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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Outcome measurement

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Academic literature on the topic 'Outcome measurement'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Outcome measurement"

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Blazeby, Jane M. "Measurement of outcome." Surgical Oncology 10, no. 3 (November 2001): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-7404(01)00024-x.

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Hägg, Olle, Peter Fritzell, Anders Odén, and Anders Nordwall. "Simplifying Outcome Measurement." Spine 27, no. 11 (June 2002): 1213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200206010-00014.

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Williamson, Kathleen M., and Robin Kretschman. "Outcome measurement matters." Nursing Management (Springhouse) 41, no. 8 (August 2010): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.numa.0000384005.91287.e0.

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Taylor, J. "Clinical outcome measurement." British Journal of Psychiatry 174, no. 2 (February 1999): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.174.2.179b.

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Andrews, Gavin, and Andrew C. Page. "Outcome Measurement, Outcome Management and Monitoring." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 8 (August 2005): 649–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01648.x.

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Vidyasagar, G. "Clinico Pathological Study of Intracranial Meningiomas and Outcome Measurement." International Journal of Neurology and Neurosurgery 10, no. 4 (2018): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijnns.0975.0223.10418.1.

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Weinstein, Barbara E. "Outcome Measurement in Audiology." Hearing Journal 68, no. 7 (July 2015): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hj.0000469512.69675.4f.

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Goodare, Heather. "Patient-reported outcome measurement." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 103, no. 7 (July 2010): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jrsm.2010.100158.

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Baker, Karen, Stefan J. Cano, and E. Diane Playford. "Outcome Measurement in Stroke." Stroke 42, no. 6 (June 2011): 1787–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.110.608505.

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Wade, Derick T. "Outcome measurement and rehabilitation." Clinical Rehabilitation 13, no. 2 (April 1999): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/026921599668611234.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Outcome measurement"

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Hirst, William Mark. "Outcome measurement error in survival analysis." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366352.

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Clifford, Paul Ian. "An infometric approach to mental health outcome measurement." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408295.

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Casteleijn, Jacoba Magdalena Francina. "Development of an outcome measure for occupational therapists in mental health care settings." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28019.

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It is the responsibility of professions to provide evidence of the demonstrable value and quality of service delivery. Occupational therapists in mental health care settings find it difficult to produce convincing evidence of the demonstrable value and their contribution to health care. Currently no effective outcome measure for occupational therapists in mental health practices exists for the South African context . The development of an outcomes measuring system is much needed in these crucial times of cost-cutting, rendering quality of care with the minimum resources and the quest for evidence of the effect of intervention. The purpose of this study was to fill the outcome measurement gap by developing a system that is clinically tested and user-friendly for occupational therapists in mental health care settings. Such a system had to represent the outcomes in the occupational therapy programmes, meet the needs of the therapist in terms of purpose of the tool, be easily administered and be standardised. It was also important that the outcome measure was grounded in the theoretical framework that guides intervention programmes, namely Vona du Toit’s Model of Creative Ability. This theoretical framework is widely used in South African mental health care settings and was found suitable to be transformed into a rating scale for the outcome measure. A participatory approach combined with a mixed method exploratory design, specifically the instrument development model, was selected to guide the study. The development of the outcome measure happened in three phases. Domains for the outcome measure emerged after participation from occupational therapy clinicians and mental health care users in Phase 1. The operationalisation of the domains and the development of the rating scale happened during Phase 2. The third phase was the piloting of the outcome measure to identify issues to be optimised for the final implementation of the outcome measure. Eight domains with 52 representative items emerged from Phase 1. The domains were Process skills, Communication and Interaction skills, Lifeskills, Role performance, Balanced lifestyle, Motivation, Self-esteem and Affect. Clinicians were satisfied that these domains represented the service that they deliver and compared well with the mental health care users’ need for occupational therapy. The involvement of mental health care users in confirming relevant domains for the outcome measure ensured a client-centred approach in the research process. The outcome measure, named as the Activity Participation Outcome Measure (APOM), has a unique feature of generating reports and spider graphs for every mental health care user. The APOM was piloted in three mental health care settings. In spite of good intentions from clinicians to apply the measure, it was clear that measuring outcomes is neither a priority, nor a routine task in clinical settings. The preliminary investigation into the psychometric properties yielded positive results. However, the sample sizes for the validity and reliability samples were not optimal and further data collection needs to continue for confirmation. It is recommended that investigations into the psychometric properties of the instrument continue to eventually market it as a valid and reliable outcome measure for occupational therapists in mental health care settings.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Occupational Therapy
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Ortega, Sandra. "The impact of outcome measurement on non-profit organizations a case study /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1141401440.

