Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Other-stereotypes'

This thesis aims to analyse the use of stereotypes about the Latin-American minority in the rhetoric of presidential candidates, using the single case of the 2016 US Presidential Campaign. The primary focus is the binary relation Self-Other established by the candidates through the use of stereotypes about the minority group and themselves. The analysis is performed in a framework that combines representation theory, constructivism and post colonial theory. The speeches and debates of the candidates, which served as data, demonstrate that stereotypes are present and help represent the Latin-American group as a negative Other, a threat or victimized burden. At the same time, through the representation of this specific Other, the candidates are creating their Self political persona, which in this case is a hero who will protect the American society from the threat, or a hero who will rescue the poor from their own victimized situation. Both candidates show similarities in the use of generalized stereotypes to mention LatinAmericans or in the context in which they refer to them. While they differ in the way that they create the Other, their position to confront the problem yields a similar political persona, as both want to be rescuers. Trump portrays LatinAmericans as a threat to security or as a poor victim, while Clinton also refers to the group as a victim, but also as an asset to economy. The intention of this thesis is to contribute to the field of stereotypes in political discourse in relation to the establishment of binary oppositions.

For decades, researchers have sought greater understanding of the educational achievement gap between Blacks and Whites in the U.S. Past studies have concentrated heavily on K-12 attainment, and more recently on that of minority paths to higher education as well as obstacles to academic achievement. Often unnoticed are the interactions between social forces and the individual level psycho-social and cultural factors that may place a significant role; the stigmatization and resultant marginalization of Black students by negative stereotypes that classify them as intellectually inferior. This study explores African American and Black African highs school students' perceptions of negative stereotypes placed upon them through the conceptual frameworks of critical race theory (CRT) and the multidimensional model of racial identity (MMRI). Examining differences by immigrant status, this study seeks to uncover the intersection between the socially constructed images assigned to stigmatized groups differently influenced by negative stereotypes of Blacks and the subsequent influence on the students' perceptions and expectations of higher education. The narratives of this study illustrate the complexity of and interplay between external forces, minority youth social identities and pathways to academic attainment. This study finds that African American and Black African youth have multiple social identities that are not always reflective of the most accessible one of race. This study finds that salient social identities, personal or vicarious experiences of discrimination and being negatively stereotyped shape Black youths' individual aspirations and strategies for achievement. The present study calls into question the claim that Black youth process and respond to negative stereotypes of Blacks in a predictable manner and that these students respond to them independently of other social forces such as their families and communities in which they reside.

I takt med att det svenska samhället blir mer mångkulturellt blir också skolorna det. Jag som lärare kommer med största sannolikhet undervisa en mångkulturell klass och vill därför bli medveten om vilka budskap den mångkulturella barn- och ungdomslitteraturen sänder. Syftet med undersökningen är att ta reda på hur människor med utländsk bakgrund framställs i tre utvalda barn- och ungdomsböcker. Jag kommer använda mig av en kvalitativ litteraturanalys som har sin utgångspunkt i begreppet mångkultur för att få en djupare inblick om hur mångkultur skildras i de utvalda böckerna. Resultatet av undersökningen som jag kom fram till är att mångkultur skildras i naturliga sammanhang och karaktärerna beskrivs på ett sätt som stämmer överens med deras stereotypiska utseende.
As the Swedish society becomes increasingly multicultural so does the educational system and schools. I believe with high probability that as a teacher I will teach a multicultural group in the classroom, therefore I want to become aware of what message the multicultural children ́s and youth literature portrays. The goal of the study is to enguire how people from countries other than Sweden are portrayed in three children ́s and youth books. I will be utilizing a qualitative litearture analysis that surrounds thus giving insight into how this is portrayed in the chosen literature pieces. The results of the study concludes that multiculturalism is depicted in everyday contexts and the characters are described in a way that agrees with their stereotypic looks.

Homophobic attitudes pervade our society and specifically our justice system, which negatively impact legal protection for lesbian victims of intimate partner violence (IPV). Juror stereotypes about IPV victims and perpetrators as well as their biases based on sexual orientation may be a hindrance to IPV cases being reported and successfully prosecuted. The primary goal of this study was to investigate the impact that mock jurors’ attitudes toward homosexuals and gender roles, and their acceptance of myths about domestic violence had on their perceptions of lesbian IPV. Heterosexual undergraduate students (N = 259) read a trial summary in which the defendant was charged with physically assaulting her same-sex partner. The trial varied as to whether the victim and defendant were depicted via images as feminine or masculine and thus were either stereotypical or counter-stereotypical. Participants rendered verdicts and made judgments about the victim and defendant (e.g., credibility, sympathy). Results indicated that a masculine victim indirectly increased the likelihood of rendering guilty verdicts by increasing anger toward the defendant. Participants with negative attitudes toward lesbians rated the defendant as low in credibility, and when the victim was masculine, these participants had more anger toward the defendant than participants with more positive attitudes. Participants high on hostile sexism (i.e., attitudes that justify male power) or domestic violence myth acceptance (i.e., endorsement of false beliefs that justify physical aggression against intimate partners) minimized the seriousness of the incident, which decreased the likelihood of rendering guilty verdicts. Participants low in benevolent sexism (i.e., feelings of protectiveness toward women that support traditional gender roles) rated the incident as lower in seriousness and had less anger toward the defendant for a feminine victim paired with a masculine defendant. Participants high in benevolent sexism rated the incident as less serious when the victim and defendant were both feminine, and had more anger toward the defendant when the victim was masculine and the defendant was feminine. Results provide insight into the relationships between victim and defendant stereotypicality and individual differences in attitudes on mock juror decision-making in lesbian IPV cases.

