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Journal articles on the topic 'Outdoors'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Akinrolie, Olayinka, Sandra C. Webber, Nancy M. Salbach, and Ruth Barclay. "Validation of an Adapted Questionnaire for Outdoor Walking Among Older Adults: The CHAMPS-OUTDOORS." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 29, no. 5 (2021): 843–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.2020-0350.

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The aim of this study was to examine the construct and known-groups validity of the total score of five items adapted from the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) questionnaire to measure outdoor walking (CHAMPS-OUTDOORS) in older adults. Data from the baseline assessment of the Getting Older Adult OUTdoors (GO-OUT) trial were used. Construct validity of the CHAMPS-OUTDOORS used objective measures of outdoor walking (accelerometry–GPS), Ambulatory Self-Confidence Questionnaire, RAND-36, 6-min walk test, 10-m walk test, and Mini-Balance Evaluation System Test. For kn

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Kilty, Trina J. "Choosing Whether to Use Mobile Technology Outdoors." Education Sciences 14, no. 9 (2024): 992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci14090992.

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The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the lived experience behind the choice of whether to bring mobile technologies along while engaging in outdoor activities. Participant observer style interviews were completed in which the researcher engaged in an outdoor activity of the participants’ choice while conducting interviews. How participants experience their decision not to use mobile technologies while outdoors has essences of participants’ value of the outdoor experience; the relationships participants bring to the outdoors and hold with the outdoors; the tensions of work

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James, Aisha K., Pam Hess, Meghan E. Perkins, Elsie M. Taveras, and Christina S. Scirica. "Prescribing Outdoor Play: Outdoors Rx." Clinical Pediatrics 56, no. 6 (2016): 519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922816677805.

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Piirsalu, Peep, Tanel Kaart, Irje Nutt, Giovanni Marcone, and David Arney. "The Effect of Climate Parameters on Sheep Preferences for Outdoors or Indoors at Low Ambient Temperatures." Animals 10, no. 6 (2020): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10061029.

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Threshold temperatures for cold stress in sheep are not well understood, the available literature is somewhat dated and reports relate to winter temperatures that are relatively benign. Sheep’s preferences for outdoor versus indoor environments, when given free access to both, were investigated in the winter period at temperatures as low as −23 °C. Two sheep farms, one with access to a permanent uninsulated barn and one with a polytunnel shelter, both with free access to an outdoor area, were used. Observations were made with a camera positioned to register numbers of sheep outdoors and indoor

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Tandon, Pooja, Brian Saelens, Chuan Zhou, and Dimitri Christakis. "A Comparison of Preschoolers’ Physical Activity Indoors versus Outdoors at Child Care." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11 (2018): 2463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112463.

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The aims of this study were to quantify and examine differences in preschoolers’ indoor and outdoor sedentary time and physical activity intensity at child care using GPS devices and accelerometers. We conducted an observational study of 46 children (mean age 4.5 years, 30 boys, 16 girls) from five child care centers who wore accelerometers and GPS devices around their waists for five days during regular child care hours. GPS signal-to-noise ratios were used to determine indoor vs. outdoor location. Accelerometer data were categorized by activity intensity. Children spent, on average, 24% of c

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Atan, Tülin, Şaban Ünver, İzzet İslamoğlu, and Gül Çavuşoğlu. "Analysis of outdoor and indoor performance and recovery values after anaerobic performance." Journal of Human Sciences 17, no. 3 (2020): 840–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v17i3.6015.

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Research Problem/Aim: The objective of this study is to examine the anaerobic performance and recovery values after anaerobic performance in terms of outdoor or indoor performance. Method: For this purpose, 30 male students studying at Faculty of Sports Sciences with an average age of 21.13±1.82 participated in the study voluntarily. Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) was applied to the subjects twice with three days in-between as anaerobic exercise. Randomly chosen 15 subjects ran outdoors and the remaining 15 subjects ran indoors and their performance and recoveries were examin

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Schuurman, Hajo. "Digital technology and the expansion of outdoor experience in outdoor activities." Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS) 10, no. 2 (2025): 060. https://doi.org/10.36950/2025.2ciss060.