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O'Donoghue, M. F. "The measurement of outcome in the treatment of epilepsy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391616.

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Martin, Kathryn S. "Measurement and prediction of mobility outcome pre and post stroke rehabilitation using Clinical Outcome Variables (COVS)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0006/MQ42660.pdf.

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Majocha, Timothy Wayne. "Outcome-based measurement, its use in assessing organizational end statements." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0020/MQ49156.pdf.

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Hambly, Karen. "Outcome measurement in articular cartilage repair : exploring the patient perspective." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540604.

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This critical appraisal provides an overview of five published research papers that collectively make an original and significant contribution to the patients' perspective of outcome measurement after articular cartilage repair (ACR) of the knee. The work represents the evolution and development of the author's coherent research programme in this field over a period of 8 years. In 2003 the author conducted a comparative analysis of rehabilitative guidelines of 11 international ACR centres that identified large variations in practice. This work was significant as it resulted in the publication of the first evaluation of the evidence base for postoperative care after autologous chondrocyte implantation. The evidence base for postoperative care that was elucidated in this work served to uphold the biomedical model as being the dominant paradigm. Concurrently, the concept of patient-centred medicine was being actively promoted within primary~re in the UK and patient-reported outcomes (PRO) were being adopted as primary endpoints in new ACR clinical trials across Europe and in the USA. This gap between PRO evidence and practice prompted this researcher to evaluate patient's and orthopaedic surgeon's perspectives of the rehabilitation process using a mixed methods approach incorporating grounded theory and content analysis. These inductive pilot works were noteworthy as they indicated that not only were ACR service users willing to allow their views to be captured for research purposes but they were prepared to do so using web-based tools. Two key research questions emerged: what are the symptoms and disabilities most important to ACR patients and are current PRO measures capturing this information? To explore these questions, two commonly used knee-specific PRO measures were evaluated for item importance to ACRpatients from an online health community (OHC) using a clinical impact methodology. The emergent pattern was one of function in sports and recreation activities being important for people who had undergone ACR, more than an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) cohort from the same OHC knee population. This work led to the formulation of a further research question: what is the postoperative physical activity profile of this OHC ACR population? The Tegner activity scale (TAS) is frequently used to assess physical activity level within ACR studies but this use had not previously been evaluated. The first systematic review of the TAS for ACR raised important methodological issues relating to the use and reporting of the outcome. The key findings from this review were utilised by the researcher to inform the reporting of cross-sectional TAS data for the ACR and ACLR groups from this OHC. The postoperative physical activity profile of this ACR population was one where activity levels increased with postoperative time but remained lower than expected compared with then-current clinical and normative data. The main body of this critical appraisal reviews and evaluates the papers within this research programme and the conceptual links between them. The methodological approaches used in the studies are reflected upon and the significance of the work and future directions for research are discussed.

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Barker, Simon L. "Genetics, epidemiology and outcome measurement of Idiopathic Congenital Talipes Equinovarus." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369563.

