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Academic literature on the topic 'Oursins – Mœurs et comportement'
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Journal articles on the topic "Oursins – Mœurs et comportement"
Krumenacker, Yves, and Noémie Recous. "Le consistoire et les femmes, les femmes et le consistoire." Revue d'histoire du protestantisme 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 81–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.47421/rhp6_1_81-107.
Full textNeri, C., and I. Needham. "La santé mentale des personnes incarcérées et leur perception du stress." European Psychiatry 30, S2 (November 2015): S138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.09.272.
Full textKilani, Mondher. "Culture." Anthropen, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.anthropen.121.
Full textSingleton, Michael. "Magie et sorcellerie." Anthropen, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.anthropen.099.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Oursins – Mœurs et comportement"
Urriago, Suarez Juan Diego. "Les réponses comportementales de l'oursin Tetrapygus niger face aux étoiles de mer prédatrices Meyenaster gelatinosus et Heliaster helianthus." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27963/27963.pdf.
Full textDéry, Florent. "Déterminants intrinsèques et extrinsèques du comportement de vigilance et ses conséquences sur la valeur adaptative des femelles de la chèvre de montagne." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66315.
Full textVigilance allows animals to quickly detect threats from conspecifics and predators to avoid or minimize costly encounters, but it can often limit other fitness-enhancing activities, such that fitness returns are expected when vigilance is properly adjusted. I studied drivers of vigilance and the link between vigilance and fitness in a wild population of individually marked mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) at Caw Ridge (Alberta, Canada). I first investigated the proximate factors influencing vigilance by using focal observations recordedover 12 years. Then I used a joint modelling framework to estimate the latent correlations at the individual level among three vigilance traits and two fitness components. I first hypothesized that vigilance adjustment would either be influenced by predation risk only orby the trade-off between predation risk and daily energetic requirements. My second hypothesis was that offspring vulnerability would drive mother’s vigilance. Finally, I hypothesized that vigilance would favor annual survival of adult females and of their offspring. I observed that females increased vigilance in open forest, when they were notsurrounded by conspecific neighbours, and when the risk of social interactions increased, once accounting for a cofounding effect of surrounding neighbours. Alerts of reproductive females were more frequent and longer than alerts of females without offspring. Mothers also tended to perform longer alerts when their offspring was >10 meters away than at shorter distances. There was no association between vigilance and annual survival of adult females, whereas offspring from mothers that were more often alert and spent more time vigilant survived better. Predation risk and offspring vulnerability were the main mechanisms behind variation in vigilance. My results indicate that vigilance is driven both by predation risk and offspring vulnerability, and that this behavioral tactic likely improved adult female fitness by increasing their offspring’s chances of survival.
Devost, Éric. "Conflit sexuel et polyandrie de la commodité chez une espèce polygynandre : les effets combinés des processus pré- et post- copulatoires sur le succès reproducteur de "Gerris buenoi"." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26725.
Full textIn water striders, postcopulatory processes are documented and sexual conflict over mating rate has been shown. However, their combined effect on reproductive success has seldom been investigated. This study combines genetic parentage analyses and behavioral observations to investigate how pre- and postcopulatory processes influence the reproductive success of Gerris buenoi. Our results show the antagonistic nature of precopulatory fights and an optimal resistance level for females. However, mating rate had no effect on the reproductive success of both sexes. A high mating rate allowing postcopulatory processes to take place and many superfluous copulations likely masked the expected effects of mating rate on reproductive success. Our study confirms that insights on sexual selection forces at work are gained from investigating all episodes in the reproduction cycles of polygynandrous animals.
Pineaux, Maxime. "Échapper au conflit sexuel : le cas de Gerris buenoi." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26782.