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Introduction After the outbreak of covid-pandemic, the digital age has been highlighted in society, where the divide between indoors and outdoors (and work and private life) has both intensified and blurred. It has become more pronounced as daily life increasingly unfolds within a finely tuned digital infrastructure, making venturing outdoors less taken for granted. At the same time, digital technologies disrupt this infrastructure, causing the boundary between indoors and outdoors to fade. Especially in outdoor activities, digital tools like smartphones, GPS systems, and sports apps have beco

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Helen Meisfjord Jørgensen, Grete, and Knut Egil Bøe. "Outdoor yards for sheep during winter – Effects of feed location, roof and weather factors on resting and activity." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 91, no. 2 (2011): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas10062.

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Jørgensen, G. H. M. and Bøe, K. E. 2011. Outdoor yards for sheep during winter – Effects of feed location, roof and weather factors on resting and activity. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 213–220. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of roof cover and location of feed on sheep's use of an outdoor yard under different weather conditions. A 2×2 factorial experiment was conducted with roof covering of outdoor yard (yes or no) and location of feed (indoors or outdoors) in four different pens, each with one of four possible combinations of these factors. Twenty adult ewes of the Norwegi

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Raustorp, Anders, Peter Pagels, Cecilia Boldemann, Nilda Cosco, Margareta Söderström, and Fredrika Mårtensson. "Accelerometer Measured Level of Physical Activity Indoors and Outdoors During Preschool Time in Sweden and the United States." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 9, no. 6 (2012): 801–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.9.6.801.

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Background:It is important to understand the correlates of physical activity (PA) to influence policy and create environments that promote PA among preschool children. We compared preschoolers’ PA in Swedish and in US settings and objectively examined differences boys’ and girls’ indoor and outdoor PA regarding different intensity levels and sedentary behavior.Methods:Accelerometer determined PA in 50 children with mean age 52 months, (range 40–67) was recorded during preschool time for 5 consecutive weekdays at 4 sites. The children wore an Actigraph GTIM Monitor.Results:Raleigh preschool chi

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Vanderloo, Leigh M., Patricia Tucker, Andrew M. Johnson, and Jeffrey D. Holmes. "Physical activity among preschoolers during indoor and outdoor childcare play periods." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 38, no. 11 (2013): 1173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2013-0137.

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Preschoolers’ (n = 31) physical activity (PA) levels during indoor and outdoor childcare hours were explored using accelerometers. Participants engaged in 0.54 min/h (SD = 0.59) of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and 14.42 min/h (SD = 6.78) of total PA (TPA) indoors compared with 5.03 min/h (SD = 4.92) of MVPA and 31.68 min/h (SD = 0.83) of TPA outdoors. Boys and girls engaged in significantly more TPA outdoors; however, only boys demonstrated a significant increase in MVPA outdoors.

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Harvey, Mark L., and Victoria MacPhee. "A Pilot Test of the Association between Weather Comfort and Thermocomfort and Time Spent Outdoors." Weather, Climate, and Society 13, no. 2 (2021): 353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-20-0112.1.

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AbstractEmerging scientific consensus reveals that spending time outdoors promotes wellness. However, several forces impede time spent outdoors, such as opportunity, safety, and adverse weather. While uncomfortable weather intuitively decreases time outdoors, acclimatization research suggests a counterintuitive process: outdoor exposure enhances physiological adaption to adverse weather, thereby increasing perceived comfort in subsequent outings and even during a single outing in some situations, which, in turn, increases time outdoors. Therefore, this study preliminarily investigated whether

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Olberg, Madeline W., and Roberto G. Lopez. "High Tunnel and Outdoor Production of Containerized Annual Bedding Plants in the Midwestern United States." HortTechnology 26, no. 5 (2016): 651–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech03454-16.

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Due to the high cost associated with constructing and operating a greenhouse, many growers have begun using alternative, low-input methods for bedding plant production, such as unheated high tunnel and outdoor production. Previous research indicates that bedding plant production in unheated high tunnels may be suitable for cold-tolerant species, but flowering is delayed compared with greenhouse production. To our knowledge, there has been no published research on the effects of outdoor production on bedding plant species. The objectives of this study were therefore to 1) compare the growth and

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Abid, Nazish. "EXPLORING AND ASSESSING USER PERCEPTION AND PREFERENCES FOR OPEN SPACES IN A UNIVERSITY CAMPUS: A CASE STUDY OF IIT ROORKEE, INDIA." New Design Ideas 8, no. 2 (2024): 412–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.62476/ndi82412.

