Academic literature on the topic '(other than those in title)'
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Journal articles on the topic "(other than those in title)"
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Lawton, Carol A., Judith E. Owen Blakemore, and Lesa Rae Vartanian. "The New Meaning of Ms.: Single, But too Old for Miss." Psychology of Women Quarterly 27, no. 3 (2003): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-6402.00101.
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We examined understanding of the title Ms., in college students and individuals surveyed via the Internet. Participants were asked to define Ms. and other titles, and rate the likely marital status and age of those using the titles. While some participants indicated that Ms. was a title for women of any marital status, a common alternative definition of Ms. was a title for unmarried women. Younger participants (those under 20) were significantly more likely to use this definition. We also asked what title women preferred for themselves. Older unmarried women were more likely to prefer Ms. as their own title than were younger unmarried women, while married women overwhelmingly preferred the use of Mrs. Perhaps this is why many younger people assume that Ms. is a title for unmarried women too old to use Miss.
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Richard Appiah, Kingsley, Christopher Ankomah, Harrison Yaw Osei, and Timothy Hattoh-Ahiaduvor. "Structural Organisation of Research Article Titles: A Comparative Study of Titles of Business, Gynaecology and Law." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 10, no. 3 (2019): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.10n.3p.145.
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Since titles are gateways to the heart of research articles (RAs), their organisational structure should be regarded very crucial in appealing to the potential reader. This study aimed to investigate how titles of RAs are presented in three disciplines (Gynaecology/Obstetrics, Business, and Law). After a thorough study of 574 titles, the study revealed that Business titles were averagely longer than those in the other two disciplines. In terms of title style, it was revealed that the Single Unit Title was extensively used in Gynaecology/Obstetrics and Law, while the Compound Unit Title dominated the Business titles. Syntactically, Noun Phrases extremely dominated the Single Unit Titles across the three domains. Detailed examination of the NP modifications showed that nominal titles which were both Pre and Post-modified were highly frequent in all the disciplines, which contrasts what is in the literature. The study also identified the Prepositional Phrase as the commonest structure used in post-modifying the nominal structures than using non-finite clauses in all the disciplines. Again, colon was the most predominant punctuation mark used in partitioning the Compound Unit Titles across the three disciplines, with Law recording the highest followed by Gynaecology/Obstetrics and Business. Lastly, the data exhibited high frequency of Domain-Specific words in the titles more than Research-Based words across the disciplines. This study provides useful information on the nature of effective RA titles to novice writers and advanced authors. It also informs the teaching of academic writing skills.
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Blackman, Allen, Leonardo Corral, Eirivelthon Santos Lima, and Gregory P. Asner. "Titling indigenous communities protects forests in the Peruvian Amazon." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 16 (2017): 4123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1603290114.
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Developing countries are increasingly decentralizing forest governance by granting indigenous groups and other local communities formal legal title to land. However, the effects of titling on forest cover are unclear. Rigorous analyses of titling campaigns are rare, and related theoretical and empirical research suggests that they could either stem or spur forest damage. We analyze such a campaign in the Peruvian Amazon, where more than 1,200 indigenous communities comprising some 11 million ha have been titled since the mid-1970s. We use community-level longitudinal data derived from high-resolution satellite images to estimate the effect of titling between 2002 and 2005 on contemporaneous forest clearing and disturbance. Our results indicate that titling reduces clearing by more than three-quarters and forest disturbance by roughly two-thirds in a 2-y window spanning the year title is awarded and the year afterward. These results suggest that awarding formal land titles to local communities can advance forest conservation.
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Keceli, Yavuz, and Abigail Wilson. "Content Specific Keyboard Layout Design for Smart Tv Applications." International Journal on Engineering, Science and Technology 6, no. 1 (2024): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.46328/ijonest.191.
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This research aims to propose a genetic algorithm based methodology to design optimum keyboard layout for video streaming applications designed for smart TVs. Users need to use the arrow buttons on their remote controls to type the title of the movie or the TV show they are searching for. We downloaded approximately 9 million movie and TV show titles from the Internet Movie Database (IMDB) website. After data preprocessing, we calculated the frequency of letter sequences in these titles and used genetic algorithms to determine the optimum keyboard layout that would minimize the total number of clicks required to type the title using arrow buttons on a remote control. The proposed keyboard layout is tested using the movie titles in IMBD Top 100 list and compared with standard QWERTY keyboard and three other keyboards in alphabetical order. It was confirmed that the proposed keyboard layout required fewer number of clicks than other keyboard layouts in 83 titles and tied with one of the other keyboards in 4 titles.
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Unger, Darlene, Phillip D. Rumrill, Jr., Richard T. Roessler, and Richard Stacklin. "A comparative analysis of employment discrimination complaints filed by people with multiple sclerosis and individuals with other disabilities." Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation 20, no. 3 (2004): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jvr-2004-00241.
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This article describes findings from an empirical investigation of the pattern of Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Title I complaints filed with the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) by people with multiple sclerosis (MS) in comparison to the pattern of ADA Title I complaints filed by all other people with disabilities since 1993. Chi square analyses revealed that people with MS are more likely than all other complainants to charge discrimination related to benefits, health insurance, demotion, reasonable accommodations, and the terms of employment. People with MS are less likely than other complainants to file ADA Title I complaints alleging unlawful discharge, harassment, and discriminatory hiring practices. Implications of these findings for vocational rehabilitation practice are presented.
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Rice, J. B. "Doppler imaging of stellar surfaces." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 176 (1996): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900083066.
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The process of recovering the geometric information encoded in the time varying line profiles of rotating stars to obtain maps or images of the surface features on those stars has come to be known in stellar astronomy by the title “Doppler imaging”, although other titles have been used. The principles of Doppler imaging are fairly well known, but the extent of application has been less than might have been expected given the ready availability now of the electronic detectors, the large telescopes and the computing power needed to undertake this sort of imaging.
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Willis, Edwin O., and Yoshika Oniki. "[NO TITLE AVAILABLE]." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 42, no. 9 (2002): 193–264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0031-10492002000900001.
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In uplands and lowlands of Santa Teresa, central Espírito Santo State, Brazil, 405 bird species were confirmed by field, museum, and literature studies. Of these, 16 seem to have disappeared, while 67 other species seem to have been lost from the lowlands (where no large biological reserves exist). Due to a suggestion that human areas add species to beta-diversity, we verified that up to 79 species now present have perhaps "invaded" with human activity (and 10 others are likely to invade), a total similar to that for lost species. However, lost species are often rare and invading species often widespread, resulting in exchange of "Picassos for Coca-Cola bottles." Furthermore, gains exceed losses only when large biological reserves are present, as in the uplands (Nova Lombardia, Santa Lúcia Reserves, each with over 250 species). Small or irregular reserves usually lose well over half their species, and these are only partly replaced by the invaders, resulting in net losses of up to half the local avifaunas. If one lists only 31 probable invaders, rather than a possible 79, things are even worse; net losses occur even in the entire township and near reserves, reaching over 200 species around lowland private reserves. Future "productive" development of human areas can eliminate or maltreat many invading species, too. While approving taxes on improductive use of land, as it leaves other areas free, we suggest that many current local "uses," such as for coffee, are "luxury" production and could be taxed.
