Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ottoman empire in WWI

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Ottoman empire in WWI'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Ottoman empire in WWI"

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Ağaoğlu, Sami. "Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nda Gazze Muharebeleri / The Battles of Gaza in World War I." Journal of History Culture and Art Research 6, no. 2 (April 6, 2017): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v6i2.637.

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<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>According to Germany’s demand, Ottoman Empire opened Canal Front which is one of the most important front lines of WWI to pass the Suez Canal and attack Egypt. There were two massive attacks between Ottoman and British. The first clash occured in 1915 and second took place in 1916. Result of Ottoman forces struggle with the British troops, Ottoman Empire were defeated but then Ottoman Empire counter attacked. They tried to prevent British attacks in the campaigns of Sinai and Palestine.</p><p>The paper deals with the First and the Second Battle of Gaza that repelled English forces, the third Gaza Battle and its result, Yildirim Army Group (or Thunderbolt Army Group) of the Ottoman Empire that was formed in order to prevent advance of attackers and siege and fall of Jerusalem. Therefore, subsequent failures of the campaign and retreating to the Anatolia started. The research paper was based on archival documents, primary&amp;secondary sources and memoirs.</p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>Osmanlı Devleti, Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın önemli cephelerinden olan Kanal cephesini Almanların isteği doğrultusunda Süveyş kanalının geçmek ve Mısır’a taarruz etmek amacıyla açmıştı. Osmanlı Ordusunun I. Kanal Seferi ve II. Kanal Seferi başarısız olunca, karşı saldırıya geçen İngiliz birlikleri Sina ve Filistin cephesinde, Gazze muharebeleri ile durdurulmaya çalışılmıştır.</p><p>Araştırmamızda, İngiliz birliklerinin püskürtüldüğü I. ve II. Gazze muharebeleri, Birüssebi ve Gazze’nin elden çıktığı III. Gazze muharebesi, Osmanlı Devleti’nin bu yenilgiyi durdurabilmek için kurduğu Yıldırım Orduları Gurup Komutanlığı ve Kudüs’ün elden çıkışı ele alınmıştır. Böylelikle birbiri ardına gelen yenilgiler zinciri ile Osmanlı Ordularının Anadolu’ya çekilişi arşiv belgeleri, birinci elden kaynaklar ve hatıratlardan yararlanılarak işlenmiştir.</p>
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Gzoyan, Edita, Regina Galustyan, and Shushan Khachatryan. "Reclaiming Children after the Armenian Genocide: Neutral House in Istanbul." Holocaust and Genocide Studies 33, no. 3 (2019): 395–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcz044.

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Abstract During the Armenian Genocide the Turkish Government forcibly converted and assimilated Armenian children. The defeat of the Ottoman Empire in WWI brought the opportunity to retrieve such children, whose identities and future became a battleground between Armenians and Turks. This article addresses the fate of these child-survivors, many of whom, after being rescued, continued to deny their Armenian identities. The article presents a history of Neutral House, a unique organization established in Istanbul to return these children to their nation.
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Aydın, Abdurrahim, and Tuncay Zorlu. "Transfer of German Military Know-How and Technology to the Ottoman Military Factories at the beginning of the First World War." Belleten 79, no. 285 (August 1, 2015): 739–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2015.739.

