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1
Lawton, Carol A., Judith E. Owen Blakemore, and Lesa Rae Vartanian. "The New Meaning of Ms.: Single, But too Old for Miss." Psychology of Women Quarterly 27, no. 3 (2003): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-6402.00101.
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We examined understanding of the title Ms., in college students and individuals surveyed via the Internet. Participants were asked to define Ms. and other titles, and rate the likely marital status and age of those using the titles. While some participants indicated that Ms. was a title for women of any marital status, a common alternative definition of Ms. was a title for unmarried women. Younger participants (those under 20) were significantly more likely to use this definition. We also asked what title women preferred for themselves. Older unmarried women were more likely to prefer Ms. as their own title than were younger unmarried women, while married women overwhelmingly preferred the use of Mrs. Perhaps this is why many younger people assume that Ms. is a title for unmarried women too old to use Miss.
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Richard Appiah, Kingsley, Christopher Ankomah, Harrison Yaw Osei, and Timothy Hattoh-Ahiaduvor. "Structural Organisation of Research Article Titles: A Comparative Study of Titles of Business, Gynaecology and Law." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 10, no. 3 (2019): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.10n.3p.145.
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Since titles are gateways to the heart of research articles (RAs), their organisational structure should be regarded very crucial in appealing to the potential reader. This study aimed to investigate how titles of RAs are presented in three disciplines (Gynaecology/Obstetrics, Business, and Law). After a thorough study of 574 titles, the study revealed that Business titles were averagely longer than those in the other two disciplines. In terms of title style, it was revealed that the Single Unit Title was extensively used in Gynaecology/Obstetrics and Law, while the Compound Unit Title dominated the Business titles. Syntactically, Noun Phrases extremely dominated the Single Unit Titles across the three domains. Detailed examination of the NP modifications showed that nominal titles which were both Pre and Post-modified were highly frequent in all the disciplines, which contrasts what is in the literature. The study also identified the Prepositional Phrase as the commonest structure used in post-modifying the nominal structures than using non-finite clauses in all the disciplines. Again, colon was the most predominant punctuation mark used in partitioning the Compound Unit Titles across the three disciplines, with Law recording the highest followed by Gynaecology/Obstetrics and Business. Lastly, the data exhibited high frequency of Domain-Specific words in the titles more than Research-Based words across the disciplines. This study provides useful information on the nature of effective RA titles to novice writers and advanced authors. It also informs the teaching of academic writing skills.
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Blackman, Allen, Leonardo Corral, Eirivelthon Santos Lima, and Gregory P. Asner. "Titling indigenous communities protects forests in the Peruvian Amazon." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 16 (2017): 4123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1603290114.
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Developing countries are increasingly decentralizing forest governance by granting indigenous groups and other local communities formal legal title to land. However, the effects of titling on forest cover are unclear. Rigorous analyses of titling campaigns are rare, and related theoretical and empirical research suggests that they could either stem or spur forest damage. We analyze such a campaign in the Peruvian Amazon, where more than 1,200 indigenous communities comprising some 11 million ha have been titled since the mid-1970s. We use community-level longitudinal data derived from high-resolution satellite images to estimate the effect of titling between 2002 and 2005 on contemporaneous forest clearing and disturbance. Our results indicate that titling reduces clearing by more than three-quarters and forest disturbance by roughly two-thirds in a 2-y window spanning the year title is awarded and the year afterward. These results suggest that awarding formal land titles to local communities can advance forest conservation.
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Keceli, Yavuz, and Abigail Wilson. "Content Specific Keyboard Layout Design for Smart Tv Applications." International Journal on Engineering, Science and Technology 6, no. 1 (2024): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.46328/ijonest.191.
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This research aims to propose a genetic algorithm based methodology to design optimum keyboard layout for video streaming applications designed for smart TVs. Users need to use the arrow buttons on their remote controls to type the title of the movie or the TV show they are searching for. We downloaded approximately 9 million movie and TV show titles from the Internet Movie Database (IMDB) website. After data preprocessing, we calculated the frequency of letter sequences in these titles and used genetic algorithms to determine the optimum keyboard layout that would minimize the total number of clicks required to type the title using arrow buttons on a remote control. The proposed keyboard layout is tested using the movie titles in IMBD Top 100 list and compared with standard QWERTY keyboard and three other keyboards in alphabetical order. It was confirmed that the proposed keyboard layout required fewer number of clicks than other keyboard layouts in 83 titles and tied with one of the other keyboards in 4 titles.
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Unger, Darlene, Phillip D. Rumrill, Jr., Richard T. Roessler, and Richard Stacklin. "A comparative analysis of employment discrimination complaints filed by people with multiple sclerosis and individuals with other disabilities." Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation 20, no. 3 (2004): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jvr-2004-00241.
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This article describes findings from an empirical investigation of the pattern of Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Title I complaints filed with the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) by people with multiple sclerosis (MS) in comparison to the pattern of ADA Title I complaints filed by all other people with disabilities since 1993. Chi square analyses revealed that people with MS are more likely than all other complainants to charge discrimination related to benefits, health insurance, demotion, reasonable accommodations, and the terms of employment. People with MS are less likely than other complainants to file ADA Title I complaints alleging unlawful discharge, harassment, and discriminatory hiring practices. Implications of these findings for vocational rehabilitation practice are presented.
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Rice, J. B. "Doppler imaging of stellar surfaces." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 176 (1996): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900083066.
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The process of recovering the geometric information encoded in the time varying line profiles of rotating stars to obtain maps or images of the surface features on those stars has come to be known in stellar astronomy by the title “Doppler imaging”, although other titles have been used. The principles of Doppler imaging are fairly well known, but the extent of application has been less than might have been expected given the ready availability now of the electronic detectors, the large telescopes and the computing power needed to undertake this sort of imaging.
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Willis, Edwin O., and Yoshika Oniki. "[NO TITLE AVAILABLE]." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 42, no. 9 (2002): 193–264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0031-10492002000900001.
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In uplands and lowlands of Santa Teresa, central Espírito Santo State, Brazil, 405 bird species were confirmed by field, museum, and literature studies. Of these, 16 seem to have disappeared, while 67 other species seem to have been lost from the lowlands (where no large biological reserves exist). Due to a suggestion that human areas add species to beta-diversity, we verified that up to 79 species now present have perhaps "invaded" with human activity (and 10 others are likely to invade), a total similar to that for lost species. However, lost species are often rare and invading species often widespread, resulting in exchange of "Picassos for Coca-Cola bottles." Furthermore, gains exceed losses only when large biological reserves are present, as in the uplands (Nova Lombardia, Santa Lúcia Reserves, each with over 250 species). Small or irregular reserves usually lose well over half their species, and these are only partly replaced by the invaders, resulting in net losses of up to half the local avifaunas. If one lists only 31 probable invaders, rather than a possible 79, things are even worse; net losses occur even in the entire township and near reserves, reaching over 200 species around lowland private reserves. Future "productive" development of human areas can eliminate or maltreat many invading species, too. While approving taxes on improductive use of land, as it leaves other areas free, we suggest that many current local "uses," such as for coffee, are "luxury" production and could be taxed.
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Whissell, Cynthia. "Titles in Highly Ranked Multidisciplinary Psychology Journals 1966–2011: More Words and Punctuation Marks Allow for the Communication of More Information." Psychological Reports 113, no. 3 (2013): 969–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/28.17.pr0.113x30z5.
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Titles of articles in seven highly ranked multidisciplinary psychology journals for every fifth year between 1966 and 2011 (inclusive) were studied in terms of title length, word length, punctuation density, and word pleasantness, activation, and concreteness (assessed by the Dictionary of Affect in Language). Titles grew longer (by three words) and were more frequently punctuated (by one colon or comma for every other article) between 1966 and 2011. This may reflect the increasing complexity of psychology and satisfy readers' requirements for more specific information. There were significant differences among journals (e.g., titles in the Annual Review of Psychology were scored by the Dictionary of Affect as the most pleasant, and those in Psychological Bulletin as the least pleasant) and among categories of journals (e.g., titles in review journals employed longer words than those in research or association journals). Differences were stable across time and were employed to successfully categorize titles from a validation sample.
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Kim, Hyunkyung. "The Titles of Monarchs in Medieval Japan." Korean Association For Japanese History 65 (December 31, 2024): 51–77. https://doi.org/10.24939/kjh.2024.12.65.51.