Full textIntersexual interactions linked to sexual conflict over mating rate can be highly detrimental to the fitness of female water strider. It is well established that females resist males mating attempts by engaging in costly pre-copulatory struggles. In nature, females often avoid struggling with males by escaping or hiding off the water, but most studies on sexual conflict have focused on struggles. The main objective of this project was to investigate whether escaping and hiding are alternative female resistance means in Gerris buenoi. Regarding males, it is generally accepted that they incur few costs associated with reproductive interactions but recent studies suggest the opposite. A secondary objective was to explore whether males can escape from harsh conditions imposed by male-male competition for access to females. In a first experiment, we simultaneously investigated female and male escape behavior. Probability of females to escape increased with the proportion of males in the population but contrary to predictions heavily harassed females were not escaping more often. As expected, the probability that a female escapes increased with the proportion of males in the population, indicating that escape is an alternative means of resistance to avoid costly conditions imposed by sexual conflict. Contrary to predictions, heavily harassed females were not escaping more often, indicating that they were probably too weak to escape. The probability that a male escapes also increased with the proportion of males, and the males escaping had spent less time mating. These males could be poorly competitive and may have escaped to avoid potential costs imposed by male-male competition. In a second experiment, our results reveal that females differ consistently in their tendency to hide off the water. The tendency to hide was stable over time and across different sexual conflict intensities so that this behaviour can be considered as a consistent phenotype. Importantly, hiding allowed females to lower the harassment they endured, suggesting that this behavioural trait may improve their reproductive success. This project contributes to a better understanding of intersexual interactions in water striders and female resistance means to actually avoid these interactions, an aspect previously neglected in sexual conflict studies.
L'Italien, Léon. "Dynamique des harems chez le renne : Influence de l'âge et du rang social du mâle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27508/27508.pdf.
Full textPigeon, Karine. "Plasticité comportementale de l’ours grizzli (Ursus arctos horribilis) dans un contexte de changements climatiques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26065.
Full textThe study of behavioural plasticity aims at understanding the physiological and behavioural responses of individuals to limiting factors. Climate change has the potential to influence the life history of individuals by altering environmental conditions. Thus, studying the mechanistic links between animal behaviour and environmental conditions is necessary to understand the potential impacts of climate change on individuals. The first part of my thesis focuses on the links between environmental conditions, hibernation behaviour, and habitat selection of grizzly bears, a threatened species in Alberta, Canada. The phenology of den entry and exit was driven by sex and reproductive status, food availability in autumn, winter precipitation, and spring temperature. There was no difference in the dimensions and characteristics of dens excavated by male and female grizzly bears, and males and females selected similar landscape attributes to dig their dens. At the broadest scale investigated, grizzly bears avoided wetlands and selected high-elevation dry conifer stands with abundant high-quality spring foods. At the home-range scale and within the den vicinity, grizzly bears selected dense conifer stands associated with little high-quality autumn food and abundant Hedysarum spp. in areas with low road densities. The second part of my thesis focuses on the links between habitat selection and thermoregulation during the active season, and highlights the thermal constraints associated with increasing ambient temperatures on habitat selection patterns. Grizzly bear habitat selection followed a daily and seasonal pattern that was influenced by ambient temperature, with adult males showing a stronger response than females to warm temperatures. With increasing ambient temperatures, male and female grizzly bears increased their selection for open stands with abundant food resources during the coolest periods of the day, and concurrently decreased their selection for these open stands during the warmest periods of the day. My thesis increases our understanding of the role of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on hibernation behaviour, habitat selection, and thermoregulation constraints of grizzly bears. Ultimately, my results enhance our understanding of the factors regulating the distribution of individuals in time and space; improving our ability to predict the potential impacts of climate change on large mammals.
Desnoyers, Meggie. "Le comportement social de la grande oie des neiges (Chen caerulescens atlantica) : Existe-t-il des associations stables au sein des volées?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28080/28080.pdf.
Full textCharest, Karina, and Karina Charest. "Couts et bénéfices de l'association post-sevrage chez la chèvre de montagne (Oreamnos americanus)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26593.
Full textLes couts et bénéfices des soins parentaux ont été largement démontrés durant la période de lactation et croissance des jeunes, mais rarement après le sevrage. Pour nous permettre de mieux comprendre l’effet de ces soins à plus long terme, nous avons étudié les associations post-sevrage chez une population de chèvres de montagne (Oreamnos americanus) suivie depuis plus de 25 ans. Nous avons évalué l’effet des caractéristiques maternelles et de la taille de population sur l’occurrence et la fréquence des associations post-sevrage et avons étudié les couts potentiels de la reproduction et les bénéfices pour la mère et le juvénile âgé de 1 à 3 ans. Les femelles non reproductrices s’associent plus souvent avec les juvéniles d’un an que les mères reproductrices qui perdent leur chevreau et les mères lactantes, tandis que l’occurrence des associations avec un juvénile de 2 ans est plus élevée pour les femelles que pour les mâles. Un indice d’association élevé avec un juvénile de 2 ans augmente la probabilité qu’une mère ne se reproduise pas l’année suivante. Nous n’avons pas détecté de bénéfices des associations sur la croissance à court terme et la survie des juvéniles associés. Les associations post-sevrage induisent des couts reproductifs pour la mère, qui augmentent avec l’âge du juvénile.