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Supply of military weapons, equipment, spare parts and ammunition had always been of a crucial importance for the Ottoman Empire. This issue came to be a part of an international diplomacy from 19th century onwards when the Ottoman governments were forced into a position to choose allies from European Powers who were in rivalry in providing military materials. Many companies from France, England and Germany competed with each other in order to have the greatest share from the military supplies market in the Ottoman Empire. Such German companies as Krupp, and Rheinische Metallwaren und Maschinefabrik in Düsseldorf; French company Sxneider/Le Creusot; and British Armstrong/Vickers Company were among them. However, German weapon companies stood out in meeting the needs of the Ottoman military. In the reign of Abdulhamid II, the German company of Krupp came forward in selling artillery weapons in particular after the 1880's, and turned out to be the dominant power in the end of the century, while the other German companies dealt in the various other military materials such as rifles, ammunitions, spare parts, wagons, factory workbenches. Levazımat-ı Umumiye Dairesi (General Supplies Department) which functioned as attached to the Harbiye Nezareti (Ministry of War) during the early years of the 20th century was in charge of the supply and distribution of primary materials which were necessary for the provisioning of the army. This department was not only involved in the provisioning and equipment of the army during the WWI, but played an important role in procuring the technical equipment for the setting up and development of military factories as well as establishing connections and cooperation with Germany to this end, through its branches. It is possible to reach many correspondences about these cases in ATESE Archives which is attached to the General Staff. This study aims to provide some examples concerning the activities of the above-mentioned department and military factories and procuring the wartime equipment in particular, based on the primary sources.
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Dimitrov, Nikola V., Blagoja Markoski, Ivan Radevski, and Vladimir Zlatanoski. "Bitola – from Eyalet capital to regional centre in the Republic of Macedonia." Urban Development Issues 55, no. 3 (May 22, 2018): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/udi-2018-0006.

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Abstract In the past nine hundred years Bitola has undergone a string of administrative and political rises and falls. In the course of the 16th century the city grew to have a very large population and become a huge economic and geopolitical centre of the large province of Rumelia in the Ottoman Empire. However, as a result of some overwhelming political and military events that played out during the 20th century (the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, the Balkan wars, WW1, WW2 and other economic, political, technical and technological developments that occurred in the world and in the country) Bitola was reduced to a mere local city in economic, geopolitical and population terms. The immediate economic and population expansion of Bitola is presented through an exact numeric and cartographic overview of spatial-temporal changes in the city’s development in the past two centuries. For the purposes of rendering a more accurate image, we have compared Bitola’s population, administrative and geopolitical role with a number of major Balkan cities.
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Davis, Uri. "Whither Palestine-Israel? Political Reflections on Citizenship, Bi-Nationalism and the One-State Solution." Holy Land Studies 5, no. 2 (November 2006): 199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/hls.2007.0002.

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Since the dismantlement of the Ottoman Empire in the wake of WWI and the Lausanne Peace Treaty signed in 1923, much of the debate on Palestine was framed between the two polarities of a ‘One-State Solution’ versus a ‘Two-State Solution’. This paper suggest that, given the hybrid international legal considerations pertaining to the question of Palestine, taking the values of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, standards of international law, and all UN resolutions relevant to the question of Palestine as a point of departure frames the debate in an applied international legal context that usefully reconciles the said two polarities into a synthetic whole of one federated or confederated state incorporating three bi-national components: an ‘Arab state’, a ‘Jewish state’, and the City of Jerusalem as corpus separatum, thereby reconciling both the rights of the Palestinian Arab people for national self-determination and their rights as the indigenous people of the country.
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Sarabiev, Aleksei V. "THE RUSSIAN CONSUL IN DAMASCUS PRINCE BORIS N. SHAKHOVSKOY’S ROLE IN INTERFAITH PEACE ON THE EVE OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR." Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, no. 4 (14) (2020): 162–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7302-2020-4-162-178.

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Prince Boris N. Shakhovskoy (1870–1926), the Russian consul in Damascus from 1907 until the First World War, left to his descendants a legacy of attentive and balanced diplomacy. His reports to the Russian Embassy in Constantinople and to the 1st Division of the Foreign Ministry contain invaluable information shedding light on interfaith relations in the Syrian regions of the Ottoman Empire on the eve and after of the Young Turk Revolution, as well as on the early months of the so-called Great War (WWI). The article analyzes the messages of the diplomat on various aspects of the religious situation in the region. He considered the activities of the Islamist organization Muslim League in Damascus, which aimed at enforcing Sharia law throughout Syrian society and countering non-Muslim and European influence in the region. An anxious change in interfaith relations is being evaluated, when Muslim suspicion towards Christians grew, aggravated by the common conscription in the context of the Tripolitan and two Balkan wars. The consul attentively followed the problems of the participation of the Orthodox Arabs in the Ottoman institutions, as well as the attempts to join the English Old-Catholics to Orthodoxy, acting through Metropolitan of Beirut. Of historical interest is also the information about the transition of the Syrian Jacobites to Catholicism, as well as notes on the Catholic missions activities in the region. All these issues in the Syrian soil are viewed by the diplomat through the prism of competition between European powers, especially France and Italy.
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Caciur, Dana. "Considerations Regarding the Status of the Morlachs from the Trogir`s Hinterland at the Middle of the 16th Century: Being Subjects of the Ottoman Empire and Land Tenants of the Venetian Republic." Res Historica, no. 41 (September 29, 2016): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/rh.2016.41.95.