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In previous studies, it has been widely accepted that after the title tennō 天皇 first appeared for the Japanese monarch, it was no longer commonly used in the middle Heian period. However, this view is inaccurate because the distinction between titles for deceased or retired monarchs and those for reigning monarchs was not clearly made in those discussions. This paper analyzes the titles used by the nobility for the monarch after the middle Heian period, based on historical sources, and examines the differences in authority and roles associated with those titles. Titles such as tenshi 天子, tennō, and kōtei 皇帝, which had been prescribed in the ritsuryō 律令 codes, were already being used interchangeably by the 8th and 9th centuries. By examining the diaries of the nobility from the 10th to the 15th centuries, it is found that, in the 10th century, reigning monarchs were often referred to with terms like jō 上, kinjō 今上, and shujō 主上. In many diaries, shujō appears far more frequently than tennō. However, tennō also appears with considerable frequency in other diaries, so it would be incorrect to claim that the title tennō was never used, or was rarely used, during the medieval period. Examining several examples, it seems likely that the title tennō was used for the Japanese monarch in the sense of a formal, institutional figure overseeing state affairs and ceremonies, a role that has existed since ancient times. Expressions such as kōke or kuge 公家, kokuō 國王, and kokushu 国主 also emerged in the late ancient period and early medieval period, reflecting the monarch's role as a ruler. However, after the establishment of the Kamakura shogunate, the term kōke evolved to represent the aristocratic or non-military nobility, in contrast to the buke 武家 or jike 寺家. Terms like kokuō and kokushu began to be used more specifically to refer to the Emperor Emeritus or the de facto rulers, such as the Hōjō clan 北条氏, who held power in the shogunate. As a result, the title tennō continued to be used to refer to the monarch's abstract, fundamental role and position as the sovereign ruler.
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Hickey, Robin. "Stealing abandoned goods: possessory title in proceedings for theft." Legal Studies 26, no. 4 (2006): 584–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.2006.00031.x.
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Where it is accepted in proceedings for theft that ownership of the goods allegedly stolen had been abandoned at the time they were taken, criminal courts must make determinations about the possibility of any other prior title to those goods. If a conviction for theft of abandoned goods is to be safe, the court must find a proprietary right or interest in some person other than the relinquishing owner or the defendant. This paper reviews the criminal and civil law authorities on the problem of lost or abandoned goods, and argues for a uniform approach to resolving such questions of title using the ordinary common law rules of possession.
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Aihara, Takato, Tomoaki Toyone, Yasuaki Murata, Kazuhide Inage, Makoto Urushibara, and Juntaro Ouchi. "Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis with Spinal Stenosis: A Comparative Study of 5-Year Outcomes Following Decompression with Fusion and Microendoscopic Decompression." Asian Spine Journal 12, no. 1 (2018): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4184/asj.2018.12.1.132.
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<sec><title>Study Design</title><p>Retrospective review of prospectively collected outcome data.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>To compare 5-year outcomes following decompression with fusion (FU) and microendoscopic decompression (MED) in patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS) and to define surgical indication limitations regarding the use of MED for this condition.</p></sec><sec><title>Overview of Literature</title><p>There have been no comparative studies on mid- or long-term outcomes following FU and MED for patients with DLS.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Forty-one consecutive patients with DLS were surgically treated. Sixteen patients first underwent FU (FU group), and 25 then underwent MED (MED group). The 5-year clinical outcomes following the two surgical methods were compared using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The degree of improvement (DOI) for social life function was significantly greater in the MED group than in the FU group. Although not statistically significant, DOIs for the other four functional scores were also greater in the MED group than in the FU group. However, patients with a large percentage of slippage in the neutral position might experience limited improvement in low back pain, those with a large percentage of slippage at maximal extension might experience limited improvement in three functional scores, and those with a small intervertebral angle at maximal flexion might have limited improvement in three functional scores after MED for DLS. Therefore, we statistically compared the DOIs between the FU and MED groups regarding the preoperative percentage of slippage in the neutral position among patients with greater than 20% slippage, the preoperative percentage of slippage at maximal extension among patients with greater than 15% slippage, and the intervertebral angle at flexion among patients with angles lesser than −5°; however, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>MED is a useful minimally invasive surgical procedure that possibly offers better clinical outcomes than FU for DLS.</p></sec>
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Unger, Darlene D., Phillip D. Rumrill, and Mary L. Hennessey. "Resolutions of ADA Title I Cases Involving People who are Visually Impaired: A Comparative Analysis." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 99, no. 8 (2005): 453–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x0509900802.
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A comparison of Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Title I case resolutions by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) involving people who are visually impaired with those involving all other people with disabilities between 1993 and 2002 revealed that people who are visually impaired are more likely than are other complainants to receive settlement benefits from their employers, to withdraw their complaints after they receive benefits without intercession from the EEOC, and to receive administrative closures. In addition, they are less likely than other complainants to have charges resolved by the issuance of a right-to-sue letter from the EEOC and to receive other closures.
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Casey, Bryan. "Title 2.0: Discrimination Law in a Data-Driven Society." Journal of Law and Mobility 2019 (2019): 36–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36635/jlm.2019.title.
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More than a quarter century after civil rights activists pioneered America’s first ridesharing network, the connections between transportation, innovation, and discrimination are again on full display. Industry leaders such as Uber, Amazon, and Waze have garnered widespread acclaim for successfully combatting stubbornly persistent barriers to transportation. But alongside this well-deserved praise has come a new set of concerns. Indeed, a growing number of studies have uncovered troubling racial disparities in wait times, ride cancellation rates, and service availability in companies including Uber, Lyft, Task Rabbit, Grubhub, and Amazon Delivery. Surveying the methodologies employed by these studies reveals a subtle, but vitally important, commonality. All of them measure discrimination at a statistical level, not an individual one. As a structural matter, this isn’t coincidental. As America transitions to an increasingly algorithmic society, all signs now suggest we are leaving traditional brick and-mortar establishments behind for a new breed of data-driven ones. Discrimination, in other words, is going digital. And when it does, it will manifest itself—almost by definition—at a macroscopic scale. Why does this matter? Because not all of our civil rights laws cognize statistically-based discrimination claims. And as it so happens, Title II could be among them. This piece discusses the implications of this doctrinal uncertainty in a world where statistically-based claims are likely to be pressed against data-driven establishments with increasing regularity. Its goals are twofold. First, it seeks to build upon adjacent scholarship by fleshing out the specific structural features of emerging business models that will make Title II’s cognizance of “disparate effect” claims so urgent. In doing so, it argues that it is not the “platform economy,” per se, that poses an existential threat to the statute but something deeper. The true threat, to borrow Lawrence Lessig’s framing, is architectural in nature. It is the algorithms underlying “platform economy businesses” that are of greatest doctrinal concern—regardless of whether such businesses operate inside the platform economy or outside it. Second, this essay joins others in calling for policy reforms focused on modernizing our civil rights canon. It argues that our transition from the “Internet Society” to the “Algorithmic Society” will demand that Title II receive a doctrinal update. If it is to remain relevant in the years and decades ahead, Title II must become Title 2.0.
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Conyers, Liza, Darlene Unger, and Phillip D. Rumrill, Jr. "A comparison of equal employment opportunity commission case resolution patterns of people with HIV/AIDS and other disabilities." Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation 22, no. 3 (2005): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jvr-2005-00285.
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This article describes findings from an empirical investigation of the pattern of Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Title I case resolutions by the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) involving people with HIV/AIDS (n = 2,078) in comparison to the pattern of ADA Title I case resolutions involving all other people with disabilities between 1993 and 2002 (n = 187,684). Chi-square analysis revealed that people with HIV/AIDS are significantly more likely than other complainants to receive settlement benefits from their employers, to have their cases resolved with findings of reasonable cause, and to have their cases closed administratively by the EEOC. People with HIV/AIDS are less likely than other complainants to have charges resolved with a finding of no reasonable cause and to have their complaints resolved via other closures. Implications of these findings for vocational rehabilitation practice are presented.
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Hughes, Michael J. "Comics Plus." Charleston Advisor 23, no. 2 (2021): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5260/chara.23.2.8.
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Comics Plus offers subscribers a digital library of comics, manga, and graphic novels licensed from more than 100 different publishers, including such indie gems as IDW, Boom Studios, Dark Horse, and Kodansha Comics. Its all-access package includes more than 20,000 titles, about 14,000 of which are appropriate for K-12 readers. Granular title control gives admins the power to customize Comics Plus to suit the readers they serve. But some titles aren't included at all, namely the best-selling books of the industry's top players. Comics Plus may someday persuade these publishers‐‐Marvel, DC, Image, and VIZ Media‐‐to play ball. Until then, most librarians will need to supplement Comics Plus with other methods of acquisition.
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Rush, Christine L., and J. Edward Kellough. "Knowledge of Federal EEO Law Among County Administrators and Department Heads." Review of Public Personnel Administration 37, no. 1 (2016): 59–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734371x15616168.
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This article reports the results of a survey designed to assess the extent to which public administrators are knowledgeable of federal Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) law. Findings suggest that there is significant variation among county administrators and department heads in their levels of knowledge, and that they are more familiar with Title VII of the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 than they are with other laws examined. Those who have had employment law training, who hold a Master of Public Administration (MPA) degree, and who serve as human resources directors are more knowledgeable than others. Female administrators are more knowledgeable in some aspects of the law than their male counterparts.
