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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ottoman'
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Ozturk, Doga. "“Remembering” Egypt’s Ottoman Past: Ottoman Consciousness in Egypt, 1841-1914." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1595487290477278.
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Yapicioğlu, Can. "La ville d'Antioche à l'époque Ottomane : (depuis la conquête de la Syrie par Sélim I en 1516)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3126.
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La ville d'Antioche fut parmi les villes qui aspiraient une prédominance à la culture, à l'éloquence, à l'enseignement, à l'art mais aussi à l'artisanat et au commerce. Un lieu privilégié de la rencontre avec le reste du monde hellénique et, en même temps, la porte de l'Asie profonde, une ville puissante du Proche-Orient, une base administrative et militaire de premier ordre.Le but est de décrire une ville ottomane formée de quelques quartiers, sa campagne, sa population hétérogène qui vivent essentiellement de l'agriculture, de l'artisanat et du commerce. Une situation décrite dans les registres ottomans conçus au départ pour recenser les foyers fiscaux, les lieux habités, les activités de la population et la production locale, afin de fixer les impôts à récolter. Ce travail est renforcé par des récits de voyage qui décrivent une situation différente, mélancolique et nostalgique à la fois. L'intérêt est de peindre un tableau de la ville tout en essayant de comprendre sa viabilité dans l'espace ottoman. Associés aux sources ottomanes, les textes des voyageurs sont précieux pour un rapprochement des éléments essentiels de l'histoire de la ville.Enfin, pour mieux comprendre la situation de la ville à l'époque ottomane, survoler l'époque mamelouk nous est indispensable. Nous avons ajouté un chapitre sur la chute de la Principauté latine d'Antioche, la division administrative de la Syrie du Nord, la description de la ville par les chroniques et récits de voyage, les bouleversements et la situation générale sous les Mamelouks. Ce chapitre sert de guide afin de tracer un tableau fidèle et jeter la lumière sur une foule de points demeurés obscurs<br>The city of Antioch was among the cities that aspired to a predominance culture, eloquence, education, art, but also crafts and trade. A privileged place of encounter with the rest of the Hellenic world, and at the same time, the door of deep Asia, a powerful city of the Middle East, administrative and military order first base.Meanwhile, this work is enhanced by travel stories that describe a different, melancholic and nostalgic at the same time position. The advantage of this formula is to paint a picture of the city while trying to understand the viability of the Ottoman space. Associated with the Ottoman sources, the texts of travelers are valuable for a reconciliation of the essential elements of the history of the city.In this thesis, the goal is not to show again the saga of the metropolis, but to describe an Ottoman town consisted of a few neighborhoods, countryside, its heterogeneous population that lives mainly on agriculture, crafts and trade. A situation described in the Ottoman records originally designed to identify tax households, populated places, the activities of the local population and production, to set taxes to collect.Finally, to better understand the situation of the city in the Ottoman era, fly over the previous period, the Mamluk era, is indispensable. That is why we have added a chapter on the fall of the Latin Principality of Antioch, the administrative division of the northern Syria, the description of the city and tales from travel disruption and the general situation in the Mamluks. This chapter, we consider it useful and interesting to our thesis serves as a guide to draw a fair and shed light on a host of issues remained unclear
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Cicektakan, Nazim Can. "Great Britain and the Ottoman Empire : British discourses on the 'Ottomans', 1860-1878." Thesis, University of Essex, 2014. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/15416/.
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This dissertation explores British perceptions of and discourses on the ‘Ottomans’ in the mid-nineteenth century, which have been largely overlooked in the existing literature. It approaches the question through three case studies analysing the construction of the perceptions through a discourse-analytic framework. This thesis is divided into two main parts, with the first part providing essential background information for the three case studies which make up the second part. Chapter 1 (Introduction) sets out the research question and the methodology. Chapter 2 looks at the development of Anglo-Ottoman relations from the beginning until the nineteenth century, identifying important stages in these relations which in turn impacted upon British perceptions. These early British perceptions are traced in Chapter 3, indentifying a range of perceptions none of which achieve a dominant position in the British public discourse on the Ottoman Empire and the Ottomans. Part 2 constitutes the core of the dissertation. Chapter 4 focuses on Britain and the Ottoman Empire in the 1860s and 1870s, analysing the wider setting which forms the background to the case studies. Chapter 5 examines the Lebanon Crisis of 1860 tracing the formation of two discourses on the Ottomans in Britain: the sick-man discourse and the integrity discourse, which competed for dominance in the public debate. Chapter 6 examines the Cretan Crisis of 1866, which showed the continued use of these two discourses, with the sick-man discourse finding more support but not yet dominating the debate. This changes during the Bulgarian Atrocities Campaign of 1876, which is explored in Chapter 7. During this crisis, the sick-man discourse undergoes both a radicalisation and popularisation following the graphic coverage in the British press of the atrocities committed in the Balkans which is picked up by politicians who feel the need to respond to pressure from the streets. The Conclusion sums up the main findings of the dissertation and discusses how far the nineteenth-century constructions of the Ottomans as the ‘other’ in Britain remain relevant in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, when the Muslims take the place of the Ottomans as the ‘other’.
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Baltacioglu-Brammer, Ayse. "Safavid Conversion Propaganda in Ottoman Anatolia and the Ottoman Reaction, 1440s-1630s." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1466582807.
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Heinzelmann, Tobias. "Heiliger Kampf oder Landesverteidigung ? : die Diskussion um die Einführung der allgemeinen Militärpflicht im Osmanischen Reich 1826-1856 /." Frankfurt am Main : P. Lang, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39234189d.
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Moreau, Odile. "L'Empire ottoman à l'âge des réformes : les hommes et les idées du "Nouvel ordre" militaire, 1826-1914 /." Istanbul (Turquie) : Paris : Institut français d'études anatoliennes ; Maisonneuve & Larose, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41004386z.
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Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Histoire--Paris 4, 1997. Titre de soutenance : Entre innovation et tradition, une lecture du réformisme ottoman à travers l'outil militaire, du congrès de Berlin à la Première guerre mondiale, 1878-1909.<br>Bibliogr. p. 323-379. Notes bibliogr. Glossaire. Index.
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Kaplan, Ferhat. "The Role Of The Young Ottomans In The Transformation Of Mentality In The Ottoman Empire." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608358/index.pdf.