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The aetiology, pathogenesis and optimal management of Idiopathic Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (ICTEV) remain the subjects of ongoing debate. The aims of this thesis were to test the hypothesis that both heritable and environmental factors play a role in the aetiology of ICTEV, and to develop a valid technique for severity and outcome assessment of ICTEV. I therefore investigated genetic inheritance through family pedigrees, the role of environmental factors by means of parental questionnaires, and evaluated outcome using both digital images and parental multiple-response questions. Families were recruited from 15 Scottish and 2 English centres generating189 participants. The children had a mean birth weight of 3.5kg, and 94.9% were singleton pregnancies. Breech and forceps deliveries were significantly higher in ICTEV compared with the general population. One in five mothers had been taking the oral contraceptive pill at the time of conception, 2.5% of mothers had experienced a stillbirth, compared to a population rate of 0.61 per 100 live births. Paternal (90%) and maternal (28%) tobacco use at time of conception together generated pre-natal exposure to 93.4% of ICTEV infants. This represents convincing evidence of an aetiological link between parental tobacco exposure and ICTEV, and has not been shown in previous studies. Males were twice as commonly affected as females. Risks to relatives of ICTEV infants have been calculated from pedigrees. Male cases were more likely to have a family history. A seasonal trend with a peak in Spring was observed. Subjective assessment of outcome did not significantly favour any one method. For the first time, a clinically validated digital photographic technique has been described to reliably measure calf muscle volume, demonstrating a 12-15% difference between sides in unilateral cases. Given the evidence for heterogeneity in aetiology (environmental and genetic factors) and in outcome, doubt is cast upon the unified diagnosis of ICTEV.

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Nicholl, Laura. "Outcome measurement in multiple sclerosis : psychometric analysis and clinical applications." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428781.

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Books on the topic "Outcome measurement"

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Trauer, Tom, ed. Outcome Measurement in Mental Health. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511760686.

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Rubin, Rhea Joyce. Demonstrating results: Using outcome measurement in your library. Chicago: American Library Association, 2006.

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Moorehead, Sue, ed. Nursing outcomes classification (NOC): Measurement of health outcomes. St. Louis, USA: Elsevier, 2012.

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Walsh, Wendy. Selected annotated readings on outcome measurement in child welfare. Englewood, CO (63 Inverness Dr. East, Englewood 80112-5117): American Humane Association, Children's Division, 1993.

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M, Gottschlich Michele, and Bell Stacey J, eds. Practice-oriented nutrition research: An outcomes measurement approach. Gaithersburg, Md: Aspen Publishers, 1998.

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Waltz, Carolyn Feher. Educational outcomes, assessment of qualit. a prototype for student outcome measurement in nursing programs. New York: National League for Nursing, 1988.

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Waltz, Carolyn Feher. Educational outcomes: Assessment of quality--a prototype for student outcome measurement in nursing programs. New York: National League for Nursing, 1988.

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Outcome measurement and management: First steps for the practicing clinician. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Co., 2007.

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1947-, Lied Terry, ed. Healthcare performance measurement: Systems design and evaluation. Milwaukee, Wis: ASQ Quality Press, 1999.

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Patient-reported outcomes: Measurement, implementation and interpretation. Boca Raton: CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Outcome measurement"

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Malec, James F. "Outcome, Outcome Measurement." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 2535–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_263.

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Malec, James F. "Outcome, Outcome Measurement." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1834–36. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_263.

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Malec, James F. "Outcome, Outcome Measurement." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_263-2.

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Nahler, Gerhard. "outcome measurement." In Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Medicine, 128. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-89836-9_981.

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Siegert, Richard J., and Jo Adams. "Outcome Measurement in Rehabilitation." In Interprofessional Rehabilitation, 109–33. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.,, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118702741.ch5.

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Kan, Jeff W. T., and John S. Gero. "Entropic Measurement and Design Outcome." In Quantitative Methods for Studying Design Protocols, 113–29. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-0984-0_6.

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Khemlani, Mansha H. "Clinical Applications of Outcome Measurement." In Interventional Radiology in Palliative Care, 19–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65463-4_3.