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Vickery, E. J. "THE NEGOTIATED PRICE OF CERTAINTY—RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN NATIVE TITLE AGREEMENTS AFFECTING THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY." APPEA Journal 44, no. 1 (2004): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj03039.
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Development of Native Title agreements for Petroleum continues in parallel with the release of Court decisions on the law of Native Title. Negotiated agreements for three bidding rounds in the South Australian region of the Cooper Basin are now concluded, with exploration underway there and some new commercial production.These agreements were negotiated under the Commonwealth Native Title Act’s ‘Right to Negotiate’. Agreed resolutions are virtually demanded by the competing tensions within the legislative machinery. The need for conjunctivity of title from the exploration to the development stages is now understood and has become accepted by advocates for Native Title claimants. Recent court decisions would appear to ease the path for applications to the National Native Title Tribunal where negotiations fail to reach agreement, expanding the range of strategies open to Petroleum explorers seeking new title grants.Small negotiating teams facilitated progress. Despite a long first negotiation, subsequent negotiations have developed from that experience to form an efficient and cost-effective model which has now been replicated for more than 35 agreements conjunctive for all phases of activity. All those agreements address the key issues of title grants, both initially and consequently upon discoveries, Aboriginal heritage inspections and accommodation, including practical aides of indicative timelines and budgets for the latter, and compensation. Adaptation of these agreements is beginning in other parts of Australia. The temptation of Native Title advocates to test the envelope, however, must be expected with each new negotiation. Contrastingly, both the industry and state government agencies are seeking stabilisation of the terms of negotiated agreements to see how they will work in practice.This paper describes the key terms and temptations encountered so far in this evolving dynamic.
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Rumrill, Jr., Phillip D., Richard T. Roessler, Darlene Unger, and Courtney V. Vierstra. "Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act and Equal Employment Opportunity Commission case resolution patterns involving people with multiple sclerosis." Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation 20, no. 3 (2004): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jvr-2004-00242.
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This article describes findings from an empirical investigation of the pattern of Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Title I case resolutions by the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) involving people with multiple sclerosis (MS) in comparison to the pattern of ADA Title I case resolutions involving all other people with disabilities since 1993. Chi-square analysis revealed that people with MS are more likely than all other complainants to have charges resolved with the issuance of a right to sue letter. People with MS are less likely than other complainants to have charges resolved via administrative closures. Implications of these findings for vocational rehabilitation practice are presented.
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Lied, Liv Ingeborg, Marianne Bjelland Kartzow, and Esther Brownsmith. "Books known only by title." Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha 32, no. 4 (2023): 303–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09518207231161736.
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This special issue of the Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha aims to introduce the concept of “books known only by title” as a fruitful new focus of research in the larger field of first-millennium Jewish and Christian literatures. Books known only by title are named literary objects known only through the medium of other writings, surviving neither as extant documents nor as excerpts or quotations of any substantial length. Still, these books are far more than “lost,” “false,” or “forged”: they were vital components of the first millennium literary imagination. This introductory essay provides a conceptual and methodological framework for the study of this hitherto unexplored phenomenon and offers an initial overview of key functions of books known only by title in book lists and literary texts.
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Zainab Raad Ahmad Al-Hamdani and Hussein Mirzaei Nia. "The Problem of Paradox and its Manifestations: A Study in the Titles of Najm Wali's Novels." Journal of the College of Education for Women 34, no. 3 (2023): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36231/coedw.v34i3.1681.
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The irony pushes us to inquire about what is in the text of contradiction, irony, suspense, and other acts of paradox, as well as a departure from what is logical, or familiar, that attracts the attention of the addressee, and this is what drives us to introspect the text and interrogate it in order to get to know the intended product of the text or its real or metaphorical intent. On the other hand, the irony is more in the literary text than in the scientific texts. Therefore, critics add the word literature to it in their definition.
 As it is represented by the paradox, we will seek to study the paradox of the title and the problematic that it may pose as the beginning of the text, and it expresses to us what is in the title of semantic overlap and existential contradiction or implicit (non-declared) with the main text or even a reference to it. From this point of view, we note that Najm Wali, as one of the most prominent Iraqi novelists who seeks to present a different and heterogeneous literature and benefits from the feature _Grebe_, especially the paradox, used titles for his novels that bear the characteristic of his paradoxes in most of them. In this study, we aim to analyze what is in these titles of irony in all its forms, based on the descriptive analytical approach. Through the following two axes:
 A: The theoretical dimension: This is an affirmation of what is related to the literary paradox, the paradox of the title, and the star of Wali in terms of definition, definition, and analysis.
 B: The logical dimension: This is concerned with applying literary irony to Najm Wali’s titles, such as: “The Hill of Lahm,” “The War in the Tarab Neighborhood,” “The Picture of Joseph,” and “A Place Called Kumait.”
 One of the results obtained by this study is that Najm Wali used the technique of title paradox, as a desire to draw the attention of the recipient to what is going on in his Iraqi society from the bitter reality, and on the other hand, he tried to reconcile the title and the cover, and to employ irony in all its forms with the main text for the same goal as well.
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de Vries, G., J. P. Guthmann, B. Häcker, et al. "TB among refugees from Ukraine in European countries." IJTLD OPEN 1, no. 4 (2024): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtldopen.24.0062.
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<sec id="st1"><title>BACKGROUND</title>Since the Russian Federation’s invasion of Ukraine, millions of refugees have moved to neighbouring European countries. We assessed the burden of TB in these refugees and surveyed screening approaches.</sec><sec id="st2"><title>METHODS</title>We conducted a survey among 30 European Union/European Economic Area and 13 other European countries, requesting population data on migrant residents and refugees with country of birth (COB) Ukraine, the number of TB notifications among people with COB Ukraine and countries’ screening policies for refugees from Ukraine.</sec><sec id="st3"><title>RESULTS</title>In 2021, the number of migrants born in Ukraine was 1.7 million in the 34 responding countries, and increased with 5.2 million refugees from Ukraine to 6.9 million in 2022. These countries notified 207 TB cases in people with COB Ukraine in 2021 (TB notification rate 12.0/100,000) and 887 in 2022 (TB notification rate 12.8/100,000), of which 228 (26%) had multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB). TB notification rates were higher in countries advising screening for all (16.9/100,000) or specific groups of refugees from Ukraine (14.7/100,000) compared to those without screening (7.2/100,000).</sec><sec id="st4"><title>CONCLUSION</title>TB rates found in people from Ukraine were lower than the expected rate of 44 per 100,000, but higher in host countries recommending screening. Our study underscores the need for adequate TB health services for refugees from Ukraine to ensure tailored diagnosis and treatment, especially for MDR/RR-TB.</sec>
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KOZMIN, Mykhailo, and Yuliia KUZMENKO. "Peculiarities of film titles translation from Korean and Japanese: lexical-semantic and structural aspects." Linguistic and Conceptual Views of the World, no. 77 (1) (2025): 70–85. https://doi.org/10.17721/2520-6397.2025.1.04.
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Background. In today’s world, intercultural dialogue with other countries is actively developing and being realized through many forms of art. These include various literary works, multi-genre music, and a huge amount of audiovisual material, among which movies and TV series occupy an honorable place. Asian TV series (“doramas”) are one of the most popular in the world nowadays. Having started their journey in Korea, Japan, and China, they have spread throughout Asia, the United States, Europe, and even Africa over the past decade. Eastern cinema has not bypassed Ukraine either. Nowadays, many people in Ukraine enjoy watching Korean and Japanese films and TV series, learning about the mysterious culture of the East through them, and fan-sub groups are actively developing, translating and posting Asian films and TV series on thematic pages. In this regard, the issue of high-quality translation and adaptation of oriental films and TV series into Ukrainian is seen as an important aspect of further development of Oriental studies in Ukraine, popularization of the above-mentioned Far-Eastern cultures in Ukraine, and will also contribute to the deepening of intercultural exchange between our countries. Methods. The following methods were used in the course of the research: search, analytical, classification, and generalization. Results. The article examines the specifics of translating titles of films and TV series from Korean and Japanese on the basis of film titles selected from Ukrainian websites and other streaming platforms. The article discusses and traces the classification of different types of titles by structure, strategies and methods of their translation. The most common mistakes in the translation of titles and the reasons for their occurrence are analyzed. The author concludes that an accurate, complete translation of the title of a film product involves preserving all the functional and pragmatic features of the original in the language of the potential audience. However, more often than not, retaining an attractive title is a priority for distribution. Accordingly, the final title of a project does not always depend on the translator and can be reworked by distributors for the sake of marketing. Conclusions. It was found that the main approaches to translating film and TV series titles are the following strategies: descriptive translation, literal or direct translation, transcoding, transformation, genre translation, and semantic translation. The most common mistakes in the translation of film titles from Korean and Japanese into Ukrainian are due to the translator’s lack of background knowledge, ignoring allusions and other hidden elements in the original text, due to the inability to identify the stylistic features of the original title, violation of the norms of phonetics and readability, and mistakes when the title of a film or series does not correspond to its content.
