Academic literature on the topic 'Oudtshoorn'

The Gompertz equation was used to compute growth curves for three groups of ostriches (Struthio camelus), from Oudtshoorn in South Africa, the Namib desert in Namibia and from Zimbabwe. All were reared under typical intensive farm conditions with ad libitum feeding. There were no significant differences in mature mass between regions but the maximum daily weight gain for males occurred later (day 163) for Oudtshoorn birds, compared with day 121 for Namibian and day 92 for Zimbabwean. Oudtshoorn females reached maximum rate of gain on day 175 compared with day 115 for Namibian and day 114 for Zimbabwean. Comparisons might prove important when planning programmes for the genetic improvement of commercial flocks, but possible influences of food composition and environment should be investigated.

<p class="abstract">Keratolytic Winter Erythema, also known as ‘Erythrokeratolysis hiemalis’ or ‘Oudtshoorn disease’ is a rare genetic disorder of keratinization of an unknown etiology characterized by cyclical erythema and intermittent skin peeling usually over palms and soles, particularly during winter.It was originally described in South African families of European descent originating from the Oudtshoorn district of Cape Provence, and has been since identified in several other countries. It is an autosomal dominant disorder with variable penetrance. The condition <a name="_Hlk67093214"></a>is often misdiagnosed as Keratolysis exfoliativa, but presence of a relevant family history, winter exacerbation and preceding hyperhidrosis with interdigital involvement differentiate it from the former. We present a case report with clinical histopathological data of an 18-year-old female with attributes of erthrokeratolysis hiemalis. This case is being reported due to its rarity.</p>

AbstractGrowth results of 43 ostrich males and females were used to compile growth parameters of a flock that is representative of Oudtshoorn birds, using the Gompertz model. Growth results comprised 19 recordings of body weight for each individual commencing from 1-day-old to day 520. Individual fits of data to the growth model were exceptionally good, resulting in low CV values of 0·02 and 0·03 for the mean values of all estimates of mature live weight for male and females respectively. The estimated mean mature body weights for the flock were 119·2 kg for males and 122·3 kg for females. Rates of maturing were 9100 and 8500 for males and females respectively which corresponded to ages of 180·83 and 199·2 days at which maximum gain in weight were achieved. None of these parameter estimates differed significantly between sexes. Results in the present study suggested substantial adjustments to growth parameters for Oudtshoorn ostriches published by du Preez, Jarvis, Capatos and de Kock, 1992.

Events and festivals are hosted with the expectation that they hold many benefits for the host communities. These benefits include employment, income generation, and increasing tourist numbers, thereby improving the quality of life of the host community. However, little is known about the socio-economic impact of arts festivals, especially in the South African context. Hence, the purpose of this article was to determine the socio-economic impact of the Klein Karoo National Arts Festival (KKNK) on the community of Oudtshoorn. This festival is the largest arts festival, both in terms of visitor numbers as well as income generation, in South Africa. In order to achieve the goal of the research, three surveys were conducted: firstly, a community survey; secondly, a business survey; and, finally, a visitor survey. The results indicate that the KKNK contributes significantly to the economy and community of Oudtshoorn. From a social point of view, however, the respondents indicated that the festival benefits the community more than the individual. To increase the positive socio-economic outcomes of the KKNK, the festival organisers have to focus on greater participation by, and communication with, all stakeholders, especially the local community.

The prevalence of the larval stage of Taenia ovis and the origin of the animals were recorded for a period of 39 days at the Port Elizabeth abattoir. Cysticercosis was more frequently found in the M. triceps brachii of sheep, but the actual cysticerci were fewer than those found in the semimembranosus, semitendinosus, adductor, biceps femoris, vastus, rectus femoris and gracilis group of muscles of the hind limb (leg muscles). Most animals originated from farms in the Oudtshoorn district.