This thesis explores ‘feminisation’ discourse(s) within the UK veterinary profession, including the ways in which gender stereotypes and biases also influence such discourses and experiences of working within the field. Drawing upon and combining a range of sociological, organisational and feminist theories such as Witz’s (1992) theory of gendered professional projects and Butler’s (1990) highly influential notion of performativity, I am able to contextualise and expand upon the ‘doing’ of the veterinary profession as well as being able to frame ‘feminisation’ discourses as paradoxes, potentially producing the effects they articulate. My analysis is divided into two parts; the first deals with results of a 463 participant survey of veterinary workers regarding definitions, perceptions and observations of ‘feminisation’ and gender difference, highlighting the significance of this subject matter within their professional lives. The second part incorporates a deeper thematic analysis of particular everyday realities, emerging from four semi-structured interviews which also aimed to explore in greater detail individual perceptions and observations regarding ‘feminisation’ and gender biases and stereotypes, encouraging participants themselves to reflect upon their experiences. A number of conclusions emerged during the analysis, including an intriguing insight that those who tended to draw most strongly on gender stereotypes and biases to outline their perceptions and observations were paradoxically those who most vehemently believed gender was irrelevant. Fundamentally however this study concludes that the concept of ‘feminisation’ is a fluid conceptualisation, a cultural process and not just empirical category of ‘empty rhetoric’ as commonly utilised and applied to the veterinary profession; as such it has the potential to be utilised extensively to progress the profession in terms of wider inclusiveness, equality, transformation, in offering reconceptualised ways of considering what it means to be part of a ‘profession’ not predicated on patriarchal structures, and to ultimately reperceive how gender can be (re/un)enacted in transformative ways alongside progressively rearticulated ‘feminisation’ discourses.

The state of queer representation in games is poor, and queer consumers are growing increasingly vocal in their demands for nuanced portrayals. This thesis investigates how queer players perceive the tropes and stereotypes commonly used to portray them in games. By sorting through existing representation and using the most common tropes found, this study created two example characters which were represented both narratively and visually. These characters were then the subject of a study of 29 participants. The comments and opinions of these 29 participants were then analysed to find a largely negative consensus which is chiefly concerned with making portrayals less tragic. From this, this study proceeds to analyse the desires of queer consumers and contextualize them in relation to a world which still actively oppresses them.

This study aims to investigate the representations that Indian students have of Hispanic cultures and, on the other hand, to assess the degree to which native Spanish teachers give importance to the intercultural competence in teaching an L2. This research has been carried out by means of questionnaires and interviews with teachers and students of Spanish as a foreign language (SFL). The data, gathered through the questionnaires and interviews, show a clash between the Indian students´ self-stereotypes and their other-stereotypes regarding the Hispanics. The results also show a contradiction between the will and determination of the SFL teachers to incorporate "intercultural" elements in their teaching practice and the feeble extent to which they manage to do so.

This paper investigates what has caused a lack of Asian American leadership in the corporate space and how transformational leadership can be the solution for these people by using their culture to their advantage. This was accomplished through a comprehensive review of transformational leadership and the personality traits associated with it, as well as psychological research on Asian American issues in the workplace and the role of Asian American culture. Stereotyping and discrimination play a role in the workplace, but usually, what a person can do to combat these issues is not explicated. This thesis aims to fill in that missing information and gives evidence from research that shows that Asian people can take proactive measures against prejudice. They can try to reduce that stigma through a couple different techniques. Transformational leadership is the most effective form of leadership and the style that Asian people should use to become effective leaders. Luckily there are aspects of their culture that already helps them become competent leaders, so it is paramount for companies to nurture those positive qualities. By fixing these issues companies will promote the best personnel which will lead to higher productivity as transformational leaders increase output. Asian Americans will not feel like they are limited by their ethnicity. This will result in greater worker productivity and an actual diversity in the leaders of the company which will lead to higher revenue and a positive public image.

This is a nontraditional thesis that combines social research in ethnic stereotypes in TV and film with the creative process of film production. This paper contains the formal step of research, in addition to the details on the production and creation of five original short films related to the issue of ethnic representations.

This study is about possibilities for improving representation of mentally ill characters in roleplaying computer games. The areas of improvement are empathy for the characters by the players, enjoyment of the game by players, and more accurate depictions of mental illness in computer games. The qualitative study created three unique character concepts, each with two backstories/game concepts, and interviewed respondents on the three aforementioned areas. The research focused on common stereotypes held in modern society and the history of these embedded beliefs, as well as what mental illness really looks like and how negative stereotypes affect an audience. The research also covers current representation of mental illness in video games and analyses their depictions. The study concludes that stereotypes about mentally ill people are harmful, and that accurate and empathetic representations of mentally ill characters in video games should begin with detailed research and respect for the issue at hand.

In the tv-series Allt för Sverige ten American participants travel around Sweden, learning about the country’s costums and culture, while competing to win the grand prize – a meet-and-greet with their long-lost Swedish relatives. Allt för Sverige is one of many tv-shows that discuss nationality and Swedish culture in a Swedish television context, and figures as an example for this discourse analysis. The analysis mainly focuses on the description of Sweden and what’s described as Swedish and nonSwedish. I’ve also distinguish themes in the portrayal of Sweden and Swedes. The theoretical framework for the analysis is discourse analysis, and focus on how the tv-show Allt för Sverige reproduce and defines nationalism and stereotypes. The study shows that Allt för Sverige promotes Sweden as a beautiful country, with a special national identity and a set of unique and strong national symbols, of which remembers the viewer of their identity and homeland. Although, Allt för Sverige sometimes presents a common bond between Swedes and the contestants, they often separate the two - presenting them as polar opposites ,and point out that the Americans never can live up to the norm and be “typical Swedish”.

Authors: Karin Lindberg & Erika Losciale Title: The West and the Rest Level: BA Thesis in Media and Communication Studies Location: Linnaeus University Language: Swedish In today's media, the use of stereotypes and simplifications of the world and of different groups are common. It is a part of how humans make sense of the world. The problem is that these simplifications tend to encourage false notions of reality. The way charities communicate in advertising is important in order to engage the audience to donate. This study aims to examine how the non-profit organization SOS Barnbyar Sverige portray underprivileged individuals in their commercials. We have chosen to focus on two different commercials in relation to the ongoing refugee crisis in Europe. The first commercial has no relation to the crisis and the second one is an attempt to show the viewer the situation of a refugee. We have studied the material through a qualitative semiotic method, also using colonialism, stereotypes and representation as theoretical frame- work in order to examine whether or not certain notions and simplifications are reproduced in the commercials from this organization. Our study has shown that there were a lot of colonial ideals and stereotypes to be found in SOS Barnbyars commercials, thus fueling the polarization of us and them and the Other.