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The main topic of this study is determining the role of the Young Ottomans in mentality transformation in the Ottoman Empire from the traditional one to a modern one. Their proposals aim to change three patterns of the Ottoman state and society. The relation between state and the individual is the first issue. They tried to create an Ottoman citizenry, enhanced with freedom and political rights, from a reaya. In the second step they imagined a modern society. Their proposals, which imply a secular system, aim to secure the people from the yoke of the tradition and some religious bonds. Nationalism is also important for the abolition of the traditional stratification of the Ottoman society. As a last point, the individual, himself, is tried to be changed into an active, enthusiastic, this-worldly, and rational being. However what is interesting is that while their main concern had been the survival of the Ottoman Empire and the Islamic order, their proposals had the potential to undermine these very institutions. This study will try to find the traces of these contradictions and the beginning of a mental transformation.
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Akarli, Ahmet Orhun. "Growth and retardation in the Ottoman economy : the case of Ottoman Selanik, 1876-1912." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2001. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2262/.
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During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Selanik became one of most modernised and dynamic regions of the Ottoman Empire. With its tightly knit marketing networks and extensive railway systems, relatively well-developed financial markets, fluid land market, modem factories, burgeoning urban areas and port-cities, Selanik had clearly become one of the leading commercial regions of the entire eastern Mediterranean basin by the turn of the twentieth century. Two primary forces underlay the process of economic modernisation in the region, namely the capitalist world economy and the reform efforts of the Ottoman government. Enhanced integration with the world economy brought new opportunities and helped bolster economic modernisation in the region. The reform efforts and infrastructure investments of the Ottoman state also contributed to the moment of commercialisation and modernisation. Notwithstanding the impressive dynamism and apparent modernisation of the regional economy, serious processes of retardation and backwardness also surfaced rather strongly during the same period. Ironically, the very same forces that generated much dynamism in the regional economy also prepared the structural ground for retardation and backwardness. More specifically, the growing moment of commercialisation and enhanced integration with the world capitalist economy created serious dislocations in the agrarian economy and prepared ground for economic retardation. Likewise, the organisational, fiscal and diplomatic weakness of the Ottoman government undermined the existing potential for economic development and growth. Thus, a dual economic structure emerged whereby facets of "modernity" and growth meshed with those of economic retardation and backwardness. The socioeconomic tensions and contradictions building up in this process prepared the structural background to the dissolution and eventual collapse of the Ottoman rule in the Balkans. In other words, the sporadic fits of modernity and growth could not be sustained, given the overwhelming dominance of European economic interests and the apparent weakness of the Ottoman state. The conflict ridden transformation process simply erupted in uprising, revolution and war.
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Barzilai-Lumbroso, Ruth. "Turkish men, Ottoman women popular Turkish historians and the writing of Ottoman women's history /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1481675031&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Baykal, Erol Adnan Ferdi. "The Ottoman Press, 1908-1923." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/245088.
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Ennas, Giorgio <1989>. "OTTOMAN éLITES AND MODERNISATION ACTORS." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9255.
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Giorgio Ennas
Presentazione della tesi di laurea magistrale:
Ottoman élites and modernisation actors
La tesi ha come tema centrale il binomio di “Modernizzazione-Occidentalizzazione”. L’analisi si muove all’interno di un arco di tempo, che va dal 1826 al 1912, e prende in considerazione una particolare entità socio-politica, il tardo Impero ottomano.
Questo lavoro analizza un particolarissimo caso di studio, quello del tardo Impero ottomano. Le velleità colonialistiche degli stati europei nei confronti di quella che era stata la principale potenza islamica del Vicino Oriente in Età moderna presenta caratteri rilevanti e unici. Escludendo l’espansione europea sulle province periferiche dell’Impero tra XVIII° e XIX° secolo, la colonizzazione militare effettiva avvenne solo con la fine della Prima Guerra Mondiale, alla quale l’Impero partecipò alla pari delle altre potenze europee, e con il Trattato di Sèvres del 10 agosto 1920.
Fino alla Prima Guerra Mondiale l’Impero ottomano era riuscito a mantenere la propria indipendenza e gran parte del territorio imperiale attraverso un complesso gioco diplomatico che aveva visto coinvolta in primo piano, fin dall’inizio del XVIII° secolo, una nuova classe in ascesa, quella dei Paşa.
Si trattava di una nuova classe dominante, che trovava plausibilità nell’attività amministrativa e diplomatica e che basava la sua autorità all’interno della società ottomana sulla conoscenza delle lingue occidentali e sui suoi legami diplomatici con i principali stati europei del Settecento e dell’Ottocento. La sua formazione era stata voluta e appoggiata dal potere centrale fin dall’epoca conosciuta come Lâle Devri (1703-1730). Il sultano Aḥmed III, il gran visir Damad Ibrahim Paşa e i loro successori progettarono consapevolmente la formazione di una nuova élite “di penna” che potesse fungere da intermediaria tra l’Impero ottomano e i più moderni tra gli stati dell’Europa. Questa élite, educata nell’ammirazione delle tecniche, delle culture e dei sistemi di vita sviluppati nei paesi più avanzati del continente europeo avrebbe dovuto portare avanti un processo di sviluppo prendendo a modello quelli considerati più “evoluti”. Tale processo può essere rapidamente descritto attraverso il binomio di Modernizzazione-Occidentalizzazione.
Questo processo mirava, attraverso una serie di riforme “modernizzatrici”, ad adattare e conformare il sistema ottomano a quello europeo. Nel particolare, queste riforme, che ebbero luogo soprattutto nel corso del XIX° secolo, ebbero come fine l’importazione e l’adattamento di idee e di strutture burocratiche, elaborate nei paesi caratterizzati dalla cosidetta “cultura occidentale”, alla realtà ottomana.
Questo processo di “modernizzazione”, ebbe la responsabilità di traghettare nell’ Impero ottomano e attraverso questo, in buona parte del Medio Oriente, numerose strutture culturali e politiche del mondo europeo. Tale processo di “importazione” o di “migrazione” delle idee cambiò radicalmente le società islamiche che caratterizzavano la zona del Vicino Oriente.
La cultura “Neo-ottomana”, na
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Cetinsaya, Gokhan. "Ottoman administration of Iraq 1890-1908." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510047.
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Kocak, A. "The Ottoman Empire and archaeological digs." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525625.
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Johnson, Brian Davin. "The Ottoman currency system (1687-1754) /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10508.
