Interior regarding a pending fee to trust application for that land, and for other purposes: Report (to accompany H.R. 3476) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). U.S. G.P.O., 2002.

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4

United States. Congress. Senate. A bill to amend title II of the Social Security Act to require that investment decisions regarding the social security trust funds be made on the basis of the best interests of beneficiaries, and for other purposes. U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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5

United States. Congress. Senate. A bill to amend titles XVIII and XIX of the Social Security Act to expand and clarify the requirements regarding advance directives in order to ensure that an indivdual's health care decisions are complied with, and for other purposes. U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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6

United States. Congress. House. A bill to amend titles XVIII and XIX of the Social Security Act to expand and clarify the requirements regarding advance directives in order to ensure that an indivdual's health care decisions are complied with, and for other purposes. [United States Government Printing Office], 1997.

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7

Kimchi, Eitan. Capacity and Decision-Making. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199959549.003.0009.

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Cognitive loss brings up crucial questions of autonomy and capacity to make one’s decisions. Capacity refers to an assessment of whether a person can make a particular medical, legal, or financial decision, and is commonly assessed in medical settings. Competency, on the other hand, is a global assessment of decision-making abilities and is a legal, not medical, assessment. Most persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) retain capacity to make decisions. As their cognitive deficits progress, this capacity may be lost, impacting their global competency. This chapter reviews the process of as
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8

Bonnie, Richard J. Fitness for Criminal Adjudication. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788478.003.0009.

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This chapter addresses the emerging significance of decisional competence in the United States. The practice of assessing and adjudicating fitness to plead developed largely without assistance from the United States Supreme Court or other appellate courts for most of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. However, the need for appellate guidance became evident in the 1980s, especially regarding the significance of mental or emotional conditions that can impair capacity for rational decision making without impairing the defendant’s capacity to understand the proceedings and communicate coheren
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9

Shah, Monica, and David Waisel. Ethics in Pediatric Anesthesiology. Edited by Kirk Lalwani, Ira Todd Cohen, Ellen Y. Choi, and Vidya T. Raman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190685157.003.0066.

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Ethical principles affect daily decision-making in pediatric anesthesiology. These medical decisions are interlaced with the ethical components of informed consent and obligations to the child and family. Informed consent in pediatrics includes the concepts of best interest, in which the parents or other surrogate decision-makers choose acceptable treatment for the child, and assent, which enables children to participate in decision-making to the best of their ability. Of equal significance to informed consent, the process of informed refusal requires anesthesiologists to more fully inform chi
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10

Stanger, Howard R. A Moderate Employers’ Association in a “House Divided”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040818.003.0008.

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Howard Stanger brings a broad temporal perspective to Columbus employers in the printing industry and their varied strategies regarding activism. Here he makes the case for how employer activism did not always lead to an ability to counter unionism. Columbus printers made a collective decision to recognize unions for the first part of the twentieth century, and then later made a collective decision to initiate a campaign to counter unions. This counter-campaign benefitted from the long praxis of anti-unionism in other parts of the country, facilitated a vigorous belligerent drive against them
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11

Wall, Jesse. Being Yourself. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801900.003.0013.

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This chapter discusses authentic decision-making as it relates to depression based on three parallel concepts found in philosophy, psychology, and the law. Since major depression is characterized (amongst other things) by ‘symptoms of sadness and diminished interest or pleasure’, ‘feelings of worthlessness/excessive/inappropriate guilt’ and a ‘cognitive triad of pessimism regarding the self, the world and the future’, the chapter explores whether an individual who has these symptoms can act on a judgment, thought, or belief in a way that lacks authenticity. It first explains, in philosophical
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12

Russell, James A., and Zachary Simmons. Hastened death: Physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia in ALS. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757726.003.0014.

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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), more than any other disease, promotes patient interest in hastened death. From an ethical perspective, end-of-life decision making should pivot on patient-centric considerations. However, medical decisions made by patients and their physicians are embedded in societal mores and the law. Opinions regarding the morality of physician participation in hastened-death and its incorporation into public policy remain sharply divided. This chapter attempts to provide a contemporary and measured review of the differing perspectives and the current status of physician
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13

Joongi, Kim. 10 Setting Aside an Arbitral Award. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198755432.003.0010.