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Whissell, Cynthia. "Titles in Highly Ranked Multidisciplinary Psychology Journals 1966–2011: More Words and Punctuation Marks Allow for the Communication of More Information." Psychological Reports 113, no. 3 (2013): 969–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/28.17.pr0.113x30z5.
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Titles of articles in seven highly ranked multidisciplinary psychology journals for every fifth year between 1966 and 2011 (inclusive) were studied in terms of title length, word length, punctuation density, and word pleasantness, activation, and concreteness (assessed by the Dictionary of Affect in Language). Titles grew longer (by three words) and were more frequently punctuated (by one colon or comma for every other article) between 1966 and 2011. This may reflect the increasing complexity of psychology and satisfy readers' requirements for more specific information. There were significant differences among journals (e.g., titles in the Annual Review of Psychology were scored by the Dictionary of Affect as the most pleasant, and those in Psychological Bulletin as the least pleasant) and among categories of journals (e.g., titles in review journals employed longer words than those in research or association journals). Differences were stable across time and were employed to successfully categorize titles from a validation sample.
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Kim, Hyunkyung. "The Titles of Monarchs in Medieval Japan." Korean Association For Japanese History 65 (December 31, 2024): 51–77. https://doi.org/10.24939/kjh.2024.12.65.51.
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In previous studies, it has been widely accepted that after the title tennō 天皇 first appeared for the Japanese monarch, it was no longer commonly used in the middle Heian period. However, this view is inaccurate because the distinction between titles for deceased or retired monarchs and those for reigning monarchs was not clearly made in those discussions. This paper analyzes the titles used by the nobility for the monarch after the middle Heian period, based on historical sources, and examines the differences in authority and roles associated with those titles. Titles such as tenshi 天子, tennō, and kōtei 皇帝, which had been prescribed in the ritsuryō 律令 codes, were already being used interchangeably by the 8th and 9th centuries. By examining the diaries of the nobility from the 10th to the 15th centuries, it is found that, in the 10th century, reigning monarchs were often referred to with terms like jō 上, kinjō 今上, and shujō 主上. In many diaries, shujō appears far more frequently than tennō. However, tennō also appears with considerable frequency in other diaries, so it would be incorrect to claim that the title tennō was never used, or was rarely used, during the medieval period. Examining several examples, it seems likely that the title tennō was used for the Japanese monarch in the sense of a formal, institutional figure overseeing state affairs and ceremonies, a role that has existed since ancient times. Expressions such as kōke or kuge 公家, kokuō 國王, and kokushu 国主 also emerged in the late ancient period and early medieval period, reflecting the monarch's role as a ruler. However, after the establishment of the Kamakura shogunate, the term kōke evolved to represent the aristocratic or non-military nobility, in contrast to the buke 武家 or jike 寺家. Terms like kokuō and kokushu began to be used more specifically to refer to the Emperor Emeritus or the de facto rulers, such as the Hōjō clan 北条氏, who held power in the shogunate. As a result, the title tennō continued to be used to refer to the monarch's abstract, fundamental role and position as the sovereign ruler.
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Hickey, Robin. "Stealing abandoned goods: possessory title in proceedings for theft." Legal Studies 26, no. 4 (2006): 584–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.2006.00031.x.
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Where it is accepted in proceedings for theft that ownership of the goods allegedly stolen had been abandoned at the time they were taken, criminal courts must make determinations about the possibility of any other prior title to those goods. If a conviction for theft of abandoned goods is to be safe, the court must find a proprietary right or interest in some person other than the relinquishing owner or the defendant. This paper reviews the criminal and civil law authorities on the problem of lost or abandoned goods, and argues for a uniform approach to resolving such questions of title using the ordinary common law rules of possession.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "(other than those in title)"
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Ferraro, Anthony. "Victims of more than just bias gender's influence on jury awards and other monetary benefits in workplace sexual harassment claims." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/551.
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The main objective in this research was to examine the extent to which gender and gender biases influence monetary benefits received, including jury award amounts, in workplace sexual harassment claims. Two methods were utilized to explore the discrepancies in monetary benefits received based on gender differences. The first method used was a survey to test various gender attitudes, attitudes on sexual harassment, and how influential a victim's gender was on determinations of damage award amounts in sexual harassment cases. 6 two-way factorial univariate between-subject analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were used to analyze the survey data. The second method in this project consisted of an examination of claims filed by victims of sexual harassment. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission statistics were broken down by gender with respect to resolution type. This provided a means to assess the actual monetary benefits received by both men and women across all possible forms of claim resolutions. In conjunction, these two methods provide a more balanced approach to the assessment of gender discrepancies in sexual harassment claims. Using a combination of actual claims of sexual harassment and survey data, rather than just one or the other, allows for direct comparison between perception and reality. The comparison of perception and reality allows for a more complete assessment of the state of sexual harassment claims as they relate to victim's gender. With a more complete assessment of sexual harassment claims and perceptions of sexual harassment it may be possible to bring to light potential injustices caused by gender or gender stereotyping, and correct any imbalances that may be present.<br>B.A. and B.S.<br>Bachelors<br>Health and Public Affairs<br>Legal Studies
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Chivonivoni, Tamuka. "Antimycobacterial treatment among children at start of antiretroviral treatment and antimycobacterial treatment after starting antiretroviral treatment among those who started antiretroviral treatment without antimycobacterial treatment at a tertiary antiretroviral paediatric clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3784_1360929496.
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<p>Background: Although clinicians encounter antimycobacterial treatment in Human mmunodeficiency (HIV)-infected children as one of the most common treatments coadministered with antiretroviral treatment (ART), quantitative data on the extent of antimycobacterial treatment among HIV-infected children at the time of commencement of ART and at different times during ART is scarce. The baseline risk factors associated with being on both ART and antimycobacterial treatments are not known and it remains to be elucidated how the different exposure factors impact on the antimycobacterial treatment-free survival of children who begin ART without antimycobacterial treatment.Objectives: To describe the prevalence of antimycobacterial treatment among children at the time of starting ART and the antimycobacterial treatment-free survival after starting ART. Design: A retrospective cohort study based on record reviews at the Harriet Shezi children&lsquo<br>s clinic (HSCC).Population: HIV-infected children less than fifteen years of age presumed ART naï<br>ve started on ART at HSCC.Analysis: A descriptive analysis of the prevalence of antimycobacterial treatment at time of start of ART was done. Kaplan Meier (KM) survival curves were used to determine the antimycobacterial treatment-free survival and logistic regression was used to analyze the association between baseline factors and future antimycobacterial treatment among children who had no antimycobacterial treatment at time of start of ART. Results: The prevalence of antimycobacterial treatment at the time of starting ART was 518/1941 (26.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 24.7-28.7). Among children who started ART without antimycobacterial treatment, the KM cumulative probability of antiretroviral and antimycobacterial (ART/antimycobacterial) co-treatment in the first 3 months of starting ART was 4.6% (95% CI: 4.1- 5.2), in the first 12 months it was 18.1% (95% CI: 17.0-19.2) and in the first 24 months of starting ART it was 24% (95% CI: 21.9-25.1). Survival analysis suggested that children with high baseline viral load, advanced World Health Organization (WHO) stage of disease, very low normalized weight for age (waz) and very young age (less than one year) at start of ART had significantly reduced antimycobacterial treatment-free survival (log rank p <<br>0.05) in the first two years of starting ART. In the logistic regression model, age less than one year {Odds ratio (OR): 3.7 (95% CI: 2.2-6.0<br>p <<br>0.0001)} and very low weight for age Z-score (waz <<br>-3) {OR<br>2.2 (95% CI: 1.4-3.6<br>p = 0.0015)} were the two critical risk factors independently associated with future antimycobacterial treatment. Conclusions: Antimycobacterial treatment is extremely common among HIV-infected children at the time of starting ART and early after starting ART and the incremental risk of being on ART/antimycobacterial co-treatment decreases with time on ART. The results emphasize the need for a heightened and careful alertness for mycobacterial events especially among children starting ART with severe malnutrition and those who start ART at age less than one year. The results further suggest that it is probably optimal to start ART in children before their nutritional status has deteriorated severely in the course of the HIV disease so that they get protection against mycobacterial events by early ART.</p>
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Ocampo, Mascaró Javier, Salazar Vera Jimena Silva, and Costa Bullón Abilio da. "Correlación entre conocimientos sobre consecuencias de la obesidad y grado de actividad física en universitarios." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/621624.