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Tabet, Alfred Roubier Paul. "La preuve testimoniale en droit ottoman." Lyon : Université Lyon3, 2006. http://thesesbrain.univ-lyon3.fr/sdx/theses/lyon3/1990/tabet_a.
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Pistor-Hatam, Anja. "Iran und die Reformbewegung im Osmanischen Reich : Persische Staatsmänner, Reisende und Oppositionelle unter dem Einfluss der Tanẓīmāt /." Berlin : K. Schwarz, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb366782752.
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Papp, Sándor. "Die Verleihungs-, Bekräftigungs- und Vertragsurkunden der Osmanen für Ungarn und Siebenbürgen : eine quellenkritische Untersuchung /." Wien : Verlag der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaft, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb413026666.
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Prätor, Sabine. "Der arabische Faktor in der jungtürkischen Politik : eine Studie zum osmanischen Parlament der II. Konstitution /." Berlin : K. Schwarz, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb356149520.
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Schwarz, Klaus Römer Claudia. "Osmanische Sultansurkunden : Untersuchungen zur Einstellung und Besoldung osmanischer Militärs in der Zeit Murāds III. /." Stuttgart : F. Steiner, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37037667k.
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Texte remanié de: Habilitationsschift--Geisteswissenschaftliche Fakultät--Universität Wien, 1988. Titre de soutenance : Osmanische Sultansurkunden aus der Zeit Murāds III.<br>Contient les fac-similés de documents en turc ottoman et leur trad. allemande. Bibliogr. p. 238-251. Index.
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De, Obaldia Vanessa. "A legal and historical study of latin Catholic Church properties in Istanbul from the Ottoman conquest of 1453 until 1740." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/181218_DEOBALDIA_950zool334klwtak438w683zslqt_TH.pdf.
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Cette thèse de doctorat aborde les sujets des propriétés des églises latines catholiques et leurs ordres religieux affiliés dans les districts chrétiens d’Istanbul du point de vue de la doctrine et de la pratique juridiques ottomanes. Ces thèmes sont principalement explorés à travers les sources primaires ottomanes des archives conventuelles des Dominicains des Sts Pierre et Paul à Galata et des Capucins de St Louis des Français à Pera. La 1ère partie situe la communauté catholique, les religieux et les propriétés en matière de localisation, de démographie et de statut juridique. La 2ème partie présente une vue d'ensemble des droits fonciers et de propriété des minorités de Galata en général et des biens ecclésiastiques catholiques en particulier. La 3ème partie examine trois litiges de propriété ainsi que les implications conceptuelles et pratiques du vakıf chrétien. La 4ème partie se concentre sur le rôle diplomatique joué par la France et son influence sur les affaires des églises<br>This doctoral thesis addresses the subjects of Latin Catholic ecclesiastical properties and their affiliated religious orders in Istanbul’s traditionally Christian districts of Galata and Pera from the perspective of Ottoman legal doctrine and practice. These themes are explored primarily through Ottoman primary sources from the conventual archives of the Dominicans of SS. Peter and Paul in Galata and of the Capuchins of St. Louis of the French in Pera. Part I situates the Latin Catholic community, religious orders and properties in terms of their location, demographics, legal status and representatives. Part II presents an overview of the land and property rights of minorities in Galata in general and of Latin Catholic ecclesiastical properties in particular. Part III examines three property disputes as well as the conceptual and practical implications of the Christian vakıf. Part IV focuses on the diplomatic role played by France and its influence over the churches’ affairs
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Calis, Deniz Bahar. "Ideal And Real Spaces Of Ottoman Imagination: Continuity And Change In Ottoman Rituals Of Poetry (istanbul, 1453-1730)." Phd thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12605515/index.pdf.
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Ottoman poerty comprised different genres, each reflecting an attitude towards Ottoman social order, gave rise to ritualized practices. Gazel poetry, performed in gardens, was an expression of Ottoman Orthodox society. Sehrengiz, performed in city spaces, was an expression of heterodox groups following after the ideals of the 13th c. philosopher Ibn al'<br>Arabi who proposed a theory of "<br>creative imagination"<br>and a three tiered definition of space: the ideal, the real, and the intermediary. In gazel rituals, Ottoman orthodox society reasserted the primacy of group over the individual in ideal and real garden spaces. In Sehrengiz rituals, on the contrary, marginal groups from the early 16th c. to the early 18th c. emphasized the auonomy of individal self and aimed at reconciling orthodox and heterodox worlds, and thus their spaces and inhabitants in ideal spaces of sufi imagination and real spaces of the city. In the early 18th c. liminal expressions of these marginal groups gave rise to new urban rituals adopted by the Ottoman court society and expressed in the poetry of Nedim. owever, this cultural revolution of the Otoman court came to an end with theevents of 1730, marking a turning point in the modernization of Ottoman culture that had its roots in the early 16th c. as a marginal protest movement and pursued itself afterwards until the early 18th c. as a movement of urban space reform.
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Kihtir, Ozturk Pelin. "Urban Transformation Of Ottoman Port Cities In The Nineteenth Century: Change From Ottoman Beirut To French Mandatory Beirut." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607699/index.pdf.
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This thesis attempts to give the increasing importance of Ottoman port cities in the urban hierarchy during the nineteenth century and analyzes the urban transformation of these cities under the forces of changing administrative and socio-economic structure of the empire. The impact of European economic penetration and Ottoman Tanzimat Reforms were indicated as major causes for this changing structure.
Beirut, being one of the major port cities of the Ottoman Empire is studied as a case study. The changing administrative and socio-economic structure of the Empire created an urban transformation which changed the city to a cosmopolitan trade capital from a small fortified port city.
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Farooqi, Naimur Rahman. "Mughal-Ottoman relations : a study of political & diplomatic relations between Mughal India and Ottoman Empire, 1556-1748 /." Delhi : Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39042050g.
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Papatheodorou, Artemis. "Ottoman policy-making in an age of reforms : unearthing Ottoman archaeology in the 19th and early 20th centuries." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:28bd820a-de71-4d38-a582-fa2c99ab8e6a.