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This chapter considers the grounds for setting aside an arbitral award. It looks at cases where set-asides have occurred—due to invalid agreements, an excess of jurisdiction, the formation of a tribunal, and public policy arguments. The Arbitration Act’s provisions concerning set-aside closely follow the Model Law and New York Convention. The chapter, however, also discusses other pre-Model Law grounds for a set-aside, such as when ‘a decision has been omitted regarding an important matter that would affect the judgment’. Moreover, the chapter explores the effects of a set-aside, before closin
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14

Gaventa, William, and Mary Lynn Dell. Spirituality, Ethics, and People with Intellectual Disabilities. Edited by John R. Peteet, Mary Lynn Dell, and Wai Lun Alan Fung. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681968.003.0016.

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This chapter addresses the spirituality of people with intellectual disabilities with particular focus on those factors that are often critical to understanding their situations and perspectives when ethical topics or dilemmas arise in their mental health care. Basic information on disability and spirituality is provided. Principlism and ethics of care are discussed because these ethical theories are especially suited to enlighten ethical thinking and decision making regarding those with disabilities. Common ways in which spirituality plays out in the lives of people with disabilities are cons
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15

Watson, Max, Caroline Lucas, Andrew Hoy, and Jo Wells. Renal failure. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199234356.003.0030.

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This chapter on renal failure covers decisions regarding dialysis, symptom control, causes of pain, analgesic usage in renal failure, and other symptoms in renal failure. The chapter also includes a formulary.
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16

Müller, Wolfgang C., ed. Austria. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747031.003.0005.

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This chapter discusses nuclear energy policy in Austria since the 1950s. It stresses that political parties were the main actors and decision-making on energy policy was strongly influenced by them. Building on the work of Strøm (1990) and Müller and Strøm (1999) it is argued that several position changes regarding nuclear energy were made by Austrian parties in response to public opinion, trading policy against votes or office. The Austrian case resembled other Western European countries until the 1970s, when a nuclear power plant was built but never made operational because of a negative ref
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17

Knoll and, Benjamin R., and Cammie Jo Bolin. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190882365.003.0009.

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The final chapter reviews the evidence that is presented throughout the book and discusses its implications for current conversations regarding female ordination in American congregations as well as wider societal forces at play. It also assesses the evidence in light of previous research on female ordination—finding, for example, empirical support for the idea that politics can drive religious behavior, and empirical disconfirmation of the notion that having female clergy will reduce religious attendance and involvement. In fact, levels of attendance and other religious behaviors are slightly
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18

Keram, Emily A. Hunger strikes. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0064.

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The management of hunger strikes in correctional settings presents the psychiatrist with unique clinical and ethical challenges. The potential for such complex tensions between medical decision-making and medical ethics rarely exists in other practice settings. A physician’s primary consideration involves the health of their patient and respect for human life. The correctional psychiatrist treating or evaluating a hunger striker may be involved in medical decisions that lead to opposite extremes, from death by starvation to forced-feeding. Concepts such as respect for human life, respect for p
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19

Hofmann, Christian, and Laurence van Lent. Organizational Design and Control Choices. Edited by Michael A. Hitt, Susan E. Jackson, Salvador Carmona, Leonard Bierman, Christina E. Shalley, and Douglas Michael Wright. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190650230.013.10.

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Building on new insights from organizational economics, management accounting researchers have highlighted how incentive contracts and performance measure choices complement structural arrangements in firms. We discuss how “slow-moving” elements in organizational design, such as the allocation of decision rights to local managers and interdependencies between different parts of the production function, affect the working of incentives and performance measures. We pay attention to the empirical challenges that researchers face in this area and argues that mixed-method approaches in which econom
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20

Miller, Nicholas R. Social Choice Theory and Legislative Institutions. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.1.

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This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. Please check back later for the full article.Narrowly understood, social choice theory is a specialized branch of applied logic and mathematics that analyzes abstract objects called preference aggregation functions, social welfare functions, and social choice functions. But more broadly, social choice theory identifies, analyzes, and evaluates rules that may be used to make collective decisions. So understood, social choice is a subfield of the social sciences that examines what may be called “
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21

Kamundia, Elizabeth. Kenya. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786627.003.0010.

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This chapter describes the use of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) by Kenyan courts. The chapter analyses fourteen cases in which Kenyan courts have made reference to the CRPD and finds that there is a steady increase in the usage of CRPD provisions by Kenyan courts, particularly since the coming into force of the Constitution of Kenya in 2010 which transformed Kenya into a monist state. The most widespread use of the CRPD is to support a decision that would have been reached anyway, based on other sources; however, in a few cases, the CRPD has significantly imp
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22

Gamberini, Andrea. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824312.003.0001.