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Public open spaces on an educational campus are one of the most important types of spaces because they play an essential role in developing an active campus environment, having a significant effect on student behavior by affecting their feelings regarding space quality and assessment of the campus environment. This paper investigates the factors that affect students' perception of the quality of the open spaces on campus. An online survey was conducted to document the students’ activities and behavior preferences, who are the most frequent users of these open spaces in the campus. The data hav

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Innes, Anthea, Vanina Dal Bello-Haas, Equity Burke, Dylan Lu, Mason McLeod, and Constance Dupuis. "Understandings and Perceived Benefits of Outdoor-Based Support for People Living with Dementia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 8 (2024): 1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21081072.

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The importance of the outdoors for supporting well-being is recognized, but less is known about the role of the outdoors in supporting people living with dementia. The aim of this study was to examine three stakeholder groups’ understandings about outdoor-based support and care for people living with dementia to help understand what might be done to maximize the outdoors as a source of support for people living with dementia. Data were collected in Southern Ontario, Canada, between January and June 2023 via 1-1 interviews (n = 12); four focus groups (n = 17) with staff from organizations provi

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Samsukamal, Nur Aqilah, Nor Ruwaida Jamian, Hanna Karishma Bahtiar, et al. "Airborne Microplastics in Indoor and Outdoor Environments at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Campus." Journal of Advanced Research in Micro and Nano Engineering 32, no. 1 (2025): 94–108. https://doi.org/10.37934/armne.32.1.94108.

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Airborne microplastics (MPs) have been reported globally in both indoor and outdoor environments, raising concerns about potential public health risks. However, the occurrence of airborne MPs indoors and outdoors remains inadequately understood despite their simultaneous presence in both environments. Herein, the physical and chemical characteristics of airborne MPs were investigated from December 2022 to January 2023 in both indoors and outdoors at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Sampling was conducted on weekdays and weekends over four weeks using active samplers. The

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Petersson Troije, Charlotte, Ebba Lisberg Jensen, David Redmalm, and Lena Wiklund Gustin. "Unlocking the Transformative Potential of Outdoor Office Work—A Constructivist Grounded Theory Study." Challenges 15, no. 2 (2024): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/challe15020025.

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White-collar workers around the world are reconfiguring their ways of working. Some have found their way out, performing office work outdoors, through walk-and-talks, outdoor meetings, or reading sessions. Working outdoors has proved both invigorating and challenging. This qualitative interview study aims to develop a conceptual framework concerning the implications of white-collar workers incorporating the outdoors into their everyday work life. Applying a constructivist grounded theory approach, 27 interviews with a total of 15 participants were systematically analyzed. Findings evolved arou

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Gardiner, Clare. "SET Outdoors Service." International Journal of Integrated Care 25 (April 9, 2025): 349. https://doi.org/10.5334/ijic.icic24161.

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The South Eastern Health & Social Trust (SET) provides a service to a population of over 350,000. Central to improving health & wellbeing and contributing to reducing health inequalities is innovation, service improvement and excellence by working in partnership and collaboration both internal and external to the organisation. The SET Outdoors Service is one of SET key priorities in the Population Health Strategy 2021-24 which is underpinned by Regional Strategic Drivers such as Making Life Better: A Whole System Strategic Framework for Public Health 2013-23, Health and Wellbeing 2026:

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Loebach, Janet, Marcos Sanches, Julia Jaffe, and Tara Elton-Marshall. "Paving the Way for Outdoor Play: Examining Socio-Environmental Barriers to Community-Based Outdoor Play." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7 (2021): 3617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073617.

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Outdoor play and independent, neighborhood activity, both linked with healthy childhood development, have declined dramatically among Western children in recent decades. This study examines how social, cultural and environmental factors may be hindering children’s outdoor and community-based play. A comprehensive survey was completed by 826 children (aged 10–13 years) and their parents from 12 schools (four each urban, suburban and rural) from a large county in Ontario, Canada. Five multilevel regression models, controlling for any school clustering effect, examined associations between outdoo

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Cooley, Sam J., Eleanor Taylor, Kristina Ceslikauskaite, and Noelle Robertson. "Outdoor therapy: Maverick or mainstream? A survey of clinical psychologists." Clinical Psychology Forum 1, no. 370 (2023): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpf.2023.1.370.21.