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Teno, Joan M. "Outcome Measurement in Palliative Care." In Textbook of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, 85–94. 3rd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429275524-12.

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McCrone, Paul, and Scott Weigh. "Mental Health Care Costs: Paucity of Measurement." In Mental Health Outcome Measures, 131–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80202-7_10.

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Grover, Sandeep, and Swapnajeet Sahoo. "Outcome Measurement in Schizophrenia: Challenges and Barriers." In Schizophrenia Treatment Outcomes, 91–124. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19847-3_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Outcome measurement"

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Ackermann, Eric, Sara Goek, and Emily Plagman. "Outcome Measurement in Academic Libraries: Adapting the Project Outcome Model." In Library Assessment Conference—Building Effective, Sustainable, Practical Assessment. Association of Research Libraries, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29242/lac.2018.1.

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Zaini, Norliza, Mohd Fuad Abdul Latip, and Hasmila Omar. "Semantic-based online Outcome-based education measurement system." In 2011 3rd International Congress on Engineering Education (ICEED 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceed.2011.6235393.

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An, Hongchang. "Outcome-based and measurement-based earthquake early warning." In International Conference on Information Management and Management Engineering. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/imme140861.

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Ismail, Azianti, Liyana Roslan, and Ahmad Naufal Adnan. "Assessment on course outcome performance using Rasch measurement model." In 2017 IEEE 9th International Conference on Engineering Education (ICEED). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceed.2017.8251175.

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Dawlatly, Rebecca, Sharon Hudson, and Jenny Evitts. "P-204 Day hospice – service redesign and outcome measurement." In Leading, Learning and Innovating, Hospice UK 2017 National Conference, 22–24 November 2017, Liverpool. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2017-hospice.229.

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Mokhtar, Shamsul Anuar, Zulfadli, Siti Mashitah Shamsul Anuar, and Sayani Puteh. "Information system model for the measurement of learning outcome attainment." In 2014 4th International Conference on Engineering Technology and Technopreneuship (ICE2T). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ice2t.2014.7006215.

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Babu, K., B. Kanmani, G. Gopalakrishnan, S. Girish, and S. Suryanarayan. "Improvement of learning outcome and its measurement using social learning intelligence." In 2014 International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning (ICL). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icl.2014.7017816.

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Lu, Sun, Luis Rodriguez, Rick Koelsch, Deanne Meyer, and Kendra Rose Zeman. "Measurement economic outcome of Nitrogen Management Certification System for different dairy stakeholders." In 2020 ASABE Annual International Virtual Meeting, July 13-15, 2020. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.202001515.

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Stankiewicz, Agnieszka, Tomasz Marciniak, Adam Dabrowski, Marcin Stopa, and Elzbieta Marciniak. "Reliability of Fovea Features Measurement from 3D OCT Images for Monitoring Treatment Outcome." In 2019 Signal Processing: Algorithms, Architectures, Arrangements, and Applications (SPA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/spa.2019.8936723.

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Wadners, Justine, and Jellien Makonga. "Influence in outcome of the bodyplethysmography measurement performed with or without supporting cheeks and jaw." In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.3193.

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Reports on the topic "Outcome measurement"

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Rathinam, Francis, Sayak Khatua, Zeba Siddiqui, Manya Mallik, Pallavi Duggal, Samantha Watson, and Xavier Vollenweider. Using big data for evaluating development outcomes: a systematic map. Centre of Excellence for Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/cmwp2.

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This paper discusses the methodological, ethical and practical constraints relating to the use of big data for measuring and evaluating development outcomes. The paper presents the analysis of a systematic gap map developed by 3ie. The map included 437 studies, comprising impact evaluations, systematic reviews and big data measurement studies.

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Chachu, Daniel. Review of sub-national institutional performance in Ghana. UNU-WIDER, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/wbn/2021-1.

