Journal articles: 'Outdoor thermal comfort'

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Nikolopoulou, Marialena. "Outdoor thermal comfort." Frontiers in Bioscience S3, no. 4 (2011): 1552–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2741/s245.

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Nikolopoulou, Marialena. "Outdoor thermal comfort." Frontiers in Bioscience S3, no. 1 (2011): 1552. http://dx.doi.org/10.2741/245.

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Zhang, Lili, Dong Wei, Yuyao Hou, Junfei Du, Zu’an Liu, Guomin Zhang, and Long Shi. "Outdoor Thermal Comfort of Urban Park—A Case Study." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 4, 2020): 1961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051961.

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Urban parks are an important component of urban public green space and a public place where a large number of urban residents choose to conduct outdoor activities. An important factor attracting people to visit and stay in urban parks is its outdoor thermal comfort, which is also an important criterion for evaluating the liability of the urban environment. In this study, through field meteorological monitoring and a questionnaire survey, outdoor thermal comfort of different types of landscape space in urban parks in Chengdu, China was studied in winter and summer. Result indicated that (1) different types of landscape spaces have different thermal comforts, (2) air temperature is the most important factor affecting outdoor thermal comfort; (3) because the thermal sensation judgment of outdoor thermal comfort research in Chengdu area, an ASHRAE seven-sites scale can be used; (4) the neutral temperature ranges of Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) and Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) in Chengdu in winter and summer were obtained through research; (5) and UTCI is the best index for evaluating outdoor thermal comfort in Chengdu. These findings provide theoretical benchmarks and technical references for urban planners and landscape designers to optimize outdoor thermal comfort in urban areas to establish a more comfortable and healthy living environment for urban residents.

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Kannamma, D., and A. Meenatchi Sundaram. "Implications of Building Material Choice on Outdoor Microclimate for Sustainable Built Environment." Key Engineering Materials 650 (July 2015): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.650.82.

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The climatic conditions in a man-made urban environment may differ appreciably from those in the surrounding natural or rural environs.... each urban man-made buildings, roads, parking area, factories......creates around and above it a modified climate with which it interacts [1].Outdoor thermal comfort has gained importance in thermal comfort studies especially in tropical countries. In country like India, culturally the activities are spread both indoors and outdoors. Therefore the need for ambient outdoor environment gains importance. As there are many factors that contribute to outdoor thermal comfort (climatic factors and physical factors), this study aims in analyzing the impact of building material contribution, in an institutional courtyard. In order to understand the thermal contribution of various building materials and to suggest material choice to designers, ENVIMET is used for simulation purpose. The outdoor thermal comfort index employed in this study is PET (Physiological Equivalent Temperature), calibrated using RAYMAN.

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Sánchez Ramos, José, Aurore Toulou, Mcarmen Guerrero Delgado, Teresa Rocío Palomo Amores, Daniel Castro Medina, and Servando Álvarez Domínguez. "Thermal Resilience of Citizens: Comparison between Thermal Sensation and Objective Estimation in Outdoor Spaces: A Case Study in Seville, Spain." Applied Sciences 12, no. 22 (November 17, 2022): 11676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122211676.

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Sanitary issues, combined with the effects of climate change, emphasize the comfort of outdoor spaces in cities. Numerous comfort models exist and can predict thermal sensation. However, these comfort indices need to be validated in hot zones and quantify the neutral range considering people’s thermal resilience. The present study investigates the outdoor thermal comfort of people who live in hot areas and are accustomed to this and quantifies this effect. For that, predictions provided by the COMFA thermal comfort model were compared with the occupants’ perceptions given in the field campaigns’ questionnaires. The field campaigns were associated with on-site monitoring of local climate variables. It was observed that during the survey period, the entire space was predicted to be uncomfortable by the COMFA model. On the contrary, the results of the questionnaires showed that the most frequently encountered thermal sensations were distributed between the comfort zone and the hot zone. The proposed methodology has been designed to be used by other researchers, and it is adaptable to other outdoor thermal comforts such as PET or ITS. The comparison between the model’s predictions and the users’ responses to space highlighted the tendency of the COMFA to overestimate the thermal sensations. This work’s results allow extending the neutral comfort band from 50 W/m2 (value of literature) to 80 W/m2. So, the paper quantifies that the effect of the thermal resilience of the people increases the thermal band of comfort by around 60%. These results will allow an accurate assessment of the effectiveness of future mitigation solutions implemented to improve outdoor thermal comfort in other world areas. It is due to the propose of a higher neutrality range researchers or designers could achieve outdoor thermal comfort in effective and reliable ways, even in hot climates.

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Elnabawi, Mohamed H., and Neveen Hamza. "Behavioural Perspectives of Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Urban Areas: A Critical Review." Atmosphere 11, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11010051.

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The thermal characteristics of outdoor urban spaces and the street networks connecting them are vital to the assessment of the liveability and sustainability of cities. When urban spaces are thermally comfortable, city dwellers spend more time outdoors. This has several benefits for human health and wellbeing, also reducing indoor energy consumption and contributing to local economy. Studies on outdoor thermal comfort have highlighted the need to develop interdisciplinary frameworks that integrate physical, physiological, psychological, and social parameters to assist urban planners and designers in design decisions. In this paper, an extensive literature review of outdoor thermal comfort studies over the past decade was undertaken, including both rational and adaptive thermal comfort approaches, from the contextualize the behaviour perspectives related to the use of urban space. Consequently, the paper suggests a comprehensive framework for evaluating the relationship between the quantitative and qualitative parameters linking the microclimatic environment with subjective thermal assessment and social behaviour. The framework aims to contribute to the development of exclusive thermal comfort standards for outdoor urban settings.