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Introducción. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar si existe correlación entre los conocimientos sobre las consecuencias de la obesidad y el grado de actividad física de las personas.
Métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico durante los años 2013 y 2014. Participaron 215 alumnos de pregrado seleccionados por conveniencia no relacionados a carreras del campo de la salud en una universidad de Lima, Perú. Se evaluó el grado de actividad física utilizando el International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) y el nivel de conocimientos sobre consecuencias de la obesidad utilizando la escala Obesity Risk Knowledge-10 (ORK-10). También, se consignó las fuentes de información de donde obtuvieron el conocimiento para responder dicho cuestionario.
Resultados. La mediana de edad fue 20 (rango intercuartílico=4) y 63% eran mujeres. De acuerdo al IPAQ, 53,9% realizaban actividad física alta, 35,4%, moderada y 10,7%, leve. Se encontró una correlación muy baja (rs=0,06) entre el puntaje del ORK-10 y la cantidad de equivalentes metabólicos/minuto consumidos por semana, pero no era significativa (p=0,38). Las personas informadas por medios de comunicación y por personal de salud obtuvieron mayores puntajes en el ORK- 10 que quienes se informaron por otras vías (p<0,05).
Conclusiones. La correlación entre los conocimientos sobre consecuencias de la obesidad y el grado de actividad física es muy baja. Es necesario utilizar enfoques
multidisciplinarios que incluyan todos los determinantes de la realización de actividad física para poder lograr cambios en la conducta de la población.
Books on the topic "(other than those in title)"
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Institution, British Standards. Methods of test for textiles [other than those methods already published as British Standards]. B.S.I., 1990.
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Affairs, United States Congress House Committee on Interior and Insular. Disclaiming any right, title, or interest of the United States in certain lands in the state of California which form a part of the right-of-way granted by the United States to the Southern Pacific Transportation Company, to declare that those lands have been abandoned by the railroad, and for other purposes: Report (to accompany H.R. 4039) (including the cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). U.S. G.P.O., 1988.
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Fothergill, Augusta B. Virginia tax payers, 1782-87: Other than those published by the United States Census Bureau. Genealogical Pub. Co., 1999.
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United States. Congress. House. A bill to amend title XI of the Social Security Act to restrict the use of physical and chemical restraints and seclusion in certain facilities receiving Medicare and Medicaid funds, to require recording and reporting of informatio on that use and on sentinel events occurring in those facilities, and for other purposes. U.S. G.P.O., 1999.
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US GOVERNMENT. Compilation of defense-related federal laws (other than Title 10, United States code): As amended through December 31, 1998. U.S. G.P.O., 1999.
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US GOVERNMENT. Compilation of defense-related federal laws (other than Title 10, United States code): As amended through December 31, 1996. U.S. G.P.O., 1996.
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US GOVERNMENT. Compilation of defense-related federal laws (other than Title 10, United States code): As amended through December 31, 2000. U.S. G.P.O., 2001.
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Office, General Accounting. Foster care: State agencies other than child welfare can access Title IV-E funds : report to congressional requesters / United States General Accounting Office. The Office, 1993.
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Commission of the European Communities. Draft second Commission directive concerning the obligatory indication on the labelling ofcertain foodstuffs of particulars other than those provided for in directive 79/112/EEC. The Commission, 1992.
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Communities, Commission of the European. Draft first Commission directive on the compulsory indication on the labelling of specified foodstuffs of particulars other than those provided for in directive 79/11/EEC. The Commission, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "(other than those in title)"
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Pedro, André, Jânio Monteiro, and António João Silva. "Role of the Hippocampal Formation in Navigation from a Simultaneous Location and Mapping Perspective." In Hippocampus - More Than Just Memory [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.110450.
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The research of the brain has led to many questions, with most of them still not having a definitive answer. One of those questions is about how the brain acts when we navigate a new space. Inside the Temporal Lobe’s Hippocampal structure, specific types of neurons and neuronal structures are responsible to identify spatial elements. To recognize spaces, these cells require data, which is obtained from the subject’s senses. It is important to understand how these features are captured, processed, encoded and how the Hippocampus, and its neighboring elements, use the information to help in the navigation and mapping of a place. A specific type of neurons seems to support an animals location and spatial mapping, on other areas of research, discrete global grid systems are used to increase the independence of the autonomous vehicles, allowing the indexing of assets across the globe by partitioning the earth into grids that take into account the heterogeneity of the scales of the associated geospatial data. In this context, the main objective of this chapter is to make an analysis about the biological and technical aspects of navigation by establishing a bridge between the Hippocampus and Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) methods.
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Cellek, Seda. "The Effect of Aspect on Landslide and Its Relationship with Other Parameters." In Landslides [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99389.
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Aspect is one of the parameters used in the preparation of landslide susceptibility maps. The procedure of this easily accessible and conclusive parameter is still a matter of debate in the literature. Each landslide area has its own morphological structure, so it is not possible to make a generalization for the aspect. In other words, there is no aspect in which landslides develop in particular. Generally, landslides occur in areas facing more than one direction. The biggest reason for this is that those areas are under the influence of other parameters. Therefore, it is wrong to evaluate the aspect, alone. Since it is a part of the system, it should be evaluated together with other conditioning factors. In this research, many landslides susceptibility studies have been investigated. The directions and causes of landslides have been determined from the studies. In addition, the criteria of the used aspect classes have been investigated. In the literature, the number of class intervals chosen, and their reasons were investigated, and the effects of this parameter were tried to be revealed in new sensitivity studies.
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Adedayo, Lawrence, Gideon Ojo, Samuel Umanah, Gideon Aitokhuehi, Ileri-Oluwa Emmanuel, and Olubayode Bamidele. "Hippocampus: Its Role in Relational Memory." In Hippocampus - More Than Just Memory [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.111478.