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<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 0.18cm;" align="JUSTIFY"> </p><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 150%;" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pl-PL">W połowie XVI stulecia prowincja Trogir, podobnie jak cała Dalmacja, odczuwała znaczący spadek gospodarczy i demograficzny. Opuszczone ziemie i wsie regionu przygranicza, oddzielające posiadłości Imperium Ottomańskiego i Republiki Weneckiej stały się nowym domem dla półkoczowniczych pasterzy Morlaków. Niektórzy spośród wcześniejszych właścicieli opuszczonych posiadłości wyprowadzili się w czasie konfliktu z Ottomanami do miast na wybrzeżu i zdecydowali się wydzierżawić swoje ziemie Morlakom, którzy przybyli tu spoza granicy. Tak stało się w przypadku wsi </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pl-PL"><em>Radosich</em></span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pl-PL">,</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pl-PL"><em> Triloque </em></span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pl-PL">i </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pl-PL"><em>Suchi Dol</em></span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pl-PL">, wydzierżawionych rodzinom Morlaków, które – w świetle dokumentów państwowych – musiały wywiązać się z obowiązków nałożonych na dalmatyńskich właścicieli. Rodzaje powinności, które miały być świadczone przez Morlaków na rzecz weneckich panów, jak również ottomańskich władców, nie różniły się tak bardzo od zobowiązań wypełnianych przez inne społeczności wołoskie zidentyfikowane w środkowej części Półwyspu Bałkańskiego. Biorąc pod uwagę fakt, że zadaniem wenecko-ottomańskiego regionu pogranicznego było utrzymanie pokoju między nimi na terenie Dalmacji, wenecka decyzja o wydzierżawieniu ziem ottomańskim poddanym jawi się jako rozwiązanie korzystne dla wszystkich zaangażowanych stron: mieszkańców Dalmacji, władz ottomańskich na Bałkanach i półkoczowniczych Morlaków. </span></span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 0.18cm;" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="pl-PL"><br /></span></span></span></p>
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Wigen, Einar. "Ottoman Concepts of Empire." Contributions to the History of Concepts 8, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 44–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/choc.2013.080103.

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Empire was never an important concept in Ottoman politics. This did not stop Ottoman rulers from laying claim to three titles that may be called imperial: halife, hakan, and kayser. Each of these pertains to different translationes imperii, or claims of descent from different empires: the Caliphate, the steppe empires of the Huns, Turks, and Mongols, and the Roman Empire. Each of the three titles was geared toward a specific audience: Muslims, Turkic nomads, and Greek-Orthodox Christians, respectively. In the nineteenth century a new audience emerged as an important source of political legitimacy: European-emergent international society. With it a new political vocabulary was introduced into the Ottoman language. Among those concepts was that of empire, which found its place in Ottoman discourse by connecting it with the existing imperial claims.
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TUNANDER, OLA. "A New Ottoman Empire?" Security Dialogue 26, no. 4 (December 1995): 413–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010695026004007.

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Başustaoğlu, Ahmet C., and Sadık Emre Karakuş. "The fight against typhus in the Ottoman Army during WWI." Microbiology Australia 35, no. 3 (2014): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma14055.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ottoman empire in WWI"

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Arslan, Ozan. "Les faits et les buts de guerre ottomans sur le front caucasien pendant la première guerre mondiale." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30102.