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Qiao, Liang, and Xinling Yan. "Analysis of Thermal Comfort under Different Exercise Modes in Winter in Universities in Severe Cold Regions." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 28, 2022): 15796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315796.

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In this study, we collected 927 cases of samples from students at the Harbin Institute of Technology, China and conducted a thermal comfort questionnaire survey on four outdoor exercise modes in winter. Additionally, we analyzed the thermal perception conditions of the campus population in winter, the association between exercise volume and TCV (Thermal Comfort Vote) and the correlation between PET (physiological equivalent temperature) and MTSV (Mean Thermal Sensation Vote). Furthermore, we identified different PET neutral temperatures under different exercise modes (skating 3 °C, running 6 °C, hiking 9 °C, standing 14 °C), the variability of different thermal comforts in the original residence and the trend of thermal comfort with outdoor activity time. Finally, we obtained the prediction model of thermal perception under different exercise modes, and it can used as a basis for assessing the cold outdoor thermal environment to provide some references for environmental designers.

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Zhang, Yingyi, and Chang Liu. "Digital Simulation for Buildings’ Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Urban Neighborhoods." Buildings 11, no. 11 (November 15, 2021): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11110541.

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Buildings’ outdoor thermal comfort influences environment quality and human behavior in urban neighborhoods. The Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) has been broadly applied to the study of buildings’ outdoor thermal comfort in urban areas. However, complex environmental conditions in climate-sensitive urban areas can make UTCI assessment complicated and ineffective. This paper introduces digital techniques into buildings’ outdoor thermal comfort analysis for the improvement of the urban habitant environment. A digital simulation system is generated to facilitate the analysis procedure for buildings’ outdoor thermal comfort assessment in urban neighborhoods. The analysis addresses the research question: “Can digital simulation techniques provide a modeling system to assess buildings’ outdoor thermal comfort continuously and effectively?” Methods include a case study of neighborhoods in Beijing, qualitative and quantitative analysis based on digital processes, and parametric modeling. The results indicate that digital simulation techniques and tools have the capability to support the analysis of buildings’ outdoor thermal comfort by providing three-dimensional models, algorithm-based analysis, and visual simulation. The findings include a critique of digital simulation as applied to architecture study and insights on potentially improving buildings’ outdoor thermal comfort through human–computer interactions.

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Sung, Wen Pei, Shih Tai Hu, Yu Kuang Zhao, and Lei Wei. "Study on Outdoor and Semi-Outdoor Thermal Comfort of College Campus in Central Taiwan." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 624–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.624.

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Taiwan is a small island. Some of college campuses are very tiny with large hard pavement to cause un-comfortable outdoor environment. Most of faculty and students like to stay at classroom and use air-conditioner to establish comfort thermal environment. Thus, the outdoor and semi-outdoor thermal equipments are used to detect the parameters of weather. The test and analysis results show that hard pavements cause the un-comfortable outdoor comfort. Mean Radiant Temperatures of grass in summer is higher than the other pavement because that grass pavement is lack of moisture to causes bad outdoor thermal comfort. Therefore, the fine outdoor and semi-outdoor thermal comfort environment should consider the permeable pavement and grass with suitable moisture to cause better outdoor thermal environment and large arbores should be planted widely in campus to establish a better semi-outdoor thermal temperature in campus of the subtropical zone.

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Zhang, Shaojie, Shanzhi Li, Ling Shu, Tieqiao Xiao, and Taotao Shui. "Landscape Configuration Effects on Outdoor Thermal Comfort across Campus—A Case Study." Atmosphere 14, no. 2 (January 29, 2023): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14020270.

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As a main place for student activities on campus, outdoor spaces have positive impacts on students’ physical and mental health. Namely, outdoor heat and comfort are of great significance to improve activity quality. Here, four unique outdoor spaces were studied to explore the varying effects on human thermal comfort during hot-summer and cold-winter periods. Distinct outdoor spaces (fully open, semi-open, semi-enclosed, and fully enclosed areas) from the southern campus of Anhui Jianzhu University were chosen. The PET was used as a metric for measuring thermal comfort and analyzing correlated spatiotemporal distributions. The results showed that outdoor thermal comfort was derived from multiple factors, including vegetation, underlying surface materials, building presence, and wind-heat environment. Notably, high correlations between Tmrt and thermal comfort were revealed, where such temperatures of places with trees or building shade were low; thus, PET was low. Further, Ws showed a significantly negative correlation with PET. Of the four outdoor space forms, the fully enclosed location had the lowest thermal comfort level, while the semi-enclosed spaces showed the highest level of body comfort. Therefore, semi-enclosed space (U-shaped) is recommended in campus planning and construction. Accordingly, an improved strategy was proposed based on experimental transformation for fully enclosed spaces. The thermal comfort after optimization was simulated to provide references for outdoor space thermal comfort improvement during seasonal extremes.

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Sanagar Darbani, Elham, and Danial Monsefi Parapari. "IDEAL MODEL FOR INVESTIGATING URBAN FORM EFFECTS ON URBAN HEAT ISLAND AND OUTDOOR THERMAL COMFORT: A REVIEW." International Journal of Engineering Science Technologies 6, no. 1 (February 16, 2022): 64–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijoest.v6.i1.2022.275.

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In recent decades, urban planners have endeavoured to mitigate climate change, by adaptation programs in order to alleviate its adverse effects on human health and wellbeing. Outdoor thermal comfort as an environmental factor affects human health, as proven by various research studies conducted in different climates. The aim of this paper is to explore the components of urban heat island, outdoor thermal comfort, and urban form. The relationship between these keywords and variables that affect outdoor thermal comfort was also analysed. The research method is descriptive-analytical and besides that, the qualitative research method has been used. The components of each keyword have been extracted based on professional theories. Finally, the ideal model of outdoor thermal comfort is proposed. This paper gives a comprehensive view to urban heat islands, urban form and outdoor thermal comfort

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Li, Jinwei, Lilin Zhao, Zheyao Peng, Zijian Wang, and Taotao Shui. "Study on Outdoor Thermal Comfort in the Transitional Season of Hefei." E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016501026.