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Hippocampus is the region of the brain that is primarily associated with memory. The hippocampus, which is located in the inner (medial) region of the temporal lobe, forms part of the limbic system, which is important in regulating emotional responses. The hippocampus is thought to be principally involved in storing long-term memories and in making those memories resistant to forgetting, though this is a matter of debate. It is also thought to play an important role in spatial processing and navigation. Cholinergic system has implicated in the functionality of hippocampus interconnections with other neurons for efficient memory modulation. Pyramidal and globular cells are the main cells of the cornus ammonis and the dentate gyrus which is essential in relational memory consolidation. Acetylcholine is the main neurotransmitter implicated in encoding of memory in the hippocampus. There are diseases that are associated with hippocampus relational memory such as Alzheimer’s disease which is currently a global challenge. The hippocampus communicates with widespread regions of cortex through a group of highly interconnected brain regions in the medial temporal lobe. There is paucity of data on its role on relational memory. Therefore, the role of hippocampus in relational memory will be elucidated in this chapter.
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Shaikhul Hasan, Mohammad, Kanida Narattharaksha, Md Sazzad Hossain, and Nahar Afrin. "Stroke and Healthcare Facilities in Bangladesh and Other Developing Countries." In Post-Stroke Rehabilitation [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101915.
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Globally, healthcare systems are struggling to make a healthier citizen by dropping infectious and non-infectious diseases. South-east Asian countries have achieved several Millennium Development Goals (MDG) with the efforts of better health system management. For instance, in the year 2015, the healthcare system of Bangladesh has achieved the MDG-Four in reducing the infant mortality rate and growth rate. Even then, the life-threatening diseases still remain as a major challenge to the healthcare systems in Bangladesh. Among those, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the major cause of death, and stroke is the second leading NCD in accordance with causes of death and long-term disability in Bangladesh. The majority as 80% of stroke survivors are living with either minor or major physical, emotional, and cognitive disabilities. They could get back to their functional life through comprehensive rehabilitation services. Nevertheless, information on the availability of rehabilitation services is not visible to all citizens of Bangladesh. That’s why more than half of all stroke survivors are dying on their way to the hospital to seek health care facilities. Therefore, the aim of this literature review was to present a clear vision of the healthcare system and the path of care to all citizens of Bangladesh.
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"TITLES OF ANCIENT WORKS (OTHER THAN THOSE BY THEOPHRASTUS) REFERRED TO IN THE TEXTS." In Theophrastus of Eresus, Commentary Volume 3.1: Sources on Physics (Texts 137-223). BRILL, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004321045_022.
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"TITLES OF ANCIENT WORKS (OTHER THAN THOSE BY THEOPHRASTUS) REFERRED TO IN THE TEXTS." In Theophrastus of Eresus, Commentary Volume 4. BRILL, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004321069_015.
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Green, Reg. "The Results Are Positive for Both Sides in the Great Majority of Cases When Organ Donor Families and Their Recipients Decide to Communicate with Each Other, US Experience in Tens of Thousands of Cases Shows." In Bioethics [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93544.
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Many countries restrict the ability of organ donor families and their recipients to communicate with each other; many make it virtually impossible. These restrictions were made for the best of reasons, mainly because of fears that one side or the other might suffer psychological damage. In the United States, however, for more than 25 years, communication has been strongly encouraged if both parties want it and under conditions set by their medical advisers. In literally tens of thousands of cases, a great majority of those contacts, which can range from the exchange of anonymous letters to face-to-face meetings, have proved to be therapeutic for both sides and significant problems have been very rare. Indeed, it is the families who are kept apart who may suffer most. The author is an American journalist, whose seven-year old son was shot on a family vacation in Italy whose organs and corneas were donated there. He and his wife have met all seven recipients and everyone, he says, has benefited.
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Wajda, Łukasz, and Magdalena Januszek. "The Application of Solid State Fermentation for Obtaining Substances Useful in Healthcare." In Biomass [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94296.
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In the current review we summarised the research involving solid state fermentation (SSF) for the production of compounds that could be used in healthcare (terpenoids, polyphenols, fibrinolytic enzymes, mycophenolic acid and others). We described several groups of obtained agents which hold various activity: antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, anticoagulant and others (e.g. anticancer or anti-diabetic). It seems that especially terpenoids and polyphenols could be useful in that field, however, other substances such as enzymes and fatty acids play important role as well. We described main groups of microorganisms that are applied in SSF of those compounds, particularly Bacillus genus and fungi, and where possible provided information regarding genes involved in those processes. We also compared various approaches toward optimisation of SSF.
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Rick Viana Sampaio, Weslley, Petteson Linniker Carvalho Serra, Noelio Oliveira Dantas, Rômulo Ríbeiro Magalhães de Sousa, and Anielle Christine Almeida Silva. "Nanocomposites Thin Films: Manufacturing and Applications." In Nanocomposite Materials [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103961.
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Thin films of nanocomposite materials arouse a lot of interest due to their excellent mechanical, electrical, optical, tribological properties and also by the vast field of application. This chapter covers some techniques of thin films growth, such as the processes of physical vapor deposition, such as magnetron sputtering; the processes of chemical vapor deposition; layer-by-layer; among other techniques. Additionally, relevant features and applications of some nanocomposites thin films are presented. The wide variety of thin films growth techniques have allowed the development of several devices including those that act as: transistors, actuators, sensors, solar cells, devices with shape memory effect, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), thermoelectric devices.
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Omona, Kizito. "Bleeding." In Fibroids [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94079.
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Fibroid, also called leiomyomas, is common tumor of the uterus. Usually, women of reproductive age are at risk of getting it. However, majority of these women develop fibroid (s) by the age of 50 years. This condition usually causes painful and unpleasant symptoms such as; heavy bleeding, prolonged periods, inter-menstrual bleeding, abdominal pain and cramps, anemia, pelvic pain and pain during sexual intercourse, among others. Abnormal bleeding, such as bleeding that occurs with fibroids and heavy periods, often lasts more than 10 days per month. This fibroid symptom involves persistent bleeding between cycles, which can severely impact one’s quality of life. Abnormal bleeding, especially in fibroids, can be taken as missing three or more periods in a woman who had been having regular monthly period, or periods that last less than 21 days or more than 35 days apart from each other. Another indication of an abnormal period is bleeding through multiple pads and tampons in a short amount of time.
Conference papers on the topic "(other than those in title)"
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Kreuser, Richard T., Antoine Vanlaer, and Alexandre Damour. "A Novel Molluscicide, Corrosion Inhibitor, and Dispersant." In CORROSION 1997. NACE International, 1997. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1997-97409.
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Abstract The efficacy of filming amines as corrosion inhibitors and dispersants in steam systems is well-documented. A novel formulation retains these functions of traditional filming amines and adds molluscicide capability for controlling macrofouling in fresh water and sea water. Criteria for this development included low toxicity to mammals and to non-target aquatic species, rapid biodegradation, and multifunctionality. Low mammalian toxicity and lack of other hazards exempt it from reporting requirements under SARA Title 3. Toxicity (LC50) levels for rainbow trout and fathead minnow are higher than typical dosage rates. Biodegradation is rapid; half life is 22 hours in river water. By effectively dispersing slimes (along with biofilm, scale, and tubercles), it controls slimes without toxicity to biofilm organisms. As corrosion inhibitor, it reduces the open cell potential of metal surfaces by 50-200 millivolts and retards pitting and crevice corrosion. Its molluscicide activity gradually kills and disperses mussels, clams, and barnacles. The protective film, renewed by dosage for a brief period of time each day, proactively prevents scale and slime deposits and repels settling and adhesion by macrofouling species. Refinement of established technology has produced a multi-functional formulation that is safe to handle and has minimal impact on the environment.