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Ce travail analyse la diplomatie ouverte et secrète menée par la Sublime Porte ainsi que la conduite de guerre du Haut Commandement ottoman sur le front caucasien entre 1914 et 1918 à la lumière des sources primaires comme les archives diplomatiques et militaires et les témoignages des hommes d’Etat et militaires de l’ère de la Grande Guerre, et, refuse le mythe que l’idéologie de panturquisme a déterminé les buts de guerre de la Sublime Porte sur le front caucasien pendant la Grande Guerre. Il vise à montrer qu’au lieu de l’idéalisme d’un nationalisme expansionniste c’était le pragmatisme d’une realpolitik, formulé selon les « intérêts de sécurité » de l’Etat ottoman, qui caractérisait la politique caucasienne de la Sublime Porte pendant la Première Guerre mondiale
This dissertation analyzes the Sublime Porte’s open and secret wartime diplomacy as well as the Ottoman High Command’s conduct of war on the Caucasian front during the period of 1914-18 in the light of primary sources such as the diplomatic and military archives and memoirs of statesmen and military commanders of the era. It refuses the myth which maintains that a Panturkist ideology determined the Ottoman war aims on the Caucasian front during WWI. It argues that it was the pragmatism of a Realpolitik formulated according to the “security interests” of the Ottoman state, rather than the idealism of an expansionist nationalism, which characterized the Ottoman policies toward the Caucasus during WWI
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Dangoor, Jonathan. ""No need to exaggerate" : - the 1914 Ottoman Jihad declaration in genocide historiography." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Hugo Valentin-centrum, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324712.

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Heinzelmann, Tobias. "Heiliger Kampf oder Landesverteidigung ? : die Diskussion um die Einführung der allgemeinen Militärpflicht im Osmanischen Reich 1826-1856 /." Frankfurt am Main : P. Lang, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39234189d.

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Moreau, Odile. "L'Empire ottoman à l'âge des réformes : les hommes et les idées du "Nouvel ordre" militaire, 1826-1914 /." Istanbul (Turquie) : Paris : Institut français d'études anatoliennes ; Maisonneuve & Larose, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41004386z.

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Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Histoire--Paris 4, 1997. Titre de soutenance : Entre innovation et tradition, une lecture du réformisme ottoman à travers l'outil militaire, du congrès de Berlin à la Première guerre mondiale, 1878-1909.
Bibliogr. p. 323-379. Notes bibliogr. Glossaire. Index.
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Kocak, A. "The Ottoman Empire and archaeological digs." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525625.

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Papp, Sándor. "Die Verleihungs-, Bekräftigungs- und Vertragsurkunden der Osmanen für Ungarn und Siebenbürgen : eine quellenkritische Untersuchung /." Wien : Verlag der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaft, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb413026666.

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Pistor-Hatam, Anja. "Iran und die Reformbewegung im Osmanischen Reich : Persische Staatsmänner, Reisende und Oppositionelle unter dem Einfluss der Tanẓīmāt /." Berlin : K. Schwarz, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb366782752.

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Schwarz, Klaus Römer Claudia. "Osmanische Sultansurkunden : Untersuchungen zur Einstellung und Besoldung osmanischer Militärs in der Zeit Murāds III. /." Stuttgart : F. Steiner, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37037667k.

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Texte remanié de: Habilitationsschift--Geisteswissenschaftliche Fakultät--Universität Wien, 1988. Titre de soutenance : Osmanische Sultansurkunden aus der Zeit Murāds III.
Contient les fac-similés de documents en turc ottoman et leur trad. allemande. Bibliogr. p. 238-251. Index.
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Prätor, Sabine. "Der arabische Faktor in der jungtürkischen Politik : eine Studie zum osmanischen Parlament der II. Konstitution /." Berlin : K. Schwarz, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb356149520.

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Ternon, Yves. "Empire ottoman : le déclin, la chute, l'effacement /." [Paris] : le Félin : M. de Maule, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb400532463.

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Books on the topic "Ottoman empire in WWI"

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Ottoman empire unveiled. İstanbul: Yeditepe, 2007.

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Balfour, Kinross Patrick. The Ottoman Empire. London: Folio Society, 2003.

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Balfour, Kinross Patrick. The Ottoman Empire. London: The Folio Society, 2003.

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The Ottoman Empire. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 2008.

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The Ottoman Empire. San Diego: Blackbirch Press, 2003.

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Kitsikis, Dimitri. L' Empire ottoman. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1985.