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In order to study the outdoor thermal comfort during the transition season in Hefei, a university in Hefei adopted a combination of field environmental measurements and questionnaires to study the changes in thermal sensation and thermal comfort of outdoor people before and after the transition season. The rankings of the effects of temperature, wind speed, humidity, and solar radiation on human thermal comfort were obtained through surveys, and the proportion of each parameter’s influence on human thermal comfort was analyzed. The relationship between thermal sensation and thermal comfort was analyzed, and the application was established through regression analysis Prediction model of thermal sensation in autumn and winter outdoor environment in Hefei area.

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Fan, Qindong, Fengtian Du, Hu Li, and Chenming Zhang. "Thermal-comfort evaluation of and plan for public space of Maling Village, Henan, China." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 20, 2021): e0256439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256439.

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The thermal environment of village public space affects the comfort of people ’ s outdoor activities, and then affects the willingness of residents to outdoor activities, which has an important impact on the villagers’ quality of life. Previously published studies of thermal comfort mostly focused on the evaluation of thermal comfort index, few studies on the application of thermal comfort planning. The study was carried out in Maling Village, Changdai Town, Mengjin County, Luoyang City, Henan Province, China. Square, street, green space were chosen as three typical public spaces where thermal comfort indexes were measured by questionnaire survey and field measurement during summer. Subsequently, the village’s microclimate environment was simulated with ArcGIS 10.6 and ENVI-met. The results indicate that during the summer, the influences of temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, and relative humidity on the subjective comfort conditions of the outdoor environment gradually decreased. The spatial form of village has an important influence on thermal comfort. Finally, based on the results, this study put forward the thermal comfort process and planning scheme of the village outdoor space.

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Li, Jing, and Yu Liu. "Study on Design Strategies for Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort in the Cold Regions of China." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 3798–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.3798.

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Along with the improvement of dwelling quality, the length of time and frequency of outdoor activities in winter greatly increase in the north China area, although the outdoor thermal environments are still unsatisfactory. It is necessary for both planners and architects to improve outdoor thermal environments in the cold regions of north China. This paper firstly introduces the general winter climate features in some north China cities. Then, it takes Xi'an city as an example to show the shortage of uncomfortable outdoor environment. Thirdly, the design strategies to improve outdoors thermal comfort include wind and snow protection, sunlight usage, environmental zones and recreational facilities, etc. are discussed.

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Hamdani ; Nancy Yusnita Nugroho, Natalia. "EFFECT OF BUILDING FORM WITH INNER COURT AND HEIGHT VARIATIONS ON THERMAL COMFORT OUTDOOR SPACE IN SUDIRMAN SUITES APARTMENT BANDUNG." Riset Arsitektur (RISA) 3, no. 04 (October 5, 2019): 414–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/risa.v3i04.3523.414-431.

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Abstract- Designing apartment as a vertical residence should not only pay attention to aesthetics value but also aspects comfort aspects, such as thermal comfort. Apartment thermal comfort is not only limited to indoor units but also outdoor space as residents’ communal area. Sudirman Suites Apartment built in the center of Bandung City with limited land availability is selected as the research object because of the uniqueness of the building form with inner court and height variation that allows the availability of outdoor space on the floor above. Sudirman Suite Apartments’ building form and height can affect the site’s microclimate and outdoor space thermal comfort. This study aims to determine the effect of building form with inner court and height variation to thermal comfort of apartment outdoor space as well as the right solution to improve it. This study used quantitative method, with descriptive evaluative type of research. Measurements were taken on the Sudirman Suite Apartment outdoor space such as ground floor parking area, terrace, and aisle, 1st floor inner court, 2nd floor roof garden, and sky garden on 9th and 11th floor. The measurement data then calculated into thermal comfort perception and analyzed based on theories of literature study result to reach conclusion. Influence of the building form and height to outdoor space thermal comfort the thermal comfort of Sudirman Suites Apartment analysis divided into: outdoor space on the main mass with inner court and height variations, pilotis on the ground floor of the main mass, and supporting mass addition. Besides of the building form and height, environmental factors also affect the outdoor space thermal comfort such as wind and radiative temperatures in each outdoor space. Based on this study, it is known that there is significant effect of the apartment’s form with inner court, where the comparison between blocking tower height and comparable distance between towers makes inner court area air flow tend to be low. Pilotis on the ground floor increases the speed of air flow on the ground floor. Sun radiation reduction occurs in the sky garden area overshadowed by building form with height variation. Outdoor space elements optimization is considered less optimal in supporting thermal comfort, such as the lack of plants and rooftop surface area dominated by hardscape. Key Words: apartment, outdoor space, thermal comfort, Bandung Sudirman Suites

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Gu, Han, Qiqi Hu, Dongsheng Zhu, Jie Diao, Ying Liu, and Mengmeng Fang. "Research on Outdoor Thermal Comfort of Children’s Activity Space in High-Density Urban Residential Areas of Chongqing in Summer." Atmosphere 13, no. 12 (November 30, 2022): 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13122016.