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The introduction gives a critical rereading of the historiographical debate regarding the processes of state building at the end of the Middle Ages, highlighting its limitations in the lack of interest shown in the ideal reasons for the political conflict. This then gives rise to the interpretative proposal that forms the basis of the present work, which aims to shed light on the many conflicts that, in relation to legitimacy of power, tore medieval society apart. With this in mind, the introduction focuses on an analysis of the sources that are potentially useful for the study of these partic
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23

Schouten, Ronald, and Philip J. Candilis. Civil Commitment. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199387106.003.0002.

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More than any other clinical intervention, civil commitment is subject to strict legal requirements and oversight. Although the rules and processes vary by jurisdiction, the legal proceedings in all jurisdictions are designed to balance the autonomy interests and constitutional rights of the patient against the state’s legitimate exercise of authority. This chapter reviews the legal principles underlying civil commitment and describes how those principles are applied in different ways, using examples from various jurisdictions. Using a case vignette, it explores a common scenario in which an e
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24

Elizabeth Whitlark, Rachel. All Options on the Table. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501760341.001.0001.

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When is preventive war chosen to counter nuclear proliferation? This book looks beyond systemic and slow-moving factors such as the distribution of power. Instead, it highlights individual leaders' beliefs to explain when preventive military force is the preferred strategy. Executive perspective—not institutional structure—is paramount. The book makes its argument through archivally based comparative case studies. It focuses on executive decision making regarding nuclear programs in China, North Korea, Iraq, Pakistan, and Syria. The book considers the actions of US presidents John F. Kennedy,
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25

Calnan, Richard. Proprietary Rights and Insolvency. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759386.001.0001.

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This book explains how a creditor of an insolvent debtor can take priority over other creditors by claiming a proprietary interest in assets held by the debtor, and concentrates on the circumstances in which proprietary interests are created by operation of law or are implied from the arrangements between the parties. This is a subject of particular importance and difficulty in common law systems because of the changeable nature of equitable proprietary interests, and this book provides a clear and structured explanation of the current state of the law, with detailed reference to case law from
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26

Pozzulo, Joanna, Emily Pica, and Chelsea Sheahan. Familiarity and Conviction in the Criminal Justice System. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190874810.001.0001.

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Eyewitnesses are likely to have some degree of familiarity with a perpetrator when a crime is committed. Despite the fact that the majority of crimes are committed by someone with whom the victim/witness is familiar, the majority of eyewitness research has focused on the identification of stranger perpetrators. It is critical to examine how familiarity may influence eyewitness accuracy. Familiarity can vary from a complete stranger to a very familiar other. This book explores the “middle ground” as it relates to the criminal justice system, namely describing perpetrators, eyewitness identifica
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27

Buchanan, Allen. Reciprocal Institutional Legitimation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190878436.003.0005.

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This chapter develops the idea, advanced in the preceding chapter, that the legitimacy of institutions is ecological—that whether one institution is legitimate can depend upon its connections to other institutions. It shows how a state’s participation in the right sort of multilateral institution can enhance its legitimacy and improve the moral quality of its decisions regarding war-making, and how the legitimacy of multilateral institutions can be enhanced if the right sort of states participate in them. An important implication is that whether an institution is legitimate may not be determin
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28

Broberg, Morten, and Niels Fenger. Broberg and Fenger on Preliminary References to the European Court of Justice. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198843580.001.0001.

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This fully updated and revised 3<sup>rd</sup> edition of Preliminary References to the European Court of Justice provides a meticulous and yet easily accessible examination of all aspects of the preliminary reference procedure. A reference for a preliminary ruling is a request from a national court of an EU Member State to the European Court of Justice to give an authoritative interpretation on an EU act or a decision on the validity of such an act. Preliminary rulings have played a pivotal role in the development of the European Union. The European Union’s preliminary reference procedure has
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Schreiber, Karen, Eliza Chakravarty, and Monika Østensen, eds. Practical management of the pregnant patient with rheumatic disease. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198845096.001.0001.

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Specialists from different medical specialties need to gain familiarity with reproductive health issues in women with chronic rheumatic diseases of childbearing age. Health care providers must have easy access to summary recommendations for management of pregnancy, antenatal care, and care in the postpartum period. This book is intended as a quick-access guide of the most up-to-date understanding of the interplay between pregnancy and rheumatic diseases and principles of management before, during, and after pregnancy assisting in decision-making regarding treatment of women with autoimmune dis
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Kristen, Boon. 7 Immunity, 7.6 Prewitt Enterprises, Inc. v Org. of Petroleum Exporting Countries , 353 F.3d 916 (11th Cir. 2003). Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198743620.003.0045.