I min kvalitativa studie har jag genom textanalyser, intervjuer och receptionsanalys undersökt hur kvinnor och män framställs i reklam. Genom att göra denna triangulering har jag kunnat belysa forskningsfrågorna från olika håll och därför fått en tydligare helhetsbild. Syftet med uppsatsen är att öka förståelsen för om och hur, kvinnor och män könsstereotypiseras i reklam, samt hur de resonerar kring detta. Jag har även i uppsatsen undersökt om det går att urskilja mönster eller teman i hur kvinnor och män resonerar om den som könsstereotypiserats är av motsatt kön. För att undersöka forskningsfrågorna tar uppsatsen avstamp i, anmälda reklamers bedömningar som gjorts av näringslivets självreglering gällande reklam och marknadskommunikation, Reklamombudsmannen och Reklamombudsmannens opinionsnämnd. Undersökningen visar att såväl kvinnor som män, är bra på att uppfatta könsstereotypisering och görandet av kön i reklam. En av de i uppsatsen utvalda reklamerna blev inte fälld av Reklamombudsmannens opinionsnämnd, men både jag och informanter kunde identifiera könsstereotyper och könsmarkörer i den. Samtliga informanter uttryckte sig uppfatta könsstereotyper gällande både kvinnor och män, i de för uppsatsen utvalda reklamerna. Analysen visar också att individen i sig, verkar ha större betydelse för hur och om informanterna resonerar kring könsstereotypisering, än deras fysiska kön.
In my qualitative study, I examined textual analyses, interviews and reception analysis of how women and men are portrayed in advertising. By doing this triangulation, I have been able to highlight the research questions from different angles and therefore gotten a clearer general picture. The purpose of the essay is to increase understanding of whether and how, women and men are gender stereotyped in advertising and how they reason about this. I have also examined whether it is possible to distinguish patterns or themes, in how women and men reason if the gender-stereotyped is of the opposite sex. In order to analyse the research questions, the essay takes off in the assessments of notified advertisings made by industry's self-regulation regarding advertising and marketing communications, Reklamombudsmannen and Reklamombudsmannens opinionsnämnd. The survey shows that both women and men are good at perceiving gender stereotyping and the making of gender, in advertising. One of the selected advertisements was not convicted by Reklamombudsmannens opinionsnämnd, but both me and informants could identify gender stereotypes and gender markers in it. All informants expressed themselves to perceive gender stereotypes regarding both women and men, in the, for the essay chosen, advertisements. The analysis also shows that the individual itself, seems to be more important for how and if the informants reason about gender stereotyping, than their sex.

The purpose of this study was to understand the reasons the four female participants decided to pursue electrician technician training, their perspectives of the apprenticeship program, their perceptions of successful employment in a male-dominated occupation, and differences in treatment based on their gender. The exploratory questions that guided the study were: what led the females to make the decision for applying to the electrician technician apprenticeship; what was the nature of the education and training experiences of the participants in the electrician technician apprenticeship program, what were the participants’ perceptions of being successful in advancement within the workforce as a female electrician technician; and what gender differences did the participants experience as female electrician technicians? The theoretical framework for this study is based on feminist standpoint theory (Harding, 1991, 1993, 1987; Hartsock, 1997, 1998a 1998b; Smith 1987, 1997). Data collection methods consisted of a demographics questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, participant journals, researcher’s reflexive journal notes, and electrician apprenticeship program data. The cross-case analysis generated five major themes: family support, independence, mentors, self-directedness, and gender stereotypes. These five themes included discussions of the micro, meso, and macro levels in a male-dominated occupation. Implications for practitioners and policy makers are described. This study contributes empirical research on feminist standpoint theory and females in male-dominated occupations. It also adds to the body of literature on female electrician technicians’ decision processes, which are rarely studied, and success in a male-dominated occupation.

The purpose of this essay is to analyse how Samí history is portrayed in six digital teaching materials. The six teaching materials are intended for both primary school and secondary school. This comparative study aims to investigate whether Samí history is portrayed, and as well to present differences and similarities between the presentations of what that mainly represent Samí history. Therefore, a qualitative content analysis has been used to achieve the purpose of the study. The information regarding Samí history in the digital teaching materials has been divided into three categories, History, Politics and community, and Identity. Thereafter, the categories have been analysed one by one, through six converted theoretical perspectives of orientalistic stereotypifications. The study shows that the stereotypification of Samí history is mostly portrayed as ‘passive’ and ‘undeveloped/outdated’. That means, for example, that only two publishers of the teaching materials present facts about the minority group, as a resisting group to the colonization. The same number of publishers portray Samí history as ‘undeveloped/outdated’. The result is based on that the Samí perspective is mainly reduced and instead is the Swedish state, colonizers, the normative perspective.  The study also shows that the teaching materials have a similar way of generalizing the content, especially regarding the how Samí people wore affected of the colonization. The difference though is the approach angle, and the unequal variety of supplying the readers with further detailed facts of certain historical decisions or events in Samí history.

This essay examines through a postcolonial analysis of the intermedial aspects of comicbooks how stereotypes and depictions of the Other and the alien are formed in Tintin au Congo and Tintin en Amérique. The aim has been to call attention to the importance of the relationship between text and image to create meaning, as well as to gain a deeper insight into how different stereotypes are created and their function. Hergé illustrated the Tintin-books according to something that would come to be known as ”The Clear Line”, a way of drawing that focused on the readbility of the images. In this essay I argue that the simplicity of these readable images were used in his work as comic relief but also to create an awareness of deeper social issues in the world. There is a notable difference between Tintin au Congo and Tintin en Amérique where in the first album Hergé seems to be governed by these stereotypes, fully embracing them without questioning. In the second one however he is consciously and playfully using these images to make the reader aware of the problems with Othering, simultaneously using recognizable symbols that everyone can understand but with a critical gaze that not only reveals these problems but also condemns them. The use of these symbols and stereotypes highlights the importance of the relationship between text and image, as signification and meaning can differ depending on translation and the words used.