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Children’s activity spaces in communities designed for children’s recreation are related to children’s safety and physical health. Outdoor thermal comfort of children’s activity spaces in high-density urban residential areas is the key to children’s use in summer. To this end, meteorological measurements and questionnaires were conducted to better understand children’s outdoor thermal comfort in summer, and children’s outdoor thermal comfort was evaluated using the universal thermal climate index (UTCI) for children’s activity spaces in high-density residential areas of Chongqing, China. We draw four conclusions: (1) Different landscape types of children’s activity spaces have different effects on outdoor thermal comfort, and gender differences also affect outdoor thermal comfort in the same type of children’s activity space. (2) Global radiation (G) and air temperature (Ta) were the primary meteorological factors influencing children’s thermal sensations. (3) Outdoor thermal comfort of children’s activity spaces in high-density urban residential areas was inferior overall. (4) Neutral UTCI (NUTCI) for male and female children in Chongqing were 22.2 °C and 21.8 °C, NUTCI ranges (NUTCIR) were 18.4–26.1 °C (male) and 16.2–27.3 °C (female), and acceptable UTCI ranged from 23.2 to 39.1 °C (male) and 22.8 to 40.3 °C (female). The results provide guidance for landscape architects and urban planners in the Chongqing area to create comfortable outdoor spaces for children, improve their physical activity levels, and promote their physical and mental health.

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Matallah, Mohamed Elhadi, Djamel Alkama, Atef Ahriz, and Shady Attia. "Assessment of the Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Oases Settlements." Atmosphere 11, no. 2 (February 10, 2020): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11020185.

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Oases throughout the world have become important ecosystems to replenish food and water supplies. The Saharan Oases exist above the largest underground water supplies in the World. In North Africa, oases witness significantly growing populations in the oasis towns and receive thousands of tourists yearly. In oasis settlements, the majority of the population spends most of the time outdoors, in extremely hot conditions; however, few studies have investigated urban outdoor thermal comfort conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to assess thermal comfort in the Tolga Oasis Complex and test the validity of the ‘oasis effect’ concept. The methodology is based on comparative field measurement and calculation approaches in the heart of Tolga Palm Grove and in different urban settlements. Results indicate highest heat stress levels (Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) index) in the oases Palm Grove in July, PET = 41.7 °C, and urban settlements, PET = 40.9 °C. Despite the significant difference between the old and new settlement fabrics, our measurements and calculation did not identify any noticeable variation of thermal comfort. Thus, the oasis effect on the outdoor thermal comfort was insignificant (during July and August 2018). Finally, the study discusses ways to improve outdoor spaces design and relieve heat stress in the settlements of Tolga.

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Shooshtarian, Salman, Cho Kwong Charlie Lam, and Inji Kenawy. "Outdoor thermal comfort assessment: A review on thermal comfort research in Australia." Building and Environment 177 (June 2020): 106917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106917.

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Reza, Farhadur, Shoichi Kojima, and Wataru Ando. "Analyzing the Effect of Water Body on the Thermal Environment and Comfort at Indoor and Outdoor Spaces in Tropical University Campus." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 12, no. 10 (2021): 282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2021.12.10.1352.

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Water bodies play a significant role in its surrounding thermal environment. Thermal comfort in university spaces is critical that affects the students’ health and performance as well as the staffs. This study investigated thermal environment and comfort near lakeside and non-lakeside tropical university spaces. Standard Effective Temperature (SET*) have been calculated using recorded air temperature, relative humidity, globe temperature, air velocity, clothing insulation and metabolic rate to evaluate the thermal comfort in outdoor and indoor spaces. The effects of weather parameters have been clearly visible on the comfort index. The calculated SET* values indicate that the outdoor thermal comfort near a lake is much closer to the standard comfort zone than non-lakeside outdoor space. In the case of indoor thermal comfort, however, slightly a different scenario has been observed. To achieve the desirable indoor thermal environment, some design considerations are recommended based on findings.

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Lau, Kevin Ka-Lun, and Chun Yin Choi. "The influence of perceived environmental quality on thermal comfort in an outdoor urban environment during hot summer." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2042, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2042/1/012047.

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Abstract Thermal comfort in outdoor spaces is essential for human health and human wellbeing. A comfortable outdoor space enhances urban livability and sustainability. Previous studies on outdoor human thermal comfort highlighted that apart from the microclimate conditions, the psychological and physiological factors play an important role in human thermal comfort. The influence of environmental quality on human thermal comfort is being examined in this paper. A survey with a total of 1842 thermal comfort responses was conducted during a hot summer in Hong Kong. Perceived aesthetic and acoustic quality votes are strongly associated with Thermal Sensation Votes (TSV). Thermal Comfort Votes (TCV) in the satisfied aesthetic group and the satisfied acoustic group are significantly higher than that in the not satisfied group. A sensation of comfort was confirmed by 39.8% and 38.4% of participants in the satisfied aesthetic group and the satisfied acoustic group, while only 22.2% and 23.9% of the members of the not satisfied group felt comfortable. The study suggested that the perceived environmental qualities are highly associated with thermal sensation and thermal comfort, and a beautiful and quiet environment can improve the thermal comfort and thermal tolerance.

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Yang, Xin, Sha Li, Qi Zhang, and Shuang He. "Thermal Comfort Assessment of the Beijing Historical Town Blocks: Analysis of Indices and Applications." Scientific Programming 2022 (April 19, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2381584.