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Wang, Haiyan, Colin Sparks, and Huang Yu. "Popular journalism in China: A study of China Youth Daily." Journalism 19, no. 9-10 (2017): 1203–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884917691987.
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It is commonly stated that the press in China can be divided into two main categories, the party-oriented official press and the market-oriented commercial press. This article examines an official paper, China Youth Daily, which is a central organ of the Communist Youth League of China. The findings of a content analysis demonstrate that this title differs significantly from other central official titles, like People’s Daily, but also from commercial papers, like Southern Metropolis Daily. While China Youth Daily’s journalism is close to the official pole in the amount of propaganda-related material it covers, it also has a greater emphasis on watchdog journalism than does People’s Daily. It places a much greater emphasis on infotainment than do either of the official and commercial poles. It is more likely to use journalistic techniques like sensationalism and the revelation of personal details than are the other titles analysed. These findings lead to the conclusion that the bi-polar characterization of the Chinese press requires modification. At least one prominent national title is best described as ‘popular official’ media. One of the main features of this kind of journalism is that it presents the party and business elite in a human light and thus constitutes a renewal of the repertoire of hegemonic devices at the party’s disposal. What is certainly the case is that the frequent claim that there is a contradiction between popular journalism responding to audience tastes and official journalism constrained by the propaganda needs of the party is mistaken.
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Hunsucker, R. Laval. "Library and Information Science Doctoral Research Appears to be Showing Less and Less Interest in Library Topics, and Concern among Practitioners May be Justified." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 7, no. 3 (2012): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8n02d.
Full textAbstract:
Objective – To determine whether library and information science (LIS) doctoral research at North American institutions has, over the last eighty or so years, displayed a clear trend toward addressing topics other than those associated with librarianship and traditional library functions; and whether one can discern, in this regard, any significant differences among those institutions.
 
 Design – Conceptual content analysis of dissertation titles and abstracts.
 
 Setting – North American universities with American Library Association accredited LIS programs in the period 1930 through 2009.
 
 Subjects – The titles and, to the extent available, the abstracts of 3,230 LIS doctoral dissertations completed at these institutions during this period.
 
 Methods – Having opted for a directed, single-category type content analysis, the researchers began by pre-establishing a group of terms which they assumed could “represent the core curriculum of the master’s in library science”: terms which they surmised would therefore be able to function, where they appeared in “the records of doctoral output”, as good indicators that that output itself can rightly be judged to have had “an explicit focus on libraries/librarianship” (pp. 36, 44). The terms selected were: “librar*”, “catalog*”, “circulat*”, “collection develop*”, “collection manag*”, “school media”, and “reference” (where “*” indicates truncation, and that any term beginning with the respective letter string was acceptable).
 
 The researchers then simply tallied for each of the 3,230 dissertations under investigation how many times one or more of the pre-chosen terms occurred in its title and in its abstract, not recording which term or terms that occurred. (They do not make entirely clear to what extent data collection was computerized.) They subsequently analyzed the data longitudinally and by institution, with only one, nominal and dichotomous, variable for the title as well as for the abstract: whether or not any of the pre-chosen terms occurred at least once. Multiple occurrences, whether of the same term or of varying terms, played no role. 
 
 Their analysis for the entire period of 1930 through 2009 was based on title data only, and did not take doctorate-granting institution into account. The separate analysis (N=2,305) for the period 1980 through 2009 excluded the thirty cases in which one or more of the terms occurred in the title but none of them occurred in the abstract.
 
 Main Results – One occurrence of any of the specified terms in the title was, for the overall period of 1930-2009, enough for any given dissertation to be qualified as having an explicit focus on libraries/librarianship. The percentage of such dissertations remained fairly stable from the 1930s through the 1980s, at between 56% and 62%, with the exception of an unexplained dip for the 1950s to 44.1%. Then, for the 1990s, the researchers discovered a fall-off from 57.9% to 36.0%, and in the following decade a further decrease, down to a level of 21.5%.
 
 During the separately-analyzed period 1980-2009, the percentage of dissertations with at least one of the specified terms in the title as well as in the abstract diminished steadily from well over half (58.4%) for 1980-1984 to less than 1 in 5 (19.8%) for 2005-2009. A chi-square test revealed that the relationship between year of dissertation and term occurrence is statistically significant. By far the greatest decrease, of 15 percentage points, was that between the first half and the second half of the 1990s. Interestingly, during the whole thirty-year period, the percentage where a term appeared not in the title but only in the abstract remained fairly constant, at around 20%, give or take about 2.5 percentage points. Yet when one looks at how many of the dissertations displayed none of the terms in the title and none in the abstract, one sees a continuous increase starting at 20.7% for 1980-1984 all the way up to 61.0% for 2005-2009, with the sharpest climb, of more than 17 percentage points, occurring around the mid-1990s. The distinction between the year 1980 and the year 2009 is even greater: from just over 1 in 7 (14.7%) to more than 3 out of 5 (62.2%). 
 
 The analysis by institution revealed a statistically significant relationship for the period 1980-2009 between institution at which the dissertation was written and the occurrence of any of the terms at least once in both title and abstract. Certain institutions (most notably SUNY-Albany, Syracuse, Missouri, Hawaii, Montréal, and Long Island) showed a much higher than average overall level of no occurrence, and some (Michigan in particular, but also, for example, Florida State and the University of North Carolina) displayed a remarkably consistent decline in occurrence.
 
 Conclusion – The researchers conclude that their study, insofar as North America is concerned, “has provided empirical evidence for . . . the lessening focus in LIS dissertations on topics commonly associated with librarianship” and that it “supports the assertion that this focus varies significantly between schools—with some schools demonstrating a more explicit connection to library-related topics than other schools” (p. 43). They are unsure how best to interpret these findings or how they could be applied, but they do offer certain suggestions for possible interpretations and pose a few questions regarding what those interpretations might imply (p. 44). One could, they suggest, argue that the terms employed in the study “are themselves antiquated, and dissertations are charting new territory, pushing the boundaries of both research and practice.” Another possibility is that “while the dissertations may not be immediately applied work, the work could be utilized for application.” On the other hand, it may simply be the case that the selected terms indeed remain trustworthy indicators, and that doctoral candidates “are no longer studying topics that are relevant to the practical field” of librarianship. One could perhaps even justifiably assert that LIS is in effect no longer a single unified discipline but, rather, has split into a library field and an information field, whereby the latter has been steadily gaining the upper hand in LIS programs, albeit less so at some institutions than at others. 
 
 In pondering the above alternatives for interpretation of this study’s results, the library practitioner will probably also be inclined to reflect, the authors suggest, on the prospects for adequate academic research support of actual library practice, while keeping in mind, furthermore, that the formal education of future practitioners will largely remain in the hands of those trained as LIS doctoral students. To what extent will these educators feel an affinity with, and possess an understanding of, the world of practical librarianship?
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Campbell, Cameron, and James Lee. "Social Mobility from a Kinship Perspective: Rural Liaoning, 1789–1909." International Review of Social History 48, no. 1 (2003): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859002000901.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines the role of kin networks in intergenerational mobility in rural Liaoning, China, 1789–1909. Classic studies of social mobility in historical China based on the records of imperial examination candidates suggest that society was relatively fluid. It has been claimed, however, that associations between fathers' and sons' outcomes overestimate the fluidity of historical Chinese society because many men who achieved prominence had been helped by senior kin other than their fathers. We test these claims by applying event-history techniques to longitudinal, nominative household register data, measuring the effects of characteristics of kin on the chances of obtaining an official title. Even though distant kin influenced the chances of obtaining a title, kin networks did not monopolize opportunities. There was substantial downward mobility among the sons of prominent families, and high proportions of titleholders were new, in the sense of not having any senior kin who held titles.
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Post, Jack. "From Altered States to Altered Titles: A Close Analysis of the Title Sequence to Ken Russell's Altered States (1981)." Journal of British Cinema and Television 12, no. 4 (2015): 556–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2015.0285.
Full textAbstract:
Although most title sequences of Ken Russell's films consist of superimpositions of a static text on film images, the elaborate title sequence to Altered States (1981) was specially designed by Richard Greenberg, who had already acquired a reputation for his innovative typography thanks to his work on Superman (1978) and Alien (1979). Greenberg continued these typographic experiments in Altered States. Although both the film and its title sequence were not personal projects for Russell, a close analysis of the title sequence reveals that it functions as a small narrative unit in its own right, facilitating the transition of the spectator from the outside world of the cinema to the inside world of filmic fiction and functioning as a prospective mise-en-abyme and matrix of all the subsequent narrative representations and sequences of the film to come. By focusing on this aspect of the film, the article indicates how the title sequence to Altered States is tightly interwoven with the aesthetic and thematic structure of the film, even though Russell himself may have had less control over its design than other parts of the film.