ABSTRACT Cloacal swabs were obtained from live ostriches reared on 30 different farms situated in South Africa (Oudtshoorn) during the period of June 2018 to July 2019 to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter and Arcobacter species. PCR (n = 168 pooled cloacal swabs), the Cape Town protocol (n = 836 cloacal swabs), International Organization for Standardization ISO 10272-1:2006 (n = 836 cloacal swabs), and a selective Arcobacter spp. method (n = 415 cloacal swabs) were used for detection. PCR determined an average prevalence of 24.63% for species belonging to the Campylobacteraceae family. The ISO 10272-1:2006 method determined a Campylobacter spp. prevalence level of 16.83%, while the Cape Town protocol could not detect Campylobacter spp. For Arcobacter spp., a prevalence of 18.80 and 39.14% was determined with the Cape Town protocol and the selective Arcobacter spp. method, respectively. Results showed that prevalence levels could be influenced by season, the source of water, and the presence of wild water birds. Higher prevalence levels for Campylobacter spp. (23.38%) and Arcobacter spp. (68%) were detected in ostriches sampled during spring and autumn, respectively. Higher prevalence levels for Campylobacter spp. (25.23%) and Arcobacter spp. (44.50%) were detected in ostriches reared on farms that made use of borehole water. Higher prevalence levels for Arcobacter spp. (44.38%) were seen in ostriches reared on farms with wild water birds. This research shows that ostriches from South Africa can be considered as potential carriers of species belonging to the Campylobacteraceae family. HIGHLIGHTS

Business incubators, as recognised in their contemporary form, have a history dating back to the 1970s in the United Kingdom and the USA. South Africa is no stranger to this concept of business incubation either: Since the 1980s the Small Business Development Corporation (SBDC) operated business “hives” as clusters of small enterprises. Business incubators are support facilities that empower and stimulate small-entrepreneurial businesses – from the financially vulnerable start-up period, until the time that the fledgling company is ready to operate more autonomously. Business incubators provide, as part of their services, affordable space, financial-management services, sound business advice and other development services. Incubation stimulates the development of small-entrepreneurial businesses and, to this end, helps stimulate the economy. Thus, for South Africa to invest in the development of small growing businesses, is to invest directly in its larger economy and to address its own development challenges like employment-creation, income-generation and the alleviation of poverty. It is in this context that this study discusses the development challenges of one of the rural areas in South Africa, Oudtshoorn, and aims to provide a viable strategy of business incubation for this area, in anticipation that in future lessons can be drawn from this and applied to other rural areas. Oudtshoorn is a town in the Klein Karoo, in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. The strongest sectors in Oudtshoorn’s economy are agriculture and tourism. These two sectors should provide the basis for an empowering business incubator to strengthen and enhance smaller businesses in the town. The study focuses on the development challenges of South Africa and, in particular, a rural town such as Oudtshoorn, the importance of investing in small entrepreneurial businesses so as to strengthen the country’s economy. the nature an significance of a business-incubation strategy for the Oudtshoorn area. Background literature on South Africa’s development challenges was collated as well as information gathered on small-business support and incubation in particular. Literature was retrieved from local institutions as well as national and international sources. Case studies of incubators in South Africa and in other countries were included to enhance the understanding of the importance of business incubation. In addition, the researcher’s close networks with the Oudtshoorn municipality, the local Red Door office and the different role-players in the small-business support sphere allowed for an in-depth assessment of support for such an incubation project and the critical obstacles it may encounter en route.

Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACR: Approximately 10 years ago South Africa, and specifically the Oudtshoorn region was the only place in the world that supplied ostrich products for the international market. Today, South Africa is only one of several countries with commercial ostrich farming. The largest concentration of ostrich farmers in the world is, however, still in the Oudtshoorn region. Increasing competition, limited possibilities to diversify and the so-called price cost squeeze put the emphasis on aspects such as higher productivity and lower production costs. The profitability of ostrich farming, especially in the Oudtshoorn region, should urgently be determined and evaluated as farmers rely heavily on this venture as an only source of income. Decreases in slaughter realisations and slaughtering numbers have necessarily negative financial implications for the farmers, as well as for the community as a whole. Diversification is often considered strategic to avoiding or minimising risk. However, the possibilities to diversify especially to existing alternatives, have proven limited. One sure solution is to increase productivity of ostrich farming. Production parameters like the number of day-old chicks per female, chick mortality and slaughtering realisations were found to vary considerable providing scope for improvement. It is evident that several factors that determine the generated income lie outside the sphere of influence of the individual ostrich farmer. The large variation in production performances renders the industry risky, especially for farmers with liquidity problems. Two questionnaires as well as group discussion techniques were used to evaluate the economics of ostrich farming. Income and costing budget models were constructed on Microsoft Excel to be able to do calculations to the level of gross margin. A complete representative ostrich-farming unit was constructed to do calculations to the level of net farm income. The budget models were applied to (1) representative ostrich production practices for each of the three phases in the production process of ostrich farming, and (2) the representative ostrich-farming unit. The effect of different critical factors on the gross margin and net farm income of ostrich farming were thereafter evaluated. Different scenarios were also evaluated. The results of these analyses are representative of ostrich farming in the Oudtshoorn region. A computer model was developed whereby ostrich farming can be evaluated economically. This model can also be applied to assist individual farmers with their planning.As no research results exist on the economics of ostrich farming at micro level, several questions regarding the economics of ostrich farming prompted this study. These questions were answered using the above-mentioned computer models. The survival of the ostrich industry in the Oudtshoom region with its limited resources depends on a secure lead in technology which will enable farmers to produce products of higher quality, but also at lower costs than the rest of the world.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sowat 10 jaar gelede was Suid-Afrika, en spesifiek die Oudtshoom-omgewing, die enigste gebied in die wereld wat volstruisprodukte aan die wereldmark verskaf het. Vandag is Suid-Afrika egter een van vele lande waar kommersiele volstruisboerdery voorkom. Die grootste konsentrasie van volstruisboere in die wereld word egter steeds in die Oudtshoom-omgewing aangetref. Toenemende mededinging, beperkte moontlikhede om te diversifiseer en die sogenaamde pryskoste-knyptang impliseer dat aspekte soos hoer produktiwiteit en laer produksiekoste aandag moet geniet. 'n Behoefte bestaan om die winsgewendheid van die volstruisvertakking, spesifiek in die Oudtshoomomgewing, nie net te bepaal nie, maar ook te evalueer. Voistruisboere in die Oudtshoom-omgewing steun swaar op die volstruisvertakking vir die generering van inkomste. 'n Verlaging in slagrealisasies en 'n inkorting van slaggetalle het dus noodwendig negatiewe finansiele implikasies tot gevolg, nie net vir die volstruisboere nie, maar ook vir die hele gemeenskap. 'n Strategie om risiko te vermy, mag wees om te diversifiseer, maar die moontlikhede om te diversifiseer, veral na die bestaande vertakkings wat reeds verbou word, blyk egter beperk te wees. 'n Oplossing kan wees om die produktiwiteit van volstruisboerdery te verhoog, met ander woorde om bestaande dinge beter te doen. Groot variasies kom onder andere voor in die getal dagoudkuikens per wyfie, vrektesyfer onder kuikens en ook slagresultate. Groot ruimte vir verbetering bestaan dus. Dit blyk dan ook dat daar heelwat faktore is wat buite die invloedsfeer van die indiwiduele volstruisboer val wat bepalend is vir die inkomste wat 'n slagvolstruis realiseer. Die groot variasies, soos genoem, impliseer verder dat die risiko van volstruisboerdery hoog kan wees, veral vir volstruisboere met likiditeitsprobleme. Twee vraelysopnames en die groepbesprekingstegniek is gebruik om volstruisboerdery ekonomies te kon evalueer. Inkomste- en kostebegrotingsmodelle is op Microsoft Excel gekonstrueer ten einde berekeninge tot op die vlak van bruto marge te kon doen. 'n Volledige verteenwoordigende volstruisboerdery-eenheid is vervolgens gekonstrueer om berekeninge ook tot op die vlak van netto boerdery-inkomste te kon doen. Die begrotingsmodelle is toegepas op (0 verteenwoordigende volstruisproduksiepraktyke vir elk van die drie fases in die produksieproses van volstruisboerdery en (2) die verteenwoordigende volstruisboerdery-eenheid. Die effek van verskillende kritieke faktore op die bruto marge en netto boerdery-inkomste van volstruisboerdery is vervolgens geevalueer. Verskillende scenarios is ook aan die hand van die verteenwoordigende boerderyeenheid beoordeel. Die resultate van hierdie ontledings is verteenwoordigend van volstruisboerdery in die Oudtshoom-omgewing. 'n Rekenaarmodel is in die proses ontwikkel om volstruisboerdery ekonomies te kan evalueer. Hierdie model kan ook aangewend word om indiwiduele volstruisboere met beplanning te help. Heelwat vrae oor die ekonomie van volstruisboerdery het aanleiding gegee tot die aanvang van hierdie studie. Navorsingsresultate oor die ekonomie van volstruisboerdery op mikrovlak bestaan dan ook nie. Deur gebruik te maak van die genoemde rekenaarmodelle is vrae oor die ekonomie van volstruisboerdery beantwoord. Die enigste behoud van die volstruisbedryf in die Oudtshoom-omgewing, met sy beperkte hulpbronne, is 'n stewige voorsprong in tegnologie om nie net beter nie, maar ook goedkoper as die res van die wereld te produseer.