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This case addresses effective service of process of an international organization by a non-member state. The United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit relied upon the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (FRCP) because the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) did not fall within the purview of the International Organizations Immunities Act (IOIA) and no other applicable treaty existed regarding the treatment of the OPEC in a United States domestic court. The decision’s reliance upon FRCP and application of foreign law resulted in the inability of the plaintiffs to bri
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31

Louchet, Francois. Snow Avalanches. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198866930.001.0001.

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This work is a critical update of the most recent and innovative developments of the avalanche science. It aims at re-founding it on clear scientific bases, from field observations and experiments up to strong mathematical and physical analysis and modeling. It points out snow peculiarities, regarding both static mechanical properties and flow dynamics, that may strongly differ from those of compact solids for the former, and of Newtonian fluids for the latter. It analyzes the general processes involved in avalanche release, in terms of brittle fracture and ductile plasticity, specific frictio
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32

del Guayo, Iñigo, Lee Godden, Donald D. Zillman, Milton Fernando Montoya, and José Juan González, eds. Energy Justice and Energy Law. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198860754.001.0001.

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Energy justice has emerged as a matter of vital concern in energy law, with resonances in the attention directed to energy poverty, and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. There are energy justice concerns in areas of law as diverse as human rights, consumer protection, international law and trade, and in many forms of regional and national energy law and regulation. The book covers main themes related to justice. Distributive justice, the equitable distribution of the benefits and burdens of energy activities, is challenged mainly by the existence of people suffering from energy
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33

Fields, David P. Foreign Friends. University Press of Kentucky, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813177199.001.0001.

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This book examines how Syngman Rhee and the Korean independence movement used the rhetoric of American exceptionalism to lobby the U.S. government and the American public for support between 1905 and 1945. Alleging that Theodore Roosevelt violated the 1882 Korean-American Treaty when he tacitly supported the Japanese annexation of Korea in 1905, Rhee argued that Germany was not the only nation guilty of regarding treaties as “mere scraps of paper” and exhorted Americans to right this historical wrong by supporting Korean independence. He argued that doing so would prove Americans were the exce
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34

Pichler, Shaun, and Enrica N. Ruggs. LGBT Workers. Edited by Adrienne J. Colella and Eden B. King. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199363643.013.13.

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Despite the large and growing representation of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) workers, this minority group has received relatively less attention in the management and organization literature compared with other minority groups. This is a critical time in history for LGBT workers in that public opinion has become much more favorable regarding homosexuality. The US Supreme Court has made important decisions concerning gay marriage; and although there is still no comprehensive antidiscrimination legislation at the federal level, a recent executive order provides employment prote
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35

Surdam, David George. The Beginnings (1946–48). University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037139.003.0003.

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This chapter examines the origins of the BAA, which was fraught with disappointment and difficulties. The nascent BAA sought the two advantages of territorial rights and the reserve clause that other professional team sports league owners possessed, but the league faced competition from an incumbent league—the National Basketball League (NBL). The two basketball leagues contested just one or two cities and were largely able to avoid a ruinous bidding war for players, including graduating college talent. This low level of strife was unique to professional basketball and may have contributed to
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36

Claure-Del Granado, Rolando, and Ravindra L. Mehta. Haemodialysis in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0215.

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Haemodialysis was the first method available to treat patients with kidney failure and remains an important treatment for critically-ill patients with acute kidney injury. Recent studies have shown that intermittent haemodialysis, sustained low-efficiency dialysis, and continuous renal replacement therapies provide similar outcomes for intensive care unit patients. Haemodialysis techniques offer several advantages—informed decisions regarding choice of mode require consideration of the operational characteristics of each method with its advantages and limitations. The choice of modality should
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37

Lessons from Malawi’s Fresh Presidential Elections of 23 June 2020. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance and the Electoral Commissions Forum of SADC countries, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2020.59.

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On 3 February 2020, the High Court of Malawi sitting on constitutional matters nullified the presidential election that was held on 21 May 2019. That decision was upheld by the Supreme Court of Appeal on 8 May 2020. Various reforms were ordered by the courts and legislated by Parliament, most notably a change in the electoral system, from a simple majoritarian, or first-past-the-post (FPTP), system to a two-round system where the winner must receive over 50 per cent of the votes. A fresh presidential election was held on 23 June 2020 under the supervision of a new commission, and Malawi made h
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Lamont, Christopher K. The Scope and Boundaries of Transitional Justice in the Arab Spring. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190628567.003.0005.