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VİRİYEVİÇ, Vladan. "Yugoslav Diplomacy and Public on “The Hatay Question” (the Sanjak of Alexandretta) in the Period of 20s and 30s of the 20th Century." In 10. Uluslararası Atatürk Kongresi. Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Yayınları, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.51824/978-975-17-6044-9.23.
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The development of bilateral relations between the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (known as the Kingdom of Yugoslavia since 1929) and the Republic of Türkiye during the second half of the 20s and 30s of the 20th century was characterized by intensive rapprochement within all spheres – politics, economy, defense, education, culture etc. Owing to that very rapprochement diplomatic societies and the wider Yugoslav public carefully followed the events in Türkiye, considering internal as well as internal aspects. Atatürk's extensive reform activities as well as those performed by Turkish authorities concerning the establishment of neighbor relations with the surrounding, regarding pacific external politics that was promoted by the "Father of Turks", made Yugoslav daily papers and periodical publications full of written columns on this matter. "The Hatay Question" (the Sanjak of Iskenderun) together with "The Mosul Question" was one of the most important challenges of the young Turkish Republic's external politics in the constructive consideration of which the creators of the Yugoslav external politics were interested since it was the obstacle between France, the main Yugoslav external political support and Türkiye, its close ally with which it has been bound by contractual relation within Balkan Agreement since 1934. Therefore the reports of the Yugoslav Embassy in Ankara and the general consulate in Constantinople written to the superiors in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Belgrade very often consisted of information on "the Hatay Question". Yugoslav press also wrote on this matter, particularly those papers that had reporters in Türkiye. According to the unpublished archives of Yugoslav origin and articles in journals, the most important moments and processes regarding "the Hatay Question" will be analyzed chronologically as it is mentioned in the title, till 1940, namely its final solution, the realized demarcation of Türkiye and Syria in the region of the Sanjak of Iskenderun, while they regard the circumstances and the situation in Hatay, the relationship of Turks and Arabs, French-Turkish diplomatic complicated situations and tensions, the role of the League of Nations and other important international political factors (Great Britain, USSR, Italy, Germany) etc.
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Kelly, James C. "Heat Resistant Alloy Corrosion — More Problems than Solutions." In CORROSION 1991. NACE International, 1991. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1991-91166.
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Abstract High temperature corrosive environments include attack by oxygen, carbon, sulfur, molten salts and low melting metals. Practical materials solutions to some of these problems exist. In other cases, particularly those involving sulfur in low oxygen environments, and oxidizing molten chloride salts, existing materials of construction are not adequate. A number of high temperature failures, not all resolvable by materials selection, are discussed to illustrate these points.
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Hunyinbo, Seyide, Prince Azom, Amos Ben-Zvi, and Juliana Y. Leung. "Manuscript Title." In SPE Canadian Energy Technology Conference. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208962-ms.
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Abstract Field development planning and economic analysis require reliable forecasting of bitumen production. Forecasting at the field level may be done using reservoir simulations, type-curve analysis, and other (semi-)analytical techniques. Performing reservoir simulation is usually computationally expensive and the non-uniqueness of a history-matched solution leads to uncertainty in the model predictions and production forecasts. Analytical proxies, such as Butler's model and its various improvements, allow for sensitivity studies on input parameters and forecasting under multiple operational scenarios and geostatistical realizations to be conducted rather quickly, despite being less accurate than reservoir simulation. Similar to their reservoir simulation counterparts, proxy models can also be tuned or updated as more data are obtained. Type curves also facilitate efficient reservoir performance prediction; however, in practice, the performance of many SAGD well-pairs tends to deviate from a set of pre-defined type curves. Historical well data is a digital asset that can be utilized to develop machine learning or data-driven models for the purpose of production forecasting. These models involve lower computational effort compared to numerical simulators and offer better accuracy compared to proxy models based on Butler's equation. Furthermore, these data-driven models can be used for automated optimization, quantification of geological uncertainties, and "What If" scenario analysis. This paper presents a novel machine learning workflow that includes a predictive model development using the random forest algorithm, clustering, Bayesian updating, Monte Carlo sampling, and genetic algorithm for accurate forecasting of real-world SAGD injection and production data, and optimization. The training dataset involves field data that is typically available for a SAGD well-pair (e.g. operational data, geological, and well design parameters). Just as importantly, this machine learning workflow can update predictions in real-time, be applied for the quantification of the uncertainties associated with the forecasts, and optimize steam allocation, making it a practical tool for development planning and field-wide optimization. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first time that machine learning algorithms have been applied to a SAGD data set of this size.
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Amer ABD ALGABAR, Fatima, Batool Abd AL AMEER BAQER, and Lamiaa Saoud ABBOD. "MANUSCRIPT TITLE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOME VITAL SIGNS OF INFECTED PREGNANT WOMEN COVID-19 WITH THOSE OF NON - INFECTED PREGNANT WOMEN." In VII. INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESSOF PURE,APPLIEDANDTECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES. Rimar Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress7-2.
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While pregnant, the mother and fetus coexist, which is a unique physiological state.Disruption of maternal-fetal connection leads to diseases of pregnancy and the infant This study aims to present current developments that may help in the early detection of issues, highlight the difficulties in measuring vital signs accurately in pregnancy, and estimate typical ranges for maternal vital signs throughout pregnancy. Additionally, the study focuses on the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and unfavorable pregnancy outcomes. A higher risk of preeclampsia, premature birth, and other unfavorable pregnancy outcomes may be linked to COVID-19. The vital signs of Covid-19-contaminated expectant mothers, particularly respiration, pulse, and temperature, were found to differ significantly at p values of (0.0001*, 0.0001*, and 0.001*). The research demonstrated how Covid 19 affected expectant mothers who were at risk for preeclampsia, stillbirth, premature birth, and NICU hospitalization. It is believed that changes to vital indicators (Heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate)occur both during and right after pregnancy. especially when a pregnant woman contracts the Corona infection. With COVID-19, we seek to synthesize the body of research on changes in vital signs throughout pregnancy so that fresh centile charts could be made for every stage of pregnancy and the first few weeks following delivery.
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Winterstein, Steven R., Sverre Haver, Alok K. Jha, Borge Kvingedal, and Einar Nygaard. "Turkstra Profiles of North Sea Currents: Wider Than You’d Think." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49866.