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Thermal comfort indicates the sensation of humans towards the surrounding environment. This research work proposes a novel method for assessing thermal comfort indices of the Beijing Historical Town Blocks. Motivation. Maintaining a proper thermal comfort is essential for healthy living and promoting the use of low energy strategies; therefore, there is an intense need for research, analysis, and assessment of thermal indices for indoor environments. Objective. The research work intends to present a generalized model for outdoor thermal comfort assessment by investigating thermal comfort evaluation indices of the past ten years through the CiteSpace software and dynamic simulation system. Methodology. Based on a study of 19 streets over 6 blocks in the historical area of Beijing, validity of the four evaluation indices of thermal comfort of the street space is analyzed using real-time data monitoring, questionnaires, regression analysis, and model establishment. Statistical analysis is performed on the basis of the four commonly used thermal comfort evaluation indices along with using universal thermal climate index (UTCI) and the comfort threshold range for evaluation. Findings. Outcomes of the analysis revealed that UTCI thermal neutral value in the historic block was 20.59°C and the comfort range was 16–25°C. It was observed that UTCI indices were inversely related to the street vegetation coverage; therefore, unlike street aspect ratio and building shadow, green planting elements had a significant effect on the thermal comfort of outdoor environment. Implication. As applicability extent of the four indices is fairly broad, the proposed method is adaptable for the assessment of indoor and outdoor environments. Thermal comfort index analysis and evaluation are appropriate for advance research in microclimate environment. Application. The research work suggests improvement strategies of microclimate environment in the historical blocks and, therefore, has significant applications in addressing the challenges of outdoor thermal comfort systems.

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Ramadhan, Try, Aldissain Jurizat, Andina Syafrina, and Amat Rahmat. "Investigating outdoor thermal comfort of educational building complex in urban area: A case study in Universitas Kebangsaan, Bandung city." Geographica Pannonica 25, no. 2 (2021): 85–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gp25-30430.

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Campus building was a place to accommodate various educational activities, which were both carried out indoors and outdoors. The environment, including the building and its exterior, provided thermal comfort that was influenced by the context, such as the mass of the facility, vegetation, and constructing envelope materials. The microclimate also influenced the environment, such as temperature, wind speed, and humidity. This study aimed to investigate the outdoor thermal comfort of campus building in urban area during summer, while also identifying the influential factors. This research referred to a case study, examining the thermal quality of the educational building environment using ENVI-met software, based on the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) index as an indicator of outdoor thermal comfort, in Universitas Kebangsaan (UK). The results showed that the outdoor environment had low thermal comfort conditions during the day, as it also had different thermal satisfactory situations, due to differences in physical characteristics in each zone. This characteristics included, (1) The SVF determinant as indicators of the shading factor should be supported by the presence of vegetation and the use of pavement material, (2) Although the wind speed factor does not really affect the thermal comfort in the outdoor space, the interconnection between open gaps is likely to make breeze distribution in the area better. This study offered direction for campus planning, in order to maintain the optimal capacity of the natural environment, such as (1) Strategizing to create a better shadowing factor in the outer space, which was supported by controlling the use of pavement materials, (2) Directing the density of buildings by making open spaces more permeable, in order for better wind distribution in the area. From this study, the campus current conditions and future design development potential was also observed.

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Nabilah, Aisyah, Lukman Noor Hakim, Maulana Calvin Fawzy, and Try Ramadhan. "Outdoor Thermal Comfort: Application of RayMan Tools." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 738, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/738/1/012008.

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Kenawy, Inji, and Hisham ElKadi. "Diversity and Thermal Comfort in Outdoor Places." International Journal of Diversity in Organizations, Communities, and Nations: Annual Review 11, no. 1 (2011): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1447-9532/cgp/v11i01/38971.

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Shooshtarian, Salman. "Theoretical dimension of outdoor thermal comfort research." Sustainable Cities and Society 47 (May 2019): 101495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101495.

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Lin, Tzu-Ping, Richard de Dear, and Ruey-Lung Hwang. "Effect of thermal adaptation on seasonal outdoor thermal comfort." International Journal of Climatology 31, no. 2 (January 20, 2011): 302–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.2120.

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Sun, Bo, Hong Zhang, Liang Zhao, Kaichen Qu, Wenhui Liu, Zhicheng Zhuang, and Hongyu Ye. "Microclimate Optimization of School Campus Landscape Based on Comfort Assessment." Buildings 12, no. 9 (September 3, 2022): 1375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091375.

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The outdoor wind environment and thermal environment are important factors affecting human comfort in cold winter conditions. The spatial layout of plant communities plays an important role in improving the outdoor microclimate and improving outdoor comfort. In order to explore the positive effect of plant layout on outdoor comfort in cold winter, this study took Xuzhou Tangfang Middle School with typical layout characteristics as the research object. In this study, we simulated the wind environment of these models using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods and the outdoor thermal environment using Ecotect(2011), and used linear regression and one-way ANOVA for mathematical statistics. The wind environment and Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) of campus outdoor activities distributed in different spaces were analyzed and evaluated. The research results showed that the superposition of wind and thermal environments identified the key areas of the campus (cross-flow area and corner flow area) and showed a negative correlation. The staggered layout of the three plant combinations increases the wind prevention efficiency by 39.4%. At the same time, this study established the linkage mechanism of campus plant layout, environmental microclimate, and activity area comfort, which effectively improved outdoor human comfort in cold winter. This research can provide a reference for the remediation and improvement of the comfort of the same type of campus, and also provide data support and reference significance for the research on the outdoor pedestrian environment in winter.

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Huang, Yuqiao, Dayi Lai, Yiqing Liu, and Huang Xuan. "Impact of climate change on outdoor thermal comfort in cities in united states." E3S Web of Conferences 158 (2020): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015801002.

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Since urban open spaces provide various benefits to the citizens, it is necessary to improve the outdoor thermal comfort in urban open spaces. However, global warming increases heat stress and at the same time decrease cold stress of outdoor spaces. The final impact of climate change on outdoor thermal comfort is not evident, and depends on the climate characteristics. This study investigated the influence of climate change on outdoor thermal comfort conditions of five selected cities (Minneapolis, New York City, San Francisco, Miami, and Las Vegas) with distinctive climate patterns in the United States. It is found that all cities suffered from deterioration in thermal comfort. This is because the increases in the heat stress rate were greater than the decreases in cold stress rate. In the 2080s, the greatest reduction in acceptable thermal stress rate happened in Miami from 44.7% to 21.3% under high emission scenario.