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Chapter 5, by Christopher K. Lamont, further elaborates on critical debates regarding the scope of transitional justice processes. Drawing upon the Tunisian transition, he observes that one of the important debates has been over the appropriate temporal and substantive scope of any transitional justice mechanisms. He argues that transitional justice literature may not understand these debates well, not only because it has not until recently engaged with the MENA region, but because the former literature has been driven by legalism, while debates in Tunisia (and perhaps other countries in the r
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39

Woodruff, Paul. Growing toward Justice. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190631741.003.0002.

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On a theory based on insights from Plato’s Republic, justice is the virtue of character, shared by individuals with their communities, that is necessary for the survival of communities against the threat of civil strife. It is a cultured response to a need arising from human nature. Justice requires the free consent of community members and depends on the wisdom of the community’s leaders. It is an ideal to be approached but not to be fully achieved at the human level. An individual can grow toward justice best in a community that offers good examples to follow, is willing to improve with resp
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40

Platte, Nathan. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199371112.003.0015.

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Understanding the musical collaboration behind Selznick’s films does not require embracing every one of the producer’s decisions—some missed their mark. But Selznick’s productions do invite a re-evaluation of dominant prejudices in film-music discourse regarding, the involvement of a non-musicians in the scoring process, the sharing of compositional duties among multiple personnel, and film music’s relationship to commercial interests. These factors are crucial to understanding music’s function in Selznick’s films and its success within films and beyond. Although Selznick’s emphasis on film mu
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41

Midtgaard, Søren Flinch. Paternalism. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.201.

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In the standard view, A acts paternalistically toward B if and only if: (i) A restricts B’s liberty, (ii) A acts against B’s will, (iii) A acts for B’s own good. For example, the state may tax or prohibit smoking in the interest of citizens’ health in circumstances in which such measures are resisted by them or some of them. Telling counterexamples have been produced to each of these conditions. In the revised view, A acts paternalistically toward B if and only if: (i) A acts so as to influence B by the use of means other than rational persuasion; (ii) A does not regard B’s will as structurall
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Klitzman, Robert. Designing Babies. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190054472.001.0001.

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Since the first “test tube baby” was born over 40 years ago, in vitro fertilization and other assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have advanced in extraordinary ways, producing millions of babies. About 20% of Americans use infertility services, and that number is growing. ARTs enable gay and lesbian couples, single parents, and now others to have offspring. Prospective parents can also use preimplantation genetic diagnosis to avoid passing on certain mutations to their children and to avoid abortions of fetuses with these mutations. Other future parents routinely choose the sex of their
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Proust, Joëlle, and Martin Fortier, eds. Metacognitive Diversity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789710.001.0001.

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This book focuses on the variability of metacognitive skills across cultures. Metacognition refers to the processes that enable agents to contextually control their first-order cognitive activity (e.g. perceiving, remembering, learning, or problem-solving) by monitoring them, i.e. assessing their likely success. It is involved in our daily observations, such as “I don’t remember where my keys are,” or “I understand your point.” These assessments may rely either on specialized feelings (e.g. the felt fluency involved in distinguishing familiar from new environments, informative from repetitive
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Kosmin, Leslie, and Catherine Roberts. Company Meetings and Resolutions. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832744.001.0001.

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This new edition is the only work solely dedicated to the law of company meetings of solvent public and private companies that are registered and incorporated under the Companies Act 2006 and its predecessors. As before, the new edition is written by an author team of great authority who have specialized in company law throughout their careers. The third edition addresses the use of technology in company meetings, and in particular, considers whether it is lawful for a company registered under the Companies Act 2006 to hold a meeting of shareholders by electronic means only. The practical, as
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Crocker, Thomas P. Overcoming Necessity. Yale University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300181616.001.0001.

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Abstract:
Using emergency as a cause for action ultimately leads to an almost unnoticed evolution in the political understanding of presidential powers. The Constitution of the United States, however, was designed to function under “states of exception,” most notably through the separation of powers, and provides ample internal checks on emergency actions taken under claims of necessity. This book urges the United States Congress, the courts, and other bodies to put those checks into practice. The book analyzes the constitutional norms that fail to guide and constrain the choice of action through an ana
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