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Bosco, Aju, Prakash Venugopal, Ajoy Prasad Shetty, Rajasekaran Shanmuganathan, and Rishi Mugesh Kanna. "Morphometric Evaluation of Occipital Condyles: Defining Optimal Trajectories and Safe Screw Lengths for Occipital Condyle-Based Occipitocervical Fixation in Indian Population." Asian Spine Journal 12, no. 2 (2018): 214–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4184/asj.2018.12.2.214.
Full textAbstract:
<sec><title>Study Design</title><p>Computed tomographic (CT) morphometric analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>To assess the feasibility and safety of occipital condyle (OC)-based occipitocervical fixation (OCF) in Indians and to define anatomical zones and screw lengths for safe screw placement.</p></sec><sec><title>Overview of Literature</title><p>Limitations of occipital squama-based OCF has led to development of two novel OC-based OCF techniques.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Morphometric analysis was performed on the OCs of 70 Indian adults. The feasibility of placing a 3.5-mm-diameter screw into OCs was investigated. Safe trajectories and screw lengths for OC screws and C0–C1 transarticular screws without hypoglossal canal or atlantooccipital joint compromise were estimated.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The average screw length and safe sagittal and medial angulations for OC screws were 19.9±2.3 mm, ≤6.4°±2.4° cranially, and 31.1°±3° medially, respectively. An OC screw could not be accommodated by 27% of the population. The safe sagittal angles and screw lengths for C0–C1 transarticular screw insertion (48.9°±5.7° cranial, 26.7±2.9 mm for junctional entry technique; 36.7°±4.6° cranial, 31.6±2.7 mm for caudal C1 arch entry technique, respectively) were significantly different than those in other populations. The risk of vertebral artery injury was high for the caudal C1 arch entry technique. Screw placement was uncertain in 48% of Indians due to the presence of aberrant anatomy.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>There were significant differences in the metrics of OC-based OCF between Indian and other populations. Because of the smaller occipital squama dimensions in Indians, OC-based OCF techniques may have a higher application rate and could be a viable alternative/salvage option in selected cases. Preoperative CT, including three-dimensional-CT-angiography (to delineate vertebral artery course), is imperative to avoid complications resulting from aberrant bony and vascular anatomy. Our data can serve as a valuable reference guide in placing these screws safely under fluoroscopic guidance.</p></sec>
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Gabbard, Carl, and Glenn Miller. "Course Offerings and Diversity Related to Physical Education for Children." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 5, no. 4 (1986): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.5.4.247.
Full textAbstract:
A survey was conducted of 163 colleges and universities to determine course offerings and diversity related to physical education for children. Information was derived from each institution through an analysis of the course description section of the institution’s latest catalog, or related materials. Data were collected through library (microfiche), interuniversity loan systems, or direct mail. Data collection and analyses included course title, description, and units of credit hours. The characteristics of each course were determined and categorized into one of the following areas: elementary physical education methods, motor development, games/sport, dance/rhythms, gymnastics, and other. Analyses related to each category and the total were reported. In summary, 63% of the sample offered a basic elementary methods class while 72% provided at least 2 credit hours of related course work. The average total credit hours offered was 6.3 units, with a range of 0 to 32. When the analyses included only those institutions offering related course work, the average was 8.9 units (which was interpreted as three or perhaps four courses). The diversity of course titles other than those generally recognized was also reported.
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Cheung, Andrew K. F. "The use of reported speech and the perceived neutrality of court interpreters." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 16, no. 2 (2014): 191–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.16.2.03che.
Full textAbstract:
A mock trial, with two-way consecutive interpreting between Cantonese and English, was used to test perceptions of a court interpreter’s neutrality when interpreting into Cantonese in reported rather than direct speech. Monolingual Cantonese speakers played the part of witnesses using the interpreter. Three groups were created: a control group (16 participants), receiving interpretation of all English utterances into Cantonese in direct speech; and two experimental groups (17 participants each). The experimental groups received interpretation with occasional switches to reported speech. These were introduced by third person pronouns (e.g., “he said”) for one group (the ‘pronoun group’), and by professional titles (e.g., “the judge said”) for the other group (the ‘title group’). Participants afterwards completed a questionnaire, assessing neutrality and alignment on a 5-point Likert scale. The title group not only perceived the interpreter to be aligned with the English speakers, but also gave a significantly different assessment of neutrality from the control group. The pronoun group perceived the interpreter to be aligned with them, but did not differ significantly from the control group in their perception of neutrality. Use of pronouns or professional titles in the reporting clauses thus affected the interpreter’s perceived neutrality differently.
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Goertzen, Melissa. "Weak Correlation Between Circulation and Citation Numbers Suggests that both Data Points should be Considered when Deselecting Print Monographs." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 14, no. 4 (2019): 165–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29606.
Full textAbstract:
A Review of:
 White, B. (2017). Citations and circulation counts: Data sources for monograph deselection in research library collections. College & Research Libraries, 78(1), 53 – 65. https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.78.1.53
 Abstract
 Objective – To facilitate evidence-based deselection of print monographs, this study examines to what extent there are correlations between circulation data (past and future usage) and between the borrowing and citation of print monographs.
 Design – Collections assessment project that used a variety of data sources and techniques, including Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, statistical analysis, and the analysis of circulation data, last-use dates, and citation data.
 Setting – An academic library in New Zealand.
 Subjects – Two ranges of books were chosen for the study: 591 (Specific Topics in Zoology) and 324 (The Political Process). From these ranges, monographs published prior to 2001 were selected as the study sample.
 Methods – This project relied on two data sources: circulation data from the Library’s ILS and citation data from Scopus. All data was downloaded to an Excel spreadsheet in preparation for analysis. The researcher examined call numbers, authors and editors, titles and subtitles, publication dates, circulation counts, dates of last check-in, total number of citations, number of citations from publications released in 2010 and on, and number of citations from institution-affiliated documents. Renewal data was omitted, as it did not provide evidence of additional instances of use.
 Where multiple copies of a specific title appeared in the data set, the researcher totalled all circulations and recorded the most recent check-in date. The researcher found that some titles in the study sample were generic and it was impossible to determine if citation data from Scopus linked to the monograph in the library collection. These titles were eliminated from the study.
 Once data collection was complete, the researcher calculated two additional data elements: the number of months since the last check-in date and the number of citations from items published before 2010. Data in the Excel spreadsheet was analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient to determine the relationship between past and future usage and between circulation and citation data.
 Main Results – Findings indicated that circulation and citation data are highly skewed. Many monographs in the study sample had never been borrowed and had few citations, while a small number of “celebrity titles” were borrowed or cited at a much higher rate than other monographs in the same classification.
 Further, results indicated that historic circulation numbers are imperfect predictors of future probability that a book will be borrowed. When taking a high-level view of the collection, highly circulated books tend to be borrowed more often than average. However, when examining monographs at the title level, high circulation is more of a probability instead of a robust indicator.
 An investigation of whether historic citation counts serve as an indicator of future citation followed previously established trends: monographs not heavily cited in the past are less likely to be cited in the future. Findings also found a weak correlation between local-institution monograph citation counts and total citation counts.
 Finally, the results demonstrated a weak correlation between circulation and citation data. As a group, well-cited books are borrowed more often than others, but at the individual title level, the effect is too random for either data set to predict the other in a reliable way. As such, circulation data and citation data can not be used as a proxy for each other.
 Conclusion – Neither circulation nor citation data can stand as full proxies of the value of a title. However, both provide information that reflects the status of a title within the scholarly community. In this environment, citation data should be considered equally with circulation figures. Both data points measure different phenomena and the weak correlation between them suggests that both are required to inform decisions about deselecting print monographs.
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Meier, Kenneth J., and Deborah R. McFarlane. "Statutory Coherence and Policy Implementation: The Case of Family Planning." Journal of Public Policy 15, no. 3 (1995): 281–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00010059.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTPolicy theory suggests that coherent statutes – those with precise, clear goals, supported by an adequate causal theory, with clear administrative responsibilities, clear implementation rules, and assigned to committed agencies – are more likely to have their intended impact. Using the Mazmanian and Sabatier policy implementation framework, this article examines U.S. family planning policies with a pooled time series analysis from 1982 to 1988. Of the four family planning statutes, only Title X, the categorical grant program, meets the criteria of a coherent statute. The data analysis reveals that a dollar spent through Title X has a much greater impact on birth rates, abortion rates, late prenatal care, and infant and neonatal mortality than does a dollar spent through other programs. The results are strong evidence in support of designing policies with coherent statutes.