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This thesis discusses the Ottoman policies on archaeology in the aftermath of the initiation of the Tanzimat reforms (1839) and until the end of the Ottoman Empire (1923). It explores the activities of the central state, the autonomous Principality of Samos in the Aegean, and the Hellenic Literary Society at Constantinople. Primary and secondary sources in Ottoman Turkish, Katharevousa Greek, Modern Turkish and Modern Greek, English and French inform the analysis. The first chapter looks at the contexts within which an Ottoman interest in archaeology emerged. It discusses the rise of archaeology as a distinct area of scientific and scholarly research in the 19th and early 20th centuries, the encounters of the Ottomans with western archaeologies in that period, and those domestic intellectual dynamics that made them receptive to archaeology. The second chapter focuses on the Ottoman legislation on antiquities, and secondarily looks at related institutional developments. It discusses at length the emergence of an Ottoman voice on archaeology through the crystallisation of increasingly comprehensive and mature sets of rules and procedures on heritage management. By looking at the autonomous Principality of Samos, the third chapter shifts the attention to the western periphery of the empire, and explores how the Greek Orthodox, when outside the direct control of the central state, could develop their own understanding of, processes and structures regarding archaeology. The fourth chapter looks, for the first time in the literature, at the archaeological activities of the Hellenic Literary Society at Constantinople, and discusses the contribution of Ottoman society to the promotion of archaeological research and the protection of monuments. Overall, this thesis provides a critical analysis of the emergence of the concept and practice of archaeological heritage protection in the Ottoman Empire in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
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Karabıçak, Yusuf Ziya. "Local Patriots and Ecumenical Ottomans : the Orthodox Patriarchate of Constantinople in the Ottoman Configuration of Power, 1768-1828." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0123.
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Cette thèse est une étude des relations entre le gouvernement ottoman et le Patriarcat orthodoxe de Constantinople entre 1768 et 1828. Elle vise à lire la transformation ottomane à l'ère des révolutions en référence aux populations chrétiennes orthodoxes de l'Europe ottomane. La thèse se concentre sur trois points de crise : la guerre ottomane-russe de 1768-1774, la révolte serbe de 1804-1813 et la guerre d'indépendance grecque de 1821. L'argument principal est que les troubles de la fin du XVIIIe siècle, l’émergence des idéologies révolutionnaires et l'effondrement de la sécurité dans des régions comme la Morée, la Serbie, la Moldavie et la Valachie a forcé le gouvernement ottoman et le patriarcat orthodoxe à développer de nouvelles relations dans le but de contrôler les aspirations locales. Cette relation a été testée plusieurs fois et a été constamment reformulée tout au long de cette période<br>This dissertation is a study of the relationship between the Ottoman government and the Orthodox Patriarchate of Constantinople between 1768 and 1828. It aims to read Ottoman transformation in the Age of Revolutions by reference to Christian Orthodox populations of Ottoman Europe. The thesis focuses on three crisis points: The Ottoman-Russian War of 1768-1774, the Serbian Revolt of 1804-1813 and the Greek War of Independence of 1821. The main argument is that the turmoil of late 18th century, the rise of revolutionary ideologies and the breakdown of security in regions like the Morea, Serbia, Moldavia and Wallachia forced the Ottoman government and the Orthodox Patriarchate to develop a new relationship with the aim of controlling local aspirations. This relationship was tested several times and was in constant reformulation throughout this period
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Asir, Seven. "The Mentalities Of." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1147826/index.pdf.
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This study is an attempt to challenge the conventional decline-irrationality literature in the Ottoman historiography. Conventional view presented a way of thinking that is unfavorable to the rational economic behavior as the explanatory factor for the so-called decline of Ottoman Empire. Using an explicitly comparative approach, main aim of the study is to account for the specific trajectory of the Ottoman transformation without recourse to the conventional view. Juxtaposing the Ottoman and Western experience, the traditional explanation runs through the specific trajectory of Ottoman transformation in terms of its mental inferiority with respect to the so-called Western rationale. In contradistinction, this study aims to demonstrate that the Ottoman and Spanish experiences can be analyzed within the same comparative framework without an eye to such factors as &lsquo<br>irrationality&rsquo<br>.
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Palabiyik, Mustafa Serdar. "Travel, Civilization And The East: Ottoman Travellers." Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611743/index.pdf.
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This thesis analyzes the Ottoman travellers&rsquo<br>perception of &ldquo<br>the East&rdquo<br>in the late Ottoman Empire. In doing that, it links the Ottoman intellectual debates on the concept of civilization to their perceptions on the non-European lands and peoples. It mainly argues that the Ottoman intellectuals&rsquo<br>attempt to create a synthesis between the material elements of Western civilization and their own morality resulted in a perception of the East different from the Western perceptions. While the Western perceptions envisage a monolithic, unchanging and static East, the Ottoman perceptions vary in accordance with the temporal and spatial setting as well as with the intellectual inclinations of the travellers. Hence, this thesis contributes to the literature by fulfilling the gap about the Ottoman perceptions of the concepts of civilization and the East, by questioning the limits of existing literature on the Ottoman perception of the East which defines it as Orientalist/colonialist, by attracting attention to the use of Ottoman travel literature in understanding the Ottoman identity and their perception of the world, and, finally, by underlining the importance of the Ottoman perceptions of civilization and the East in understanding the historical roots of the &ldquo<br>identity question&rdquo<br>in Turkey.
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Belgasem, Fatima Essadek Ali. "Representations of Ottoman sultans in Elizabethan times." Thesis, Durham University, 2013. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7384/.
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The thesis examines the representations of Ottoman sultans in texts produced during the Elizabethan period. The study covers Elizabethan travelogues, historical writing, and drama. The analysis shows that diverse factors related to authors, context and the nature of genres influenced the portrayal of the sultans and generated multiple and inconsistent representations of this Eastern figure. The thesis reads English texts alongside Eastern sources; these include letters sent from members of the Ottoman dynasty to Queen Elizabeth I and an Arabic historical work written by the Mamluk historian Shihab al-Din Ibn Iyas. The inclusion of such material in the study allows for the exploration of an Eastern point of view and provides an alternative narrative that contrasts with, and sheds light on, English perspectives. The thesis also explores the textual characteristics of the genres under discussion and considers critical and cultural issues such as authorial subjectivity, Otherness and cross-cultural encounters.
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Menguc, Murat Cem. "A study of 15th-century Ottoman historiography." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612101.
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Ternon, Yves. "Empire ottoman : le déclin, la chute, l'effacement /." [Paris] : le Félin : M. de Maule, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb400532463.
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Hickok, Michael Robert. "Ottoman military administration in eighteenth-century Bosnia /." Leiden : Brill, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39037291m.
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Nam, Mehmet. "La crise de la fin de l'empire Ottoman : Le combat politique et religieux de Mustafa Sabri." Paris, INALCO, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INAL0011.