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Azarnejhad, Araz, and Ardeshir Mahdavi. "On the Impact of Building Façades’ Color on Thermal Building Performance and Outdoor Thermal Comfort." Applied Mechanics and Materials 887 (January 2019): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.887.189.

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A surface property of building façades, which has implications for thermal performance of buildings as well as outdoor thermal comfort, is visual reflectance. In this paper, the effects of façades’ visual reflectance on buildings' thermal performance and outdoor thermal comfort were investigated. A simulation tool was calibrated via empirical data and deployed to explore the impact of the visual reflectance of typical building façades in Vienna on indoor temperature and heating and cooling loads. The results show that the magnitude of visual reflectance has little impact on indoor temperature and energy demand of insulated buildings, while its effect on cooling load of non-insulated buildings is considerable. Finally, the effect of façades' visual reflectance on outdoor thermal comfort was investigated.

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Ma, Xuan, Mengying Wang, Jingyuan Zhao, Lei Zhang, and Wanrong Liu. "Performance of Different Urban Design Parameters in Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Health in a Pedestrianized Zone." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7 (March 27, 2020): 2258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072258.

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Global climate change and urban heat islands have generated heat stress in summer, which does harm to people’s health. The outdoor public commercial pedestrianized zone has an important role in people’s daily lives, and the utilization of this space is evaluated by their outdoor thermal comfort and health. Using microclimatic monitoring and numerical simulation in a commercial pedestrianized zone in Tai Zhou, China, this study investigates people’s outdoor thermal comfort in extreme summer heat. The final results provide a comprehensive system for assessing how to improve outdoor human thermal health. Under the guidance of this system, local managers can select the most effective strategy to improve the outdoor thermal environment.

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Srivanit, Manat, and Sudarat Auttarat. "Summer Thermal Environment and Human Comfort of Shaded Outdoor and Semi-Outdoor Spaces to Living in the Urban Area of Chiang Mai City." Journal of Architectural/Planning Research and Studies (JARS) 12, no. 2 (December 30, 2015): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.56261/jars.v12i2.53106.

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Outdoor and semi-outdoor spaces are important to sustainable cities because they accommodate leisure and activities of citizens, and contributing to urban livability and vitality. In the urban context of climate environments especially in summer, public spaces that provide a pleasurable thermal comfort experience for citizens effectively improve the quality of urban living. Consequently, in this paper, a quantitative field study was applied to investigate outdoor and semi-outdoor thermal comfort conditions in hot and humid tropical climate of Chiang Mai, Thailand. Thermal conditions of both spaces were evaluated based upon the measurement of major climatic parameters, while the thermal perception and thermal acceptability of subjects was captured simultaneously using a questionnaire survey. Meanwhile, the Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) thermal comfort index was utilized to assess the thermal comfort conditions of selected spaces. The measurement period was conducted during the daytime from 8 am to 4 pm on April within the year 2557 BE, which is the most representative a hottest month of summer in Chiang Mai city. A total of 296 questionnaires were collected in the outdoor (72.3%) and semi-outdoor (27.7%) urban spaces during the survey, which was carried out on days with suitable weather and avoid rainy days. The majority of the respondents (99.8%) stayed under trees or buildings shaded conditions. The thermal neutrality was derived by solving the simple linear equations for a mean sensation vote of zero, which are determined by analyzing the relationship between the Mean Thermal Sensation Vote (MTSV) and PET values. The results found that, the neutral sensation PET temperatures (MTSV=0) of outdoor and semi-outdoor spaces were 27.1 °C and 28.5 °C PET, respectively. And the acceptable thermal conditions ranges were 31.0-23.1°C PET and 32.0-22.4°C PET, respectively. Compared with the thermal acceptable range between both spaces was found that the thermal acceptable range in different spaces have different thermal requirements in summer, even if they are feeling comfort.

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Jung, Suk-jin, and Seong-hwan Yoon. "Study on the Prediction and Improvement of Indoor Natural Light and Outdoor Comfort in Apartment Complexes Using Daylight Factor and Physiologically Equivalent Temperature Indices." Energies 11, no. 7 (July 18, 2018): 1872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11071872.

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Urbanization has intensified population concentration, and the quality of residential environments has deteriorated owing to the accelerated construction of high-rise and high-density buildings. In this study, a quantitative analysis is conducted regarding the natural lighting and outdoor thermal comfort of apartment complexes, and satisfactory improvement measures for both factors are investigated. Natural lighting and outside microclimate modeling simulations and statistical analyses are performed on 27 cases using the layout planning factors of an apartment complex. In addition, outdoor thermal comfort analysis is performed by applying heat island mitigation factors (greening and reflective asphalt pavement) to cases satisfying the condition of daylight factor (DF ≥ 75%). To improve natural lighting, the azimuth (correlation coefficient −0.812) should be considered, and to improve outdoor thermal comfort, the aspect ratio should be considered (−0.402). The results of applying heat island mitigation factors suggest that greening can improve outdoor thermal comfort to a greater extent than reflective asphalt pavement. The significance of this study is that the measures to improve residential comfort have been determined by considering the factors affecting the residential environment.

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Yang, Jiahao, Yang Zhao, Yukai Zou, Dawei Xia, Siwei Lou, Tongye Guo, and Zhengnan Zhong. "Improving the Thermal Comfort of an Open Space via Landscape Design: A Case Study in Hot and Humid Areas." Atmosphere 13, no. 10 (September 30, 2022): 1604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101604.