Alla barn har rätt till en likvärdig utbildning, vilket innefattar rätten till en likvärdig betygsättning. Organisationer och myndigheter, såsom Förenta nationerna, Skolverket och Diskrimineringsombudsman, belyser gång på gång vikten av alla barns lika värde i skolan. Att flertal aktörer framhäver vikten av likvärdighet samt arbetar aktivt för att uppnå likvärdig betygsättning för alla elever innebär dock inte alltid att alla elever blir betygsatta utifrån samma grunder. Ett mått att mäta likvärdighet i betygen är att identifiera betygens validitet. Betygsättning av elever utifrån personliga egenskaper istället för ämneskunskaper innebär att betygen får en låg validitet. Detta examensarbete kommer att studera hur elever med olika bakgrund. Studien avgränsas till att analysera upplevelserna utifrån två grunder; kön och etnicitet. avseende kön och etnicitet upplever att de blir betygsatta i matematik. Studien syftar till att undersöka differenser gällande upplevelser av betygssättning i matematik mellan elever med utländsk kontra svensk bakgrund samt differenser mellan pojkar och flickor. Med utländsk bakgrund avses i detta arbete en elev som är född utanför Sverige eller har föräldrar som är födda utanför Sverige. Detta examensarbete är uppdelat i två delar; en undersökande del och en utvecklingsdel. Den undersökande delen har för avsikt att genom datainsamling undersöka hur svenska skolan förhåller sig till en likvärdig bedömning inom matematik. Undersökningen sker via intervjuer, enkäter och litteraturstudier. Där utöver syftar studien till att undersöka lärarperspektivet i frågan avseende hur lärare uppfattar elevers prestationer i matematik och hur elevernas bakgrund kan påverka lärarens betygsättning. Det utfördes både kvalitativ och kvantitativ datainsamling i form av enkäter samt intervjuer. Totalt kom det in 359 enkätsvar och det utfördes 16 elevintervjuer samt fem lärarintervjuer. Deltagande lärare och elever i intervjuer samt enkätundersökningen var från fyra olika skolor i olika kommuner. Enkäterna genomgick en kvantitativ analys och intervjuerna genomgick en tematisk analys. Det utvecklingsdelen ämnade att skapa ett manus till en eventuell informationsfilm som lyfter undersökningsdelens resultat och upplyser lärare om elevers upplevelser om likvärdigheten i betygssättning i matematik. Resultatet påvisar att pojkar med utländsk bakgrund i allmänhet har sämre gymnasiebetyg i matematik. Enligt studien upplever eleverna i denna grupp att deras betyg inte möter deras prestationer. Flickor med svensk bakgrund har högst betyg enligt studien och de upplever i allra högst grad att deras betyg matchar prestationerna. Lärarna i studien ansåg att faktorer såsom språk, kultur och motivation påverkar betygssättningen. Vidare ansåg de att elever med utländsk bakgrund hade svårare att uppnå högre betyg i matematik på grund av språkbrister. Familjen hade även en påverkan enligt både lärare samt elever. Ett exempel på detta var att elever som fått låga betyg i matematik under grundskolan, men ändå haft behörigheten att börja på gymnasieprogram såsom natur och teknik, väljer dessa linjer på grund av press från föräldrar. Elever med högutbildade föräldrar klarar sig bättre i matematik och samtidigt påvisas att en mindre andel elever med utländsk bakgrund hade föräldrar som var utbildade. Lärarna hade mer tendenser att ge högre betyg till de elever som hade högst motivation. Utifrån denna studie hade vissa lärare tendenser att utgå ifrån stereotyper vid bemötande av eleverna samt vid vissa fall vid betygsättningen inom matematik. Förslag har presenterats för att försöka uppnå en mer likvärdig betygsättning genom att öka validiteten för betygen. Förslag såsom anonyma prov, kartläggning av stereotyper samt stöd för elever som inte får hjälp hemifrån med matematiken har lyfts upp i manuset. Detta examensarbete har för avsikt att bidra med insikter om hur betygsättningen inte alltid är likvärdig, trots lagar och förslag för bedömning i matematik. Detta utifrån att betyg har låg validitet. Ett hållbart samhälle kräver en hållbar skola därför är strävan efter likvärdiga betyg vitalt då det gynnar flertal globala mål. Att pojkar med utländsk bakgrund får sämre betyg innebär inte att de inte blir likvärdigt bedömda, utan det kan även vara på så sätt att de presterar sämre i matematik.
All children have the right to an equal education, which includes the right to an equal grade. Organizations and authorities, such as the United Nations, the National Agency for Education and the Discrimination Ombudsman, repeatedly highlight the importance of the equal value of all children in school. However, the fact that several actors emphasize the importance of equivalence and work actively to achieve equal grading for all students does not always mean that all students are graded on the same grounds. One measure of measuring equivalence ingrades is to identify the validity of grades. Grading of students based on personal characteristics instead of subject knowledge means that the grades have a low validity. This thesis will study how students with different backgrounds. The study is limited to analyzing the experiences on two grounds; gender and ethnicity. regarding gender and ethnicity feel that they are graded in mathematics. The study aims to investigate differences regarding experiences of grading in mathematics between students with a foreign versus Swedish background as well as differences between boys and girls. By foreign background is meant in this work a student who was born outside Sweden or has parents who were born outside Sweden. This thesis is divided into two parts; an investigative part and a development part. The investigative part intends to investigate through data collection how the Swedish school relates to an equivalent assessment in mathematics. The survey takes place via interviews, questionnaires and literature studies. In addition, the study aims to examine the teacher's perspective on the issue of how teachers perceive students' performance in mathematics and how students' backgrounds can affect teachers' grades. Both qualitative and quantitative data collection was performed in the form of questionnaires and interviews. A total of 359 questionnaire responses were received and 16 student interviews and five teacher interviews were conducted. Participating teachers and students in interviews and the survey were from four different schools in different municipalities. The questionnaires underwent a quantitative analysis and the interviews underwent a thematic analysis. The development part intended to create a script for a possible information film that highlights the results of the survey part andi nforms teachers about students' experiences of the equivalence in grading in mathematics. The results show that boys with a foreign background generally have poorer high school grades in mathematics. According to the study, the students in this group feel that their grades do not match their performance. Girls with a Swedish background have the highest grades according to the study and they experience to a very high degree that their grades match the achievements. The teachers in the study considered that factors such as language, culture and motivation affect the grading. Furthermore, they considered that students with a foreign background had more difficulty in achieving higher grades in mathematics due to language deficiencies. The family also had an impact according to both teachers and students. An example of this was that students who received low grades in mathematics during primary school, but still had the right to start high school programs such as nature and technology, choose these lines due to pressure from parents. Pupils with highly educated parents do better in mathematics and at the same time it is shown that a smaller proportion of pupils with a foreign background had parents who were educated. The teachers had more tendencies to give higher grades to the students who had the highest motivation. Based on this study, some teachers tended to start from stereotypes when treating students and in some cases when grading in mathematics. Proposals have been presented to try to achieve a more equivalent grading by increasing the validity of the grades. Suggestions such as anonymous tests, mapping of stereotypes and support for students who do not receive help from home with mathematics have been raised in the script. This thesis intends to contribute insights into how grading is not always equivalent, despite laws and proposals for assessment in mathematics. This is based on the fact that grades have low validity. A sustainable society requires a sustainable school, therefore the pursuit of equivalent grades is vital as it benefits several global goals. The fact that boys with a foreign background receive poorer grades does not mean that they are not assessed equally, but it can also be the case that they perform worse in mathematics.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the sex-trait stereotype church lay people had of women clergy. Two groups of lay people were studied, those who had and had not had a woman clergy as either pastor or assistant pastor of a church to which they belonged. Data was also obtained from women clergy.;Gough's Adjective Check List was used to determine a stereotype that the above described lay people had of women clergy. The goal was to determine if there were differences between lay men and women in the way they described women clergy and if there were differences between lay people who had and had not experienced a clergy woman.;An additional comparison was made between each of the lay groups and the women clergy. It was found that both groups of lay people did describe women clergy differently from the way in which the women clergy described themselves.;Further study is needed to evaluate this data using a nonparametric method. It is also necessary to examine data from male clergy, to determine if these results are unique to women clergy.