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Cette thèse s'intéresse à la fin de l'ère ottomane. Elle étudie notamment les propositions des islamistes pour sortir l'Etat de la crise politique régnante ainsi que les querelles politiques qui sévirent lors des différentes étapes de la fondation de la république. Il y est question de la lutte entre la modernisation et l'esprit conservateur. Afin de mieux comprendre le point de vue des islamistes conservateurs défendant la tradition et le califat ainsi que cela des modernistes dont l'aboutissement fut la fondation de la république, nous avons choisi d'analyser ces avis et ces combats à travers la perspective sabrienne, Mustafa Sabri ayant été d'abord leader d'un parti d'opposition puis cheikh ul-islam. L'association des débats d'aujourd'hui à ceux d'autrefois: le califat, la séparation de la religion et de l'État (laïcité), le nationalisme, la place de la femme, le culte en langue nationale, permet, nous semble-t-il, de contribuer à l'élaboration de solution les concernant puisqu'ils perdurent jusqu'à nos jours<br>The broad object of this study is to examine the end of the Ottoman Era. It pays close attention to the Islamists' proposals to pull the State out of the prevailing political crisis and it also follows the fierce political debates that emerged during the different steps leading to the foundation of the Republic of Turkey. This study brings to light the conflict between modernization and conservatism. In order to have a better understanding ot the views expressed by, on the one hand, the conservative islamists defending tradition and the calliphate, and on the otherhand, the modernists whose goal was the foundation of the Republic, this study was conducted with a Sabrian perspective-Mustafa Sabri being first a leader of an opposition party and then a Cheih ul islam. The paralell drawn between today's debates and those occuring then (the calliphate, the separation between religion and State (laïcité), nationalism, women's place in society, the prayer in national language) seems to allow for the élaboration of solutions concerning these issues, since they still exist today
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Zeren, Baris. "The Formation of Constitutional Rule : the Politics of Ottomanism between de jure and de facto (1908-1913)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0056.
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La présente thèse vise à étudier le fonctionnement et les résultats d'une expérience constitutionnelle orientée pour surmonter "l'ancien régime" et pour former une identité nationale ottomane par les promesses de l’état de droit et du respect des procédures parlementaires. À cet égard, l’étude se concentre sur une série des pratiques administratives et législatives au début de l'époque de Meşrutiyet entre les années 1908 et 1913.La thèse observe les processus de la promulgation et l’application des lois critiques pour créer une unification nationale, notamment la loi martiale et la loi de la conscription militaire des non-musulmanes ottomanes surtout en relation avec les réseaux politiques des Bulgares Macédoniens et Helléniques. En traçant le développement des tensions autour de ces lois à Istanbul et en Roumélie, la thèse expose les déviations dans l’interprétation de Kanun-i Esasi par les représentants des divers factions sociopolitiques, l’hétérogénéité dans les attitudes des acteurs locaux et centraux et le rôle déterminant des rivalités locales dans la formation d’un corpus juridique en particulier et une souveraineté constitutionnelle en général<br>The dissertation examines the functioning of Ottoman constitutional rule born in 1908 which aimed at forming a new body politic, an Ottoman nation, on the sociopolitical structure inherited from the "old regime.” As this Ottomanism, which was officially and publicly referred as "the unity of elements" (ittihad-ı anasır), was closely related with the promise of parliamentarianism and the rule of constitutional norms, the dissertation focuses on the legislative and administrative practices starting in Spring 1909 until the outbreak of the Balkan Wars. To this end, the study follows the enactment and application phases of certain critical laws in creating such a national unification — the martial law and the law on the conscription of non-Muslims to the Ottoman army — with specific emphasis on Macedonian-Bulgarian and Hellenist political networks. Tracing the development of tensions and strategies among official and civil political actors in Istanbul and Rumelia evolving around these laws, the dissertation demonstrates deviations in the interpretation of the Kanun-ı Esasi by various representatives of sociopolitical factions, the heterogeneity of attitudes of central and local political actors, and the effective role of local struggles in the development of constitutional sovereignty
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Şahin, Gürsoy. "İngiliz seyehatnamelerinde Osmanlı toplumu ve Türk imajı /." İstanbul : Gökkubbe, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41390598x.
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Yazici, Cörüt Gözde. "Ambivalent loyalties and Imperial citizenship on the Russo-Ottoman border between 1878 and 1914 : an analysis of the Ottoman perspective." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/ambivalent-loyalties-and-imperial-citizenship-on-the-russoottoman-border-between-1878-and-1914-an-analysis-of-the-ottoman-perspective(0b418730-4f78-4fdb-9f95-a646029ffec5).html.
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Taking as its subject the Russo-Ottoman borderland during the period between the Treaty of Berlin (1878) and the start of the First World War (1914), and making extensive use of Ottoman archival documents covering this period, this thesis focuses on the ways in which the Ottoman state attempted to establish two types of boundary in order to ensure sovereignty over its territory. Firstly, there was a new geo-political border, the line dividing the Russian and Ottoman Empires at the juncture of north-eastern Anatolia and the southern Caucasus, created by the Treaty of Berlin. Secondly, there was what can be called a citizenship boundary, shaped by various laws and regulations defining the Ottoman citizenry. The main issues examined in respect of the first boundary are various types of human movement across this border and their control by the Ottoman state. Primary concerns regarding the second boundary revolve around the inclusion in and exclusion from the Ottoman citizenship of ethno-religious groups as a result of the Ottoman state's enforcement of the border. Our approach to studying how the citizenship boundary was established is two-fold, reflecting both local and state perspectives. The local perspective shows the actions of the inhabitants and travellers passing through this border region as shaped by their own day-to-day needs, livelihood patterns and pre-existing socio-economic relations; these resisted limitation by the logic of the sovereign state. The state perspective reflects the Ottoman view of Russia as the main threat to its border territories; this view led the Ottoman central authorities to perceive the entanglements and overlapping positions of its subjects in and with Russia as the cause of their ambiguous loyalties to the Ottoman state. In focusing on the specific policies and practices that the Ottoman state applied in order to deal with this ambiguity, two groups of people, Muslims and Armenians, are singled out. Notwithstanding the all-embracing state laws and discourse of legal equality, Ottoman border policy in respect of its Muslim subjects is shown to have differed greatly from that designed for its Armenian subjects. Therefore, the thesis offers a nuanced framework with which to understand Ottoman citizenship in the Russo-Ottoman border context, by revealing the normative and practical measures the Ottoman state employed to classify its Muslim and Armenian populations, thereby differentiating their status as subjects. This thesis - the first English-language work on the Russo-Ottoman border region during the late nineteenth century and pre-WWI period- offers a range of original insights into this borderland in particular and related issues more generally. It unfolds the details of everyday life and represents the local people as active agents - active, moreover, in relation both to the changing nature and effectiveness of the state's assertion of territorial authority and also to the differences between the two empires' policies and practices. Overall, the thesis focuses on the end-of-empire border politics and the issue of Ottoman citizenship not only from the perspective of macro-level political developments and central state power but also in terms of the peripheral specificities of administration and the movements and subjecthood choices of villagers. Thus, this thesis presents a new type of multi-faceted account of borderland development in which ethno-religious considerations came to inform a somewhat messy production of sovereignty in the context of the modernizing transition between empire and nation-state.