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While the literature on the measurement, causes, and correlates of variations in sub-national institutional governance is prominent for Europe and other regions, it is less so for sub-Saharan Africa. Emerging literature on the latter region offers scope for improved understanding of the relationship between variations in the quality of sub-national governance and Africa’s development. As a preliminary step towards contributing to this literature, this Background Note reviews Ghana’s decentralization experience and efforts to assess its outcome. It surveys the literature, including government documents, reports, and technical notes, and attempts to answer the ‘what’ and ‘how’ of measuring sub-national institutional performance in one of Africa’s shining polities since its decentralization experiment began in 1988.

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Mark, Debra D., Vicki L. Byers, and Mary Z. Mays. Primary Care Demonstration Project: Measurement of Provider Practice Styles and Client Outcomes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada334723.

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Brinkerhoff, Derick W., and Anna Wetterberg. Governance and Sector Outcomes: Making the Connections. RTI Press, September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.pb.0019.1809.

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A critical issue in international development is how donor-funded programs can support sustainable and long-lasting changes in assisted countries. Among the factors associated with sustainability is improved governance. However, many donor-funded initiatives are focused on achieving results in specific sectors, such as health, education, and agriculture. How can how governance interventions contribute to achieving sector-specific results? This brief explores this question and discusses how international development practice has incorporated recognition of the links between governance and sector outcomes. The brief develops a stylized continuum of how governance elements relate to sector interventions and contribute to expected outcomes. We discuss factors that either impede or impel governance integration and close with some observations regarding prospects for integrated programming. The audience for the brief is the international development policy and practitioner communities, and secondarily, academics with an interest in the topic. Key take-aways include: (1) there is ample evidence of positive contributions from improved governance to sector-specific outcomes, but few guideposts exist for practical and effective governance integration; (2) barriers to integration include urgent sector priorities that overshadow governance concerns, requirements to demonstrate progress towards ambitious sector targets, and complex choices related to measurement; and (3) sustainability and self-reliance are major drivers for integration and are facilitated by the flexibility and adaptation that governance integration enables.

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Balk, Ethan M., Abhilash Gazula, Georgios Markozannes, Hanna J. Kimmel, Ian J. Saldanha, Linda J. Resnik, and Thomas A. Trikalinos. Lower Limb Prostheses: Measurement Instruments, Comparison of Component Effects by Subgroups, and Long-Term Outcomes. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer213.

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Sriraj, P. S., Bo Zou, Lise Dirks, Nahid Parvez Farazi, Elliott Lewis, and Jean Paul Manzanarez. Maritime Freight Data Collection Systems and Database to Support Performance Measures and Market Analyses. Illinois Center for Transportation, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/20-021.

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The Illinois Marine Transportation System (IMTS) is a key component of the nation’s inland waterway system. IMTS is comprised of 27 locks and dams, 19 port districts, more than 350 active terminals, and 1,118 miles of navigable inland waterways traversing along the borderline or within the state of Illinois. However, the infrastructure of IMTS is aging and its conditions are deteriorating. To monitor the performance of IMTS and guide infrastructure investment to enhance safety, efficiency, and reliability of the system, a comprehensive performance measurement program is needed. To this end, the objective of this project is to create an integrated, comprehensive, and maintainable database that facilitates performance measurement of maritime freight to, from, and through Illinois. To achieve this objective, a review of the literature on maritime freight transportation both in the United States and abroad was performed. To gauge practitioners’ points of view, a series of phone interviews and online surveys of Illinois’ neighboring state DOT officials, officials from the US Army Corps of Engineers, Illinois port district authorities, and carriers operating in Illinois was also conducted. With the findings from the literature review and an understanding of state DOT practices, the needed and available data sources for a maritime freight performance measurement program were identified. Building on all the above efforts, a first-of-its-kind PM database for IMTS was designed and developed, along with a detailed user manual, ready for IDOT’s immediate use and future updates. In addition, opportunities for IDOT to use the database to conduct analysis are discussed. Key programmatic recommendations that outline the role of IDOT as a champion and as a facilitator are further included. The outcome of this project will help IDOT gain much-needed knowledge of and develop programs to improve IMTS performance, increase multimodal transportation network capacity, and expand the transportation and logistics sector of the state, which ultimately benefit the people and economy of Illinois.