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ObjectiveTalking therapy can be highly effective when located outdoors. However, much of the previous research has centred around counselling and psychotherapy professions. This study aimed to explore the attitudes and experiences of clinical psychologists.DesignA cross-sectional survey was used to gain a broad perspective.Method215 participants completed the survey between August and October 2021. Efforts were made to ensure a varied and representative sample located across the UK and comprising mixed interests and experiences. The survey included measures of nature connection, experiences an

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Jeffries, Owen, Mark Waldron, Stephen D. Patterson, and Brook Galna. "An Analysis of Variability in Power Output During Indoor and Outdoor Cycling Time Trials." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 14, no. 9 (2019): 1273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0539.

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Purpose: Regulation of power output during cycling encompasses the integration of internal and external demands to maximize performance. However, relatively little is known about variation in power output in response to the external demands of outdoor cycling. The authors compared the mean power output and the magnitude of power-output variability and structure during a 20-min time trial performed indoors and outdoors. Methods: Twenty male competitive cyclists ( 60.4 [7.1] mL·kg−1·min−1) performed 2 randomized maximal 20-min time-trial tests: outdoors at a cycle-specific racing circuit and ind

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Flack, Amy. "The great outdoors." Early Years Educator 23, no. 8 (2022): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/eyed.2022.23.8.29.

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There is nothing like exploring and experiencing the myriad of learning and play opportunities afforded by an outdoor environment. While people often express a love for ‘the great outdoors’ or see it as some form of challenge or escape, we as educators need to reclaim this space for our children.

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Ehelepola, N. D. B., and H. M. Arjuna Thilakarathna. "Respiratory infection transmission risk and indoor air quality at outpatient departments and emergency treatment units of Sri Lankan teaching hospitals." PLOS Global Public Health 4, no. 2 (2024): e0002862. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002862.

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Indoor carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration has been used as a proxy of the degree of ventilation and, by extension, as an indicator of the risk of contracting respiratory infections. No publications exist regarding indoor air quality (IAQ) parameters of Sri Lankan hospitals.We measured the levels of CO2 and seven other IAQ parameters during morning rush hours for three days, in outpatient departments (OPDs) and emergency treatment units (ETUs) of all 21 teaching hospitals of Sri Lanka. We measured the same parameters of outdoor air also. We calculated the mean values of those parameters. We loo

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Sun, Li, Peng Wei, Dane Westerdahl, Jing Xue, and Zhi Ning. "Evaluating Indoor Air Quality in Schools: Is the Indoor Environment a Haven during High Pollution Episodes?" Toxics 12, no. 8 (2024): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics12080564.

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Pollution data were collected at five schools in Hong Kong using low-cost, sensor-based monitors both indoors and outdoors during two consecutive high pollution episodes. The pollutants monitored included NO2, O3, PM2.5, and PM10, which were also used as input to a health risk communication protocol known as Air Quality Health Index (AQHI). CO2 was also measured simultaneously. The study aimed to assess the relationship between indoor pollutant concentrations and AQHI levels with those outdoors and to evaluate the efficacy of building operating practices in protecting students from pollution e

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Stangierska, Dagmara, Beata Fornal-Pieniak, Paweł Szumigała, Katarzyna Widera, Barbara Żarska, and Karolina Szumigała. "Green Physical Activity Indicator: Health, Physical Activity and Spending Time Outdoors Related to Residents Preference for Greenery." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2 (2023): 1242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021242.

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Spending time in the natural outdoor environment is a part of a healthy lifestyle. This study focused on identifying elements of green infrastructure that have a positive impact on both increasing physical activity, spending time outdoors and improving overall health. The aim of the research was to identify which elements of the settlement units’ green and blue infrastructure, related to residents’ preferences for greenery, influence more physical activity and spending time in green spaces and improve the healthy feeling of users as perceived by respondents. A total of 721 respondents from Pol

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Rheinheimer, Nicole, Stefania V. Vacaru, Julie C. van Immerseel, Simone Kühn, and Carolina de Weerth. "Infant Care: Predictors of Outdoor Walking, Infant Carrying and Infant Outdoor Sleeping." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 6 (2024): 694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060694.