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Kermeli, Eugenia, and Oktay Özel, eds. The Ottoman Empire. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463225940.

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Republic, Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Turkish. Ottoman empire in drawings. Istanbul: Historical Research Foundation. Istanbul Research Centre, 1987.

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The Historical Research Foundation. Istanbul Research Centre. Ottoman Empire in miniatures. Istanbul: The Historical Research Foundation. Istanbul Research Centre, 1988.

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Ágoston, Gábor. Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. New York: Facts On File, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ottoman empire in WWI"

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Douglas, Roy. "Ottoman Succession." In Liquidation of Empire, 61–71. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230554566_6.

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Bozarslan, Hamit. "The Ottoman Empire." In A Companion to World War I, 494–507. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444323634.ch33.

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Heywood, Colin. "COLIN IMBER, HISTORIAN OF THE OTTOMAN STATE." In The Ottoman Empire, edited by Eugenia Kermeli and Oktay Özel, 11–16. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463225940-003.

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Morris, Rosemary. "THE EPOPTÊS THOMAS AT WORK." In The Ottoman Empire, edited by Eugenia Kermeli and Oktay Özel, 23–38. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463225940-005.

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Hopwood, Keith. "NICAEA AND HER EASTERN NEIGHBORS." In The Ottoman Empire, edited by Eugenia Kermeli and Oktay Özel, 39–46. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463225940-006.

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Lowry, Heath W. "SOME THOUGHTS ON THE MEANING OF GAZA AND AKIN IN EARLY OTTOMAN USAGE." In The Ottoman Empire, edited by Eugenia Kermeli and Oktay Özel, 47–50. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463225940-007.

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Özel, Oktay. "THE TRANSFORMATION OF PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATION IN ANATOLIA: OBSERVATIONS ON AMASYA FROM 15th to 17th CENTURIES." In The Ottoman Empire, edited by Eugenia Kermeli and Oktay Özel, 51–74. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463225940-008.

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Inan, Kenan. "ON THE SOURCES OF TURSUN BEY'S TARIH-I EBU'L-FETH." In The Ottoman Empire, edited by Eugenia Kermeli and Oktay Özel, 75–110. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463225940-009.

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Radushev, Evgeni. "THE FIRST OTTOMAN CONQUEST OF BUDA IN 1526 AND THE HISTORY OF A JEWISH FAMILY." In The Ottoman Empire, edited by Eugenia Kermeli and Oktay Özel, 111–28. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463225940-010.

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Peirce, Leslie. "IN SEARCH OF THE HAREM SEXUAL CRIME AND SOCIAL SPACE IN OTTOMAN ROYAL LAW OF THE 15TH AND 16TH CENTURIES." In The Ottoman Empire, edited by Eugenia Kermeli and Oktay Özel, 129–54. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463225940-011.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ottoman empire in WWI"

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SIMONE, Pierluigi. "THE RECASTING OF THE OTTOMAN PUBLIC DEBT AND THE ABOLITION OF THE CAPITULATIONS REGIME IN THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ACTION OF TURKEY LED BY MUSTAFA KEMAL ATATÜRK." In 9. Uluslararası Atatürk Kongresi. Ankara: Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Yayınları, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51824/978-975-17-4794-5.64.