I propose to analyze and categorize the interpretations of the "hillbilly" stereotype in twenty-first century films (in both "art" films and in mainstream studio productions). In his seminal 1995 study of the portrayal of the "hillbilly" stereotype in twentieth century films (_Hillbillyland_), J. W. Williamson viewed that particular stereotype as being a rural American rather than specifically an Ozark and/or Appalachian phenomenon, and thus he identified films set in rural sections of various rural regions of the U.S. as having been equally involved in the proliferation of manifestations of the "hillbilly" stereotype. By incorporating my own research into the history of the "hillbilly" stereotype, I plan to challenge Williamson's argument by suggesting that in his effort to defend Appalachian culture from negative stereotyping (he was an Appalachian studies scholar at Appalachian State University) Williamson misinterpreted the true nature of that stereotype, which was indeed an effort by mainstream American culture, from before the American Revolution through the late twentieth century and arguably into the new millennium, to identify a distinctively "other" sectional culture within the United States--one that in its very "otherness" rendered mainstream American culture (which historically suffered from a kind of inferiority complex when it compared itself to European cultures) as inherently more "cultured" by comparison. After I critique Williamson's study, I plan to suggest the emergence of a new strain of postmodern, indeed post-"hillbilly," stereotyping practiced in certain newer, late twentieth century and early twenty-first century films, even as other twenty-first century films have rehashed old "hillbilly" stereotyping tropes borrowed from an earlier era.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2007.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 22, 2007). Directed by Leila Villaverde; submitted to the School of Education. Includes bibliographical references (p. 234-252).

Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur myndigheten Försvarsmaktens jämställdhetssatsning mellan åren 2015 och 2018 visuellt och språkligt kom till uttryck i två reklamkampanjer som lanserades under samma tidsperiod. Studien vill även ge ökad förståelse för hur bild och text samspelar i reklam som ämnar bidra till ökad jämställdhet. Utifrån studiens syfte lyder frågeställningarna: Hur framställs män respektive kvinnor i reklamkampanjerna? Hur kan framställningen av män respektive kvinnor relateras till handlingsplanen och Försvarsmaktens definition av jämställdhet? Hur samspelar text och bild i reklamkampanjerna för att påvisa jämställdhet? Materialet som studien bygger på består av totalt 12 reklambilder från reklamkampanjerna Vi låter Sverige vara ifred (2017–2018) och Många har många frågor (2018), sex bilder från vardera kampanj. Studien utgår från ett sociosemiotisk perspektiv och bygger teoretiskt främst på språkmodellen för systemisk-funktionell grammatik (SFG). Materialet undersöks genom metoden sociosemiotisk multimodal analys och fokuserar på den ideationella och den interpersonella metafunktionen i bild och språk. Resultatet av analysen visade att Försvarsmaktens jämställdhetssatsning kom till uttryck i reklamkampanjerna genom att framställa män och kvinnor som jämlikar. Kvinnor, och till viss del även män, förekommer i sammanhang och roller de inte vanligtvis syns i, vilket är uttryck för en icke-stereotyp framställning av könen. Kvinnor får ta plats både visuellt och språkligt i militära sammanhang som historiskt varit mansdominerade. Slutligen visade analysen att bilderna är det som starkast påvisar jämställdhet i reklamkampanjerna. Bilderna hjälper i flera fall mottagaren att förstå textens betydelse i reklambilderna.