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Gundogdu, Ismail. "The Ottoman Ulema Group And State Of Practicing." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610431/index.pdf.
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In this study, it is aimed to analyze the learned (ilmiye) group that was important part of the military class of the Ottoman Empire and the ilmiye group had three important members. They were judges (kadis), professors (mü<br>derrises) and muftis (mü<br>ftü<br>s) and they were analyzed from the beginning to the end of the career line as a dynamic process. Due to the vast nature of the subject, one needed to delimit the research in terms of time and space. In that regard, it was chosen the 18th century and the districts belonging to the Anatolian kazâ<br>skerlik (chief justice). Due also to the impossibility to cover the whole Ottoman eras of six hundred years, the eighteenth century was chosen, the period following the classical period and preceding the era of modernization. This was because the 18th century was the era when the classical institutions of the Ottoman Empire could no longer resist the forces of change. The extent of changes, which took place in this century, might constitute a topic for other researches. On the other hand, the need to delimit the area of research to the Anatolian chief justice (kazâ<br>skerlik) was a result of technical and methodological necessity.
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Sancar, Selin H. "The security of women in the Ottoman Empire." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0019/MQ55005.pdf.
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Karaosmanoǧlu, Defne. "Cooking the past : the revival of Ottoman cuisine." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100635.
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Since the 1990s, Turkey has started to develop an extensive interest in its Ottoman past. The view of the Ottomans as "backward" and "pre-modern" that once held sway has given way to a view that grasps the Ottoman past as "open," "tolerant," and "cosmopolitan." Food is one of the areas in which Turkey's Ottoman past is negotiated. This dissertation attempts to trace the revival of Ottoman cuisine through experiences of production, representation, and commodification in Istanbul. It seeks to understand multiple discourses involved in the relationship between the past and the present, within a context where history implicates both continuity and novelty. Ottoman cuisine has developed not only as the foundation of traditional Turkish cuisine, but also as its "other." This dissertation examines the revival of Ottoman cuisine through an analysis of diverse sources, such as cookbooks, media, culinary institutes, cultural and social organizations, the cultural policies of the state, and mainstream restaurant and festival venues. Finally, it asserts that the revival of Ottoman cuisine in particular seems to feed multiple discourses of cosmopolitanism. The turn back to the Ottoman period is both nationalistic and cosmopolitan, such that cosmopolitanism is turned into a national image and a national cultural asset. As a result, the past becomes a utopian project for the future, and cosmopolitanism of the past haunts Turkey and Istanbul as a progressive image for the contemporary world.
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Johnson, Aaron Scott. "A revolutionary young Ottoman: Ali Suavi (1839-1878)." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110365.
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This thesis is a study of the life and work of the nineteenth-century Ottoman Turkish journalist and activist Ali Suavi, best known for his failed attempt to overthrow Sultan Abdülhamit II in 1878. It includes a study not only of Suavi's Turkish newspaper work, but also of his oft-neglected European publications. It also includes a thorough overview of how our image of Suavi has been distorted in various ways over the years, and in particular by Turkish nationalist historiography. Far from being a Turkish nationalist or protonationalist, as many scholars have claimed, Ali Suavi was in fact an Ottoman patriot with pan-Islamic leanings. Ali Suavi, as well as the popular Ottoman Muslim resistance to Russian occupation in the Rhodope mountains in what is now Bulgaria in the 1870s, can best be understood as precursors not of Turkish nationalism but rather of the Ottoman Muslim nationalism that guided Young Turk policy during World War I and subsequently motivated the postwar Anatolian resistance, and which was only replaced by Turkish nationalism following the founding of the Turkish Republic in 1923.<br>Ce mémoire est une étude de la vie et de l'œuvre du journaliste et activiste politique turc ottoman du dix-neuvième siècle, Ali Suavi, devenu célèbre pour la tentative de coup d'état qu'il a dirigé contre le Sultan Abdülhamit II en 1878. Il s'agit non seulement d'une étude de ses écrits dans les journaux turcs, mais aussi de ses ouvrages européennes, qui ont trop souvent été négligées. Ce mémoire comprend également un aperçu global des diverses façons par lesquelles notre image de Suavi a été déformée au cours des années, en particulier par l'historiographie nationaliste turque. Loin d'être un nationaliste ou protonationaliste turc, comme de nombreux chercheurs l'affirment, Ali Suavi était en effet un patriote ottoman avec des tendances panislamiques. On ne devrait pas comprendre Ali Suavi et la résistance populaire des ottomans musulmans contre l'occupation russe dans les montagnes Rhodopes (dans ce qui est maintenant la Bulgarie) pendant les années 1870 comme des précurseurs du nationalisme turc, mais plutôt comme des précurseurs du nationalisme ottoman musulman qui a guidé la politique des Jeunes-Turcs pendant la Première Guerre mondiale et a ensuite motivé la résistance anatolienne d'après-guerre, et qui n'a été remplacé par le nationalisme turc qu'après la fondation de la République turque en 1923.
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Odams, Helen Jean Rachel. "British perceptions of the Ottoman Empire, 1876-1908." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e71bd343-edf5-419f-b769-65460065d044.