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Treadwell, Jonathan R., James T. Reston, Benjamin Rouse, Joann Fontanarosa, Neha Patel, and Nikhil K. Mull. Automated-Entry Patient-Generated Health Data for Chronic Conditions: The Evidence on Health Outcomes. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb38.

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Background. Automated-entry consumer devices that collect and transmit patient-generated health data (PGHD) are being evaluated as potential tools to aid in the management of chronic diseases. The need exists to evaluate the evidence regarding consumer PGHD technologies, particularly for devices that have not gone through Food and Drug Administration evaluation. Purpose. To summarize the research related to automated-entry consumer health technologies that provide PGHD for the prevention or management of 11 chronic diseases. Methods. The project scope was determined through discussions with Key Informants. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (via EMBASE.com), In-Process MEDLINE and PubMed unique content (via PubMed.gov), and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for systematic reviews or controlled trials. We also searched ClinicalTrials.gov for ongoing studies. We assessed risk of bias and extracted data on health outcomes, surrogate outcomes, usability, sustainability, cost-effectiveness outcomes (quantifying the tradeoffs between health effects and cost), process outcomes, and other characteristics related to PGHD technologies. For isolated effects on health outcomes, we classified the results in one of four categories: (1) likely no effect, (2) unclear, (3) possible positive effect, or (4) likely positive effect. When we categorized the data as “unclear” based solely on health outcomes, we then examined and classified surrogate outcomes for that particular clinical condition. Findings. We identified 114 unique studies that met inclusion criteria. The largest number of studies addressed patients with hypertension (51 studies) and obesity (43 studies). Eighty-four trials used a single PGHD device, 23 used 2 PGHD devices, and the other 7 used 3 or more PGHD devices. Pedometers, blood pressure (BP) monitors, and scales were commonly used in the same studies. Overall, we found a “possible positive effect” of PGHD interventions on health outcomes for coronary artery disease, heart failure, and asthma. For obesity, we rated the health outcomes as unclear, and the surrogate outcomes (body mass index/weight) as likely no effect. For hypertension, we rated the health outcomes as unclear, and the surrogate outcomes (systolic BP/diastolic BP) as possible positive effect. For cardiac arrhythmias or conduction abnormalities we rated the health outcomes as unclear and the surrogate outcome (time to arrhythmia detection) as likely positive effect. The findings were “unclear” regarding PGHD interventions for diabetes prevention, sleep apnea, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Most studies did not report harms related to PGHD interventions; the relatively few harms reported were minor and transient, with event rates usually comparable to harms in the control groups. Few studies reported cost-effectiveness analyses, and only for PGHD interventions for hypertension, coronary artery disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; the findings were variable across different chronic conditions and devices. Patient adherence to PGHD interventions was highly variable across studies, but patient acceptance/satisfaction and usability was generally fair to good. However, device engineers independently evaluated consumer wearable and handheld BP monitors and considered the user experience to be poor, while their assessment of smartphone-based electrocardiogram monitors found the user experience to be good. Student volunteers involved in device usability testing of the Weight Watchers Online app found it well-designed and relatively easy to use. Implications. Multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated some PGHD technologies (e.g., pedometers, scales, BP monitors), particularly for obesity and hypertension, but health outcomes were generally underreported. We found evidence suggesting a possible positive effect of PGHD interventions on health outcomes for four chronic conditions. Lack of reporting of health outcomes and insufficient statistical power to assess these outcomes were the main reasons for “unclear” ratings. The majority of studies on PGHD technologies still focus on non-health-related outcomes. Future RCTs should focus on measurement of health outcomes. Furthermore, future RCTs should be designed to isolate the effect of the PGHD intervention from other components in a multicomponent intervention.