Includes bibliographical references.<br>No detailed investigation has been previously made of the legal status, administration, history, management, finances, and conservation status of a show cave in South Africa. This study, using archival sources and field work, makes a thorough assessment of Cango Cave, a well-known show cave in the Swartberg foothills north of Oudtshoorn in the Cape Province of South Africa. Repeated field trips to Cange Cave and to other caves in the area have confirmed the environmental deterioration of Cango Cave and its surroundings. This study has shown that such deterioration has been caused by human pressures on a non-renewable resource. Reading of the extensive Government and other archives, supplemented by newspaper and other published material, has for the first time enabled the scientific, administrative and financial history of the Cave to be available in one document. Analysis of this assembled evidence, augmented by reading between the lines where the evidence is occasionally missing, has shown the reasons for the failure of successive Cave managements during the past two centuries to operate on a conservation basis. This failure to conserve Cango Cave has occurred despite the avowed policy of every political master of the Cape since 1820 that the Cave is a national asset which shall be conserved. The thesis commences with a description of the location and topography of Cango Cave, followed by a review of cave conservation literature and a summary of the published information on the Cave. There follows a detailed account of the discovery and development of the Cave from 1780 until 1992, and an assessment of its financial status. The impact of humans on the Cave, and its conservation status, are examined in detail. The above data are then discussed at length, and the reasons for the present unsatisfactory management structure identified. Having demonstrated the past and present management failures at Cango Cave, recommendations are made for better management structures and for the necessary applied research. Such research will provide the information which is essential for the future management of Cango Cave on a conservation basis.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie studie word gekyk na die gevolge van die totale oorheersing van ‘n baie suksesvolle landboubedryf in ‘n afgebakende gebied, wat as gevolg van verskeie faktore in duie gestort het. In die Klein Karoo was so ‘n bedryf die volstruisboerdery, waar ongekende hoë pryse vir volstruisvere tot 1914 behaal is waarna die prys geval het en die boerdery –gemeenskap in ellende gedompel is. Die studie konsentreer op die herbopbou van die landbou in die Oudtshoorn-distrik en op die maniere waarop die boere gedwing is om innoverend te dink om te oorleef. Die fokus van die boere het weggeskuif van die produksie van volstruisvere en hulle het teruggekeer na die produksie van beproefde landbougewasse. Daar is nuut gedink oor hoe om hierdie gewasse meer effektief en meer lewensvatbaar te produseer. Nuwe produkte is beproef en met die terugkeer van die volstruis as bemarkbare kommoditeit is op die verwerking van die hele volstruis gekonsentreer en nie net op die vere nie.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this study the effects of the total domination of a very successful agricultural industry in a defined area, which has collapsed as a result of various factors, will be looked at. In the Klein Karoo unprecedented high prices were obtained for ostrich feathers up till 1914 and when the price fell, the farming community was plunged into misery. The study focuses on the redevelopment of the agriculture in the Oudtshoorn district and the ways in which farmers were forced to think innovatively to survive. The focus of the farmers had to move away from the production of ostrich feathers and they had to return to the production of proven agricultural crops. There had to be some new thinking on how to make the production of these crops efficiently and economically more viable. New products were tried and tested and with the return of the ostrich as a marketable commodity the farmers concentrated on the processing of the whole ostrich and not just the feathers.

Includes bibliography.<br>The dissertation aimed at providing a model for the study of rural Jewish communities in South Africa during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries, in particular of the processes of acculturation and assimilation pertaining to Jewish immigrants in a frontier society. Oudtshoorn, an agricultural district in South Africa, was chosen because it possessed the largest rural Jewish community in South Africa (five hundred families) around its peak in the early twentieth century, and had. a continuous history of Jewish life from 1874 to the time of the study in 1999.