This research explored the stereotypical representations, images, and expectations surrounding the relationships of Filipino women and American men. Within the context of the mail-order bride phenomenon, Filipino women have been largely depicted as victims of racialized and gendered representations of mail-order bride agencies. Similarly, romantic relationships between Filipino women and American men are reduced to mere business at which romantic love and desire is absent. However, such depictions fail to acknowledge other factors at play with Filipino women’s intention to seek relationship with Western men. Within the Filipino society, Western men are constructed as better marriage partners in contrast to that of Filipino men. Findings revealed that the desire to seek relationships with one another is driven by their desire based on the preconceptions they perceive one another to possess.

Notre recherche s'intéresse avant tout à étudier les représentations de l'Afghanistan telles qu'elles se présentent dans un corpus de récits de voyage recouvrant les XIXe et XXe siècles. D'un point de vue général, nous avons constaté de nettes constances mais aussi de grandes variations dans cet ensemble de représentations. L'imaginaire de l'Afghanistan au XIXe siècle se construit sur sur de grandes thématiques liées au statut et à la culture des voyageurs de l'époque, qui sont tous, à des degrés divers reliés aux dynamiques du "grand jeu" des empires coloniaux en Asie. C'est pourquoi une appréhension géopolitique très particulière caractérise tous ces récits. Le travail des premiers voyageurs, presque tous des britanniques, est donc focalisé sur une recherche en matière de cartographie, de géographie et d'histoire politique. Cependant l'imaginaire occidental de l'Afghanistan au XXe siècle se différencie largement de celui du siècle précédent. Tout d'abord, le profil des voyageurs se diversifie. D'autre part, une grande variation dans l'orientation des écrivains-voyageurs, dans leurs centres d'intérêt et leur perception des habitants et des lieux est perceptible, malgré le maintien de certaines constantes. En fait, une double dimension éthique et esthétique caractérise la représentation de l'Afghanistan dans cette période
This research project explores the representations of Afghanistan in a corpus of travel narratives from the nineteenth and twentieh centuries. Overall, we can see great variations but also certain constants in the representations of this country. The Afghan imaginary in the nineteenth century is constructed on major themes related to the status and culture of travellers of the time, all related to the dynamics of the "Great Game" of the colonial empire in Asia; This is why a very particular geopolitical perspective characterizes all these narratives. The work of early travellers, almost all British, was focused on research in cartography, geography and political history. The Western imagination of Afghanistan in the twentieh century differs greatly from that of the previous century. First, the profile of travelers diversifies. On the other hand, greater variation in the orientation of writer-travellers, in their interests and their perception of the inhabitants and places is perceptible, despite the constants. In fact, a dual ethical and aesthetic dimension characterizes the imaginary of the Afghanistan in this period. In general, the representations of this country in the twentieh century, that is to say between the years 1920 and 1978, are characterized by the predominance of an "Edenlike" vision of the country, its inhabitants and its landscape

本論は、1970年代から2000年代のアメリカのテレビドラマにおけるアジア系女性の表象を分析したものである。作中でアジア系女性が築く他の人物との関係性に焦点を当て、その変遷を各時代背景とともに論じた。70年代のアジア系女性は、既存の体制を維持、強化する関係性を築いていたが、2000年代にはアジアに対する抑圧の片鱗が見られつつも、アジア系女性が主体性を発揮できる関係を構築していた。終章では、こうした表象の変遷に影響を及ぼした一つの要因として、メディア表象の改善を求めるアジア系活動団体の歴史について考察している。
This dissertation examines how US television series represented Asian women from the 1970s to the 2000s. By focusing on the relationships of Asian women with other characters, it analyzes why representational transitions occurred in relation to the socio-cultural context of each program. In the 1970s, Asian women's relationship with other characters reflected and even seemed to support the existing social hegemonic structure. In the 2000s, “Asian” roles remained underprivileged, but they demonstrated more autonomy in their relationships with others. In the last chapter, I introduce the history of Asian American media organizations, one of the factors that brought about these transitions over the years.
博士(メディア学)
Doctor of Philosophy in Media Studies
同志社大学
Doshisha University

The goal of this thesis is to explore the way heterosexism and homophobia are present in the coding that has created an implied and monstrous queer identity for the Joker, present in many versions of the character over the past forty years. Through close readings of several of the Joker’s most iconic appearances, queer theory texts, and analytical essays on pop culture, this paper will analyze the use of queer signifiers present in the comics and the way that these portrayals of the Joker are rife with harmful and heterocentric perceptions of what comic creators have seen as necessary signifiers for queerness. Additionally, I will be using knowledge gleaned from my own preexisting work with fan and cultural studies in order to talk about the way that this portrayal of the Joker has been developed within fandom/fan communities and how it is continually replicated in superhero media.

Agentic women continue to be penalized for success in male-dominated industries, resulting in gender discrimination and differing opportunity structures (Foschi, 2000). The purpose of the proposed study is to see how an employee’s gender and status in male-dominated corporate settings influence participants’ perceptions of competency, liking, and consequences after the employee makes a mistake. These dependent variables will also be examined in relationship to participants’ level of sexism. Approximately 132 participants will be recruited from high technology companies, and will read a vignette about a male or female and entry-level or executive employee who makes a mistake. They will then answer competency, liking, and firing questions, as well as Glick & Fiske’s (1996) Ambivalent Sexism Inventory. Participants are expected to perceive females more negatively than males, and executives more negatively than entry-level employees. Additionally, female executives will be perceived as the least competent, and will be the least well liked. It is also predicted that they will be most likely fired. This study may add important information on gender stereotyping in the workplace, and further explore how an employee’s status in the company influences perceptions of the employee. The implications of the proposed study for future research are also discussed.

The purpose of this degree project is to examine to what extent certain groups in society are represented in the teaching material in upper secondary schools in Sweden. Through the scrutinizing of a selected number of English textbooks, the intention is to analyse texts and images to see whether representation of individuals on the basis of ethnicity, gender, gender identity and sexual orientation occur in the material. Another aspect of the essay is to identify possible stereotypes regarding the mentioned categories. The analyses draw on a number of theories: postcolonial, feminist and gender, as well as queer theories, in order to relate possible non-representation in the teaching material to the key concept of otherness. Furthermore, the concepts of hegemony and heteronormativity serve an important role in the analyses of the material as they expose dominant structures in society which tend to give certain groups authority over others.