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Kaffenberger, Michelle, and Lant Pritchett. Women’s Education May Be Even Better Than We Thought: Estimating the Gains from Education When Schooling Ain’t Learning. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2020/049.

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Women’s schooling has long been regarded as one of the best investments in development. Using two different cross-nationally comparable data sets which both contain measures of schooling, assessments of literacy, and life outcomes for more than 50 countries, we show the association of women’s education (defined as schooling and the acquisition of literacy) with four life outcomes (fertility, child mortality, empowerment, and financial practices) is much larger than the standard estimates of the gains from schooling alone. First, estimates of the association of outcomes with schooling alone cannot distinguish between the association of outcomes with schooling that actually produces increased learning and schooling that does not. Second, typical estimates do not address attenuation bias from measurement error. Using the new data on literacy to partially address these deficiencies, we find that the associations of women’s basic education (completing primary schooling and attaining literacy) with child mortality, fertility, women’s empowerment and the associations of men’s and women’s basic education with positive financial practices are three to five times larger than standard estimates. For instance, our country aggregated OLS estimate of the association of women’s empowerment with primary schooling versus no schooling is 0.15 of a standard deviation of the index, but the estimated association for women with primary schooling and literacy, using IV to correct for attenuation bias, is 0.68, 4.6 times bigger. Our findings raise two conceptual points. First, if the causal pathway through which schooling affects life outcomes is, even partially, through learning then estimates of the impact of schooling will underestimate the impact of education. Second, decisions about how to invest to improve life outcomes necessarily depend on estimates of the relative impacts and relative costs of schooling (e.g., grade completion) versus learning (e.g., literacy) on life outcomes. Our results do share the limitation of all previous observational results that the associations cannot be given causal interpretation and much more work will be needed to be able to make reliable claims about causal pathways.

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Khan, Amir Ullah. Islam and Good Governance: A Political Economy Perspective. IIIT, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47816/01.004.20.

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It is readily apparent to everyone that there are multiple and serious concerns that face Muslim societies today. Terrorism, civil strife, poverty, illiteracy, factionalism, gender injustices and poor healthcare are just a few of the challenges to governance across the Muslim world. These are core issues for governance and public administration in any form of government. However, before we can engage with good governance within the context of Islam, we need to be clear what mean by good governance itself. A simple definition of good governance is that of an institutionalised competency of administration and institution leading to efficient resource allocation and management[1]. Another way of looking at it is as a system which is defined by the existence of efficient and accountable institutions[2]. Civil society now tends to look at good governance by way of impact measurement and how a certain set of processes result in a set of measurable and desirable outcomes.

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Bjella, Kevin, Yuri Shur, Misha Kanevskiy, Paul Duvoy, Bruno Grunau, John Best, Stephen Bourne, and Rosa Affleck. Improving design methodologies and assessment tools for building on permafrost in a warming climate. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/38879.

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The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) operates numerous Arctic and Subarctic installations, including Alaska. Changes to permafrost can threaten critical built infrastructure. It is critical to accurately characterize and compare site conditions in permafrost regions to enable the efficient, cost-effective design and construction of an infrastructure well suited to the permafrost environment and that meets DoD requirements. This report describes three research efforts to establish (1) field investigation approaches for ground ice detection and delineation, (2) methods and modeling for early warning detection of thawing permafrost under infrastructure, and (3) an outline of a decision support system that determines the most applicable foundation design for warming and degrading permafrost. Outcomes of these interrelated efforts address needs to improve construction of DoD mission critical infrastructure on Arctic and Subarctic permafrost terrains. Field investigation processes used systematic methodologies including borehole data and geophysical measurements to effectively characterize subsurface permafrost information. The Permafrost Foundation Decision Support System (PFFDSS) tool implements and logically links field survey information and foundation type assessments. The current version of PFFDSS is designed to be accessible to design-engineers of a broad range of experience, that will reduce the effort and cost, and improve the effectiveness of site assessment.

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