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Background. Although spending time outdoors is beneficial for development, little is known about outdoor time during infancy. The aim of this study was to assess frequencies and durations of (1a) outdoor walking and carrying in mother–infant dyads and (1b) infant outdoor sleeping in a stationary cot or pram. We furthermore aimed to identify associations of (2a) outdoor walking and carrying and (2b) infant outdoor sleeping, with infant, maternal and environmental sample characteristics. Methods. An online survey was distributed among mothers of 0- to 12-month-old infants. Initially, 1453 mother

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Chen, Jun, Jingjing Wang, Ziyi Qi, et al. "Smartwatch Measures of Outdoor Exposure and Myopia in Children." JAMA Network Open 7, no. 8 (2024): e2424595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.24595.

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ImportanceTime spent outdoors has been proven effective in preventing myopia, but little is known about the association of outdoor exposure patterns with myopia.ObjectiveTo examine the association of outdoor exposure patterns with myopic shift in children.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis 1-year prospective cohort study from December 2017 to December 2018 was a secondary analysis of a cluster-randomized trial (Shanghai Time Outside to Reduce Myopia [STORM]). STORM was a school-based intervention study, recruiting 16 schools from 8 districts in Shanghai, from October 2016 to December 2018.

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Cammalleri, Vittoria, Daniela Marotta, Carmela Protano, Matteo Vitali, Paolo Villari, and Maria Cattaruzza. "How Do Combustion and Non-Combustion Products Used Outdoors Affect Outdoor and Indoor Particulate Matter Levels? A Field Evaluation Near the Entrance of an Italian University Library." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14 (2020): 5200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145200.

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Particulate Matter (PM) is a well-known health risk factor and pollutes both outdoor and indoor air. Using PM as an air pollution indicator, the aims were to assess outdoor and indoor air pollution due to combustion and/or non-combustion products used outdoors and to compare the PM levels emitted by different products. PM with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10, 4, 2.5 and 1 µm (PM10, PM4, PM2.5, PM1) was simultaneously measured in two areas, respectively, indoors (with smoking ban) and outdoors (where people commonly smoke) of a university library during the morning and the afternoon of two weekdays

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Høøk Presto, M., H. K. Andersson, S. Folestam, and J. E. Lindberg. "Activity behaviour and social interactions of pigs raised outdoors and indoors." Archives Animal Breeding 51, no. 4 (2008): 338–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-51-338-2008.

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Abstract. Activity behaviour and social interactions of pigs in indoor and outdoor systems fed different levels of amino acids were studied on 96 crossbred pigs (Hampshire × Swedish Landrace × Swedish Yorkshire). The pigs were born outdoors and raised indoors in conventional pens or outdoors on pastures and given recommended (R), 7 % lower (R-7) or 14 % lower (R-14) levels of amino acids, in a phase feeding system with a low-energy diet provided ad libitum. Pigs in the outdoor system walked significantly more (p=0.012) and tended to be rooting more (p=0.098) than indoor pigs. Amino acid level

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Hernandez, Howard H. "Let’s Take This Outside: Rethinking Outdoor Education." Journal of Education and Learning 13, no. 5 (2024): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jel.v13n5p172.

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Several health experts have strongly recommended spending time outdoors for physical and mental well-being. As students progress through the schooling system, they spend less time outdoors. There is an insufficient amount of research on how outdoor learning can benefit students at the university level. There is a consistent stream of research looking at methods of learning and how to create better environments for learning. However, studies on outdoor learning have been few. Outdoor learning, in general, and at the university level, in particular, has numerous advantages for learners when cond

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Wilhelmsson, Birgitta, Gun Lidestav, and Christina Ottander. "Teachers’ intentions with outdoor teaching in school forests: Skills and knowledge teachers want students to develop." Nordic Studies in Science Education 8, no. 1 (2012): 26–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/nordina.357.

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There is an interest among Swedish teachers to locate teaching outdoors. This study focuses on four teachers in grades 4-6, to explore their intentions and objectives with regular teaching outdoors. Datasources consist of semi-structured interviews, descriptions on successful activities, and reflections on metaphors. The use of intentional analysis and Bloom’s revised taxonomy on teachers’ objectives show that the teachers stress the out-of-school learning that draws on the actual world and concrete material. Yet their objectives with these authentic experiences are diverse. Two teachers have

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Ahmed, Muna, Salah M. R, and IMT Fadlalla. "Occupational hazards, disease symptoms and physiological responses in workers with different workloads under out and indoor conditions." International Journal of Advance Research in Education & Literature (ISSN 2208-2441) 11, no. 1 (2025): 78–103. https://doi.org/10.61841/kt3ymd71.