The storytelling ability of television can be observed in any genre. Crime drama offers a unique perspective because victims and offenders change every episode increasing stereotypes with each new character. In other words, the more victims and criminals observed by the audience, the more likely the show creates the perception of a mean world. Based on previous literature, three questions emerged which this study focused on by asking the extent of Criminal Minds’ ability to portray crime accurately compared to the Federal Bureau of Investigations Uniform Crime Report (UCR) and the Behavioral Analysis Unit’s (BAU-4) report on serial murderers and how those portrayals changed over the fifteen years of the show. A content analysis was conducted through the lens of cultivation theory, coding 324 episodes which produced a sample size of 354 different cases to answer the research questions. Two additional coders focused on the first, middle, and last episodes of each season (N=45) for reliability. The key findings are low levels of realism with the UCR and high levels of realism with the BAU-4 statistics. Mean-world syndrome was found to be highly likely to be cultivated in heavy viewers. Finally, roles for minority groups did improve overtime for Black and Brown bodies, yet Asian bodies saw a very small increase in representation. LGBT members were nearly nonexistent. The findings indicated that there is still not enough space in television for minority roles and found that the show perpetuated stereotypes. Additional implications and themes include a lack discourse on violence and erasure of sexual assault victims.

abstract: Despite a large body of research on stereotypes, there have been relatively few empirical investigations of the content of stereotypes about Native Americans. The primary goal of this research was to systematically explore the content of cultural stereotypes about Native Americans and how stereotypes about Native Americans differ in comparison to stereotypes about Asian Americans and African Americans. Building on a classic paradigm (Katz and Braly, 1933), participants were asked to identify from a list of 145 adjectives those words associated with cultural stereotypes of Native Americans and words associated with stereotypes of Asian Americans (Study 1) or African Americans (Study 2). The adjectives associated with stereotypes about Native Americans were significantly less favorable than the adjectives associated with stereotypes about Asian Americans, but were significantly more favorable than the adjectives associated with stereotypes about African Americans. Stereotypes about Native Americans, Asian Americans and African Americans were also compared along the dimensions of the stereotype content model (SCM; Fiske, et al., 2002), which proposes that stereotypes about social groups are based on the core dimensions of perceived competence, warmth, status, and competitiveness. Native Americans were rated as less competent, less of a source of competition, and lower in social status than Asian Americans, and less competent and lower in social status than African Americans. No significant differences were found in perceived warmth across the studies. Combined, these findings contribute to a better understanding of stereotypes about Native Americans and how they may differ from stereotypes about other racial groups.
Dissertation/Thesis
M.S. Psychology 2013

Στην παρούσα εργασία προσεγγίζεται η έννοια του ξένου μέσα από τα Κείμενα Νεοελληνικής Λογοτεχνίας Α΄, Β΄ και Γ΄ Γυμνασίου. Έχοντας ως έρεισμα τις πολιτισμικές σπουδές και με βασικό εργαλείο την imagologie/ πολιτισμική εικονολογία, η εργασία αυτή αντιμετωπίζει τη λογοτεχνία ως τομέα διαμόρφωσης της εικόνας «μας» και της εικόνας των «άλλων», αλλά και ως πιθανό πεδίο (ανα)παραγωγής στερεοτύπων. Η κατανόηση του ξένου επιχειρείται καταρχάς ως υποκατηγορία του άλλου και επομένως συνδέεται με ζητήματα ορισμού, συγκρότησης και αναπαραγωγής της ταυτότητας και της ετερότητας. Παράλληλα θίγονται ζητήματα σχετικά με τη δημιουργία και το ρόλο των κοινωνικών στερεοτύπων για την κατασκευή της ταυτότητας. Σε θεωρητικό επίπεδο η προσέγγιση του ξένου γίνεται μέσα από τις επιστήμες της κοινωνιολογίας, της ανθρωπολογίας, της ψυχανάλυσης και άλλων επιστημών του ανθρώπου, χωρίς να οδηγείται τελικά σε έναν απόλυτο και άκαμπτο ορισμό. Βασική παράμετρος πάντως για τον ορισμό του ξένου θεωρείται η σχέση του με τον χώρο/ τη χώρα του άλλου. Σκόπιμα δεν τίθενται εξαρχής ερευνητικά ερωτήματα ώστε να μην επηρεαστεί η οπτική της ερευνήτριας από κάτι που συνειδητά ψάχνει, αλλά να οδηγηθεί σε συμπεράσματα μέσα από το ίδιο το υλικό. Η ανάλυση των κειμένων δομείται σε δύο επίπεδα. Στο πρώτο επίπεδο γίνεται μια κατηγοριοποίηση της έννοιας του ξένου όπως προκύπτει από το υλικό, χωρίς να ακολουθούνται προσχηματισμένες κατηγορίες, έτσι δηλαδή όπως προτείνεται από την grounded theory. Βασικό εργαλείο ανάλυσης των κειμένων στο επίπεδο αυτό είναι η πολιτισμική εικονολογία. Στη συνέχεια η ανάλυση οδηγείται σε ένα δεύτερο επίπεδο στο οποίο απομακρύνεται από το βασικό μεθοδολογικό εργαλείο και επιχειρείται μια διαφορετική προσέγγιση της έννοιας του ξένου με βάση κάποιους θεωρητικούς που παρουσιάζονται στο πρώτο μέρος της εργασίας.
In the dissertation presented, “strange” is approached through Modern Greek Literature texts of High School Classes A, B and C. Having cultural studies as a base and imagologie as a basic tool, this study sees literature as a field that moulds “our” image as well as the image of “the others” and as a potential field where stereotypes are (re)produced. It is firstly attempted to understand strange as a subcategory of the other. Thus, understanding it is connected with the definition, composition and reproduction of identity and diversity. In parallel, issues concerning the creation and the role of social stereotypes to build the identity are touched. Theoretically speaking, strange is approached through sociology, anthropology, psychoanalysis and other human sciences, without eventually being brought to an absolute and firm definition. Its relation with the other’s space and country is considered, though, as a fundamental parameter for its definition. Research questions are deliberately not set in the beginning so that the researcher’s view is not affected by something consciously sought, but will be led to conclusions through the material itself. The analysis of texts is structured on two levels. On the first level, strange is categorized as results by the material, not following preconceived categories, just as it is proposed by grounded theory. On this level imagologie is a significant tool towards the analysis of the text. Analysis is then led to a second level on which it is no longer close to the basic methodology tool. There, a different approach of strange is attempted based on academics presented at the first part of the dissertation.