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Fiala, Dalibor, Pavel Král, and Martin Dostal. "Are Papers Asking Questions Cited More Frequently in Computer Science?" Computers 10, no. 8 (2021): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers10080096.
Full textAbstract:
In this article, we test the hypothesis that computer science papers asking questions (i.e., those with a question mark at the end of their title) are cited more frequently than those that do not have this property. To this end, we analyze a data set of almost two million records on computer science papers indexed in the Web of Science database and focus our investigation on the mean number of citations per paper of its specific subsets. The main finding is that the average number of citations per paper of the so-called “asking papers” is greater by almost 20% than that of other papers, and that this difference is statistically significant.
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Yuzana, Win, and Masada Tomonari. "Bidirectional Extraction of Phrases for Expanding Queries in Academic Paper Retrieval." International Journal of Advanced Research in Artificial Intelligence (IJARAI) Volume 5, Issue 1 (2016): 27–33. https://doi.org/10.14569/IJARAI.2016.050105.
Full textAbstract:
This paper proposes a new method for query expansion based on bidirectional extraction of phrases as word n-grams from research paper titles. The proposed method aims to extract information relevant to users’ needs and interests and thus to provide a useful system for technical paper retrieval. The outcome of proposed method are the trigrams as phrases that can be used for query expansion. <em>First</em>, word trigrams are extracted from research paper titles. <em>Second</em>, a co-occurrence graph of the extracted trigrams is constructed. To construct the co-occurrence graph, the direction of edges is considered in two ways: <em>forward</em> and <em>reverse</em>. In the forward and reverse co-occurrence graphs, the trigrams point to other trigrams appearing after and before them in a paper title,respectively.<em> Third</em>, Jaccard similarity is computed between trigrams as the weight of the graph edge. <em>Fourth</em>, the weighted version of PageRank is applied. Consequently, the following two types of phrases can be obtained as the trigrams associated with the higher PageRank scores. The trigrams of the one type, which are obtained from the forward co-occurrence graph, can form a more specific query when users add a technical word or words before them. Those of the other type, obtained from the reverse co-occurrence graph, can form a more specific query when users add a technical word or words after them. The extraction of phrases is evaluated as additional features in the paper title classification task using SVM. The experimental results show that the classification accuracy is improved than the accuracy achieved when the standard TF-IDF text features are only used. Moreover, the trigrams extracted by the proposed method can be utilized to expand query words in research paper retrieval.
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Kipp, Margaret E. I. "Controlled vocabularies and tags: An analysis of research methods." NASKO 3, no. 1 (2011): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7152/nasko.v3i1.12787.
Full textAbstract:
Social tagging has become increasingly common and is now often found in library catalogues or at least on library websites and blogs. Tags have been compared to controlled vocabulary indexing terms and have been suggested as replacements or enhancements for traditional indexing. This paper explored tagging and controlled vocabulary studies in the context of earlier studies examining title keywords, author keywords and user indexing and applied these results to a set of bibliographic records from PubMed which are also tagged on CiteULike. Preliminary results show that author and title keywords and tags are more similar to each other than to subject headings, though some user or author supplied terms do match subject headings exactly. Author keywords tend to be more specific than the other terms and could serve an additional distinguishing function when browsing.
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Javidmehr, Sina, Mohammad Reza Golbakhsh, Babak Siavashi, et al. "A New Modified Method for Inserting Iliosacral Screw versus the Conventional Method." Asian Spine Journal 12, no. 1 (2018): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4184/asj.2018.12.1.119.
Full textAbstract:
<sec><title>Study Design</title><p>Methodological study.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>To our knowledge, this is the first study to introduce a new modified method for inserting iliosacral screws and to compare its results with those of a conventional method.</p></sec><sec><title>Overview of Literature</title><p>Previous techniques, such as open reduction and internal fixation, are associated with perioperative hemorrhage, postoperative infection, and neurological deficits. Although percutaneous iliosacral screw insertion confers the advantage of being minimally invasive, leading to less blood loss and a low postoperative infection rate, it harbors the risk of screw malpositioning due to narrow sacral proportions and a high interindividual variability.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Nine cadaveric pelvises were included in this study, with one hemipelvis of each being assigned to the new modified method and the other to the conventional iliosacral screw insertion method. In the new modified method, the guidewire entry point was determined using a lateral sacral X-ray. To do so, we first identified the anterosuperior quadrant of the S1 body on one hemipelvis. The anterosuperior quadrant was further divided into four imaginary quadrants, and the guidewire was inserted into the posteroinferior quadrant. The guidewire trajectory was perpendicular to the sagittal plane so that the guidewire resembled a single point in the lateral sacral view. Guidewires were inserted into corresponding hemipelves using the conventional method as described in the literature. Subsequently, an axial computed tomography scan with 1-mm fine cuts was obtained, and sagittal and coronal views were reconstructed. The distance of the guidewire from the sacral canal, anterior sacral cortex, and first sacral foramen was measured in axial, sagittal, and coronal views. The minimum measurement among different views was defined as the safety index of the insertion methods. The conventional and new modified methods were then compared in terms of safety and duration of the procedure.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The minimum distance of the guidewire from the S1 foramen and anterior sacral cortex was not significantly different between the two methods. However, the minimum distance between the guidewire and sacral canal was significantly greater in the new modified method than in the conventional method. The duration of guidewire insertion was significantly shorter in the new modified method than in the conventional method.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>This new modified method of iliosacral screw insertion could be safely and simply implemented while taking less surgical time than the conventional methods.</p></sec>
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Gray, Peter R. A. "Do the Walls Have Ears? Indigenous Title and Courts in Australia." International Journal of Legal Information 28, no. 2 (2000): 185–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500009070.
Full textAbstract:
Australia has always been a place of legal pluralism. Before the British colonists brought with them the common law and the statute law of England, there were indigenous systems of law. Indeed, there were very many of them. They did not cease to exist just because English law was imported. Sadly, for over 200 years, their existence was not officially recognised by the Anglo-Australian legal system. In 1992, in Mabo v State of Queensland [No.2], the High Court of Australia did more than “invent” native title. It made this nation officially a legally pluralist one. The common law now recognises, and gives effect to, indigenous law with respect to land tenure and, possibly, with respect to other aspects of life and death as well. Native title is what indigenous law says it is, no more and no less, except to the extent that non-indigenous law operates to “extinguish” or “impair” native title. The first inquiry in any application for a determination of native title must be as to the continuing existence of an indigenous legal system and the manner in which that legal system deals with entitlements in relation to the relevant land. If such a system survives and gives entitlement to people, it must then be asked whether non-Aboriginal law has “extinguished” or “impaired” those entitlements. In truth, this inquiry is as to whether the non-indigenous legal system has withdrawn its recognition of those entitlements, because of its creation of interests, or recognition of activities, incompatible with the continuing existence of indigenous entitlements. The entitlements continue to exist in indigenous law, despite any “extinguishment” or “impairment.”
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Beck, Thomas J. "HeinOnline’s Labor and Employment: The American Worker." Charleston Advisor 25, no. 4 (2024): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5260/chara.25.4.11.
Full textAbstract:
HeinOnline offers a core digital library package that contains nearly 3,000 legal journals published in more than 60 different countries, including thousands of Australian, Canadian, and European legal materials and multiple international government publications. This vendor also has several other databases can be attached to this core collection, and “Labor and Employment: The American Worker” is one of them.It contains thousands of books, published from the early twentieth century to the present; hundreds of scholarly articles, ranging from 1904 to the present (with new articles added each month), on various topics, including labor contracts, collective bargaining, employment protections, and the history of the labor movement; and more than 10,000 subject-coded titles. Also available here are current reports on working conditions, legislative histories, Supreme Court case briefs, and a chart of landmark court cases in labor and employment (including the synopsis and full text of each case and an explanation of its significance in both jurisprudence and history), ranging between 1842 and 2018. When these and all the other categories of materials in this database are combined, it contains 10,984 titles, 14,659 volumes, and 5,244,894 pages.As with all databases that provide images of original documents, the readability of the materials here can vary, but thankfully none appear to be illegible. Navigating, rotating, enlarging, and reducing these documents can usually be done without difficulty. Database content can be browsed and/or searched for in numerous ways, all of which are understandable and which generally produce useful results. However, searches by title or description are often the least productive, while those in the full text are far more so. Pricing for this resource is vague, as it is determined by an institution’s location (i.e., in the United States or not), whether it has a law library, and other factors not specified by the vendor. Consortia discounts are also available. The content available here is impressive and will prove valuable to students and researchers of US labor history, especially those looking for case law, legislation, and other government publications on this topic. The licensing agreement for this database is too long, but is not unusual in its provisions, and should provide little cause for concern.