The purpose of this study was to determine the economic impact of tourists visiting the Klein Karoo National Arts Festival in Oudtshoorn. In the context of event tourism, economic impact can be defined as the net change in an economy resulting from the event. The change is caused by the activity involving the acquisition, operation, development and use of facilities and services. These in turn generate visitor spending, public spending and tax revenue (Lee, 2001:l). Determining the economic impact is not only about determining gross income, but also the impact the festival has on job creation, government income, infrastructure and the balance of payments (Van Blarcom, 2001). To determine the economic impact in Oudtshoorn 400 visitor questionnaires and 50 business questionnaires were interview administered. The survey followed a non-probability sampling method and took place from the 28'h of March to the 6m of April 2003. The aim of the questionnaires was to determine the spending patterns of visitors, the benefits to businesses and the leakages. Using the benchmark indicator method it was determined that 108 062 people attended the festival, of whom 93 306 were visitors and 14 761 were locals. Total spending for the visitors was determined at R91,9 million and for locals R5,5 million. With leakages taken into account only R49,5 million of the visitors', R2,08 million of the locals' and R2,13 million of the organising committee's expenditure remain in the Oudtshoorn economy. The multiplier was estimated at 1,43. This then gives a total economic impact of R76.72 million. The study pointed out that the Klein Karoo National Arts Festival has a definite influence on the promotion of Oudtshoorn as a tourist destination, more emphasis should thus be on the promotion of Oudtshoorn's attractions at the festival, such as museums and other sites, and by minimizing leakages the local community can benefit more from the festival.<br>Thesis (M.Com. (Tourism Management))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

The Oudtshoorn Basin is the largest onshore Mesozoic depocentre along the southern margin of South Africa, and is among the sedimentary basins that have been linked to the break-up of southern Gondwana. Filled by the continental lower Uitenhage Group, which for the most part is sparsely fossiliferous, difficult to correlate on a regional scale and void of non-renewable natural resources, the Oudtshoorn Basin is relatively poorly studied. This project aims at carrying out an in depth, field- and lab-based investigation of the sediment supply processes and directions, location of sediment sources and palaeoclimate during the deposition of the lower Uitenhage Group in the Oudtshoorn Basin. In addition to the sediment transit patterns from source to sink via palaeocurrent measurements and petrographic studies, the sedimentary architecture was assessed via modern facies analysis techniques, which also permitted the investigation of the reason, the nature and the mode of sediment transport (traction currents vs. mass movements) in the early stages of Gondwana fragmentation. The study identified nine facies associations, the composition, clast size and orientation of which suggest steep vs. gentle gradients along the northern and southern basin margins, respectively, and very gentle gradients in the basin centre. Furthermore, the common mass movement-deposits in the north contrast the sediments laid down by traction current and in turbid waters in the south, southwest, west and centre of the basin. Sediments were sourced from the northern and southern margins in alluvial fans, and moved toward the centre, where axial fluvial system dominated. Sedimentary facies distribution, grain size, and petrological composition collectively indicate sediment transport distances that were shorter and more rigorous in the north than in the south. Geochemical proxies and mineralogy indicate moderate weathering and deposition under an arid palaeoclimate. The lack of clear lithostratigraphic markers and the sparse distribution of isolated outcrops in the basin prevent the relative age assessment of the facies associations. This study highlights the need for systematic high-precision geochronological studies, if possible from drill core samples, of the facies associations identified herein to constrain the stratigraphic relationships in the Oudtshoorn Basin. Until these reconstructed palaeoenvironments are in temporal isolation, the history of the Oudtshoorn Basin and its relationship to the other Mesozoic grabens and half grabens of the southern Cape remain elusive.