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Hot and humid areas experience constant high temperatures and high humidity during summer, causing widespread concern about outdoor thermal discomfort. This paper investigates the effects of landscape design strategies on outdoor thermal environments during typical summer and winter weather conditions in the hot–humid areas of China. The physiological equivalent temperature (PET) is used for evaluating the thermal performance of the proposed outdoor environments. ENVI-met software was validated via field measurements for this study and was used to evaluate the outdoor thermal environment under typical summer and winter weather conditions. Three kinds of common landscape elements were analyzed: tree species, pavement, and water bodies. The results show that (1) by properly arranging landscape elements, the PET can be reduced by up to 1.6 °C in summer without sacrificing relevant thermal comfort during winter. (2) Arbors with high leaf area density (LAD) values performed better than those with a low LAD value for improved outdoor thermal comfort. (3) The influence of pavement on outdoor thermal comfort differs when under conditions with and without shade. This study provides practical suggestions for landscape design in open spaces within hot–humid areas.

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Golasi, Iacopo, Ferdinando Salata, Emanuele de Lieto Vollaro, Massimo Coppi, and Andrea de Lieto Vollaro. "Thermal Perception in the Mediterranean Area: Comparing the Mediterranean Outdoor Comfort Index (MOCI) to Other Outdoor Thermal Comfort Indices." Energies 9, no. 7 (July 15, 2016): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en9070550.

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Zhou, Siqi, and Jianlei Niu. "Measurement of the convective heat transfer coefficient of the human body in the lift-up design." E3S Web of Conferences 356 (2022): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235603001.

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So far, the research on the convective heat transfer coefficient (hc) in outdoor thermal comfort has mainly employed CFD simulation and wind tunnel experiments, which are difficult to fully restore the complex microclimate wind environment. In the traditional thermal comfort model, the influence of turbulence intensity (TI) on the hc might be underestimated. This study aims to measure the hc of the human body surface in the outdoor environment. A thermal manikin was placed in a lift-up building. The ambient wind speed ranged from 0.5m/s to 4m/s, with the TI ranging from 4% to 55%. The experimental results show that under the same wind speed, the difference in hc between high and low TI can be up to 15%. Based on that, the regression formula for predicting hc related to wind speed and TI was proposed. This experimental study supplements the lack of field measurement of hc in outdoor thermal comfort research, which is helpful to improve the accuracy of the outdoor thermal comfort model.

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Sangkertadi, Sangkertadi, and Reny Syafriny. "PAIR INFLUENCE OF WIND SPEED AND MEAN RADIANT TEMPERATURE ON OUTDOOR THERMAL COMFORT OF HUMID TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT." Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering 10, no. 2 (April 28, 2017): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4090/juee.2016.v10n2.177-185.

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The purposes of this article is to explore knowledge of outdoor thermal comfort in humid tropical environment for urban activities especially for people in walking activity, and those who stationary/seated with moderate action. It will be characterized the pair influence of wind speed and radiant temperature on the outdoor thermal comfort. Many of researchers stated that those two microclimate variables give significant role on outdoor thermal comfort in tropical humid area. Outdoor Tropical Comfort (OTC) model was used for simulation in this study. The model output is comfort scale that refers on ASHRAE definition. The model consists of two regression equations with variables of air temperature, globe temperature, wind speed, humidity and body posture, for two types of activity: walking and seated. From the results it can be stated that there is significant role of wind speed to reduce mean radiant temperature and globe temperature, when the velocity is elevated from 0.5 m/s to 2 m/s. However, the wind has not play significant role when the speed is changed from 2 m/s to 3.5 m/s. The results of the study may inspire us to implement effectiveness of electrical-fan equipment for outdoor space in order to get optimum wind speed, coupled with optimum design of shading devices to minimize radiant temperature for thermal comfort.

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Sangkertadi, Sangkertadi, and Reny Syafriny. "PAIR INFLUENCE OF WIND SPEED AND MEAN RADIANT TEMPERATURE ON OUTDOOR THERMAL COMFORT OF HUMID TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT." Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering 10, no. 2 (April 28, 2017): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4090/juee.2016.v10n2.177185.

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The purposes of this article is to explore knowledge of outdoor thermal comfort in humid tropical environment for urban activities especially for people in walking activity, and those who stationary/seated with moderate action. It will be characterized the pair influence of wind speed and radiant temperature on the outdoor thermal comfort. Many of researchers stated that those two microclimate variables give significant role on outdoor thermal comfort in tropical humid area. Outdoor Tropical Comfort (OTC) model was used for simulation in this study. The model output is comfort scale that refers on ASHRAE definition. The model consists of two regression equations with variables of air temperature, globe temperature, wind speed, humidity and body posture, for two types of activity: walking and seated. From the results it can be stated that there is significant role of wind speed to reduce mean radiant temperature and globe temperature, when the velocity is elevated from 0.5 m/s to 2 m/s. However, the wind has not play significant role when the speed is changed from 2 m/s to 3.5 m/s. The results of the study may inspire us to implement effectiveness of electrical-fan equipment for outdoor space in order to get optimum wind speed, coupled with optimum design of shading devices to minimize radiant temperature for thermal comfort.

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Djaghrouri, Djamila, Lazhar Boudjellal, Roumaissa Afren, and Moussadek Benabbas. "The Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) applications for microclimatic analysis in urban thermal environments. Case study; Oasis University campus, Algeria." Technium Social Sciences Journal 39 (January 21, 2023): 873–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v39i1.8198.