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Heller, Marvin. "Unicums, Fragments, and Other Hebrew Book Rarities." Judaica Librarianship 18, no. 1 (2014): 130–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14263/2330-2976.1036.
Full textAbstract:
The subject matter of this article is unique or rare editions of early Hebrew books. Due to varying external circumstances, these rare books are extant only in fragments, unique single exemplars, or in a limited number of copies. Although Hebrew texts were subject to the same ravages of time and, perhaps, occasional indifference as were other early books, they also suffered to a much greater extent than their non-Hebrew counterparts from the indignities and deeds, or more accurately misdeeds, of anti-Semites who expended their wrath not only on Jews but also directed their venom towards Jewish books. The article is not about the causes of book rarity per se, but rather describes a variety of Hebrew works, either of the individual title, or, in some instances, of a particular edition of a reprinted work that is extant today in a single or a limited number of copies.
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d'Astorg, Henri, Stephane Bourret, Sonia Ramos-Pascual, Marc Szadkowski, and Jean-Charles Le Huec. "Comparison of Cobb angle measurements for scoliosis assessment using different imaging modalities: a systematic review." EFORT Open Reviews 8, no. 6 (2023): 489–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eor-23-0032.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose To report accuracy, repeatability, and agreement of Cobb angle measurements on radiographs and/or stereo-radiographs (EOS) compared against one another or against other imaging modalities. Methods This review follows Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search was conducted on 21 July 2021 using Medline, Embase, and Cochrane. Two researchers independently performed title/abstract/full-text screening and data extraction. Studies were eligible if they reported Cobb angles, and/or their repeatability and agreement, measured on radiographs and/or EOS compared against one another or against other imaging modalities. Results Of the 2993 records identified, 845 were duplicates and 2212 were excluded during title/abstract/full-text screening. Two more relevant studies were identified from references of eligible studies, leaving 14 studies for inclusion. Two studies compared Cobb angles from EOS vs CT, while 12 compared radiographs vs other imaging modalities: EOS, CT, MRI, digital fluoroscopy, or dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Angles from standing radiographs tended to be higher than those from supine MRI and CT, and angles from standing EOS tended to be higher than those from supine or prone CT. Correlations across modalities were strong (R = 0.78–0.97). Inter-observer agreement was excellent for all studies (ICC = 0.77–1.00), except one (ICC = 0.13 radiographs and ICC = 0.68 for MRI). Conclusion Differences of up to 11º were found when comparing Cobb angles across combinations of imaging modalities and patient positions. It is not possible, however, to determine whether the differences observed are due to the change of modality, position, or both. Therefore, clinicians should be careful when utilizing the thresholds for standing radiographs across other modalities and positions for diagnosis and assessment of scoliosis.
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Fox, David. "Bona Fide Purchase and the Currency of Money." Cambridge Law Journal 55, no. 3 (1996): 547–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197300100509.
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If a thief steals money from you is it still yours? What if the thief passes it to a friend as a gift? Does it make any difference if the thief spends the money in a shop?The answer to these questions depends on the “currency” of money, a legal attribute not shared by other kinds of property. A person's title to property is generally derived from the previous owner. When the property is transferred, the title that once vested in him simply passes to the recipient with the result that the recipient cannot acquire a better title than the person from whom he got the property.' To take an example, when a thief steals a car he has bare possession of it and the victim remains the owner. A person buying the car from the thief can only get possession of it. This general rule governing the transfer of title to property is summed up in the maxim nemo dat quod non habet.
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Ueshima, Hironobu, Tomoyuki Ozawa, Tomoaki Toyone, and Hiroshi Otake. "Efficacy of the Thoracolumbar Interfascial Plane Block for Lumbar Laminoplasty: A Retrospective Study." Asian Spine Journal 11, no. 5 (2017): 722–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4184/asj.2017.11.5.722.
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<sec><title>Study Design</title><p>This paper was a single center-based retrospective study with prospective data collection.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Compared with other surgeries, limited options are available for perioperative pain management in spinal surgery. Therefore, we aimed to identify new pain management in this study.</p></sec><sec><title>Overview of Literature</title><p>The thoracolumbar interfascial plane (TLIP) block has been reported to provide effective regional analgesia in the lumbar region. This study investigated the efficacy of the TLIP block for pain management in lumbar laminoplasty.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>We investigated patients who underwent lumbar laminoplasty for the treatment of lumbar spinal canal stenosis from April to October 2015. Patients with secondary surgery or surgery involving more than four intervertebral spaces were excluded. The primary outcome measure was the pain scale score within 48 hours after the surgery. The secondary outcomes were the number of additional analgesic drugs used and the number of patients complaining of complications, such as nausea and vomiting, within 24 hours after the surgery.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>We retrospectively assessed the data of 44 patients who underwent lumbar laminoplasty. Of these, 25 patients received only general anesthesia (G group), whereas 19 patients received the TLIP block along with general anesthesia (T group). Compared with the G group, the T group reported lower pain scores for pain at 1, 2, 4, and 24 hours postoperatively. Moreover, the number of patients who received the additional analgesic pentazocine was lower in the T group than in the G group. The two groups showed no significant differences in the incidence of complications.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>The TLIP block provides effective analgesia for 24 hours postoperatively in patients undergoing lumbar laminoplasty.</p></sec>
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FRY, JAMES D., and MELISSA H. LOJA. "The Roots of Historic Title: Non-Western Pre-Colonial Normative Systems and Legal Resolution of Territorial Disputes." Leiden Journal of International Law 27, no. 3 (2014): 727–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156514000284.
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AbstractThe validity of historic or ancient title to territory has been tested in numerous international judicial proceedings, both in the International Court of Justice and in international arbitration. Historic title usually originates in ancient normative systems, including tributary, feudal, sultanate, and Islamic systems that predate the Western international legal system. Nevertheless, the rules against which historic title has been tested in international judicial proceedings generally require that the original titleholder be a state or a central authority that exercised territorial sovereignty over a defined space to the exclusion of other sovereign powers. The rules that apply specifically to these ancient normative systems, where allegiance to authority was personal or religious rather than territorial, have been seen as irrelevant compared to the more contemporary determinations of historic title. The only exceptions have been the French medieval customary normfrankalmoign, which the international arbitral tribunal in theMinquiers and Ecrehoscase cited as evidence that the English king exercised territorial sovereignty over the disputed islands, and the personal allegiance of theOrang Lautto the Sultan of Johore, coupled with the recognition accorded to the latter by the great maritime powers, which the International Court of Justice inMalaysiav.Singaporefound sufficient to prove the historic title of Malaysia over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh and Middle Rocks. The principles by which historic title were adjudicated in these cases appear to be the same principles by which the Western powers dealt with the claims of the People's Republic of China and Vietnam to the Paracel Islands and the Spratly Islands, not only during the colonial period but also after the Second World War. This analysis suggests how the International Court of Justice or an international arbitral tribunal might, if given the opportunity, resolve these South China Sea disputes. Readers might also find this analysis to be particularly relevant to other disputes involving historic title, including the East China Sea disputes, although the focus of this article is on the South China Sea disputes. States and other commentators are left to rely on their own preferences and allegiances in reaching their own normative conclusions using the novel analysis provided by this article.
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Attwood, Wesley R., Melissa Sneath, and John G. Thacik. "Circumstantial Powers of “Special Fire Police” in Pennsylvania: Statutory Consequences and Recommendations." Criminal Justice Policy Review 31, no. 4 (2019): 592–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403419864143.
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Volunteer police have been an instrumental part of Western policing since the inception of the concept of police. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania utilizes volunteer police under the title of “Special Fire Police.” Described as “firemen cloaked with police powers” in corresponding case law, these volunteers are statutorily provided with full powers to regulate traffic and keep crowds under control at any fire or emergency and to exercise other police powers which are necessary to prevent interference with the work of firemen. Although these volunteers have been in use for more than 50 years, the other police powers they are granted by law have remained largely undefined. This research will examine the current statutory and case law relevant to special fire police as well as those relevant to general Pennsylvania police powers to demonstrate the circumstantially defined police powers that could be adopted based on interpretation.
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Liang, Haiying, Michael J. Reiss, and Talia Isaacs. "Factors affecting physicians’ attitudes towards patient-centred care: a cross-sectional survey in Beijing." BMJ Open 13, no. 4 (2023): e073224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073224.