O objetivo desta dissertação é compreender o conteúdo e a natureza dos estereótipos de gênero incorporados em atributos tradicionais retratados por personagens de videojogos. Ele apresenta uma revisão dos principais conceitos que participam deste fenômeno. Os resultados foram então testados com dois estudos exploratórios de pequena escala que os corroboraram. A representação mais comum de personagens femininas é como damsels in distress e objetos sexuais, enquanto a representação mais comum dos personagens masculinos é o role do herói ou do aggressor Finalmente, propõe que o uso combinado dos dados coletados e as dimensões do Stereotype Content Model possam detectar atributos de esterotypos de gênero em personagens de videojogos.
The purpose of this dissertation is to understand the content and nature of gender stereotypes embedded in traditional attributes portrayed by videogame characters. It presents a review of the main concepts that take part in this phenomenon. The findings were then put to test with two small-scale exploratory studies that corroborated the data. The most common depiction of female characters is as damsels in distress, and sexual objects, while the most common depiction of male characters is as heroes or aggressors. Finally, it proposes that the combined used of the data gathered and the dimensions of the Stereotype Content Model would be able to detect gender stereotypical traits in videogame characters.

O objetivo desta dissertação é compreender o conteúdo e a natureza dos estereótipos de gênero incorporados em atributos tradicionais retratados por personagens de videojogos. Ele apresenta uma revisão dos principais conceitos que participam deste fenômeno. Os resultados foram então testados com dois estudos exploratórios de pequena escala que os corroboraram. A representação mais comum de personagens femininas é como damsels in distress e objetos sexuais, enquanto a representação mais comum dos personagens masculinos é o role do herói ou do aggressor Finalmente, propõe que o uso combinado dos dados coletados e as dimensões do Stereotype Content Model possam detectar atributos de esterotypos de gênero em personagens de videojogos.
The purpose of this dissertation is to understand the content and nature of gender stereotypes embedded in traditional attributes portrayed by videogame characters. It presents a review of the main concepts that take part in this phenomenon. The findings were then put to test with two small-scale exploratory studies that corroborated the data. The most common depiction of female characters is as damsels in distress, and sexual objects, while the most common depiction of male characters is as heroes or aggressors. Finally, it proposes that the combined used of the data gathered and the dimensions of the Stereotype Content Model would be able to detect gender stereotypical traits in videogame characters.

TITLE: Reading Literacy Development of Pupils with Other Mother Tongue in Inclusive Education Context AUTHOR: Mgr. Marie Rychlíková DEPARTMENT: Department of Primary Education PedF UK Prague SUPERVISOR: prof. PaedDr. Radka Wildová, CSc. ABSTRACT: This thesis is focused on the reading literacy issues of pupils with other mother tongue in primary education. The aim of this work is to analyse and describe the contemporary state of reading literacy skills of pupils with other mother tongue in inclusive education context. The foreigners children have to overcome the social and cultural differences as well as the language barrier. In order to be successfully included into the education system, and consequently into our society, the pupils need to learn Czech language at the best level they are able to. The structure of this work is divided into two parts - the theoretical and practical one. There were quantitative and qualitative methods used in the research. The individual aims of this work were analysed, processed and discussed based on the results of the two research phases and description of good practice examples from Finland. Finally the conclusions and suggestions were expressed. KEY WORDS: Reading literacy, first reading literacy, inclusion, stereotypes, basic literacy, pupil with other mother tongue,...

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Opposing the culture of différance created through American cultural media, this thesis argues, Arab hip-hop artists revive the politically conscious sub-genre of hip-hop with the purpose of normalising their Arab existence. Appropriating hip-hop for a cultural protest, Arab artists create for themselves a sub-genre of conscious hip-hop – Arab-conscious hip-hop and function as Gramsci’s organic intellectuals, involved in better representation of Arabs in the mainstream. Critiquing power dynamics, Arab hip-hop artists are counter-hegemonic in challenging popular identity constructions of Arabs and revealing to audiences biases in media production and opportunities for progress towards social justice. Their identity (re)constructions maintain difference while avoiding Otherness. The intersection of Arab-consciousness through hip-hop and politics of identity necessitates a needed cultural protest, which in the case of Arabs has been severely limited. This thesis progresses by reviewing literature on politics of identity, Arabs in American cultural media, Gramsci’s organic intellectuals and conscious hip-hop. Employing criticism, this thesis presents an argument for Arab hip-hop group, The Arab Summit, as organic intellectuals involved in mainstream representation of the Arab community.

The purpose of my dissertation is to conduct an intertextual study of two fantasy texts — Alice in Wonderland by Victorian author Lewis Carroll, and Stardust by postmodern fantasy author Neil Gaiman — and their filmic re-visionings by Tim Burton and Matthew Vaughn respectively. In scrutinising these texts, drawing on insights from feminist, children’s literature and intertextual theorists, the actions of ‘growing up’ and ‘falling down’ are shown to be indicative of a paradoxical becoming of the text’s central female protagonists, Alice and Yvaine. The social mechanisms of the Victorian age that educate the girl-child into becoming accepting of their domestic roles ultimately alienate her from her true state of being. While she may garner some sense of importance within the imaginary realms of fantasy narratives, as these female protagonists demonstrate, she is reduced to the position of submissive in reality – in ‘growing up’, she must assume a ‘fallen down’ state in relation to the male.
English Studies
M.A. (English)