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The title of this thesis is 'British Perceptions of the Ottoman Empire (1876-1908). The thesis explores the 'cultural dimension1 of relations between the Ottoman Empire and Britain in this period, involving an examination of ideas about and representations of Ottoman society and its peoples. The overall aim is to stress the importance of these representations in in influencing and affecting relations between Britain and the Ottoman Empire. Nineteenth-century writings about the Ottoman Empire produce strong images of Ottoman society and steroetypes of the Turkish and Christian populations. These images are reconstructed and their significance examined. The approach is contextual and perceptions are analysed in the historical, material and cultural framework of late Victorian Britain. Descriptions of Ottoman society are treated as representations of that complex reality, with varying degrees of accuracy and inaccuracy, reflecting or distorting conditions in the Empire. In addition the relationship between older ideas and ideas developing at a new historical conjuncture of late nineteenth-century imperialism are considered important factors in determining the overall image of the Ottoman Empire in the late Victorian mind. In these ways the conclusion stresses the importance of, and the relationship between ideas about the Ottoman Empire, and the concrete factors of inter-state relations of which they are part. As such the subject contributes to an understanding of the multi-dimensional nature of nineteenth-century relations between a weak and strong state in the International system, and the degree to which culture and ideas are informed by these relationships of power. The study contributes to a greater understanding of the Eastern question and sheds light on many of the ideas that have come to influence modern historiography about the Ottoman past and the appreciation of Ottoman and European diplomatic history.
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Armstrong, Pamela. "Byzantine and Ottoman Torone material culture as history." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599931.
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This work concerns the results of excavations that took place at Torone, on the southern tip of the central peninsula of the Chalkidiki region of northern Greece. It looks at two castles on the site, remnants of which were standing when the excavations began, and the material culture associated with them. Particular attention is paid to the ceramics, and their pJace within the ceramics of the region. With its location on the very edge of Europe, looking across the Aegean to Asia, Torone is a suitable vehicle for casting an eye round the region at the Byzantine and Ottoman archaeological framework into which the excavations there fit. Modern political divisions mask the former political, cultural, and socia-economic structures of the countries that encompass the north Aegean and its islands. While much archaeological work is being conducted, there is a tendency for it to be carried out in isolation so that, for instance, recent work on the Troad does not consider what is happening in Bulgarian or Greek Thrace, yet they are connected. To this end a study of the Thraco-Macedonian area is timely since so much evidence has recently been made available. The present work attempts to synthesize archaeological studies in Greece, Bulgaria, and Turkey for the late Byzantine and Ottoman periods. At the centre sits Torone which is the key to drawing this information together .
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Cram, Robert Gordon. "German interests in the Ottoman Empire, 1878-1885." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327010.
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Ratcheva, Vesselina. "Being nationalist : identity within a post-Ottoman state." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/49477/.
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The thesis defines and explores three different modalities of nationalism - diagnosis, activism and redemption - in the context of contemporary Bulgaria. Nationalists see a significant divergence between ‘who we should be' and ‘who we are'. This is accentuated by Bulgarian citizens' experiences of socio-political chaos and uncertainty. The thesis looks at the political rituals which aim to redeem the ‘ill' Bulgarian nation, conceived as both post-Ottoman and post-Soviet. It focuses the importance of affect for understanding the relevance of the nation for citizens' sense of self. I begin by examining the apparatus of production through which the Bulgarian national subject is imbued with a particular character. I consider how it has been constituted historically and how it continues to be moulded by contemporary discourses. I demonstrate that ‘being Bulgarian' is nowadays a primarily negative state of being, defined through the discourse of the ill nation. As far as nationalists are concerned, this illness can be cured only through attempting, out of the debris of historical contingency, to renew social structures so that they more closely resemble the ideal. My research focussed on one nationalist organisation in Bulgaria which attempted to fulfil this task: VMRO (or IMRO- the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Movement). I explore how the organisation creates and renews itself as a descendant of the national revival movements of the 19th and early 20th century, and thus as a valid form of contemporary nationalism, while at the same time it fills the role of a modern political party. To heal the nation, VMRO declares a need to be vigilant against further catastrophes and to address the consequences of previous ones. It thus interprets existing social grievances according to specific narratives about the nation's problems and prescribes redemptive action. VMRO addresses a public which has internalised a sense of being judged by ‘the international' (often imagined as ‘a dictate'). This is not the ‘real'international, but an imagined, power-laden domain. Nationalists engage with this domain by constructing illicit discourses which challenge this nexus of power. In the thesis, I explore how the traditional imperatives of a nationalist organisation - making claims for territories, populations and minority issues - are hybridized by the organisation's dialogic engagement with both ‘the international', with citizens' daily concerns and their affective states.
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Sezer, Yavuz. "The architecture of bibliophilia : eighteenth-century Ottoman libraries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107311.
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Thesis: Ph. D. in Architecture: History and Theory of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, September 2016.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. "September 2016."<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 268-300).<br>Libraries were a new building type of Ottoman architecture by the beginning of the eighteenth century. However, they quickly gained a considerable place among the endowments of Ottoman elites and remained one of the most carefully approached architectural questions throughout the century. More than twenty purpose-designed libraries were built in Istanbul until the early nineteenth century. This dissertation investigates the social and cultural conditions that paved the way for this library movement, the dynamics that affected the variety of architectural formulas developed for these buildings, and the receptions of the trend in the elite circles. The Ottomans designed some of the libraries with allusions to the image of mosques and to that of the pilgrimage shrine, and thus created symbols of the highly venerable status they gave to the effort of learning, especially to religious studies. In several library buildings, they made identifiable quotations from other monuments. This variety in library architecture is interpreted here as a reflection of the rise of knowledge of architectural past as a subject of gentlemen's curiosity, akin to interests in history, geography and literature. The latter genres had remarkably large places in library collections compared to the public collections of earlier centuries that lacked their own buildings. The broad demand for the accessibility of books in a wide range of fields certainly formed a pillar of the library movement, but the rivalry emerged between the dignitaries to donate rich libraries as urban landmarks demonstrates the power of this investment as a social asset and a political gesture in the eighteenth century. These were predominantly manuscript libraries; manual reproduction of books and accessibility of rare items were quite important in this library regime.<br>by Yavuz Sezer.<br>Ph. D. in Architecture: History and Theory of Architecture
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Xanthopoulos, Panagiotis. "L'artisanat de l'empire ottoman à l'État grec moderne." Paris 8, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA082903.