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To design marine structures in deep water, currents must be modelled accurately as a function of depth. These models often take the form of T-year profiles, which assume the T-year extreme current speed occurs simultaneously at each depth. To better reflect the spatial correlation in the current speeds versus depth, we have recently introduced Turkstra current profiles. These assign the T-year speed at one depth, and “associated” speeds expected to occur simultaneously at other depths. Two essentially decoupled steps are required: (1) marginal analysis to estimate T-year extremes, and (2) some type of regression to find associated values. The result is a set of current profiles, each of which coincides with the T-year profile at a single depth and is reduced elsewhere. Our previous work with Turkstra profiles suggested that, when applied in an unbiased fashion, they could produce unconservative estimates of extreme loads. This is in direct contrast to the findings of Statoil, whose similar (“CCA”) current profiles have generally been found to yield conservative load estimates. This paper addresses this contradiction. In the process, we find considerable differences can arise in precisely how one performs steps 1 and 2 above. The net finding is to favor methods that properly emphasize the upper tails of the data—e.g., using peak-over-threshold (“POT”) data, and regression based on class means—rather than standard analyses that weigh all data equally. By applying such tail-sensitive methods to our dataset, we find the unconservative trend in Turkstra profiles to essentially vanish. For our data, these tail-fit results yield profiles with both larger marginal extremes, and broader profiles surrounding these extremes—hence the title of this paper.
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Simpson, Colin, Jessica Frawley, Lina Markauskaite, and Peter Goodyear. "Factors associated with edvisor perceptions of their work being understood and valued are not what they seem." In ASCILITE 2021: Back to the Future – ASCILITE ‘21. University of New England, Armidale, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14742/ascilite2021.0102.
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People sit at the heart of digital transformation in Higher Education. Often, they are ‘Third Space’ support staff, including Learning Designers, Education Technologists and Academic Developers, broadly defined here as ‘edvisors’ – educator-advisors. Edvisors share their expertise of pedagogy and technology to support, guide and lead change in teaching practices but they can be hampered by numerous factors that diminish their ability to contribute meaningfully. While the work that some types of edvisors – largely academic developers and learning designers – do is well represented in research, there has been little consideration of these underlying challenges. This paper reports on a survey of 58 edvisors in 24 Higher Education institutions in Australia relating to their perceptions of how their work is understood and valued by their direct managers, edvisors in other roles in their institution, academics and other managers in the institution. The data were analysed to look for variations by role type, job title, academic/professional classification, gender, and qualifications. Results show that edvisors feel their work is more valued than understood overall but relationships between different edvisor role types can be more fractious than those they have with academics. Improving understanding and valuing of edvisors is vital to their contribution to transformation.
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McDowell, Kaleb, and Harry J. Zywiol. "THE ARMY’S NEED FOR COGNITIVE ENGINEERING." In 2024 NDIA Michigan Chapter Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium. National Defense Industrial Association, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-3108.
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<title>ABSTRACT</title> <p>Imagine Soldiers reacting to an unpredictable, dynamic, stressful situation on the battlefield. How those Soldiers think about the information presented to them by the system or other Soldiers during this situation – and how well they translate that into thinking into effective behaviors – is critical to how well they perform. Importantly, those thought processes (i.e., cognition) interact with both external (e.g., the size of the enemy force, weather) and internal (e.g., ability to communicate, personality, fatigue level) factors. The complicated nature of these interactions can have dramatic and unexpected consequences, as is seen in the analysis of military and industrial disasters, such as the shooting down of Iran Air flight 655, or the partial core meltdown on Three Mile Island. In both cases, decision makers needed to interact with equipment and personnel in a stressful, dynamic, and uncertain environment. Similarly, the complex and dynamic nature of the contemporary operating environment faced by the United States Army makes it clear that mission performance depends on systems that are engineered to ensure that the complex systems of people and technology (i.e., sociotechnical systems) can sustain high levels of cognitive performance needed for succeed. This session overview highlights cognitive engineering and illustrates how modeling and simulation can address different aspects of this important field.</p>
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Hartman, Gregory D. "UTILIZING A STRUCTURED DECISION PROCESS FOR U.S. GOVERNMENT SOURCE SELECTIONS: CASE OF A COMBAT VEHICLE ENGINE." In 2024 NDIA Michigan Chapter Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium. National Defense Industrial Association, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-3769.
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<title>ABSTRACT</title> <p>U.S. Government procurement spending exceeds $500B annually. A request for proposal is one of the more common forms of solicitation, and source selection (SS) is the process for evaluating proposals submitted by contractors. The U.S. Department of Defense and the Army promulgate manuals and supplements that direct the SS process within those organizations. Those publications identify “trade-offs” as a preferred method for conducting a SS, and encourage the use of this process “when it may be in the best interest of the Government to consider award to other than the lowest-price offeror.” Under this process, cost and non-cost factors are evaluated and the contract is awarded to the offeror proposing the combination of factors that represents the best value based on the evaluation criteria. This case study will describe how a trade-off, or structured decision, process was used to support a U.S. Army SS by thoroughly evaluating multiple vendors and their proposals of a major subsystem for a major defense acquisition program. The purpose of this case study is not to focus solely on how to accomplish a trade-off, or execute a SS, but rather to share lessons-learned about how to address special situations encountered during a SS trade-off.</p> <p><bold>Citation:</bold> Hartman, G., “Utilizing a Structured Decision Process for U.S. Government Source Selections: Case of a Combat Vehicle Engine”, In <italic>Proceedings of the Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium</italic> (GVSETS), NDIA, Novi, MI, Aug. 13-15, 2019.</p>
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Addis, Rebecca. "TECHNICAL RISK ASSESSMENT: INCREASING THE VALUE OF TECHNOLOGY READINESS ASSESSMENT (TRA)." In 2024 NDIA Michigan Chapter Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium. National Defense Industrial Association, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-3345.
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<title>ABSTRACT</title> <p>As the Army focuses to modernize existing ground vehicle fleets and develop new ground vehicle platforms, Program Managers are faced with the challenge of how to best choose a set of technologies for the vehicle that will be mature, be able to be integrated onto the platform, and have the capability to meet defined requirements. To accomplish this, the Tank Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC) Systems Engineering Group (SEG) has championed the development of a methodology for executing Technical Risk Assessments, one of the components of the overall Risk Assessment. The Technical Risk Assessment activity determines critical technologies, assesses technology maturity, integration and manufacturing readiness, and identifies the associated technical risks of those critical technologies and other technologies of interest. A standardized set of criteria is being utilized by technology subject matter experts to perform the assessments, and has been used consistently across programs to achieve uniformity in results.</p>
Reports on the topic "(other than those in title)"
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Ferrell, Christopher E., David Reinke, John M. Eeels, and Matthew M. Schroeder. Defining and Measuring Equity in Public Transportation. Mineta Transporation Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2100.
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Transit should serve all users, regardless of age, race, ability, or any other identity. Policies and planning must be conscious of inequities when defining and measuring equity in public transportation. This study was done to aid the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) and the state’s transit agencies in assessing transit service equity and assisting with evaluating past, existing, and future inequities. This report identifies and evaluates policies and practices associated with equity measurement in public transit from extant academic and professional literature sources. These include the Federal laws and regulations addressing Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the measurement tools (i.e., metrics) that are used to identify and evaluate equity impacts related to transit benefits and costs. The report identifies a list of candidate metrics and applies them to a test case in Santa Cruz County, California, and compares their results to those generated by the metrics required by Title VI (race and income) for transit equity analysis. From this comparison, the study evaluated the need for new metrics in transit equity. Findings suggest that these traditional Title VI measures do not correlate well with other potential measures of inequity. Hence, transit inequity is a multifaceted problem with several potential different measures, each revealing an aspect of inequity. Caltrans and other transit-related agencies need to reach beyond these traditional measures, finding metrics that address the specific, context-appropriate equity conditions of the communities they are measuring to ensure fair and equal public transportation for all.