The costs and benefits of parental care have been largely demonstrated during the lactation and offspring growth periods, but rarely after weaning. To better understand the effects of post-weaning parental care, we examined post-weaning associations in a population of mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) monitored for > 25 years. We assessed the effect of maternal characteristics and population size on the occurrence and frequency of post-weaning associations and investigated potential reproductive costs and benefits for mothers and juveniles aged 1 to 3 years old. Barren mothers associated more frequently with yearlings than summer yeld mothers, and lactating mothers, whereas the occurrence of associations was higher for 2-year females than 2-year males. A higher association index with 2-year-olds increased the probability that a mother would be barren the following year. We did not detect benefits of associations on the short-term growth and survival of associated juveniles. Post-weaning associations induced reproductive costs for mothers, which exacerbated as associated juveniles aged.
The costs and benefits of parental care have been largely demonstrated during the lactation and offspring growth periods, but rarely after weaning. To better understand the effects of post-weaning parental care, we examined post-weaning associations in a population of mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) monitored for > 25 years. We assessed the effect of maternal characteristics and population size on the occurrence and frequency of post-weaning associations and investigated potential reproductive costs and benefits for mothers and juveniles aged 1 to 3 years old. Barren mothers associated more frequently with yearlings than summer yeld mothers, and lactating mothers, whereas the occurrence of associations was higher for 2-year females than 2-year males. A higher association index with 2-year-olds increased the probability that a mother would be barren the following year. We did not detect benefits of associations on the short-term growth and survival of associated juveniles. Post-weaning associations induced reproductive costs for mothers, which exacerbated as associated juveniles aged.
Audet, Marie-Claude. "Effets comportementaux et cognitifs de la phencyclidine (PCP) chez le rat." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ56386.pdf.
Full textMarchand, David. "Stratégies de ponte et d'alimentation larvaire chez la pyrale de la canneberge, Acrobasis vaccinii (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2003/20885/20885.pdf.
Full textIn insect species whose larvae need several hosts to complete their development, larval survival is usually dependent on both the choice of oviposition sites by females and the food searching behaviour of larvae. In this thesis, I studied oviposition behaviour and larval foraging behaviour and their possible impacts on larval fitness in the cranberry fruitworm, Acrobasis vaccinii (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), a species in which each larva must feed on several fruits of the cranberry, Vaccinium oxycoccos (Ericacae), to complete its development. Firstly, I demonstrated that females, under laboratory conditions, exhibit a significant preference for the largest fruit available when choosing oviposition sites; larvae leaving these maternally selected large fruits were significantly larger than those larvae leaving smaller fruits. In the field, however, this preference based on fruit size was not observed. This lack of preference in nature may be due, in part, to the fact that the oviposition period of A. vaccinii is relatively early during the summer when cranberry fruits are still small and when there is little variation in the size of fruits available. I also found a heterogeneous distribution of hosts in patches of varying fruit densities, and a large variability in fruit production between the two years of my study. The fact that, in any given year, hosts may be rare may be a reason why females accept relatively low-quality hosts (i.e., relatively small fruits). Thus, this study demonstrates a behavioural plasticity in A. vaccinii, females selecting largest fruits only when environmental conditions are good (such as in our laboratory conditions). A second study on larval feeding behaviour demonstrated that green cranberry fruit become red following attacks by A. vaccinii larvae. This host modification (fruit colour) may be a cue used by conspecific larvae to avoid already infested fruits, thus reducing the risk of intraspecific competition. I also showed that A. vaccinii larvae are able to take into account two other factors - fruit size and distance between hosts - in their choice of fruit. Larvae of A. vaccinii show behavioural plasticity when choosing fruit in that they accord a different degree of importance to each factor (fruit size, fruit colour and distance between fruit) depending on the context. This plasticity allows the larvae to maximise foraging efficiency while minimising intraspecific competition and predation risk.
Books on the topic "Oursins – Mœurs et comportement"
illustrator, Kitchin Thomas, and Hurst Victoria illustrator, eds. Le loup, chasseur fantôme. Montréal-Nord: Groupe Polygone, 1995.
Find full textFrédérique, Dubois, ed. Le comportement animal: Cours, méthodes et questions de révision. Paris: Dunod, 2009.
Find full textBehan, Kevin. Tel maître, tel chien: [votre animal est le miroir de vos émotions]. Montréal]: Québec loisirs, 2012.
Find full textHoffman, Matthew. Le langage des chiens: Communiquez avec votre animal préféré. Cologne: Könemann, 2000.
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