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Le propos de ce travail est de comprendre théoriquement les rapports de l'économie artisanale à travers le passage de l'empire ottoman à l'État grec moderne jusqu'à 1914. Les théories concernant l'économie artisanale en transition ont étés mises en question, avec une focalisation particulière aux approches marxistes. Malgré leurs qualités, le commentaire critique effectué a révélé des présupposés théoriques au sein des diverses théories marxistes (réduction au mode de production) comme aussi le classement abstrait du même phénomène "artisanal" sous diverses catégories, ou la classification de divers phénomènes "artisanaux" dans une seule catégorie. Ces approches négligeaient l'autonomie conceptuelle de l'organisation économique des artisans et avaient la tendance de la saisir à partir d'une approche quantitative et/ou basée sur les concepts du mode de production capitaliste. Pour comprendre empiriquement ces rapports, nous nous sommes concentrés à l'organisation corporative de l'empire ottoman et nous avons ainsi émis des hypothèses concernant son organisation, à partir de trois principes, notamment : a) l'âge et l'expérience au métier, b) les rapports de parenté, surtout du père/fils et c) l'égalité relative des maîtres. Tous ces principes se liaient avec l’ensemble des activités économiques, à savoir la production, la distribution, l'échange et la consommation. Par la suite nous avons décrit les mutations observées au sein de l'empire ottoman à la fin du XVIIIe siècle à partir des exemples concrets concernant les rapports économiques et l'influence économique de l’État et du cadre international. L'analyse des formes d'organisation économique au sein de l'État grec moderne (1830-1914) nous a indiqué quatre tendances difformées, antagonistes et complémentaires au sein des villes, notamment : a) les "syndicats mixtes", b) les maîtres indépendants, c) les "manufactures" et d) les "industries". Dans ce cadre le statut différent des hommes et des femmes a été distingué par rapport au système économique<br>The purpose of this essay is to understand theoretically the economic relations of the artisans in their passage from the Ottoman Empire to the Modern Greek state until 1914. In order to understand these relations we have studied the theories referring to the economy of artisans in transition, with special emphasis on the Marxist theories. These studies demonstrated, in a sufficient manner, several aspects of the problem, even if the critical commentary that we have undertaken, indicated the existence of preconditions concerning Marxist approaches, such as the reduction of the mode of production, the classification of the same "artisan" phenomenon under several categories, or the categorization of several "artisan" phenomena under the same category. Moreover, these theories neglected the conceptual autonomy of the economic organization of artisans and implicated either a quantitative approach or one that was based upon the concepts of capitalist mode of production. For these reasons we have presumed three principles related to their organization, precisely a) the age and the experience in the craft, b) the kinship relations, and in particular the father/son relation, and c) the relative equality of the master artisans. These principles were also involved with the totality of the economic activities, such as production, distribution, exchange and consumption. In addition, we have described the changes in the organization of artisans during the eighteenth century as much as the economic influence of the State and the international context. The study of the forms of economic organization during the first period of the Modern Greek State (1830-1914) revealed us four deformed, antagonistic and complementary tendencies in the cities: a) the "mixed syndicates", b) the independent master, , c) the "manufactures", , and d) the "industries". In this context the different economic status of men and women was reevaluated
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Artam-Erdoğdu, Goncagül. "Les Ḥurūfī dans l'empire ottoman (14e-17e siècles)". Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10011.
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Ce travail a pour but d’aborder la doctrine et l’histoire du mouvement ḥurūfī , établi par Fażl Allāh Astarābādī au 14e siècle en Iran. Fażl Allāh considéré par ses disciples comme le Mahdi et l’incarnation de Dieu fut exécuté en 1394 par les Timurides mais ses disciples, bien qu’ils soient souvent persécutés, ont continué à propager la doctrine soit en Iran soit en Asie Mineure et dans les Balkans. Cette croyance basée sur les interprétations des lettres de l’alphabet arabe et persan, et sur la relation entre les valeurs numériques des lettres et les traits du visage de l’homme, a trouvé de nombreux adeptes surtout dans les ordres religieux. Cette recherche tente de définir les caractéristiques de la doctrine, les changements qu’elle a subi au fil du temps, le rôle des Ḥurūfī dans les mouvements politiques en Iran et dans le territoire ottoman du 14e au 17e siècle, en se basant sur de nombreux manuscrits rédigés en persan et en turc par les Ḥurūfī et sur d’autres sources de l’époque.
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Kayapinar, Ayse. "Le Sancak ottoman de Vidin du XVe à la fin du XVIe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0004.
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La thèse porte sur la province ottomane de Vidin au XVe et XVIe siècle en cinq chapitres consacrés à la situation géographique de la province et à son parcours historique avant la conquête ottomane, à sa structure administrative, à la répartition de sa population selon le statut fiscal. Elle fournit une présentation détaillée de la documentation et un aperçu sur la fiscalité et le système d'affermage. L'étude est fondée sur une série des registres de recensement ottomans, mais l'auteur a également consulté d'autres documentations ottomanes dans les archives d'Istanbul et Ankara (Turquie) et de Sofia (Bulgarie). Le but principal du travail était de reconstituer l'histoire d'une province balkanique ottomane ayant hérité une formation étatique pré-ottomane. Il fournit une base de données pour des recherches similaires sur d'autres provinces balkaniques à l'époque ottomane, ainsi que pour une étude sur la même région au cours des siècles postérieurs<br>The thesis studies the Ottoman province of Vidin in the 15th and 16th centuries in five chapters providing a systematic survey of the geographical situation of the province of Vidin and of historical evolution before the Ottoman conquest, its administrative structure, and the repartition of its population according to the fiscal status. A detailed presentation of the documentation and an outline of the tax collection and farming system are also provided. The study is based on a series of Ottoman fiscal surveys. But the author also uses other Ottoman archival documents preserved in Ankara and Istanbul (Turkey) and in Sofia (Bulgaria). The main purpose is to reconstitute the history of an Ottoman Balkan province that had inherited a pre-Ottoman state formation. It gives an important data base for similar researches about other Balkan provinces in the Ottoman period. It also gives informations for a study of the Vidin region after the 16th century
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Ahmed, Yakoob. "The role of the Ottoman Sunni Ulema during the constitutional revolution of 1908-1909/1326-1327 and the Ottoman constitutional debates." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2018. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/30315/.
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Guillemarre-Acet, Dorothée. "L' Allemagne, l'Empire ottoman et la Turquie républicaine : relations politiques et liens culturels (1908-1933)." Paris, INALCO, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INAL0008.
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Bulut, Mehmet. "Ottoman-Dutch economic relations in the early modern period 1571-1699 /." Hilversum : Verloren, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb388145263.
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