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Frost, Jennifer J., Nakeisha Blades, Ayana Douglas-Hall, et al. Publicly Supported Family Planning Services in the United States: Likely Need, Availability and Use, 2020. Guttmacher Institute, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1363/2025.300665.
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Key Points In 2020, nearly 42 million US women had a potential demand for contraceptive services and supplies, and 18.8 million were likely in need of public support for this care. Between 2010 and 2020, the number of women with a potential demand for contraceptive care rose steadily. The number of women who were likely in need of public support for this care rose 8% between 2010 and 2016 and then fell 9% between 2016 and 2020, shifts that generally mirror changes in the number of women living in poverty. As major components of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) were implemented, the number of women likely in need of public support for contraceptive services who had neither public nor private health insurance fell—from 5.8 million in 2010 to 3.6 million in 2016 and 3.0 million in 2020. States that implemented the ACA’s Medicaid expansion experienced particularly large declines in the numbers of women who were uninsured. The overall number of women receiving publicly supported contraceptive services also fell, from 8.9 million in 2010 to 7.2 million in 2020. This drop was due entirely to fewer women obtaining contraceptive care from publicly supported clinics. The number of women served by Title X–funded clinics fell over the decade, while the number of women served by clinics not receiving Title X rose dramatically. The Trump administration’s “domestic gag rule” and COVID-19 both contributed to large shifts in the publicly funded clinic network between 2015 and 2020. The combined impact of these events appears to have been greater on Title X–funded clinics than on other clinics.
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London, Jonathan. Vietnam’s Education System: How Coherent Is It for Learning? Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2023/131.
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The disappointing performance of education systems in developing countries in improving learning outcomes has spurred research aimed at establishing what features of education systems determine their effectiveness or failure in improving learning outcomes. There has been special interest in the challenge of making education systems more coherent for learning, i.e., developing systems in which accountability relations among stakeholders across key elements of education policy design support and sustain strong learning outcomes. In the emergent literature on the political economy of education, a great deal of attention has been directed at Vietnam, a lower-middle income country whose results on assessments of learning have been vastly higher than all other countries in its income group and have even surpassed learning assessment results of many OECD countries. This has led to a raft of research papers asking, “how did Vietnam do it?” Addressing this question, this paper explores Vietnam’s education system’s coherence for learning through an analysis of accountability relations across three key elements of education policy design — delegation, finance, and information. Our aim is to ascertain how features of these policy elements’ practice may variously support or undermine the Communist Party of Vietnam’s objective of promoting quality education and improved learning outcomes for all. The potentially surprising answer to the “how coherent” question posed in the title is, not really that much. Analysis finds that Vietnam’s education system remains weakly "coherent around learning" and is best understood as a “formal process compliant” system that, despite its many strengths, is nonetheless underperforming relative to its potential. The implications of this for efforts to enhance the system’s performance around learning are explored in brief.
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Lewis, Dustin, ed. A Compilation of Materials Apparently Reflective of States’ Views on International Legal Issues pertaining to the Use of Algorithmic and Data-reliant Socio-technical Systems in Armed Conflict. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/cawz3627.
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This document is a compilation of materials that at least appear to be reflective of one or more states’ views on international legal issues pertaining to the actual or possible use of algorithmic and data-reliant socio-technical systems in armed conflict. In September of 2018, the Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict (HLS PILAC) commenced a project titled “International Legal and Policy Dimensions of War Algorithms: Enduring and Emerging Concerns.”[1] The project builds on the program’s earlier research and policy initiative on war-algorithm accountability. A goal of the current project is to help strengthen international debate and inform policymaking on the ways that artificial intelligence and complex computer algorithms are transforming war, as well as how international legal and policy frameworks already govern, and might further regulate, the design, development, and use of those technologies. The project is financially supported by the Ethics and Governance of Artificial Intelligence Fund. In creating this compilation, HLS PILAC seeks in part to provide a resource through which the positions of states with divergent positions on certain matters potentially of international public concern can be identified. Legal aspects of war technologies are more complex than some governments, scholars, and advocates allow. In the view of HLS PILAC, knowledge of the legal issues requires awareness of the multiple standpoints from which these arguments are fashioned. An assumption underlying how we approach these inquiries is that an assessment concerning international law in this area ought to take into account the perspectives of as many states (in addition to other relevant actors) as possible.
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Das, Jishnu, Joanna Härmä, Lant Pritchett, and Jason Silberstein. Forum: Why and How the Public vs. Private Schooling Debate Needs to Change. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-misc_2023/12.
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“Are private schools better than public schools?” This ubiquitous debate in low- and middle-income countries is the wrong one to have. The foreword and three essays collected in this Forum each explore how to move past the stuck “public vs. private” binary. Jason Silberstein is a Research Fellow at RISE. His foreword is titled “A Shift in Perspective: Zooming Out from School Type and Bringing Neighborhood Education Systems into Focus.” It summarizes the current state of the “public vs. private” debate, outlines an alternative approach focused on neighborhood education systems, and then synthesizes key findings from the other essays. Jishnu Das has conducted decades of research on school systems in low-income countries, including in Zambia, India, and Pakistan. His essay is titled “The Emergence and Consequence of Schooling Markets.” It describes exactly what schooling markets look like in Pakistan, including the incredible variance in school quality in both public and private schools within the same village. Das then reviews the evidence on how to engineer local education markets to improve learning in all schools, including polices that have underdelivered (e.g., vouchers) and more promising policies (e.g., finance and information structured to take advantage of inter-school competition, and a focus on the lowest performing public schools). Das’ research on Pakistan is available through leaps.hks.harvard.edu, which also houses the data and documentation for the project. Lant Pritchett writes from a global lens grounded in his work on systems thinking in education. His essay is titled “Schooling Ain’t Just Learning: Controlling the Means of Producing Citizens.” It observes that governments supply, and families demand, education for many reasons. The academic emphasis on one of these reasons, producing student learning, has underweighted the critical importance of other features of education, in particular the socialization function of schooling, which more persuasively explain patterns of provision of both public school and different kinds of private schools. With this key fact in mind, Pritchett argues that there is a strong liberty case for allowing private schools, but that calls for governments to fund them are either uncompelling or “aggressively missing the point”. Joanna Härmä has done mixed-methods research on private schools across many cities and rural areas in sub-Saharan Africa and India, and has also founded a heavily-subsidized private school in Uttar Pradesh, India. Her essay responds to both Das and Pritchett and is titled “Why We Need to Stop Worrying About People’s Coping Mechanism for the ‘Global Learning Crisis’—Their Preference for Low-Fee Private Schools”. It outlines the different forces behind the rise of low-fee private schools and asserts that both the international development sector and governments have failed to usefully respond. Policy toward these private schools is sometimes overzealous, as seen in regulatory regimes that in practice are mostly used to extract bribes, and at other times overly solicitous, as seen in government subsidies that would usually be better spent improving the worst government schools. Perhaps, Härmä concludes, “we should leave well enough alone.”