Thesis (MPA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Thc purpose of this research was to design a model for the delegation of roles and responsibilities within a performance management system (PMS) that will assist Oudtshoom Municipality in the implementation ofPMS. The motivation for the study was the fact that performance management is a relatively new legislative requirement for local government in South Africa. Local government authorities are currently experiencing many problems in the delivering of services to their respective communities, and this makes performance management a contemporary issue. The objectives of this research project are to o Explain what PMS is; o Explain how I'MS fits into the legislative framework in local government in South Africa; o Explain the importance of defining roles and responsibilities in a PMS; o Design a model for the delegation of roles and responsibilites within a PMS for Oudtshoorn Municipality; o Make recommendations for the successful implementation of PMS at Oudtshoorn Municipality. The research design that was used in this study was a combination of a model-building design and a case study design. The study was qualitative in nature and was a combination of non-empirical and empirical studies. Semi-structured interviews were held with a selected group of individuals who are key role-players in I'MS at Oudtshoorn Municipality. Some of the aims of the interviews were to establish the respondents understanding of PMS, and roles and responsibilities. The same respondents were given a table of different roles and responsibilities, to determine whether they knew what the different roles and responsibilities are of the different stakeholders in the PMS. The data analysis showed that the stakeholders (participants in the research) within the PMS at Oudtshoorn Municipality could not assign roles and responsibilities correctly. In order for PMS to be implemented successfully at Oudtshoorn Municipality, stakeholders in the PMS need to know exactly what is expected of them. It is not only from an organisational point of view that roles and responsibilities are important, but it is also a legislative requirement that roles and responsibilities need to be clarified before implementing a PMS. This problem created the need to design a model for the delegation of roles and responsibilities within a PMS that will assist Oudtshoorn Municipality in the implementation of PMS. The model is presented and an explanation of the model is given to understand how to use the model. Since Oudtshoorn Municipality is in the process of developing a PMS, a few recommendations are made to assist the municipality in the implementation of PMS.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie navorsing was om 'n model te ontwikkel vir die delegering van rolle en verantwoordelikhede binne 'n prestasie besluurstelsel, wat Oudtshoom Munisipaliteit kan help met die implementering van 'n prestasie bestuurstelsel. Die motivering vir die studie was die lcit dat prestasie bestuur 'n relatiewe nuwe wetlike vereiste vir plaaslike regering in Suid-Afrika is. Plaaslike regerings owerhede ondervind tans baie probleme met dienslewering aan hulle onderskeie gemeenskappe en dit maak prestasie bestuur 'n kontemporere saak. Die doel van hierdie navorsingsprojek is om, o Te beskryfwat 'n prestasie bestuurstelsel is; o Te beskryf hoe 'n prestasie bestuurstelsel inpas in die wetlike raamwerk van plaaslike regering in Suid-Atrika; o Te beskryf die belangrikheid om rolle en verantwoordelikhede binne 'n prestasie bestuurstelsel te definieer; o Om 'n model vir die delegering van rolle en verantwoordelikhede binne 'n prestasie bestuurstelsel vir Oudtshoorn Munisipaliteit te ontwikkel; en o Aanbevelings te maak vir die suksesvolle implementering van 'n prestasie bestuurstelsel by Oudtshoorn Munisipaliteit. Die navorsingsontwerp wat gebruik was in hierdie studie was 'n kombinasie van modelbou ontwerp en 'n gevallestudie ontwerp. Die studie was kwalitatief van aard en was 'n kombinasie van nie-empiriese en empiriese studies. Semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude was gevoer met 'n geselekteerde groep individue wat sleutel rolspelers is, in prestasie bestuur, by Oudtshoom Munisipaliteit. Sommige van die mikpunte van die onderhoude was om vas te stel die respondente se verstaan van prestasie bestuurstelsels en rolle en verantwoordelikhede. Dieselfde respondente het ook 'n tabel voltooi wat verskillende rolle en verantwoordelikhede van die onderskeie rolspelers binne 'n prestasie bestuurstelsel aandui. Die data analise hel getoon dat rolspelers (deelnemers in die navorsing) binne die prestasie bestuurstelsel by Oudtshoom Munisipaliteit nie rolle en verantwoordelikhede korrek kon toeken nie. Om 'n prestasie bestuurstelsel suksesvol by Oudtshoom Munisipaliteit te implementeer, is dit belangrik dat elke rolspeler presies sal weet wat van homlhaar verwag word. Dit is nie net vanuit 'n organisatoriese oogpunt belangrik dal rolle en verantwoordelikhede gedefinieer moet word nie, maar wetgewing vereis ook dat rolle en verantwoordelikhede duidelik moet wees voordat 'n prestasie bestuurstelsel geimplementeer word. Die probleem wat hier ontstaan het, het die geleentheid geskep om 'n model te ontwikkel vir die delegering van rolle en verantwoordelikhede binne 'n prestasie bestuurstelsel wat Oudtshoom Munisipaliteit kan help met die implementering van 'n prestasie bestuurstelsel. Die model, met 'n verduideliking hoc om die model te verstaan, word ook voorgestel. Oudtshoorn Munisipaliteit is tans besig om 'n prestasie bestuurstelsel te ontwikkel. Aanbevelings word gemaak om die munisipaliteit te help met die implementering van 'n prestasie besluurstelsel.