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The present research work was carried during the period of January 2012 – January 2013 with the objective to assess the impact of thermal environment (indoors/outdoors) on the health workers carrying different workloads (heavy, moderate, light). The outdoor study targeted subjects working in building construction in Khartoum. The indoor study targeted subjects working in textile and glassware factories in Khartoum industrial area. The control subjects were selected from those employed at the National Health Laboratory. A questionnaire was designed to obtain information about workers pertaining

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Sharan, Murali, Manikandanesan Sakthivel, Polani Rubeshkumar, et al. "Face mask use in the city of Chennai, India: Results from three serial cross-sectional surveys, 2021." PLOS ONE 19, no. 4 (2024): e0297909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297909.

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Introduction The Government of Tamil Nadu, India, mandated wearing face masks in public places to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. We established face mask surveillance and estimated the prevalence of appropriate mask use (covering the nose, mouth, and chin) in the slums and non-slums of Chennai at different time points in 2021. Methods We conducted three serial cross-sectional surveys in the outdoors and indoors of Chennai in March, July, and October 2021. We observed the mask wearing among 3200 individuals in the outdoors and 1280 in the indoors. We divided the outdoor and indoor locations into

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Thomas, Valorie. "Outdoors." Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies 14, no. 2 (1994): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3346632.

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Beames, Simon, Matthew Atencio, and Hamish Ross. "Taking Excellence Outdoors." Scottish Educational Review 41, no. 2 (2009): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27730840-04102004.

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Scotland’s new Curriculum for Excellence (CfE) appears to support learning outside the classroom but there remains no statutory requirement for Scottish pupils to learn outdoors during their school careers. Commentators have asserted the apparently strong resonance between CfE and outdoor learning but there has been little explanatory argument to support this. This paper argues that the variable provision of school-organised outdoor learning in Scotland is the result of, among other things, the perceived high cost and perceived lack of curricular relevance of such learning. We go on to show ho

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Morse, Marcus, and Sean Blenkinsop. "Being Outdoors: Lived Experience on the Franklin River." Phenomenology & Practice 16, no. 1 (2021): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/pandpr29501.

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Being outdoors can provide experiential possibilities not readily available indoors. In this paper we draw on phenomenological research undertaken with participants on 10-day outdoor Franklin River journeys in Tasmania, Australia, to illustrate such possibilities. By exploring multiple aspects and variations of participant lived experience outdoors we focus, in particular, on the potential ontological implications of these experiences. We detail three key findings that emerged from participant descriptions: i) a feeling of humility, ii) being alive to the present, and iii) paradox and living w

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Faria Júnior, Newton Santos de, Cláudio Hiroshi Nakata, Luís Vicente Franco de Oliveira, Gaspar Rogério Chiappa, and Gerson Cipriano Júnior. "Evaluation of the best environment for the six-minute walk test." Fisioterapia em Movimento 28, no. 3 (2015): 429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-5150.028.003.ao01.

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AbstractIntroduction The purpose of the six-minute walk test (6MWT) is to evaluate cardiopulmonary capacity using a low-cost test that is easy to administer, generally well tolerated by different populations and reflects one’s performance on activities of daily living. However, few studies have been conducted to determine the difference between performing the 6MWT indoors and outdoors.Objective The aim of the present study was to compare the distance covered on the 6MWT performed indoors and outdoors and evaluate the following physiological variables: heart rate, blood pressure and the subject

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Rahman, Abd, and Devi Novitasari. "Tertiary Students’ Attitudes towards English Oral Communication Learning Outdoors: The Case of Indonesia." JEdu: Journal of English Education 4, no. 2 (2024): 84–93. https://doi.org/10.30998/jedu.v4i2.11355.

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While much research has documented university students’ attitude towards learning English oral communication skill in the classroom, their attitude to the learning of English oral communication skill outdoors has been under researched. To fill this gap, the present study aims to investigate university students’ attitudes to the learning of oral communication skill outdoors. Eight university students of English Department (4 males and 4 females) aged between 20-22 years old voluntarily participated in the study. Data of the study were gathered from informal interviews and students’ reflective w

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Fialkovičová, Mária, Silvia Mardzinová, Marta Benková, Jana Mojžišová, Monika Gaálová, and Edina Sesztáková. "Seasonal influence on the thyroid gland in healthy dogs of various breeds in different weights." Acta Veterinaria Brno 81, no. 2 (2012): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201281020183.