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ObjectivesPatient-centred care has been raised as an important component in providing high-quality healthcare services. This research aims to measure physicians’ attitudes towards patient-centred care in Chinese healthcare settings and to identify the sociodemographic predictors of their attitudes using an exploratory research design.DesignA cross-sectional survey.SettingTwelve hospitals in Beijing, China.Participants1290 physicians from 12 hospitals in Beijing were invited to take part in the survey using snowball sampling methods. There was a response rate of 84% (n=1084), of which 1053 responses (82%) were valid and included in this research.MethodsThis research used a survey containing a previously validated 6-point Likert scale called ‘Chinese-revised Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale’ (CR-PPOS). Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to measure participants’ attitudes and to identify the sociodemographic predictors of Chinese physicians’ attitudes towards patient-centred care.ResultsGender, professional title (ie, seniority) and hospital type influence Chinese physicians’ attitudes towards patient-centred care. Female physicians, physicians with intermediate titles and those who work in tertiary (ie, top-level) hospitals tend to have higher patient-centred attitudes (OR=1.532, 95% CI 1.160 to 2.022; OR=2.089, 95% CI 1.206 to 3.618; OR=2.198, 95% CI 1.465 to 3.297) than male physicians with other titles, and than those who work in first, secondary or private hospitals. Physicians working in non-surgical departments, those who have received training in doctor–patient communication, and those who are satisfied with their income obtained high patient-centred scores, both on the overall CR-PPOS and its two subscales.ConclusionsThis research identified sociodemographic predictors of Chinese physicians’ attitudes towards patient-centred care. The findings contribute to knowledge of factors to be considered in reforming medical education and the Chinese healthcare system to improve physician–patient relationships and provide high-quality healthcare to patients. However, these findings are exploratory in nature and require further investigation to establish their validity and generalisability.
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Bilbija, Marina. "“Dear Anglo”: Scrambling the Signs of Anglo-Modernity from New York to Lagos." American Literary History 32, no. 4 (2020): 645–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajaa023.
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Abstract This essay reveals the surprising ties within an African American print franchise: the Anglo-African Magazine, the Weekly Anglo-African, and their various iterations between 1859 and 1865 and a Lagos journal also titled The Anglo-African (1863–65). The link was Robert Campbell, the West Indian editor of the Lagos paper and former contributor to the New York ones. I show how Campbell not only borrowed his title from his African American colleagues but also adapted their editorial models for hailing abolitionist publics and constituting interpretative communities. As these Anglo-African journals proliferated from New York to Lagos, “Anglo-African” became a racialized title associated with a particular kind of journal, rather than just a racial term. A salient feature of an “Anglo-African” type of journal was its scrambling of its titular term and its prefix Anglo. Thus, in the US papers, Anglo became a shorthand for a black publication, while their Nigerian counterpart inserted the US and African-America into the “Anglo” world of the Lagos Anglo-African. By decoupling “Anglo” from whiteness in one context, and from Britishness in the other, these editors forged a black Atlantic counterculture that worked at what Paul Gilroy has called the “hidden internal fissures” of modernity.
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Miyazawa, Setsuo. "The enigma of Japan as a testing ground for cross-cultural criminological studies." International Annals of Criminology 50, no. 1-2 (2012): 153–75. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003445212009762.
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SUMMARYThe purpose of this paper is to discuss methods and hypotheses of empirical comparative research on criminal behavior from the perspective of a Japanese criminologist. Referring to the title of van Wolferen's book on The Enigma of Japanese Power, the author studies Japan as an ideal testing ground for any approach in comparative criminology : with an apparently contradictory combination of tremendous economic development and a consistently low crime rate, lower than those in most other developed countries, Japan still needs comparative research of three types: first, using data from a culture or country different from those where theories to be tested originated; second, confronting qualitative research focusing on only two or three cultures; third, comparing quantitative research involving a large number of cultures or countries.
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Miyazawa, Setsuo. "The enigma of Japan as a testing ground for cross-cultural criminological studies." International Annals of Criminology 32, no. 1-2 (1994): 81–103. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003445294004241.
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SummaryThe purpose of this paper is to discuss methods and hypotheses of empirical comparative research on criminal behavior from the perspective of a Japanese criminologist. Referring to the title of van Wolferen’s book on The Enigma of Japanese Power, the author studies Japan as an ideal testing ground for any approach in comparative criminology : with an apparently contradictory combination of tremendous economic development and a consistently low crime rate, lower than those in most other developed countries, Japan still needs comparative research of three types : first, using data from a culture or country different from those where theories to be tested originated; second, confronting qualitative research focusing on only two or three cultures; third, comparing quantitative research involving a large number of cultures or countries.
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Wolińska, Teresa. "Wschodnie patriarchaty wobec sporu dotyczącego tytułu „patriarcha ekumeniczny”." Vox Patrum 58 (December 15, 2012): 59–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.4069.
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The struggle for primacy in the Universal Church was first started between Rome and Alexandria, but in the middle of 5th Century it was Constantinople that became the most important rival of Rome. The increasing position of the Constantinopolitan bishop was caused by the fact that at the turn of the 4th century the city became capital of the Empire. So, it was the emperor’s interest to give to the bishop of their capital the same rights as those of the bishops of the Old Rome. The growing importance and authority of Constantinopolitan bishops reflected the needs and natural evolution, so it was easily accepted in the Eastern part of the Empire. It was confirmed by the decisions of the two ecumenical councils and by imperial legislation. Hence, the bishops of Constantinople became the most important ones in the East. They rejected papal aspirations to control the whole Church. Popes opposed the growing authority of their rivals in Constantinople. They started to act as St. Peter’s successors and tried to obtain independence from secular authorities. Despite their efforts, the importance of bishops of Constantinople was still increasing. The argument concerning the title of „ecumenical patriarch” was a part of that struggle. Its beginning dates back to the year 483 when pope Felix protested against addressing Accacius, the bishop of Constantinople „ecumenical”. The argument became even more fierce during the pontificates of Pelagius II and Gregory the Great. They both fought against the title used by the patriarchs of Constantinople – John IV the Faster and Cyriacus. Gregory translated the controversial title as „universalis” or „solus” and tried to mount an alliance to fight it. He appealed to Eutychios, the patriarch of Alexandria and to the patriarch of Antioch – Anastasios. The predecessor of the latter, patriarch also named Gregory, just like the pope, did not take part in the argument, but he was in a way cause the cause of it, as the title had been used in the documents from just his trial that were sent to Rome. For Gregory using the title in relation just to the patriarchs of Constantinople sounded diminishing for other bishops. According to the pope, using the title by the patriarchs of Constantinople implied that they would subject other patriarchs and consequently would demand power over the whole Church. Gregory counted that due to that, other patriarchs, particularly those of Antioch and of Alexandria would support him in the argument. He kept writing to both Eulogius and Anastasius. He relied on them the more that he knew both personally and with Eulogius he was even befriended. To his disappointment, both patriarchs kindly refused their support. The problems they had were more important than the question of someone’s title. They felt they might need support from the Byzantine emperor as well as from the patriarch of Constantinople in the struggle with heretics on their own territory and absolutely did not feel threatened by the growing position of the fellow-bishop. Besides, it seems they quite did not understand what the whole problem was about. Consequently, the lack of support from eastern patriarchs and the negative opinion of emperor Maurice resulted in Gregory’s defeat in the argument.
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Qu, Yang, та Jian-Jun Peng. "Tetraamminebis(4-nitrobenzoato-κO)copper(II)". Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 62, № 5 (2006): m952—m953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536806011081.
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In the title compound, [Cu(C7H4NO4)2(NH3)4], the Cu atom is six-coordinated by four ammine N and two 4-nitrobenzoate O atoms. Of the two nitrobenzoate ligands, one gives weaker coordination than the other. These Cu complexes are connected through a complex pattern of hydrogen-bonding interactions, resulting in a three-dimensional network.
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Štrbac, Dijana, Mihailo Paunović, and Dejana Pavlović. "The influence of demographic characteristics on the effectiveness of public administration training programs." Stanovnistvo 62, no. 2 (2024): 251–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.59954/stnv.637.
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This paper examines the influence of demographic characteristics on the effectiveness of the training programs in public administration in the Republic of Serbia. Specifically, the aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of the training programs in public administration and to analyse how factors such as age, gender, educational level, years of work experience and job title influence the outcomes of training initiatives. The sample of the study includes 1,040 public administration employees in Serbia who participated in at least one training program organized by the National Academy of Public Administration in 2022. The primary data was collected through a survey questionnaire administered in October 2023. The effectiveness of the training programs is assessed according to the extent to which they contribute to achieving the desired objectives. The statistical analyses involve descriptive statistics, reliability assessments and statistical tests to identify differences between demographic groups. The research results indicate that age, gender and education level have no influence on the effectiveness of the training programs in public administration. However, training effectiveness is significantly influenced by professional experience and job titles in public administration. Respondents with up to 15 years of work experience rated the effectiveness of the training programs higher than those with more than 15 years of work experience. In addition, government officials rated the effectiveness of the training programs they participated in significantly higher than other employees and managers in public administration. The key policy recommendations that emerge from the research relate to matching training programs to job experience, differentiating training for different job titles, leveraging experienced employees and an inclusive training environment.