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The recast of the international debt contracted by the former Ottoman Empire and the overcoming of the capitulations regime that had afflicted Turkey for centuries, are two of the most relevant sectors in which the political and diplomatic action promoted by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk has been expressed. Extremely relevant in this regard are the different disciplines established, respectively, by the Treaty of Sèvres in 1920 and then by the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923. After the Ottoman Government defaulted in 1875, an agreement (the Decree of Muharrem) was concluded in 1881 between the Ottoman Government and representatives of its foreign and domestic creditors for the resumption of payments on Ottoman bonds, and a European control of a part of the Imperial revenues was instituted through the Administration of the Ottoman Public Debt. At the same time, the Ottoman Empire was burdened by capitulations, conferring rights and privileges in favour of their subjects resident or trading in the Ottoman lands, following the policy towards European States of the Byzantine Empire. According to these capitulations, traders entering the Ottoman Empire were exempt from local prosecution, local taxation, local conscription, and the searching of their domicile. The capitulations were initially made during the Ottoman Empire’s military dominance, to entice and encourage commercial exchanges with Western merchants. However, after dominance shifted to Europe, significant economic and political advantages were granted to the European Powers by the Ottoman Empire. Both regimes, substantially maintained by the Treaty of Sèvres, were considered unacceptable by the Nationalist Movement led by Mustafa Kemal and therefore became the subject of negotiations during the Conference of Lausanne. The definitive overcoming of both of them, therefore represents one of the most evident examples of the reacquisition of the full sovereignty of the Republic of Turkey.
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Söğüt, Sibel Gürses. "Projects in Sultanahmet Square in the Late Ottoman Period." In 4th International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism – Full book proceedings of ICCAUA2020, 6-8 May 2020. Alanya Hamdullah Emin Paşa University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/z_iccaua2021tr0031n18.

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In the 19th century, the foci of the spatial change in the capital of the Ottoman Empire were the squares dating back to the previous period. As buildings were endowed by their builders, the Byzantine forums had disappeared during the Ottoman Empire. During this period, the only place known and named as a square was the Hippodrome (Atmeydanı). To the south of Hagia Sophia, a part of the old Augustaion, whose exact boundaries cannot be determined, turned into a neighborhood. After the fire in 1913 which demolished the neighborhood, the area once more transformed into a square (Hagia Sophia Square). Today, this area is called Sultanahmet Square and is home to one of the first modern indicators of the period, the Darülfünun building, inaugurated in 1863 as university but later used as the Ministry of Justice building. In the blocks overlooking the square, a project for the Zaptieh building to replace the old Finance Administration building came to the fore in 1869, and later in 1871, the first model Central Prison was built next to the Ibrahim Pasha Palace. However, it was demolished in 1939 when the Courthouse was being built, and the prisoners were transferred to the Sultanahmet Jail, built in the “New Ottoman” style in 1918 to the east of Darülfünun. Decorated with symbols of power since the Byzantine, this square continued to be the “central square of the Empire” with different manifestations in the 19th century.
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Bilgeç, Hakan. "Women in Business Life in the 20th Century Ottoman Empire: A Case Analysis." In 7th International Conference on Gender Studies: Gender, Space, Place & Culture. Eastern Mediterranean University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33831/gspc19/468-486/30.

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Muttaqin, Mohammad, Azyumardi Azra, Didin Saepudin, Fuad Jabali, Amany Lubis, and Zainun Fakih. "The Rise and Fall of Ottoman Empire and How It Fits Ibnu Khaldun’s Theory." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Colloquium on Interdisciplinary Islamic Studies, ICIIS 2020, 20-21 October 2020, Jakarta, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.20-10-2020.2305158.

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Ory, Vincent. "“Locking up the Strait in the fifteenth century’s Ottoman Mediterranean”: The Bosporus’ sea forts of Mehmet II (1452)." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11333.

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In the fifteenth century, the Mediterranean world was in turmoil. A new sultan, Mehmet II, had just inherited a vast empire stretching over two continents in the centre of which the ruins of the Byzantine Empire survived through the city of Constantinople. In order to seal his accession, he therefore undertook important preparations to conquer the “City guarded by God”. Mehmet then ordered the construction, within 4 months, of an imposing fortress nicknamed Boǧazkesen (the throat cutter). This coup de force is a testimony to the incredible military and economic power of this growing empire that masters a new war technology: artillery. The Ottomans, who were still novices in this field, had therefore had to adapt their fortifications to the use of firearms. Using local and foreign architects and engineers, the Ottoman fortifications built in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries bear witness to an architectural experimentation that seems to testify, like the work carried out in Rhodes by Pierre d’Aubusson or in Methoni by the Venetians, to a real research in terms of offensive and defensive effectiveness. In this context, the fortifications of Rumeli Hisarı and Anadolu Hisarı, built on either side of the narrowest point of the Bosporus in 1451-1452, are characterized by the presence of large coastal batteries that operate together. They were to block access to Constantinople by the Black Sea, combining sinking and dismasting fire.
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Kononenko, Evgenii. "“Ottoman” VS “Turkish”: Rhetoric and Architectural Practice on the Eve of the Division of the Empire." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Art Studies: Science, Experience, Education (ICASSEE 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icassee-18.2018.76.