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The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of seasonal ambient temperature on the thyroid gland function in terms of serum total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (fT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), and canine thyroid stimulating hormone (cTSH) concentrations in healthy dogs of various breeds living outdoors and to compare them with those living indoors in flats and houses. The monitoring was conducted for 5 years and our study included 162 indoor dogs and 148 outdoor dogs of both sexes from 2 to 12 years of age, categorised into 3 groups according to their body weight: large (n = 17),

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Jordan, Rebecca, Amanda Sorensen, and Daniel Clark. "Urban/Suburban Park Use: Links to Personal Identity?" Current World Environment 10, no. 2 (2015): 355–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.10.2.01.

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Public greenspaces provide an opportunity for community members to engage with the outdoors. In many locations, however, parks are under used. In an effort to gauge the potential for outdoor interaction and ecosystem education, we conducted a survey of residents from a central New Jersey, USA, county. Our correlation analysis indicated that park use could be related to socioeconomics and in particular education, environmental literacy, pet ownership, outdoor enjoyment and preferred environment. Variables relating to mood and other personal characteristics were more strongly associated with ind

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White, Jan. "Cause and effect." Nursery World 2022, no. 7 (2022): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nuwa.2022.7.14.

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Roberts, Nina S. "Outdoor Adventure Education: Trends and New Directions—Introduction to a Special Collection of Research." Education Sciences 11, no. 1 (2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11010007.

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This special issue on “outdoor adventure education” contains seven articles focused on varied topics in outdoor adventure education (OAE) from the impact of COVID-19, creating a mobile App and girls outdoors to urban programming, systems of privilege and more [...]

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Larson, Lincoln R., Rachel Szczytko, Edmond P. Bowers, Lauren E. Stephens, Kathryn T. Stevenson, and Myron F. Floyd. "Outdoor Time, Screen Time, and Connection to Nature: Troubling Trends Among Rural Youth?" Environment and Behavior 51, no. 8 (2018): 966–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916518806686.

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Evidence suggests that contemporary children are spending less time outdoors than their predecessors. Concurrent reports also highlight the rise of electronic media use in the lives of youth. We explored relationships between self-reported outdoor time, screen time, and connection to nature in a sample of sixth- to eighth-grade students across rural South Carolina ( N = 543). We found that most youth spent time outdoors, but they spent more time with electronic media. The outdoor versus screen time discrepancy was particularly pronounced for girls, African Americans, and eighth graders. Connec

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Lam, Chung, and Huairui Guo. "Accelerated Life Test Modeling of Outdoor Optical Products with Time-Varying Multi-Stresses." Journal of the IEST 51, no. 2 (2008): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.51.2.g751061r06t68867.

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The long-term performance prediction of optical products deployed outdoors is important. The accuracy of the prediction directly affects warranty cost calculations. In indoor environments, products are generally operated under controlled temperature and humidity. However, products outdoors usually experience multiple stresses that continuously vary with time. An outdoor-use optical product, such as a fiber distribution hub cabinet with splitters, connectors, and fan-outs built in, will experience temperature cycling effects and varying humidity. Therefore, time-varying temperature and humidity

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Tofful, Luca, Cinzia Perrino, and Silvia Canepari. "Comparison Study between Indoor and Outdoor Chemical Composition of PM2.5 in Two Italian Areas." Atmosphere 11, no. 4 (2020): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11040368.

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Outdoor air quality guidelines have been constantly implemented during the last decades. Nonetheless, no international regulations have been put into action in terms of indoor air quality standards and standardized procedures for indoor pollution measurements. In this study, we investigated the chemical composition of PM2.5 collected outdoors and indoors at six dwellings located in two Italian areas. The selected sites concerned inland/central and southern Italy, including urban, peri-urban, rural and coastal settings. The seasonal and site-specific particulate matter (PM) variations were anal

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Onat, Burcu, Ülkü Alver Şahin, and Nüket Sivri. "The relationship between particle and culturable airborne bacteria concentrations in public transportation." Indoor and Built Environment 26, no. 10 (2016): 1420–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x16643373.