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This work on outdoor thermal comfort tends to highlight and affirm the contribution of vegetation to outdoor thermal comfort in a climatically hostile environment by being very hot and dry, this effect of creating a more forgiving microclimate in terms of thermal atmosphere was highlighted by simulations and in situ measurements, in a semi-open public space with a set of mature ficus retusa trees that we cut later, in this way, it gives us an unexpected and important opportunity for an intangible conclusion on this thermal contribution by means of a comparison, within the same space, in other words, with the same morphological characteristics but in two different states; case "A" with the presence of trees and case "B" after these same trees have been cut. This led us to deduce the influence of persistent vegetation on thermal comfort in such an environment; the measurements were made before and just after cutting the trees. The comfort index (UTCI) was calculated from microclimatic factors, themselves dependent on morphological indices, the measurements carried out highlighted the variations in the comfort index, that is, an indicator of the thermal comfort in both cases. In the end, this confirms the great influence of the trees shade on the outdoor thermal comfort in a public space located at the university campus of Biskra.

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Kariminia, Shahab, Sabarinah Sh Ahmad, and Ibrahim Norhati. "Landscape Attributes, Microclimate and Thermal Comfort of an Urban Square in Moderate and Dry Climate." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 3780–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.3780.

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Recent rapid urban growth in major cities highlights the role of public squares, where their success can be gauged by its frequency of use and the outdoor thermal conditions. Despite the growing number of studies on outdoor thermal comfort in temperate and dry climate, those done in the Middle East are still limited. This paper examines the effects of landscape attributes on microclimatic conditions and outdoor thermal comfort based on the physiological equivalent temperature (PET) index in Esfahan, Iran. The thermal comfort prediction and correlation between thermal environment and the use of urban space were also explored. Two fieldwork studies were conducted through simultaneous environmental measurement and questionnaire survey in winter and summer at a public square in Esfahan. The obtained data became the basis for Tmrt (mean radiant temperature) and PET estimations, supported by RayMan model. The thermal environment was investigated with different landscape attributes. The derived thermal acceptable range was found to be considerably wider that those reported in previous studies. A strong correlation was confirmed between the thermal conditions and the use of outdoor spaces. The findings demonstrated the strong positive influence of air velocity and evaporative effect of water on thermal comfort. The findings contribute toward suitable design of public squares in climates similar to Esfahan.

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Wang, Wei, Xiaofang Shan, Syed Asad Hussain, Changshan Wang, and Ying Ji. "Comparison of Multi-Control Strategies for the Control of Indoor Air Temperature and CO2 with OpenModelica Modeling." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 27, 2020): 4425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174425.

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As most residents spend more than 90% of their time in buildings, acceptable and reasonable control of both indoor thermal comfort and air quality is imperative to ensure occupants’ health status and work productivity. However, current control strategies generally take either thermal comfort or indoor air quality as a single loop, rather than the concurrent control of two. To analyze their mutual influence, this study investigated the performance of three multi-control approaches, i.e., proportional integral derivative (PID) control of thermal comfort and a fixed outdoor air ratio, PID control of thermal comfort and design outdoor air rate, and PID control of thermal comfort and occupancy-based demand-controlled ventilation. As a pilot study, three typical control methods were implemented to a multi-zone building via OpenModelica modeling. The results indicate that indoor air temperature can be well-maintained under three control methods, however, the CO2 concentration under the fixed outdoor air ratio was over 1000 ppm, leading to poor indoor air quality. The control strategy with the design outdoor air rate could not properly ensure the CO2 concentration, due to the over-ventilated or under-ventilated phenomena, subsequently resulting in unnecessary energy waste. The occupancy-based demand controlled ventilation could maintain the CO2 concentration under the set-point with an intermediate power energy utilization.

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Mölders, Nicole. "Outdoor Universal Thermal Comfort Index Climatology for Alaska." Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 09, no. 04 (2019): 558–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/acs.2019.94036.

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Peng, Zhikai, Yi Wang, and Lisha Li. "Correlational study on thermal comfort and outdoor activities." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1343 (November 2019): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1343/1/012025.

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Nazarian, Negin, Tiffany Sin, and Leslie Norford. "Numerical modeling of outdoor thermal comfort in 3D." Urban Climate 26 (December 2018): 212–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2018.09.001.

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Höppe, Peter. "Improving indoor thermal comfort by changing outdoor conditions." Energy and Buildings 16, no. 1-2 (January 1991): 743–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7788(91)90046-6.

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NAKANO, Junta, and Shin-ichi TANABE. "PROSPECTS OF THERMAL COMFORT IN SEMI-OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENT." Journal of Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 79, no. 701 (2014): 597–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aije.79.597.

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Inavonna, I., G. Hardiman, and A. B. Purnomo. "Outdoor thermal comfort and behaviour in urban area." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 106 (January 2018): 012061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/106/1/012061.

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Lin, Tzu-Ping, Andreas Matzarakis, and Ruey-Lung Hwang. "Shading effect on long-term outdoor thermal comfort." Building and Environment 45, no. 1 (January 2010): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.06.002.

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Yang, Wei, Nyuk Hien Wong, and Steve Kardinal Jusuf. "Thermal comfort in outdoor urban spaces in Singapore." Building and Environment 59 (January 2013): 426–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.09.008.

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Lai, Dayi, Deheng Guo, Yuefei Hou, Chenyi Lin, and Qingyan Chen. "Studies of outdoor thermal comfort in northern China." Building and Environment 77 (July 2014): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.03.026.

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Di, Yu Hui, Zhan Bo Wang, and Li Duan Wang. "Study on Indoor Thermal Comfort of Civil Building in Xi’an." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 5013–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.5013.

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For the study of human thermal sensation in Xi'an and adaptive thermal comfort situation, the measurement of environmental parameters and questionnaires as the way to analyze and explore the indoor and outdoor weather conditions, clothing thermal resistance, thermal sensation and so on. This paper studies human thermal sensation within the civil construction and thermal neutral temperature relationship changes with the seasons. The results showed that: the study of adaptive thermal comfort, human neutral temperature and outdoor ambient temperature has a strong correlation, the resulting models in Xi'an.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Outdoor thermal comfort'

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