Alkoholmisbruik is tans n sosiale kwessie in Suid–Afrika, asook in die res van die wêreld. Die kind in sy middelkinderjare lewensfase se belewenis van sy alkoholmisbruik–gesin kom in verskillende ontwikkelingsterreine na vore, in sy daaglikse interaksie met sy gesin asook in sy wyer skakeling . Alhoewel hy homself gedurende hierdie fase in n losmakingsproses om onafhanklikheid bevind, bly sy gesin steeds vir hom n bron van sekuriteit, hulp en ondersteuning. Vir die navorsingsmetodologie is die proses in tabelformaat weergegee met behulp van n onderverdeling in vier fases. Tydens die eerste fase, die aanvanklike beplanning en probleem–formulering, het hoofsaaklik drie aspekte aandag geniet, naamlik die navorsingsonderwerp, probleem–formulering en die doel met die nodige doelwitte. Die doel van die kwalitatiewe studie wat vanuit die probleem–formulering voortgespruit het, was om plattelandse kinders in die middelkinderjare se belewenis van alkoholmisbruik in hul gesinne waarvan hul deel vorm, te beskryf. Tydens die formele beplanning in die tweede fase is die inligting deur middel van triangulering ingesamel en is op die navorsingsbenadering en –strategieë gefokus. Vanuit verskillende bronne is inligting verken om die plattelandse kind in die middelkinderjare lewensfase wat deel vorm van die alkoholmisbruik–gesin se belewenisse, te beskryf. n Literatuurstudie het die samestelling en uiteensetting moontlik gemaak vir n profielstudie vanuit n paradigmatiese perspektief van die kind. In die derde fase is aandag gegee aan die empiriese ondersoek waartydens triangulering praktykgerig voortgesit is met behulp van sinsvoltooing met vyf kinderrespondente, voltooiing van n selfontwerpte vraelys wat opgevolg is met semi–gestruktureerde onderhoude met vyf ouers en vyf onderwysers. Gedurende die vierde fase het die interpretering en integrering van die bevindinge gerealiseer. Die gevolgtrekkings waartoe gekom is, is veral geleë in die leemte op nasionale vlak en op die platteland ten opsigte van spesifiek die kind se belewenis van sy alkoholmisbruik–gesin asook sy omgewing. Dit het ook duidelik geword dat daar aandag gegee moet word aan alkoholmisbruik as verskynsel en die alkoholmisbruikte–huweliksverhouding en dat onkunde bestaan ten opsigte van ouerskap en die belewenis van die kind as betrokkene by sy alkoholmisbruik–gesin. Om hierdie redes word aanbeveel dat daar gefokus moet word op die kind se proses, maar ook dat ouers, onderwysers en maatskaplike werkers wat deel vorm van die ondersteuningsnetwerk vir hierdie kinders, die nodige kennis en insig deur middel van opleidingsprogramme behoort te ontvang.<br>Thesis (M.A. (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Thesis (MTech (Tourism Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011.<br>The revenue generated by tourism can be directed to the social and cultural well being of communities. This aspect is considered as an important social dimension of sustainable tourism. Management should develop a prescient, well-founded, and creative view of future opportunities that will spur pre-emptive competence-building, provide focus into their efforts, ensure consistency in investment programmes, and serve as a guide for decisions concerning strategic alliances and acquisitions. It is necessary to acknowledge the impact of tourism on the socio-economic development of communities. The creation of employment, transfer of skills, contribution to venue infrastructure, local arts and cultural development, as well as the process of product ownership to show their willingness to do so, may add to a great deal of community pride. Over a period of time, the ABSA Klein Karoo Nasionale Kunstefees (KKNK) has developed into a major arts festival in South Africa. Since its inception in 1994, and with an initial investment of R750 000.00, the festival turn-over grew to an estimated R65 million in 2006. As the festival operates as a Section 21 Company (an organisation not for gain), funding depends entirely on grants, donations, contributions and corporate sponsorships. Arts festivals can be grouped within the current corporate and social funding framework of ABSA Bank. Despite the type and rate of growth, local communities and consumers have reached different stages in the adoption of the festival.