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Miqdad oğlu Mustafayev, Beşir, and Elif Yıldız İbrahim kızı Yüce. "Correspondence between the Ottomans and Sheikh Shamil during the Crimean War: in the light of archival documents." In IV INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CONFERENCE. https://aem.az/, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/2021/02/02.

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Our aim in this research is to discuss the correspondence with the Ottoman State during the Crimean War, as well as the opposition of Sheikh Shamil, with whom the Russians encountered during their invasion of the North Caucasus. Crimea is a Turkish country, has historically been a place of invasion by various foreign forces due to its geographical location and strategic location. The growing appetite of the Tsarist Russian Empire, the main purpose of which was to capture Istanbul and the right to vote in the straits, led to the beginning of the Crimean War. The Russian leadership began the war, by taking advantage of the privileges granted by the Ottomans to Christians Catholics in Jerusalem, the Armenians in Anatolia and the Greek Greeks. Although the Ottomans ended their relations with the Russians, but the Russian army went on a new offensive. Despite the fact that they did not openly declare war, they captured Eflak (Romania) and Bogdan (Moldova). On October 4, 1853, the Ottoman State declared war on Tsarist Russia. On the other hand, as far as the interests and power of the Ottoman State in Crimea were weakened, the Turkish rulers approached the Russians and over time fell victim to the Russian leadership's plan. Key words: North Caucasian, Ottoman, Russia, Sheikh Shamil, Crimean War
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Martorano, Francesca. "Piani di fortificazione in Calabria Ultra tra XVI e XVII secolo." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11326.

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Fortification plans in Calabria Ultra between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuriesThe Crown of Spain acquired, as it is known, the kingdom of Naples in 1504, which as Viceregno it will be part of the Spanish empire for more than two centuries. The empire between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was faced with various challenges, both internal and boundary, particularly maritime, attacked by the Ottoman expansion. Urban and coastal fortification plans were prepared and put in place to defend the territory. Calabria was also a participant in this effort, which the Viceroys directed and followed from Naples, with the approval of Madrid. This study examines the projects and achievements implemented in the chronological period under consideration in Calabria Ultra, current provinces of Reggio Calabria, Vibo Valentia, Catanzaro and Crotone. Particular attention is paid to coastal defense plans with the design of new towers, which combined with city walls and/or castles in state-owned or feudal cities, complement the defensive projects of the coasts. It is important to highlight how the types adopted are consistent with coherent implementations implemented in the extended territory of the empire, thus declaring widespread knowledge and cultural identity in the Europe of the time.
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Miller, Wallis. "Renovation and Representation : Schinkel's Neue Wache and the Politics of German Memory." In 1995 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.1995.31.

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Since the beginning of the 18th century, the instability of the PrussianIGerman state has affected the shape of Berlin. Constant shifts in the boundaries of the empire as well as in its ideology have forced countless architectural redefinitions of the center of its capital. The decisions to preserve, renovate, or replace Berlin’s monuments have thus always been caught between considerations of their ideological impact and their effect on the body of historic docurnentation. Schinkel’s Neue Wache grew out of this tension. It was originally designed and subsequently renovated at significant points of change in German history: it was designed after the defeat of Napoleon and renovated after WWI, modified during the Nazi period, and substantially changed at three points after WWII: in the early years of the German Democratic Republic, at the height of the Cold War, and after reunification in 1993. Consequently, its architecture has always borne traces of history consciously transformed by the ideologies of the present.
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Berkant, PATOGLU, Emrah, and DOGAN, Ayhan. "Reward and Punishment System Applied to Students in Military Educational Institutions in the Ottoman Empire: the Example of Military Secondary School." In 2nd International Conference on Future of Teaching and Education. GLOBALKS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/2nd.icfte.2019.12.865.

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Reports on the topic "Ottoman empire in WWI"

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Laster, James B. Strategic Potential of the Late Ottoman Empire. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada441604.

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