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Adam, Gaelen P., Melinda Davies, Jerusha George, et al. Machine Learning Tools To (Semi-) Automate Evidence Synthesis. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2025. https://doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcwhitepapermachine.
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Introduction. Tools that leverage machine learning, a subset of artificial intelligence, are becoming increasingly important for conducting evidence synthesis as the volume and complexity of primary literature expands exponentially. In response, we have created a living rapid review and evidence map to understand existing research and identify available tools. Methods. We searched PubMed, Embase, and the ACM Digital Library from January 1, 2021, to April 3, 2024, for comparative studies, and identified older studies using the reference lists of existing evidence synthesis products (ESPs). We plan to update searches every 6 months. We included evaluations of machine learning or artificial intelligence tools to automate or semi-automate any stage of systematic review production. Two reviewers conducted title and abstract screening independently, with disagreements resolved through discussion or adjudication by a third reviewer. A single reviewer performed full-text screening and data extraction. We did not assess the quality of individual studies or the strength of evidence across studies. Extracted data included key characteristics of the tools (e.g., type of automation method, systematic review tasks automated), evaluation methods, and performance results (e.g., recall, measures of workload, accuracy, and the authors’ conclusions). The protocol was prospectively registered on the AHRQ website (https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/tools/protocol). Results. We included 56 studies, which evaluated the performance of tools primarily relative to standard human processes across various systematic review tasks. For search-related tools (7 studies), recall (the percent of relevant citations correctly identified) ranged from 0 to 97 percent (median 26%) compared to human-developed search strategies, while precision (the percent of identified citations that are relevant) ranged from 0 to 13.4 percent (median 4.3%). Tools designed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (6 studies) had recalls between 96 and 100 percent (median 98.5%), with precision ranging from 8 to 92 percent (median 44%), compared to either manual identification or PubMed’s “publication type” tags. Abstract screening tools (22 studies) had a median recall of 93 percent (range 1–100%) with human screening as the standard, while median burden reduction was 50 percent (range 1–93%), and median work saved over sampling to achieve 95 percent recall (WSS@95) was 54 percent (range 33–90%). Data extraction tools (9 studies) showed highly variable performance, with the percentage of data correctly extracted compared to manual extraction ranging from 0 to 99 percent (median 10%). Finally, tools used for risk of bias assessment (7 studies) showed modest agreement with human reviewers, with Cohen’s weighted kappa ranging from 0.11 to 0.48 (median 0.16). Discussion. Certain tools, particularly those for automatically identifying RCTs and prioritizing relevant abstracts in screening, show a high level of recall and precision, suggesting they are nearing widespread use with human oversight. However, other tools, such as those for searching and data extraction, show highly variable performance and are not yet reliable enough for semi-automation. This work revealed the importance of developing standardized evaluation frameworks for assessing the performance of machine learning and artificial intelligence tools in systematic review tasks. We did not assess the risk of bias or methodological quality of the included studies, which may affect the reliability and comparability of the reported performance outcomes. Additionally, the tools were evaluated in a variety of settings, tasks, and review questions, which introduces heterogeneity that makes direct comparisons across tools challenging. Lastly, the rapidly evolving nature of machine learning technologies means that our findings may quickly become outdated. Therefore, we have planned ongoing updates every 6 months.
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Moya, Ramiro. The Rental Market in Argentina: An Assessment Study. Inter-American Development Bank, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009071.
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This study analyzes the current situation of the rental market of Argentina. It is characterized by a growing percentage of households demanding houses for renting up to the point that, for first time in more than 50 years, the ownership rate dropped between population censuses. Tenants are middle and upper income families, as the poorest have increasingly owned and/or occupied substandard housing, sometimes without title. The lack of a mortgage market after 2001 explains the surge of the rental market. Given the increase in rents, some groups were more adversely affected. Other features affecting the supply and demand in this market are also analyzed.
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Frost, Jennifer J., Mia R. Zolna, Lori F. Frohwirth, et al. Publicly Supported Family Planning Services in the United States: Likely Need, Availability and Impact, 2016. Guttmacher Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1363/2019.30830.
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Key Points Key Points In 2016, 20.6 million U.S. women were likely in need of public support for contraceptive services and supplies. Between 2010 and 2016, the number of women likely in need of public support for contraceptive services and supplies rose 8% overall. Among women below 250% of federal poverty guidelines, there was a 12% increase; among adolescents, there was a 5% decline. Between 2013 and 2016, the number of women likely in need of public support for contraceptive services who had neither public nor private health insurance fell more than one-third (36%), from 5.6 million to 3.6 million. States that implemented the Affordable Care Act’s Medicaid expansion experienced particularly large declines. Between 2010 and 2016, the overall number of women receiving publicly supported contraceptive services remained stable at about nine million women. However, the number of women served by different types of providers shifted dramatically over this period. While Title X–funded sites continued to serve the largest segment of women receiving publicly supported care, their patient load fell by 25%, from 4.7 million in 2010 to 3.5 million in 2016. The number of contraceptive patients served by other public clinics that do not receive Title X funding rose by 29% and the number of women receiving Medicaid-funded contraceptive services from private providers rose by 19%. In 2016, women who obtained contraceptive services from all publicly supported providers were able to postpone or avoid two million pregnancies that they would have been unable to prevent without access to publicly supported care. Women who obtained contraceptives from Title X–funded clinics avoided 755,000 pregnancies. Screening and vaccination services provided at family planning visits with all publicly supported providers helped patients avoid more than 12,000 cases of pelvic inflammatory disease and nearly 2,000 cases of cervical cancer in 2016. More than 100,000 chlamydia infections, 18,000 gonorrhea infections and 800 cases of HIV were prevented among the partners of women obtaining publicly funded contraceptive care.
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Naude, Celeste. Are abortion procedures by nondoctor providers effective and safe? SUPPORT, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/1701132.
Full textAbstract:
Training midlevel providers (midwives, nurses, and other nondoctor providers) to conduct surgical aspiration abortions and manage medical abortions has been proposed as a way of increasing women’s access to safe abortion in developing countries. It is important to know if abortion procedures administered by midlevel providers are more or less effective and safe than those administered by doctors.
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Bravo, Gonzalo, María Fernanda Arriagada, Alejandra Fuentes, and Hector Ignacio Castellucci. Methodological considerations in the study of Perceived Discrimination at Work: A Scoping Review Protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0009.
Full textAbstract:
Review question / Objective:How has perceived discrimination been studied in a work context? Eligibility criteria: Participants: This review will consider those articles that have investigated perceived discrimination by workers and its association with health or occupational outcomes. Concept: The concept that guides this review is “perceived work discrimination”. Therefore, those studies where the term "perceived discrimination" is explicitly declared will be included, as well as those studies that do not explicitly declare the term, but through reading the methodology it is possible to verify that the workers were consulted if they felt discriminated against. Context: Only studies in occupational contexts will be included. Therefore, those studies in patients, students or in the general population will be excluded. Included studies will not be limited by sample location. In addition, those studies that are not original articles (reviews, congress presentations, books, etc.) and in languages other than English or Spanish will be excluded.