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This study aims to determine the in-vehicle and outdoor culturable airborne bacteria concentration, fine particle (PM2.5) concentration and particle number concentration for six size ranges (0.3–0.5 µm, >0.5–1.0 µm, >1.0–3.0 µm, >3.0–5.0 µm, >5.0–10 µm, and >10 µm) and to assess the relation between the culturable airborne bacteria and PM2.5 concentrations in different public transport vehicles. The measurement campaign was conducted in the morning and evening onboard of the Metrobus, red-bus and outdoors. PM2.5 concentrations in the Metrobus and red-bus were observed as 58.8 ±

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Ferrao, Thomas, and Ian Janssen. "Parental encouragement is positively associated with outdoor active play outside of school hours among 7–12 year olds." PeerJ 3 (November 30, 2015): e1463. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1463.

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Background.Physical activity is important for children’s physical, mental, and social well-being. Outdoor active play is an important yet unstudied domain of children’s physical activity. The objective of this study was to determine if parental encouragement is associated with the frequency that children engage in outdoor active play outside of school hours.Methods.Participants consisted of 514 children aged 7–12 years and one of their parents. Parents completed a survey that included four questions that assessed how frequently they used verbal cues to encourage their child to play outdoors. P

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Salpakoski, Anu, Timo Törmäkangas, Johanna Edgren, et al. "Walking Recovery after a Hip Fracture: A Prospective Follow-Up Study among Community-Dwelling over 60-Year Old Men and Women." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/289549.

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Purpose. Recovery of walking outdoors after hip fracture is important for equal participation in the community. The causes of poor recovery are not fully understood. This study investigates recovery of walking outdoors and associated determinants after hip fracture.Methods. A prospective follow-up study, among clinical sample of 81 community-dwelling hip fracture patients over 60 years. Perceived difficulty in walking outdoors and 500 meters was assessed before fracture, at discharge to home (3.2 ± 2.2 weeks after surgery), and on average 6.0 ± 3.3 weeks after discharge. Potential determinants

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Al-Bouwarthan, Mohammed, Margaret M. Quinn, David Kriebel, and David H. Wegman. "A Field Evaluation of Construction Workers’ Activity, Hydration Status, and Heat Strain in the Extreme Summer Heat of Saudi Arabia." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 64, no. 5 (2020): 522–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxaa029.

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Abstract Objectives Assess the impact of summer heat exposure (June–September) on residential construction workers in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia by evaluating (i) heart rate (HR) responses, hydration status, and physical workload among workers in indoor and outdoor construction settings, (ii) factors related to physiological responses to work in hot conditions, and (iii) how well wet-bulb globe temperature-based occupational exposure limits (WBGTOELs) predict measures of heat strain. Methods Twenty-three construction workers (plasterers, tilers, and laborers) contributed 260 person-days of monitori

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Höper, Jan, Kirsti Marie Jegstad, and Kari Beate Remmen. "Student teachers’ problem-based investigations of chemical phenomena in the nearby outdoor environment." Chemistry Education Research and Practice 23, no. 2 (2022): 361–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1rp00127b.

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Learning science outdoors can enhance the understanding of theoretical scientific content taught in the classroom. However, learners are rarely afforded the opportunity to go outdoors to learn chemistry. This study investigates how problem-based learning outdoors can facilitate the understanding of basic chemistry in teacher education. A teaching unit was designed according to which student teachers at two Norwegian universities were asked to examine and identify corroded metals in the nearby outdoor environment and propose solutions to avoid this corrosion. Video data from this task were coll

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Evans, Kate, Kellie Walters, and Denise Anderson. "The Case for Evidence-Based Outdoor Recreation Interventions for Girls: Helping Girls “Find Their Voice” in the Outdoors." Education Sciences 10, no. 12 (2020): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci10120363.

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Females’ participation in outdoor recreation is often limited for a variety of reasons including social gender norms, a lack of exposure, and fear. Research has uncovered a wide range of positive outcomes for those females who do participate ranging from enhanced self-esteem and confidence to improved body image, indicating the importance of opening the outdoors as a welcoming place for all to experience. Finding Your Voice is a recreation intervention created with the focus of introducing middle school girls to outdoor recreation to increase the participants’ self-efficacy and self-empowermen

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